7.Cell Transport

8/12/2019 7.Cell Transport

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Cellular Transport

Dra. Rini Indyastuti M.Si.



About Cell Membranes

1.All cells have a cellmembrane

2.Functions:

a.Controls what entersand exits the cell tomaintain an internal

balance calledhomeostasis

b.Provides protection andsupport for the cell

TEM picture of a

real cell membrane.



• Semua sel memiliki

membran sel

Fungsi:

Kontrol apa yang masuk

dan keluar dari sel untukmenjaga keseimbangan

internal yang disebut

Homeostasis

Memberikanperlindungan dan

dukungan bagi sel



3.Structure of cell membrane

Lipid B i layer -2 layers ofphospholipids

a.Phosphate head is polar

(water loving)

b.Fatty acid tails non-polar

(water fearing)

c.Proteins embedded in

membrane

About Cell Membranes (continued)

Phospholipid

Lipid Bilayer



• Struktur membran sel

-2 Lapisan ganda lipid

lapisan fosfolipid

Fosfat kepala polar(air cinta)

Asam lemak ekor

non-polar (air takut)

Protein tertanamdalam membran



Proteins

Membrane

movement

animation

Polar heads

love water

& dissolve.

Non-polar

tails hide

from water .

Carbohydrate cell

markers

Fluid Mosaic

Model of the

cell membrane

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/lipids/membrane%20fluidity.swf








• 4. Cell membranes have pores (holes) in ita.Selectively permeable: Allows some

molecules in and keeps other molecules out

b.The structure helps it be selective!

About Cell Membranes (continued)

Pores



• 4. Membran sel

memiliki pori-pori

(lubang) di dalamnya

Selektif permeabel:Memungkinkan

beberapa molekul

dalam dan membuat

molekul lainnyakeluar

Struktur membantu itu

selektif!



Outside of cell

Inside of cell(cytoplasm)

LipidBilayer

Proteins

Transport

Protein Phospholipids

Carbohydratechains

Structure of the Cell Membrane

Go toSection:

Animations

of membrane

structure

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1101

http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1101



Types of Cellular Transport

• Passive Transport

cell doesn’t use energy

1. Diffusion

2. Facilitated Diffusion

3. Osmosis

• Active Transport

cell does use energy1. Protein Pumps

2. Endocytosis

3. Exocytosis

high

low

This is

gonnabe hard

work!!

high

low

Weeee!!

!

• Animations of Active

Transport & Passive

Transport

http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/transport1.html

http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/transport1.html



Passive Transport• cell uses no energy

• molecules move randomly

• Molecules spread out from an area of

high concentration to an area of low

concentration.

• (HighLow)

• Three types:



• sel tidak menggunakan energi

molekul bergerak secara acak

Molekul menyebar keluar dari daerah

konsentrasi tinggi ke daerah konsentrasirendah.

(High Rendah)

Tiga jenis:



3 Types of Passive Transport

1. Diffusion

2. Facilitative Diffusion – diffusion with

the help of transport proteins

3. Osmosis – diffusion of water



• Difusi

Fasilitatif Difusi - difusi dengan bantuan

protein transpor

Osmosis - difusi air



Passive Transport:

1. Diffusion

1. Diffusion: random movementof particles from an area of

high concentration to an

area of low concentration. (High to Low )

• Diffusion continues until all

molecules are evenly spaced(equilibrium is reached)-Note:

molecules will still move around

but stay spread out.http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

Simple Diffusion

Animation

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/diffusion.swf






• Difusi: pergerakan acak

partikel dari daerah

konsentrasi tinggi ke

daerah konsentrasi

rendah.(Tinggi ke Rendah)

Difusi berlanjut sampai

semua molekul merata

jarak (ekuilibriumtercapai)-Catatan:

molekul akan masih

bergerak di sekitar tetapi

tinggal menyebar.



2. Facilitated diffusion:diffusion of specific particlesthrough transportproteins found in the

membranea.Transport Proteins are

specific – they “select”only certain molecules

to cross the membraneb.Transports larger or

charged molecules

Facilitated

diffusion (Channel

Protein)

Diffusion

(Lipid

Bilayer)

Passive Transport:

2. Facilitated Diffusion

Carrier Protein

A B

•



• 2. Difasilitasi difusi: difusi

partikel tertentu melalui

transportasi protein yang

ditemukan di dalam

membranTransport Protein adalah

spesifik - mereka "pilih"

hanya molekul-molekul

tertentu untukmenyeberangi membran

Transports molekul yang

lebih besar atau

dibebankan



High Concentration

Low Concentration

Cell Membrane

Glucosemolecules

Protein

channel

Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion

Go toSection:

Transport

ProteinThrough a

Cellular Transport From a-High

Low

• Channel Proteins

animations

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/channel.swf

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/channel.swf



• 3.Osmosis: diffusion ofwater through a

selectively permeable

membrane• Water moves from high

to low concentrations

•Water moves freelythrough pores.

•Solute (green) to large

to move across.

