January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison 85th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting Third Presidential

January 2005Space Science and Engineering CenterUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison

85th American Meteorological Society Annual MeetingThird Presidential History Symposium

Terri Gregory, Tom Achtor, Tom Haig (ret.), Jean Phillips, Hank Revercomb Space Science and Engineering Center, UW–Madison

From Earth’s Heat Budget to Interferometric Analysis: The Legacy of Verner Suomi and Robert Parent


Pioneers: Robert Parent, Verner Suomi



Main Streams

Instruments– Heat (Energy)

Budget– Space Flight

Hardware

Data– Make Useful—

Develop Algorithms

– Analyze– Visualize


Time Frames

The beginning, from about 1959–1972 From about 1972–1995 What we’re working on now


Instruments, Beginning

Heat budget– Radiation sensors– Flatplate radiometer

Spin-scan camera


Instruments

1959—Radiation Sensors

On Explorer VII satellite

Provided useful new data on the global radiation budget


Instruments—Spin-scan Camera

Spin-scan camera on ATS-I

Begun in 1965,launched 1966

Enabled the first geostationary weather observations


Satellite Meteorology Begins

Analysis of imagery Algorithm

development

Numerical model development

Data—1969


Data—Late 1960s

Color negative format

Disseminated world-wide


Data—late 1960sPlanetary Meteorology

Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mariner images of Venus


Data—1971First Analysis Software—WINDCO Fast, useful,

inexpensive, accurate

Atmospheric motion measurements


The Middle Years, 1972~1992

Instrument development Heat budget

Altimeter BLIS

GOES VAS Interferometry

Software (data) developmentsMcIDAS

Vis5D


InstrumentsMiddle Period, Beginning

1971—Inexpensive radio altimeter for Tropical Wind Energy Conversion and Reference Level Experiment

1974—Boundary Layer Instrument for GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment


Instruments—Middle PeriodSpace Flight Hardware

1974—Orbiting Solar Observatory-8

1990—Hubble Space Telescope High Speed Photometer

1993—Diffuse X-ray Spectrometer

1978—Pioneer Venus, Net Flux Radiometer

1989—Galileo Net Flux Radiometer


Instruments—1980Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer Atmospheric Sounder

Sounder in geostationary orbit Launched on GOES-4 Measured atmospheric moisture and

temperature


Instruments,1980s to present Interferometers

HIS, concept proven in 1985 AERI Scanning HIS


Instruments—1990sCalibrating NASA Instruments


Data—1970s and ForwardSSEC Data Center 1974, first

nongovernmental ground station for geostationary satellite data

1977, World Weather Experiment (FGGE), archive satellite wind vectors from cloud heights

1979, became national archive for GOES data

1990, Active Data Archive in EOS Data and Information System


Data, 1980–2000+Scientific Visualization

McIDAS—Man computer Interactive Data Access System

Vis5D—Scientific Visualization in 5 Dimensions


Data—1980sMcIDAS

Videointeractive Data acquisition Data analysis


Data—1980s and 1990sVis5D

Space (three D) Time Atmospheric

parameter


Data—from 1980s Planetary Meteorology

Analysis of Voyager images began in 1980

Ground-based and HST imagery analysis began


Cloud shadows on Neptune

Data—1980sPlanetary Meteorology

Data, 1990s


Data—Early 1990sHIS Spectra


Now

Data Instruments Also

– Thriving Polar Studies – Antarctic

Meteorological Research Center

– Ice Coring and Drilling Service


Global Winds, 2000


Vision of our Future Advancing Earth Systems Science,

Weather, and Climate with New Observing, Retrieval Science, Computing & Modeling Techniques–Sirice

–Data processing for High-latitude Winds from Molniya Orbit

High spectral resolution and many channel imagers are here to stay–AIRS/ CrIS / IASI, GIFTS / ABS, & MODIS/VIRS


High Resolution Winds


The Future, ContinuedVisualization

–McIDAS V

Planetary Meteorology and Space Flight Hardware

–Venus mission with Aerostats

–Missing Baryon Explorer


GIFTS—Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer

Global sounding in <10 minutes

High-resolution sounding of 6000 x 6000 km in < 30 min


Data


Instruments


I want to thank …

Margaret Mooney, SSEC outreach specialist, formerly with the National Weather Service, for listening and guiding

Tim Schmit, NOAA/NESDIS at SSEC, for explaining technical details

My coauthors who thought this topic was interesting enough to pursue

Staff of the Space Science and Engineering Center and Professor Verner E. Suomi, without whom I wouldn’t have a story


References “The Man computer Interactive Data Access

System,” Lazzara et al., BAMS, February 1999 “SSEC and Satellites,” Gregory, Space

Capsule, Spring and Winter 1986, publ. SSEC “SSEC Highlights,” Gregory et al.,1999, 2000,

2001, 2002, 2003, publ. on line “SSEC Milestones,” Fox and Gregory,

unpublished “Weather in the Solar System,” Limaye, 2002,

unpublished

Documents

January 2005 Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin–Madison 85th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting Third Presidential