7 Monograph Migration Urbanization

7/31/2019 7 Monograph Migration Urbanization

1/140H N, 2011

Ministry of Planning and investMent

General StatiSticS Office

Hn, 2011

VietNam PoPulatioN aNd HousiNg CeNsus 2009

Migration and Urbanization in VietnaM:Patterns, trends and dierentials


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MIGRATION & URBANIZATION IN VIETNAM: Patterns, trends and diff erentials

Preface

th Vn Ppn n Hn Cn 2009 w cnc 00:00 n 1 apr, 2009 nr

Pr mnr dcn N. 94/2008/Qd-tt 10 Jy 2008. th w h rh ppn

cn n h hr hn cn cnc n Vn nc 1975. th prp h cn

w cc bc nrn n ppn n hn h sc Rpbc Vn r

nn vpn pnnn r h pr 20112020.

B The 2009 Vietnam Population and Housing Census: Major Findings rpr pbh n Jy

2010, n-ph ny prn ncn brh, h, rn, rbnzn, -

x rcr h ppn, n cn w nrkn prv prn nrn

b h crrn w pprpr pcy rcnn r h .

th nrph M U Vm: P, t d

w vp n h h 15% p rvy whch w nc n h 2009 Cn

n rr prv rr wh h p-- nrn b Vn rn n

rbnzn n.any rv n ncrn rn n rn n bh b n rv r, n rn

cnrbn rn rbn r, pcy h rr rbn r. mrn cnrb

pvy rn nv w vpn h pc nn, hwvr,

y hv cnrb ncrn c-cnc pr bwn h pc rn

n pc nn, bwn rr n rbn r, n n rn. in pr wh

nrzn n rbnzn prc, ppn n rbn r rwn rny. urbn

rn hv r vn cpr rr rn n h vpn prc. Hwvr,

h n vr-rbnzn n Vn h n n whch pr h rbn

ppn nb cc bc c, vn n h vp c ch Hn r H

Ch mnh Cy. th nrph prv rcnn r vpn pc h py

r nn crrn rn n rbnzn prn n Vn k r rnn rbnzn cnrb n h b wy pb rwh n c-cnc vpn

n Vn.

th Vn gnr sc oc w k xpr pc hnk h un Nn

Ppn Fn r hr nnc n chnc ppr n h 2009 Vn Nn Ppn

n Hn Cn, pcy r ny n prprn h nrph. W w

k xpr r ncr hnk dr. Nyn thnh l, in Ppn, Hh n

dvpn n dr. Nyn H mnh, in r Fy n gnr s nr h Vn

acy sc scnc r hr r r n nyzn n vpn h nrph.

or r hr nn n nrnn xpr, uNFPa , n gso

r hr hr wrk n vb np rn h vpn h nrph, n hinrnn ornzn n mrn (iom) n uNHaBitat r prvn cn n r

h nrph.

W r hnr nrc pc pbcn wh n n-ph k n rn n

rbnzn, whch nw pc nr n rrchr, nr, n pcy kr

w h wh cy. W k rwr yr bck n cn n h nrph

prv h qy r gso pbcn.

Vm g s o


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cOntentS

Preace 3

contents 5

list o tables 7

list o igUres 9

list o MaP 11

abbreViations 12

abstract 13

chaPter 1: backgroUnd and Methodology 15

1. Bckrn 15

2. objcv h y 16

3. mhy 16

4. srcr h nrph 18

chaPter 2: Patterns, trends and dierentials in Migration 19

1. Bc cncp n nn 19

2. Prn rn vr 21

3. mrn fw bwn rbn n rr r 25

4. a cvy rn 28

5. Rn vrn n rn 30

6. mrn br n vn nr 41

7. mrn n chn 46

8. mrn n hn 49

chaPter 3: Urbanization and Urban growth 57

1. Bc cncp 60

2. urbnzn n Vn 61

3. urbn ppn: rbn n chn n z 63

4. urbn chrcrc 67

5. urbnzn rn n prpc 88


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6 MIGRATION & URBANIZATION IN VIETNAM: Patterns, trends and di fferentials

