7094_s13_qp_2

This document consists of 22 printed pages, 2 blank pages and an insert.

DC (NF/SW) 73218/5 R UCLES 2013 [Turn over

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONSGeneral Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

*0428799697*

BANGLADESH STUDIES 7094/02Paper 2 Environment and Development of Bangladesh May/June 2013 1 hour 30 minutesAdditional Materials: Insert

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the boxes above.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use a pencil for any sketch maps, diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE ON ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided.If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.

Answer three questions.You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each question.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.The Insert contains Photograph A for Question 2.

The Insert is not required by the Examiner.

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1 (a) Study the map of Bangladesh (Fig. 1) and name the following features.

0

0 30 60 kms

20 40 miles

N

A

B

D

E

C

Fig. 1

area A .......................................................................................................................

river B .......................................................................................................................

main crop grown in area C .......................................................................................

power generated at D ...............................................................................................

hills E ................................................................................................................... [5]

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(b) (i) Study Fig. 2, which shows arsenic pollution of groundwater in parts per billion.

N

00 30 60 kms

20 40 miles

over 1000 ppb500 1000 ppb50 499 ppbunder 50 ppb

Pollution levelKey

Fig. 2

Using Fig. 2, describe the distribution of arsenic pollution levels in Bangladesh.

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............................................................................................................................. [4] (ii) Explain how groundwater becomes polluted with arsenic.

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(iii) What effects does arsenic pollution have on the people who drink the water? ..................................................................................................................................

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............................................................................................................................. [2] (c) Study Fig. 3, a climate graph of Bogra.

J F M0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400mm rainfall

30temperature C

20

10

A M J Jmonths

A S O N D

Fig. 3

(i) What is the highest temperature? ......................................... C [1] (ii) Which month has the lowest temperature? ......................................... [1] (iii) What is the highest rainfall? ......................................... mm [1] (iv) Which month has the lowest rainfall? ................................................. [1] (v) Explain why there are seasonal variations in the climate.

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(d) Study the two statements below.

A The climate of Bangladesh is ideal for growing crops. B Many problems are caused for farmers by Bangladeshs climate.

(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.

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(ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.

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(iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.

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[Total: 25]

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2 (a) (i) Study Photograph A on the Insert, which is a satellite image of part of the Padma (Ganges) delta.

Describe the river features seen in the photograph.

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(ii) Explain how a delta, such as the Padma (Ganges), is formed.

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(b) (i) Study Fig. 4, which shows areas of drought and coastal floods.

0

0 30 60 kms

20 40 miles

N

drought

coastal floods

Key

Fig. 4

Describe the location of areas affected by drought and coastal floods.

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(ii) Explain how coastal floods are caused.

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(iii) What can people and organisations do to limit the damage caused by coastal floods?

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(c) Study the two statements below.

A Climate change is causing heavier and less reliable rainfall. B Climate change is causing less rainfall.


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(iii) In your opinion, which pattern of climate change poses the greater threat to Bangladesh, A or B? Give reasons for your answer.

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[Total: 25]

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3 (a) (i) Aquaculture is also known as the Blue Revolution. What is aquaculture?

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(ii) Study Fig. 5, a graph of aquaculture production in Bangladesh.

19700

200

400

600

800

1000

1975 1980 1985 1990years

1995 2000 2005

thousand tonnes

Fig. 5

Using Fig. 5, describe the general trends in aquaculture production in Bangladesh.

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(iii) Why is aquaculture important to the people of Bangladesh?

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(b) (i) What is meant by sustainable development?

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(ii) Explain how the sustainable development of natural resources, such as forests, can be achieved.

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(c) (i) Study Fig. 6, which shows coal production in Bangladesh.

2002

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

02003 2004 2005 2006

years2007 2008 2009

thousand short tonnes

Fig. 6

Using Fig. 6, describe the changes in coal production between 2002 and 2009.

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(ii) How can the use of coal help to reduce deforestation?

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(d) There were many differing opinions when it was proposed to open a new coal mine at Phulbari. Below are two different views.

I do not want to losemy home and fieldsto a coal mine.

local farmer government official

Coal under theground is worthmore than growingrice on the surface.

(i) Give one piece of evidence in support of the farmer.