Osmosis

animation

Passive Transport:

3. Osmosis

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/osmosis.swf

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/osmosis.swf



• 3.Osmosis: difusi

air melalui

membran

permeabel selektif Air bergerak dari

konsentrasi tinggi

ke rendah



Osmosis: Solutions



Active Transport

•cell uses energy

•actively moves molecules to where they are

needed

•Movement from an area of low concentration

to an area of high concentration

•(Low High)

•Three Types:



• sel menggunakan energi

molekul bergerak secara aktif di mana

mereka dibutuhkan

Gerakan dari daerah konsentrasi rendahke daerah konsentrasi tinggi

( Rendah Tinggi)

Tiga Jenis:

Sodium

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/secondary%20active%20transport.swf




Types of Active Transport

1. Protein Pumps -

transport proteins that

require energy to dowork

•Example: Sodium /

Potassium Pumps

are important in nerveresponses.

Sodium

Potassium Pumps

(Active Transport

using proteins)

Protein changesshape to move

molecules: this

requires energy!







• 1. Pompa-transportasi protein protein yang

membutuhkan energi untuk melakukan

pekerjaan

Contoh: Natrium / Kalium Pompa sangatpenting dalam respons saraf



Sodium Potassium Pumps




• 2. Endocytosis: taking

bulky material into a cell

• Uses energy

• Cell membrane in-foldsaround food particle

• “cell eating ”

• forms food vacuole &digests food

• This is how white blood

cells eat bacteria!





Endocytosis

• Endocytos is is the process of taking

materials into the cell that are too large to

pass through the cell membrane

(phagocytosis), liquids that can notdiffuse through the membrane

(pinocytosis), or special molecules which

bind to surface receptors on the cellmembrane (receptor-mediated

endocytosis).



• Endositosis adalah proses mengambil ke

dalam sel bahan yang terlalu besar untuk

melewati membran sel (fagositosis), cairan

yang tidak dapat menyebar melaluimembran (pinocytosis), atau khusus untuk

molekul yang mengikat reseptor pada

permukaan membran sel (reseptorditengahi endositosis).






3. Exocytosis: Forcesmaterial out of cell in bulk

• membrane surrounding the

material fuses with cellmembrane

• Cell changes shape – requires energy

• EX: Hormones orwastes released fromcell

Endocytosis &Exocytosis

animations

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/cellstructures/phagocitosis.swf








Exocytosis

• Exocytosis is the

movement of

materials out of the

cell for secretion orgetting rid of cellular

waste. It is the

reverse of

phagocytosis orreceptor- mediated

endocytosis.



• Exocytosis adalah

pergerakan material

keluar dari sel untuk

membuang sekresiatau limbah seluler.

Ini adalah kebalikan

dari fagositosis atau

endositosis yangdiperantarai reseptor.



Effects of Osmosis on Life

• Osmosis- diffusion of water through a

selectively permeable membrane

• Water is so small and there is so muchof it the cell can’t control it’s movement

through the cell membrane.



• Difusi-osmosis air melalui membran

permeabel selektif

Air adalah begitu kecil dan ada begitu

banyak sel itu tidak dapat mengendalikan

gerakan ini melalui selaput sel.

H t i S l ti• Osmosis

Animations for

http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/Cells/Osmosis.htm




Hypotonic Solution

Hypotonic : The solution has a lower concentration of

solutes and a higher concentration of water thaninside the cell. (Low solute; High water)

Result: Water moves from the solution to inside the

cell): Cell Swells and bursts open (cytolysis)!

Animations forisotonic, hypertonic,

and hypotonicsolutions





Hipertonik: Solusi memiliki konsentrasi yang lebih



pe to So us e o se t as ya g eb

tinggi zat terlarut dan konsentrasi yang lebih

rendah daripada air di dalam sel. (High terlarut;

Rendah air)

Hasil: Air bergerak daridalam sel ke dalam larutan:

Cell menyusut

(Plasmolisis)!

• Osmosis Animations for





Isotonic Solution

Isotonic : The concentration of solutes in the solution

is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

Result: Water moves equally in both directions and

the cell remains same size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)

isotonic, hypertonic,and hypotonic

solutions



Isotonik: Konsentrasi zat terlarut dalam larutan

sama dengan konsentrasi zat terlarut di dalam sel.

Result: Water movesequally in both directions

and the cell remains same

size! (Dynamic Equilibrium)

What type of solution are these cells in?



What type of solution are these cells in?

A CB

Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic

How Organisms Deal • Paramecium

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/movies/paramecium/para%20cont.mov





How Organisms Deal

with Osmotic Pressure(protist) removingexcess watervideo

•Bacteria and plants have cell walls that prevent themfrom over-expanding. In plants the pressure exerted on

the cell wall is called tugor pressure.

• A protist like paramecium has contractile vacuoles thatcollect water flowing in and pump it out to prevent them

from over-expanding.

•Salt water fish pump salt out of their specialized gills sothey do not dehydrate.

• Animal cells are bathed in blood. Kidneys keep the

blood isotonic by remove excess salt and water.











• Bakteri dan tumbuhan memiliki dinding sel yang

mencegah mereka dari atas-berkembang. Pada

tumbuhan tekanan yang diberikan pada dinding sel

disebut tekanan tugor.

Sebuah Protista seperti paramecium memiliki vakuolakontraktil yang mengumpulkan air yang mengalir di

dalam dan pompa itu untuk mencegah mereka dari atas-

berkembang.

Pompa ikan air garam garam keluar dari insang khususmereka sehingga mereka tidak mengalami dehidrasi.

Sel-sel hewan yang bermandikan darah. Ginjal membuat

darah isotonik dengan menghilangkan kelebihan garam

dan air.



Thank You

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7.Cell Transport