CE3001 ASSIGNMENT – 2012/2013

PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AN EXHIBITION CENTRE IN HYDE PARK

Distribution to students: 17 October 2012Deadline for submission: Thursday 20/12/2012 at 12:00

Weighting: 40%

1. Aim and learning outcomes

The aim of the assignment is to assess students’ ability to effectively and correctly apply computer aided analysis and FEA to design and analyse structures.

Learning outcomes for the assessment are as follows:

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of how structures respond to loading actions in terms of deformation and internal stresses under serviceability loads and up to failure

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the methods to conduct elastic analysis of framed structures choosing appropriate models

Be able to apply concepts and theories of structural analysis to design and verify structures using concept design, approximate analysis and a computer code

Develop competence in the design of structures and be able to discuss the design of a structure in a technical report

Develop competence in the use of computer aided design and analysis.

2. The problem

A preliminary design and analysis is required for a building in the north-east area of Hyde Park, London, which will host a space for exhibition, a café and a recreation area for children.

The following design constraints and objectives are given.

The maximum area which can be used is a 50 x 50 m2 square1 located as shown in Figure 1.

The maximum height of the building is 11 m above ground level. The maximum number of floors2 which the building can have is 2. The building should have three indoor areas, each 250 m2 in area for: (i) exhibition

space (ii) a café and (iii) a children’s recreation area. 1 Note that this is a maximum value and not a target. In fact, even if one floor only is used, it should cover an area of 750 m2, which is much less than the available 2500 m2. However, you may need extra space for external parts of the structure which may extend beyond the covered area.2 Also for the height and the number of floors the maximum values are not a target at all. One or two floors are equally acceptable choices. 5 or 11 m of height are equally valid choices, too.

CE3001 - Assignment Brief - Academic responsible: Dr G. Alfano

The budget is reasonably high but not infinite. A reasonable strength-to-weight ratio should be considered. Regardless of the structure to be designed, you should assume that a very stiff and

sufficiently strong reinforced-concrete raft foundation is used with its top surface 1 meter below ground level. The raft foundation should neither be calculated nor included in the analysis apart from assuming that it’s bending and membrane stiffness values are infinite and any settlement in the ground can be ignored.

It can be assumed that the ground level is flat after the works are completed.

3. Submission and description of tasks

Your task is to create a computer model of the structure for design and analysis using SAP2000 and to produce a written report.

You should submit both to TPO and using Blackboard Learn3:

- One electronic copy of the SAP2000 database file (extension SDB) including model, restraints and load cases/combinations

- One electronic copy of the report in Word

You should also submit to TPO:

- One hard copy of the report (identical to the electronic copy).

The layout of the report must be as described below.

3 In the case of a discrepancy between the submission to TPO and to u-link, the submission to TPO will be considered. Both submissions will have to be made before the stated deadline. Also, while it we appreciate that this double submission requires more of your time, please consider that this is done in your interest too, because this should minimise the risk of invalid submission due to corrupted files or pages lost.

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CE3001 - Assignment Brief - Academic responsible: Dr G. Alfano

3.1 Formatting the report & number of pages

A4 paper should be used only throughout the report.

2cm margins should be used for Top, Bottom, Right and Left.

Arial 12pt font should be used for the text with 1.5 lines spacing.

Maximum number of pages = 12.5, including cover page but excluding references. The breakdown of how the report is to be laid out, including maximum numbers of pages and words is described in the next section.

Where possible, text should be limited so that it is clear and concise and bullet points should be used.

3.2 Layout of report

The report will feature 6 sections plus a cover page, as summarised in the table below:

Section Description Page limit

Cover Cover page with name and title 1 page

1 Design Description 4 pages

2 Definition of model and calcs. of loads 2 pages

3 Qualitative and approximate analysis 2 pages

4 Selected results - design and analysis 3 pages

5 Conclusions ½ page

6 References Unlimited

Cover page (1 page)

To include:

title of the assignment,

Student name and ID number

3D picture of the structural model exported from SAP2000.

Section 1 - Design Description (4 pages maximum)

Section 1.1 - Drawings (3 pages maximum)

One plan view and two cross sections.

Section 1.2 - Description of the structure (1 page maximum)

In a concise and clear manner, preferably using bullet points, describe:

The proposed structure

How it meets the design objectives and constraints.

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CE3001 - Assignment Brief - Academic responsible: Dr G. Alfano

Brief description of the joints, so that later in Section 2.1 the model assumptions (e.g. restraints, end-releases), can be justified.

Important points to note:

1. No detailed drawing of any architectural design should be included in the report.

2. The main aspects of the non-structural design and the floor system(s) should only be described in the text of this section in relation to how they affected or inspired the structural design and with a view to providing enough information to justify the computation of the values of the permanent loads in Section 2.2.

3. If you have had any source of inspiration for your design include few lines of acknowledgement of this and quote and include in the list of references any relevant book, article or website as appropriate, but do not add any pictures. You are not specifically asked to be inspired by any existing structure whereby it would be equally accepted that your design is entirely original or that you cannot recognise any clear source of inspiration for it.

