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Routers

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Router Terms

• Hops• Interface• Metric• WAN• LAN• Multihoming

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Router Functions

• Connect dissimilar Networks• Strips off Layers data from packets• Segments LAN • Directs Network Traffic • Port Forwarding• Filtering

RouterSwitch 1

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Workstations Workstations

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Router Components

• Internal Processor• Operating System• Input / Output Jacks• Memory

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Router Management

• Management Console Interface – Hardware

• Console cable• Ethernet

– Software• Web Browser Based NMS• Terminal Emulator• Cisco IOS

• Default Settings– Admin– Configuration

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Router Types

• Modular– Bays– Can add or change modules– Interface change possible– Usually multiprocessor

• Standard– Buy with what you need– Can’t change out interfaces,

etc

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Routing Tables

• Tells where to send the packets• Works on Layer 3 of OSI• Interfaces– LAN– WAN

Destination LAN IP Subnet Mask Gateway Interface

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Routing Table Tools

• Command line• Terminal Window Interface• PuTTY

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Address Translation

• NAT• SNAT• DNAT• PAT

• Reasons– Limits of IPv4– Security Measure– Separate internal addressing scheme

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Basic Router Setup

1. Setup WAN Side2. Setup LAN 3. Establish Routes4. Configure Protocol5. Back Up Configurations6. DOCUMENT!

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Router Troubleshooting

• Identify specific problem• Determine scope• Routers don’t fail often• Check connectivity first• Use Utilities– Tracert– Traceroute– My Traceroute– Pathping

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Questions