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8th Grade ScienceSome images are from www.chem4kids.com
www.middleschoolscience.com 2008
Groups/Families on the Periodic
Table
Groups/Families on the Periodic TableElements on the periodic table can be
grouped into families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family react differently with other elements.
ALKALI METALSGroup 1: Alkali Metals
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
Group Contains: Metals
Electrons in the outer level: 1 (valence electron)
Reactivity: VERY reactive
**Hydrogen is NOT part of this group
Alkali Metals - cont.Sodium (Na)
Atomic # 11 11 P 11 E 12 N
11 P12 N
1 Valence Electron
ALKALINE EARTH METALSGroup 2: Alkaline-Earth Metals
Group Contains: Metals
Electrons in the outer level: 2
Reactivity: VERY reactive, but less reactive than alkali metals
Alkaline-Earth Metals - cont.Magnesium (Mg)
Atomic # 12 12 P 12 E 12 N
12 P12 N
2 Valence Electrons
Alkaline-Earth Metals - cont.
TRANSITION METALSGroups 3-12: Transition Metals
Group Contains: Metals
Electrons in the outer level: 1 or 2
These elements make the transition from metals to metalloids
BORON FAMILY
Group 13: Boron Group
Group Contains: 1 metalloid & 4 metals
Electrons in the outer level: 3
CARBON FAMILY
Group 14: Carbon Group
Group Contains: 1 non metal, 2 metalloids & 2 metals
Electrons in the outer level: 4
NITROGEN FAMILY
Group 15: Nitrogen Group
Group Contains: 2 non metals, 2 metalloids & 1 metal
Electrons in the outer level: 5
OXYGEN FAMILY
Group 16: Oxygen Group
Group Contains: 3 non metals, 1 metalloid & 1 metal
Electrons in the outer level: 6
Halogens
Group 17: Halogens
Group Contains: Nonmetals
Electrons in the outer level: 7
These elements will be VERY REACTIVE nonmetals
Noble Gases
Group 18: Noble Gases
Group Contains: NonMetals
Electrons in the outer level: 8 (2 for Helium)
Reactivity: UNREACTIVE **These elements do not need to bond with other
elements
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TRANSITION METALS – Cont.
From periods 6 & 7
Lanthanides & Actinides
Placed at the bottom of the bottom of the periodic table to keep the table from being too wide
They get their name from the two elements that precede their rows
Hydrogen Group:Hydrogen Stands Alone
Electrons in the outer level: 1 (valence electron)
Reactivity: VERY reactive
Colorless, odorless gas at room temperature
Reacts violently with oxygen
Most abundant element in the universe
**Hydrogen’s properties do not match any one group, so it is in a group by itself
Hydrogen Group – cont.
NonmetalVery reactive
Colorless, odorless gas
Only have 1 valence electron
Similar to Group 17 (Halogens)
Similar to Group 1 (Alkali Metals)
