9419cGroup Processes

8/7/2019 9419cGroup Processes

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Group Processes


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What is a group?

Group

Two or more individuals, interacting andinterdependent ,who have come togetherto achieve particular objectives


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Classification of Groups

Formal Group: Defined by org.structure

Command Group: Directly reporting

Task Group : For a defined task

Informal Group: For social contact

Interest Group: Specific objective

Friendship : Sharing Common

characteristics


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Why do people join groups ?

Security

Status

Affiliation Power

Goal achievement


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Group Behavior (Positive)

Norms of Behavior the standards that awork group uses to evaluate the behavior ofits members

Group Cohesion the interpersonal gluethat makes members of a group sticktogether


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Group Behavior (Negative)

Social Loafing the failure of a groupmember to contribute personal time, effort,thoughts, or other resources to the group

Loss of Individuality a social process inwhich individual group members lose self-awareness and its accompanying sense of

accountability, inhibition, and responsibilityfor individual behavior


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Group Behavior (Negative)-

Contd.Groupthink phenomenon in which the

norm for consensus overrides the realisticappraisal of alternative course of action

Groupshift a change in decision riskbetween the groups decision and theindividual decision that members within the

group would make; can be either towardconservatism or greater risk


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3Issues Addressed

by Groups

Interpersonal issues(Matters of trust, personal comfort, and security)

Task issues

(Mission or purpose, methods, expectedoutcomes)

Authority issues(Leadership, managing power and influence,communication flow)


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Tuckmans Five-Stage

Model of Group Development

Forming Storming AdjourningPerformingNorming

Intra-

group

Conflict

Increased

clarity ofpurpose

Power

struggles

Coaching

Little

agreement

Unclear

purpose

Guidance

and

direction

Clear vision

and purpose

Focus on

goal

achievement

Delegation

Agreement

and

consensus

Clear roles

andresponsibili-

ties

Facilitation

Task

completion

Good

feeling about

achievements

Recognition


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STAGES IN GROUP DEVELOPMENT

FORMING STORMING

NORMING PERFORMING


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Group Properties shaping

Behaviour of its members

1. Roles

2. Norms

3. Status4. Size

5. Cohesiveness


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1.Roles

A set of expected behaviour

pattern attributed to someoneoccupying a given position ina social unit.


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Role Identity

Certain attitudes and behaviour

consistent with a role


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Role Perception

An individuals view of how he or

she is supposed to act in a given

situation


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Role Expectations

How others believe a personshould act in a given situation


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2.Norms

Acceptable standards of behaviourwithin a group that are shared bythe groups members.


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Hawthrone Studies

Western Electric Co. in Chicago between 1924-32

Three studies

Illumination and other physical factors to studyproductivity-1924-27 (Elton Mayo was invited)

Introduction of control and experiment group-0.06 foot candle (moonlight)

Second study-Relay Assembly test room-1927-

32, 5 women , working conditions were altered,no official supervisor, special privileges-productivity increased


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Hawthrone Studies (contd.)

The Bank Wiring Room Study-1931-32, 14 men,

no intervention from observer, norm emerged as

6600 units per person when the payment was on

unit rate, some wanted to produce more but theybecame victim of harassment

Main criticism is the research design with small

sample size

Foundation of psychological behavior at

workplace


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Common Classes ofNorms

Performance Norms

Appearance Norms Social Arrangement Norms Application of Resource Norms


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Conformity

Adjusting ones behaviour to

align with the norms of thegroup.


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Deviant Workplace Behaviour

Voluntary behaviour that violates

significant organisational normsand, in doing so, threats the wellbeing of the organisation or its

members


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3.Status

A socially defined position or rank

given to group members by others


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Effect ofStatus

1. Status and Norms2. Status and Group Interaction

3. Status and Inequity4. Status and Culture


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4.Size

Affect of size on group performanceis contingent

Social Loafing


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5.Cohesiveness

Degree to which group members are

attracted to each other and are motivatedto stay in the group


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Asian Perspective of Group

Working

Kinship

Adherence to group norms

Less well defined roles Stress on harmony

Documents

9419cGroup Processes