chaPter 4: Migration and Urbanization 95

1. mrn n rbn ppn 95

2. mrn by r rbn r 96

chaPter 5: conclUsions and Policy iMPlications 99

1. Ky r rn n pcy pcn 99

2. urbnzn n Vn n pcy pcn 101

3. Cncn rrk 103

reerences 105

aPPendix o tables 107


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list o tablestb 2.1: mrn n nn-rn ppn by yp rn, 1989-2009 21

tb 2.2: ann ppn rwh r by yp rn, 1989-2009 23

tb 2.3: Ppn n rcr rn ppn 5 r r h pc nn by yp rn fw n cn yr, 1999-2009 25

tb 2.4: Prvnc wh h n r nbr n nr-prvnc rn, 2009 40

tb 2.5: Prvnc wh h n r nr-prvnc

rn prprn h ppn, 2009 41

tb 3.1: urbn hr ppn by rn, 2009 63

tb 3.2: urbn hr ppn by cy z: Vn, 1979-2009 64

tb 3.3: urbn ppn n H Ch mnh Cy n H N: 1979-2009 66

tb 3.4: dpnncy r n rbn r (by r rbn r) n rbn/rr rnc, 2009 69

tb 3.5: drbn hh z n rbn r (by r rbn r) n rr r, 2009 69

tb 3.6: sx r n rbn r by , rbn r (by r rbn r) n rr r, 2009 71

tb 3.7: Prprn nvr-rr by , x, rbn r

(by r rbn r) n rr r, 2009 72

tb 3.8: srcr cn nn n pp 5 n r n rbn

r (by r rbn r) n rr r, 2009 76

tb 3.9: srcr chnc qcn h ppn 15 n r nrbn r (by r rbn r) n rr r, 2009 78

tb 3.10: Prprn pp 15 n r wh nc rnn jb n h 7 y

br h 2009 Cn by x, pyn cr n r rbn r 81

tb 3.11: unpyn r n h ppn n rbn r (by r rbn r)

n rr r, 2009 83

tb 3.12: Prprn hh wh rn hn chrcrc n rbn r

(by r rbn r) n rr r, 2009 85

tb 3.13: Prprn hh wh vr hh n, by r

rbn r, 2009 86

tb 3.14: urbn hr ppn by prvnc, 1989, 1999 n 2009 88

tb 4.1: mrn ppn n rn hr ppn n ch r

rbn r, 2009 97


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tb a-2.1: mrn n crrpnn nn-rn ppn z n h vr

ppn, 1989-2009 107

tb a-2.2: mrn n crrpnn nn-rn hr h ppn, 1989-2009 108

tb a-2.3: sx rcr rn yp rn n crrpnn nn-rn,

1989-2009 109

tb a-2.4: mrn fw bwn rr n rbn r, 1999-2009 110

tb a-2.5: sx rcr ppn by yp rn n fw rn

bwn rbn n rr r, 1999-2009 111

tb a-2.6: mn n n rn n nn-rn ppn by x, 1989-2009 112

tb a-2.7: mrn n crrpnn nn-rn ppn z n hr n h

vr ppn by x n rn, 2009 113

tb a-2.8: N n n r nr-prvnc rn by rbn/rr rnc

n rn, 2009 114

tb a-2.9: inr-prvnc rn by rn, 20042009 115

tb a-2.10: inrn rn hr (%) h ppn by prvnc 116

tb a-2.11: Nbr nrn rn by prvnc 119

tb a-2.12: inr-prvnc rn by rbn/rr crrn pc rnc n prvnc 122

tb a-2.13: Hh vn nr n 2009 by yp rn 125

tb a-2.14: trn br n pp 15 55 by yp rn 126

tb a-2.15: sch nnc chrn 6 10 by yp rn n nr 127

tb a-2.16: sch nnc chrn 11 18 by yp rn n nr 128

tb a-2.17: Hn by yp rn 129

tb a-2.18: acc wr r rnkn n ckn by yp rn 130

tb a-2.19: acc hync c by yp rn, 1999-2009 131

tb a-3.1: l rbn r n Vn, 2009 132

tb a-3.2: l rnn prvnc wn 133

tb a-3.3: Prprn h ppn n rbn r r c rn h wr: 1970-2000 134

tb a-3.4: Prprn h ppn n rbn r r sh a:

1970-2000 by cnry 135

tb a-3.5: ann rwh r rbn ppn n sh a by cnry 136

tb a-3.6: urbn cnr hvn r hn 100 000 ppn: 1979- 2009 137

tb a-3.7. Prcn nvr-rr by x n : 1989, 1999 n 2009 139


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list o igUres

Fr 2.1: Pc rnc 5 yr prr h h Cn n yp rn 20

Fr 2.2: mrn prprn h ppn vr , 1989-2009 22

Fr 2.3: mrn n nn-rn ppn, 1999-2009 n prjcn 2019 24

Fr 2.4: Prprn by yp rn n yr, 1989-2009 25

Fr 2.5: mrn fw bwn rbn n rr r, 1999-2009 n prjcn 2019 26

Fr 2.6: th hr rn nn r ppn by yp rn fw,

1999-2009 n prjcn 2019 27

Fr 2.7: Prprn by yp rn n rn fw bwn rbn

n rr r, 1999-2009 27

Fr 2.8: Ppn pyr rn yp rn n nn-rn, 2009 28

Fr 2.9: mn by nr n yp rn, 1989-2009 29

Fr 2.10: Ppn pyr r rn by yp rn fw bwn rbn

n rr r, 2009 30

Fr 2.11: mrn prprn ppn by nrv rn, 2009 31

Fr 2.12: in-rn, -rn, n n-rn ppn n h v yr

prcn h 2009 Cn r nr-prvnc rn by rn 32

Fr 2.13: in-rn, -rn, n n-rn ppn n h v yrprcn h 1999 Cn r nr-prvnc rn by rn 33

Fr 2.14: in-rn, -rn, n n-rn ppn vr h v yr

prcn h 2009 Cn r nr-prvnc rn by rbn/rr pc

rnc n rn 34

Fr 2.15: Nbr nr-prvnc rn by rn rn n 2004 n rn

nn n 2009 35

Fr 2.16: Prprn wrkr 1555 wh hv vr rcv rnn, 1989-2009 42

Fr 2.17: Prprn rn br 1555 by rn fw, 1999-2009 43

Fr 2.18: Hh vn nr rn n nn-rn ppn n 2009 44

Fr 2.19: Hh vn nr by rn fw bwn rbn n rr r,

2009 45

Fr 2.20: Prprn h ppn 15 n r wh hv cp prry

cn by nr, 2009 46


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cn by n rn fw bwn rbn n rr r, 2009 47