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(ii) Give one piece of evidence in support of the government official.

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(iii) Which opinion do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.

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[Total: 25]

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4 (a) (i) Study Fig. 7, a graph of the production of two food crops, wheat and pulses, between 1989 and 2010.

2000thousand tonnes

1500

1000

500

01990 1995 2000

years2005 2010

wheatpulses

Key

Fig. 7

Using Fig. 7, compare the production of wheat and pulses, noting the differences and similarities.

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(ii) Explain how technological advances, such as the Green Revolution, may have caused the changes in wheat production between 1989 and 1999.

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(b) Study Fig. 8, which shows simple technology that helps farmers to grow crops on the infertile sand bars (chars).

A pit is dug into thesand bar, one metredeep and one metre

in diameter.

After a few days, fourto six seeds are placed

into the sack.

One jute sack filled with compost is placed in the hole. In some areas, farmers are able to use compost generated fromthe previous years crop, making the programme sustainable.

At harvest time, farmers should beable to reap up to ten gourds orpumpkins from each pit.

Fig. 8

Explain how the farmers can grow crops in the infertile sand.

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(c) Complete the table below to compare a cottage industry and a large-scale industry.

cottage industry large scale industry

example................................................ ................................................ [2]

labour................................................

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[2]

machinery................................................

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export and earnings ................................................

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(d) Study the two statements below.

A It is important to encourage more cottage industries to reduce unemployment. B Investment in large-scale industries is necessary for Bangladeshs continuing

development.


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(iii) In your opinion, which statement will be the more beneficial to Bangladesh? Give reasons for your answer.

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[Total: 25]

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5 (a) (i) Study Fig. 9, which shows the percentage of the population living in rural and urban areas in Bangladesh.

0 50 100 %

2009

1999

1989years

1979

1969

rural urbanKey

Fig. 9

On Fig. 9, complete the bar for 2009 when 73% lived in rural areas and 27% lived in urban areas. (It has been left blank for you to fill in.) [2]

(ii) What does Fig. 9 show about the changes to rural and urban populations in Bangladesh?

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(iii) What are the effects in rural and urban areas of the changes shown in Fig. 9?in rural areas ............................................................................................................

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in urban areas ..........................................................................................................

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(b) (i) Study Fig. 10, which shows the population structure of Bangladesh in 1979 and 2009.

0 14 years15 64 years65+ years

19790%

50%

75% 25%

2009

Key

0%

50%

75% 25%

Fig. 10

Using Fig. 10, describe the changes that took place in each age group between 1979 and 2009.

014 years ................................................................................................................

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1564 years ..............................................................................................................

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65+ years .................................................................................................................

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(ii) Explain how improvements in health care have led to the changes in the 014 years age group that you described in (b)(i).

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(iii) Give one reason for the change in the 65+ age group.

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(c) (i) Study Fig. 11, which shows the percentage of children at secondary school in three countries in 1973 and 2003.

50% %

40

30

20

10

0

50

40

30

20

10

0

Bang

ladesh Ind

ia

Pakis

tan

1973Key

2003

Fig. 11

Using Fig. 11, describe how the percentage of children in secondary schools in Bangladesh changed compared to India and Pakistan.

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(ii) In Bangladesh, the percentage of children in primary schools is 95%. Why is there such a decrease when children go to secondary school?

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(iii) Why is secondary education important?

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(d) Developing occupational skills is more important than university qualifications for the economic development of Bangladesh.

How far do you agree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer and examples where possible.

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[Total: 25]

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Additional Page

If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.

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Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 1(b)(i) adapted: http://www.nvo.com/ghosh_research/arseniccontaminationinthebengalbasin1.Question 2(a)(i) NASA.Question 2(b)(i) adapted: http://climatechangepsychology.blogspot.com/2010/12/deborah-phelan-bangladesh-cop16-real.html.Question 3(a)(ii) adapted: http://www.fao.org/fi/figis/graphs/countrysector/Aquaculture/16.gif.Question 4(a)(i) adapted: http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=bd&commodity=wheat&graph=production.Question 4(b) adapted: http://praticalaction.org/appeal_bangladeshcompost.Question 5(a)(i) adapted: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/school-enrolment-secondary-percent-gross-wb-data-html.

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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