Section 2 - Definition of model and calculations of loads (2 pages maximum in total4)

Section 2.1 - Model assumptions (1/2 page maximum)

To include:

1. Type of elements used (e.g., frame/cable, shell, etc ..),

2. Whether or not end releases are used and why,

3. The restraints applied,

4. Assumptions influenced by joint selections.

Section 2.2 - Applied loads (1 page maximum, including 100 words maximum. Use equations!)

Load cases considered,

Load combinations used,

Estimate floor dimensions by approximate analysis and/or based on the manufacturer specifications (e.g., if precast floors are used) for the purpose of determining the permanent loads on the structure.

Only vertical loads (including snow) should be quantitatively considered in the analysis. Permanent and imposed loads should be estimated based on the guidance given in Eurocode 1.

4 Just to avoid any doubt: “in total” means that the sum of Sections 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 should be not more than 3 pages. Hence, each section should be quite less than that, but you are free to use more than one page for one section and compensate with another section which is shorter than one page. Not complying with these and the other page limits or with the other formatting instructions will lead to less marks, in accordance with marking criterion 6 below.

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CE3001 - Assignment Brief - Academic responsible: Dr G. Alfano

Section 2.3 - Wind load (1/2 page maximum, and use bullet points)

In this section the wind action should be discussed qualitatively by describing how it can be included in the analysis and whether it is expected that the structural scheme used would be effective (possibly changing some cross section dimensions) or some major changes in the structural design are required.

Section 3 - Qualitative and approximate analysis (2 pages maximum, 150 words maximum, for the rest use sketches and equations)

In this section, describe the qualitative structural behaviour and provide an approximate estimation of the order of magnitude of two quantities which can be one of the three cases below:

One significant stress-resultant and one significant reaction component,

Two significant stress-resultants,

Two significant reaction components.

You must include simple sketches, which can be hand-drawn.

Aspects of the structural behaviour that you are expected to consider in this section include but are not necessarily limited to:

whether structural members operate mainly or completely in bending, in tension/compression (or as membrane), or with a combination of the two;

whether the overall behaviour of the structure can be approximated with a simplified scheme or with a clever combination of schemes, possibly making efficient use of fundamental concepts such as the flexibility method (i.e. force method) and/or the stiffness method (i.e. displacement method);

whether part of the deformed configuration of the structure can be qualitatively predicted with sound arguments.

Section 4 - Selected results of the design and analysis (3 pages maximum, 150 words maximum and use diagrams and tables)

In this section, select suitable results in terms of stress-resultant diagrams/values and, if useful, reactions should be reported. In particular you should include:

a comparison between the qualitative aspect of the results and the qualitative behaviour discussed in Section 3;

a comparison between the values of the stress-resultant(s) and/or reaction(s) computed in an approximate way in Section 3 and those obtained using SAP2000 and reported in this Section.

If useful to validate the approximate analysis of Section 3, in this section you can also report selected results in terms of deformed configuration.

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CE3001 - Assignment Brief - Academic responsible: Dr G. Alfano

Only the cross-section dimensions of the structural elements used should be designed and the results of the verification of such dimensions should be reported in this section for not more than 3 critical cross-sections. Such dimensions should be computed and verified using appropriate but simple and approximate methods.

Section 5 - Conclusions (half page maximum)

Summary of the project

Section 6 - References (no limits)

4. Assessment criteria

The following criteria will be used for assessment:

Criterion Weight Relevant parts of the submission

1 Correct creation of the model. Correct choice and justification of the model assumptions. Correct determination and application of loading actions and restraints. Correct qualitative discussion of the wind load.

30% Model file;

Section 2.

2 Correct description of the structural behaviour. 15% Section 3

3 Approximate estimation of two stress resultants or reaction components.

10% Section 3

4 Correct discussion of the results in comparison with the approximate analysis of Section 3

10% Section 4

5 Fulfilment of design objectives and constraints and creativity of the design5

15% Section 1

6 Presentation and overall clarity of the report. Compliance with page limits.

Completeness of the report6.

Absence of very significant errors or unreasonable arguments, statements, design choices or conclusions7.

20% Entire report, including cover page, all sections and reference.

5 Note that although creativity is assessed and therefore encouraged, the structural scheme should be simple enough for you to be able to understand its behaviour and conduct its approximate analysis, which affect criteria 2, 3 and 4.6 This means that if part of a section or an entire section is missing an additional penalty will be applied based on criterion 6.7 For example, if as a result of the analysis the dimensions calculated for a cross section are totally unreasonable, although cross-section dimensioning accounts for a limited part of criterion 4, therefore for few percentages of the overall assessment, an additional penalty may be added

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CE3001 - Assignment Brief - Academic responsible: Dr G. Alfano

5. Indicative reading list1. D.M. Brohn. Understanding Structural Analysis. 2. R.C. Coates, M.G. Coutie and F.K. Kong. Structural Analysis. Chapman & Hall,

1988.3. M.S.Williams and J.D.Todd. 2000. Structures: theory and analysis, Macmillan4. A. Ghali, A.M. Neville. Structural Analysis. A Unified Classical and Matrix Approach.

Chapman & Hall, 1983.5. T.H.G. Megson. Structural and Stress Analysis. Elsevier Butterworth Heineman,

2005.6. Hambly, E. (1994) Structural analysis by example, Archimedes, Berkhampsted7. Lecture notes provided on u-link8. Web links provided on u-link9. SAP2000 User Manual.

based on criterion 6.

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