January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

85th American Meteorological Society Annual MeetingThird Presidential History Symposium

Terri Gregory, Tom Achtor, Tom Haig (ret.), Jean Phillips, Hank Revercomb Space Science and Engineering Center, UW–Madison

From Earth’s Heat Budget to Interferometric Analysis: The Legacy of Verner Suomi and Robert Parent

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Pioneers: Robert Parent, Verner Suomi

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Main Streams

Instruments– Heat (Energy)

Budget– Space Flight

Hardware

Data– Make Useful—

Develop Algorithms

– Analyze– Visualize

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Time Frames

The beginning, from about 1959–1972 From about 1972–1995 What we’re working on now

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Instruments, Beginning

Heat budget– Radiation sensors– Flatplate radiometer

Spin-scan camera

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Instruments

1959—Radiation Sensors

On Explorer VII satellite

Provided useful new data on the global radiation budget

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Instruments—Spin-scan Camera

Spin-scan camera on ATS-I

Begun in 1965,launched 1966

Enabled the first geostationary weather observations

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Satellite Meteorology Begins

Analysis of imagery Algorithm

development

Numerical model development

Data—1969

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data—Late 1960s

Color negative format

Disseminated world-wide

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data—late 1960sPlanetary Meteorology

Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mariner images of Venus

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data—1971First Analysis Software—WINDCO Fast, useful,

inexpensive, accurate

Atmospheric motion measurements

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

The Middle Years, 1972~1992

Instrument development Heat budget

Altimeter BLIS

GOES VAS Interferometry

Software (data) developmentsMcIDAS

Vis5D

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

InstrumentsMiddle Period, Beginning

1971—Inexpensive radio altimeter for Tropical Wind Energy Conversion and Reference Level Experiment

1974—Boundary Layer Instrument for GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Instruments—Middle PeriodSpace Flight Hardware

1974—Orbiting Solar Observatory-8

1990—Hubble Space Telescope High Speed Photometer

1993—Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer

1978—Pioneer Venus, Net Flux Radiometer

1989—Galileo Net Flux Radiometer

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Instruments—1980Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder

Sounder in geostationary orbit Launched on GOES-4 Measured atmospheric moisture and

temperature

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Instruments,1980s to present Interferometers

HIS, concept proven in 1985 AERI Scanning HIS

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Instruments—1990sCalibrating NASA Instruments

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data—1970s and ForwardSSEC Data Center 1974, first

nongovernmental ground station for geostationary satellite data

1977, World Weather Experiment (FGGE), archive satellite wind vectors from cloud heights

1979, became national archive for GOES data

1990, Active Data Archive in EOS Data and Information System

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data, 1980–2000+Scientific Visualization

McIDAS—Man computer Interactive Data Access System

Vis5D—Scientific Visualization in 5 Dimensions

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data—1980sMcIDAS

Videointeractive Data acquisition Data analysis

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data—1980s and 1990sVis5D

Space (three D) Time Atmospheric

parameter

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data—from 1980s Planetary Meteorology

Analysis of Voyager images began in 1980

Ground-based and HST imagery analysis began

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Cloud shadows on Neptune

Data—1980sPlanetary Meteorology

Data, 1990s

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data—Early 1990sHIS Spectra

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Now

Data Instruments Also

– Thriving Polar Studies – Antarctic

Meteorological Research Center

– Ice Coring and Drilling Service

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Global Winds, 2000

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Vision of our Future Advancing Earth Systems Science,

Weather, and Climate with New Observing, Retrieval Science, Computing & Modeling Techniques–Sirice

–Data processing for High-latitude Winds from Molniya Orbit

High spectral resolution and many channel imagers are here to stay–AIRS/ CrIS / IASI, GIFTS / ABS, & MODIS/VIRS

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

High Resolution Winds

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

The Future, ContinuedVisualization

–McIDAS V

Planetary Meteorology and Space Flight Hardware

–Venus mission with Aerostats

–Missing Baryon Explorer

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

GIFTS—Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer

Global sounding in <10 minutes

High-resolution sounding of 6000 x 6000 km in < 30 min

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Data

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

Instruments

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

I want to thank …

Margaret Mooney, SSEC outreach specialist, formerly with the National Weather Service, for listening and guiding

Tim Schmit, NOAA/NESDIS at SSEC, for explaining technical details

My coauthors who thought this topic was interesting enough to pursue

Staff of the Space Science and Engineering Center and Professor Verner E. Suomi, without whom I wouldn’t have a story

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

References “The Man computer Interactive Data Access

System,” Lazzara et al., BAMS, February 1999 “SSEC and Satellites,” Gregory, Space

Capsule, Spring and Winter 1986, publ. SSEC “SSEC Highlights,” Gregory et al.,1999, 2000,

2001, 2002, 2003, publ. on line “SSEC Milestones,” Fox and Gregory,

unpublished “Weather in the Solar System,” Limaye, 2002,

unpublished