cn by rn fw bwn rbn n rr r, 2009 48

Fr 2.23: sch nnc chrn 6 10, 1989-2009 48

Fr 2.24: sch nnc chrn 11 18, 1989-2009 49

Fr 2.25: Hn pp 5 n r by yp rn, 1999-2009 50

Fr 2.26: Hn pp 5 n r by rn fw bwn rbn

n rr r, 1999-2009 51

Fr 2.27: Prprn pp 5 n r n wr r rnkn n ckn,

1999-2009 52

Fr 2.28: Prprn pp 5 n r n wr by rn fw

bwn rbn n rr r, 1999-2009 53

Fr 2.29: typ c n pp 5 n r by yp rn,

1999-2009 54

Fr 2.30: typ c n pp 5 n r by rn fw

bwn rbn n rr r, 1999-2009 55

Fr 3.1: Prprn ppn vn n rbn r, 19312009 62

Fr 3.2: urbn nn ppn rwh r (%) n Vn, 1931-2008 65

Fr 3.3. Ppn pyr n rbn r (by r rbn r) n rr r, 2009 67

Fr 3.4: Prcn wh jnr c, nvry n hhr v qcn by x,

rp n pc rnc, 2009 75

Fr 3.5: Prprn cncy cv n h 7 y prr h cn n h

ppn 15 n r by x n rbn/rr rnc, 2009 80

Fr 3.6: Prprn cncy cv n 7 y br h cn n h

ppn 15 n r by x, rbn/rr rnc n r rbn r, 2009 80

Fr 3.7: sx r by rp n rbn r, 19892009 (nj) 92

Fr 3.8: sx r by rp n rbn r, 1989-2009 (j) 92

Fr 3.9: Prprn nvr rr by x n , 1999-2009 93

Fr 4.1: mrn n rbn hr h ppn by prvnc, 2009 95

Fr 4.2: trn n n rn n rbn hr ppn r xcn

r, 2009 96


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list o MaP

mp 2.1: Vrn n h nbr n-rn by prvnc, 20042009 36

mp 2.2: Vrn n h prprn n-rn n h ppn by prvnc, 20042009 37

mp 2.3: Vrn n h nbr -rn by prvnc, 20042009 38

mp 2.4: Vrn n h prprn -rn n h ppn by prvnc, 20042009 39

mp 3.1: Prprn h ppn vn n rbn r, 1999 58

mp 3.2: Prprn ppn vn n rbn r, 2009 59


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abbreviatiOnS

asFR a-spcc Fry R

CBR Cr Brh R

CCsC Cnr (Ppn n Hn) Cn srn C

gso gnr sc oc

iom inrnn ornzn r mrn

mdg mnn dvpn g

PWg Pvry Wrkn grp

R-R Rr--rr (rn)

R-u Rr--rbn (rn)

saVY srvy an Vn Yh

smam sn mn a mrr

tFR t Fry R

uNesCaP un Nn ecnc n sc Cn r a n h Pcc

uNFPa un Nn Ppn Fn

u-R urbn--rr (rn)

u-u urbn--rbn (rn)

WB Wr Bnk


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abStract

any 15% Cn p rvy cry hw n ncrn rn n rn n bh

b n rv r. Cr vnc w n r h cnrbn rn ppn

n rbn r, pcy h rr rbn r. th r h rn, pcy h

rpy rwn rr--rbn rn, rv rr nn. mrn r pc

h k n cnrn h r vry n rnc n rn n rn.

Cn h h n chrcrc nr r rn b vrk r prry

rn, h ppn rp h h rcv rr nn n rhr rrch .

th rnhp bwn rn n vpn cpc: wh rn k

pv cnrbn rn hv, n vpn h pc nn,

cnrb ncrn c-cnc pr bwn h pc rn n pc

nn, bwn rr n rbn r, n n rn; rr r n h n rn

nn rn ncn h Cnr C n mkn Rvr d rn c vn

wh rbn r, pcy r c n prvnc n jr rn rcvn rn, ch

h sh, hv bn r h yn rn wh n hv br c cp.Rn n nn vpn pn n pc n cnr r nr h

p cnrbn rn wr vpn. Fnn r h Cn rv h

n r pc nn rn wn n chrn.

drn h c, n pr wh nrzn n rbnzn prc, hr h

bn rn rwh ppn n rbn r. a h , cr rbn y r

ncrny bn r. drphc chrcrc rbn rn r cry rn

r rr rn: hh z n rbn r r; rbn rn rry r n hv

wr chrn. urbn rn hv r vn cpr rr rn rn h

vpn prc: br hn cnn n rr cc n ch

crcy, cn wr, br cn cnn n k jb pprn. th vn

r r pprn n r wh hh v rbnzn. th h ncr h rcvn

r c n pr rn ppn rwh n h r.

