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PrisonsCrime and Punishment
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Controversy Over Prisons
Prisons have historically had a poor record inturning offenders
into responsible citizens orrehabilitating them to society
Canada and the US have some of thehighest numbers of citizens in
prisoncompared to other industrialized nations
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Controversy Over Prisons
Prison reform is a controversial topic becausewhile individual
human rights need to berespected, people tend to be emotionally
affected by horrendous acts of violence
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History of Prisons in Canada
First large Canadian prison:Kingston Penitentiary
Followed by eight more across the country
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History of Prisons in Canada
Canada spends about $4.3 million on itsfederal and provincial
penal system
Costs between $48,000 - $80,000 per year
to provide for an inmate3540% of inmates are non-violent drug
orproperty offenders
Currently 15,000 Canadians in federal prison
Canada abolished Death Penalty in 1963
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History of Prisons in Malaysia
During era of British rule, prison institutionswere the
responsibility of the individualstates governments
Prisons were built with the main purposeof bring sufferingto the
inmates inhopes to deterpeople fromcommitting crimes
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History of Prisons in Malaysia
Trades were eventually introduced intoprisons and inmates were
expected toengage in carpentry, printing work, weaving
and sewing work, and metalwork
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History of Prisons in Malaysia
After WWII, a Prison Office was establishedto administer all
prisons in Malaysia
After independence, prisons in Malaysia
slowly began to change and modernizeCurrently 39,258 people in
prison in Malaysia
Capital punishment exists for those who
commit murder, drug trafficking, treason andwaging war against
the King
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Prison Life
Physical conditions in prisons vary greatlyand are categorized
based on their level ofsecurity
Minimum, Medium, Maximum Security
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Prison Life
Cells in most prisons are designed to holdone to two people and
typically contain atoilet, washbasin, bunk, desk, and chair
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Prison Life
Some prisons have smaller cells and nowindows while others are
relativelycomfortable and let prisoners have
televisions, and access to gym equipment
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Prison Culture
Often a violent culture exists within prisons
Many inmates suffer from violent assaultsand many are
murdered
Abused by other prisoners or even guardsHigh suicide rates
Many prisoners continue to engage in
crimes in prisons such as theft, drug-dealing, and
counterfeiting
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Psychological Aspects
Think about a time when you acted out ofcharacter, either
because of who you werewith or because of unusual circumstances
doing something because of peer pressureeven though you knew it
was wrong
doing something because an adult or
authority figure instructed you to eventhough you considered it
wrong
Reflect on this silently but keep it in mind aswe work through
the next activity
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Stanford Prison Experiment
This website details an experiment that gotout of control and
became a reality, withinteresting psychological consequences
Explores how people act brutally as a resultof situational
influences and role psychology(ex. guard vs. prisoner)
http://www.prisonexp.org/
http://www.prisonexp.org/http://www.prisonexp.org/http://www.prisonexp.org/http://www.prisonexp.org/http://www.prisonexp.org/
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Stanford Prison Experiment
Work through the slide tour on the website:Read the information
about the experiment,look at the images, and watch the videos
Answer the discussion questions on aseparate sheet of paper
Email your answers
by the end of class
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The Purpose of Prisons
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This is probably the onlygoal that prisonsaccomplish as
conditions
tend to be poorHarsh punishment mayprotect the public whilethe
offender is jailed, butmay embitter theprisoner so much that heor
she re-offends when
released
PUNISHMENT
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PUNISHMENT
In the case of young offenders, prisons mayteach them to act
criminallythey are oftencalled schools for crime
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PROTECTION
Locking up a violent person removes oneoffender from society,
but there will alwaysbe people who will break the law no matter
how severe the punishment may be
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PROTECTION
A person who spends time in a criminalenvironment in a prison is
not necessarilymore law-abiding when they are let out
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DETERRENCE
Public tends to believe that toughersentences will make
potential offendersthink before they commit a crime and
therefore reduce the crime rateThis has been proven to not be
true
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DETERRENCE
Most violent crimes are caused by peoplewho are influenced by
drugs, alcohol, orimpulsive anger
Individuals do not rationally consider thelength
ofpunishmentagainstcommittingthe criminalact
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REHABILITATION
Good rehabilitation programs are expensiveand as a result, most
governments areunwilling to fund them
Overcrowding,drugs, andviolenceunderminethe efforts ofprison
staff todeliver good
programs
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REHABILITATION
Long sentences have the following impacton offenders:
Make them more antisocial and violent
Make them unprepared for the normaldemands of societyunable to
function
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Partner Work
Working with the person next to you, rankthe Purposes of Prisons
in order from mostimportant to least important
Explain why you have decided to rankthem as you did
Explain whether or not your ranking wouldchange depending on the
type of crimecommitted
Be prepared to share your answers with therest of the class
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Solutions to Prisons
Many people want to change the violentenvironment of prisons and
make thefollowing recommendations:
Increased money to relieve overcrowdingand to provide more and
better-qualityrehabilitation programs
Prison sentences need to be reduced oreliminated for non-violent
crimes and forminor drug offences to free up prisonspace
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Solutions to Prisons
Electronic monitoring devices should beused for some offenders
to allow them toserve sentences outside of prison
Facts should be emphasized in the mediainstead of appeals to
public emotion andfear tactics regarding offenders &
prisons
Public needs to be educated on the factthat violent crimes are a
reflection ofdeeper problems in society, such aspoverty, racism,
troubled home lives, and
lack of support for families in difficulty
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Alternative Prisons
Steps have been taken to improve theconditions of prisons and
focus onrehabilitation
Consider the following Case ExamplesVideo: Bastoy
PrisonNorwayhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGTzbj3fRSw
Text p. 220222William Head Correctional InstitutionCanada
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGTzbj3fRSwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGTzbj3fRSwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGTzbj3fRSwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGTzbj3fRSw
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Reflection Questions
How could the setting and physical designs ofBastoy Prison and
William Head contribute towardthe goal of rehabilitating the
prisoners?
Discuss the features that make these prisons
different from traditional prison institutionsWhy might some
people react negatively to prison
facilities designed this way?
What are your personal opinions regarding thesealternative forms
of prisons?
Do you agree/disagree with their design?
Do you feel it is fair for prisoners to have such
