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9Chapter
Foundations of Individual Behavior
Copyright ©2013 Pearson Education 9-1
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
• Identify the focus and goals of organizational behavior (OB).
• Explain the role that attitudes play in job performance.
• Describe different personality theories.
And …
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Learning Outcomes (cont.)
• Describe perception and the factors that influence it.
• Discuss learning theories and their relevance in shaping behavior.
• Discuss contemporary issues in OB.
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Organizational Behavior
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Goals of Organizational Behavior
Managers need to explain, predict and influence these behaviors:
1. Employee productivity2. Absenteeism3. Turnover4. Organizational citizenship
behavior 5. Job satisfaction6. Workplace misbehavior
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Attitudes and Job Performance
Key attitudes:• Job satisfaction• Job involvement• Organizational
commitment• Employee engagement
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Attitudes and Consistency
Cognitive dissonance is any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.
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Understanding Attitudes
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Personality Theories
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Big Five Model of Personality
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The Big Five factors are:
1. Extraversion2. Agreeableness3. Conscientiousness4. Emotional stability5. Openness to experience
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional intelligence is composed of five dimensions:
1. Self-awareness2. Self-management3. Self-motivation 4. Empathy5. Social skills
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Personality Traits
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Matching Personalities and Jobs
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Personality Attributes and Culture
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Understanding Personality
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Perception
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Judging Employees
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Distorted Attributions
• Say one thing but hear another• Overestimate influence of personal factors• Attribute success to internal factors• Attribute failure to external factors
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Perceptual Shortcuts
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Understanding Perception
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Learning Theories
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• Operant conditioning – Behavior is a function of its consequences.
• Social learning – People can learn through observation and direct experience.
Social Learning Theory
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Shaping Behavior
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Understanding Learning
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Contemporary Issues
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Managerial Challenges
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Negative Behavior in the Workplace
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