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Psychological andPsychiatric
Foundations of Criminal
Behavior
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Forensic PsychologyThe application of the science and profession of psychology to questions and issues relating to law and the legal system
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Also known as criminal psychology
Forensic Psychology
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Forensic Psychiatry
A medical subspecialty that applies psychiatry to the needs of...
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
…crime prevention and solution, criminal rehabilitation, and issues of the criminal law
Forensic Psychiatry
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psychological Theories
The individual is the primary unit of analysis
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Personality is the major motivational element within individuals. It is the seat of drives and the source of motives
Psychological Theories
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psychological Theories
Crimes result from abnormal, dysfunctional, or inappropriate mental processes withinthe personality
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psychological Theories
Criminal behavior may be purposeful for the individual insofar asit addressescertain felt needs
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
• Normality is defined by social consensus
• Defective mental processes may have a variety of causes
Psychological Theories
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Early Psychological Theories
• Behavioral conditioning
• Personality disturbances and diseases of the mind
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Psychopath (Sociopath)
• Does not feel empathy with others
• Is unable to imagine how others think and feel
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Is able to inflict pain and engage in cruelty without empathy for the victim
The Psychopath (Sociopath)
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Antisocial Personality
• Exhibits behavior that brings him or her into conflict with society
• Is basically unsocialized
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Is incapable of significant loyalty to individuals, groups, or social values
Antisocial Personality
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Personality Types
• Psychotics
• Extroverts
• Neurotics
• Introverts© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psychoanalysis
Criminal behavior is maladaptive, or the product of inadequacies inherent in the offender’s personality
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Psychoanalysis
• The Ego
• The Id
• The Superego
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Psychotic Offender
• Is out of touch with reality in some fundamental way
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Crime is a compromise, representing for the individual the most satisfactory method of adjustment…
Crime as Adaptive Behavior
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Crime as Adaptive Behavior
…to inner conflicts which he or she cannot express otherwise
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Modeling Theory
People learn how to act by observing others
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Behavior Theory
Behavior is determined by environmental consequences which it produces for the individual concerned
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Major determinants of behavior are found in the environment surrounding the individual
Behavior Theory
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Attachment Theory
Delinquent behavior arises whenevernon- secure attachments are created
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Self-Control Theory
Low self-control is the premier individual-level cause of crime
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Insanity and the Law
For purposes of the criminal law, insanity is strictly a legal, not a clinical, determination
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
• M’Naughten Rule
• Irresistible Impulse Test
• Durham Rule
• Substantial Capacity Test
Insanity and the Law
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Insanity and the Law
• Brawner Rule
• Guilty but mentally ill (GBMI)
© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.