Hwvr, vr-rbnzn h bn brv n Vn. th h ck cc bc

c ch n cn wr r pr h rbn ppn, vn n h vp

c ch Hn r H Ch mnh Cy. th npyn r n rbn r hhr hn n

rr r. th prn rbn rn ck pprn hr n h vn

rbn r. Wh h pc vpn n h rbn ppn prn, Vn w

c n ncrn nbr cpx prb rn r h rbnzn prc: ncrn

ppn ny n rbn r; jb crn; hr hn; nvrnn pn, c.

th w rqr ncr nn crrn rbnzn n Vn.


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1. backgroUnd

th 2009 Ppn n Hn Cn w h rh ppn rvy n h hr hn

cn cnc nc rncn h cnry n 1975. th n bjcv h Cn

w cc bc n ppn n hn n h sc Rpbc Vn rv

rrch n ny ppn rn r h wh cnry w r ch cy;

prv nrn r vn h pnn c-cnc vpn pn r

h pr 20012010 w r nn h c-cnc vpn pn r h pr

20112020; n nr h pnn h gvrnn cn chvn h

un Nn mnn dvpn g (CCsC, 2009).

Ppn n Hn Cn r crr n Vn vry n yr. th 1979 Cn w

h r n w by h 1989, 1999 n 2009 Cn. th 1979 Cn cc vry p

nrn n rcv chnc ppr r h nrnn cny. th hr

cn h ch rchr nrn n rcv ch br chnc n nnc ppr

r h nrnn cny. ahh nrn r h Cn rvy p,

bc ccnc ncr r nc. th hr cn hr cn

nrn h cn b r cprn prp n ny rn.

in n h cn cvrn Vn czn rn n Vn h cn

, p rvy, wh nr qnnr hr r nrn, w cnc pr h 2009 Cn. th prp h p rvy wr: 1) xpn h cnn

h Cn; 2) prv h qy h Cn, pcy rrn nv n cpx

qn; n 3) rc cn c. a p z 15% h nn ppn w

p n h p rvy h 2009 Cn. sry, p rvy wh p z 5%

n 3% wr p n 1989 n 1999 Cn rpcvy (CCsC, 2009).

th nrph prv nn r n-ph ny rn n rbnzn n Vn

n h p h hr cn. mrn n rbnzn hv bn n

pr h rp cnc rwh n Vn nc h cnc rr n hy r ky

ppn n vpn. in h brr cnx h an rn, rn h ncr

n nprcn r n h w c (dhnkr 2006) n rbn ppn h bn

rwn h pc n h c n h (uNesCaP, 2007). th nrph n

p prv nr pcr rn n rbnzn n Vn vr h w

c n cn . th nrph p k nk bwn rn,

rbnzn n chvn h mdg, r r brr prpcv h nk

bwn rn, rbnzn n vpn.

chaPter 1: backGrOund and methOdOlOGy


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2. objectiVes o the stUdy

th nrph crb, nyz, n prv xpnn r prn, rn n

prpc nrn rn n rbnzn n Vn. th nrph ny h 2009

Cn n h prv 1989 n 1999 Cn.

spcc bjcv h y r:

dcrb prn rn n Vn;

dcrb rn n prn nrn rn by ky cr, ch rn, prvnc,rc, yp rn, fw rn bwn rbn n rr r, n x

rn;

dcrb rn n nrn rn vr h wny yr (nc 1989) n prpc rh r;

dcrb prn rbnzn n Vn;

dcrb rn n prn rbnzn by ky cr, ch rn n prvnc;

dcrb rn n rbnzn vr h wny yr n prpc r h r;

Prv cncn b ky r nrn rn n rbnzn n Vnvr h wny yr; n

mk pcy rcnn r ppn n rbn nn n Vn.

3. Methodology

a nn bv, h nrph p h hr cn (h 15%, 3%

n 5% p h 2009, 1999 n 1989 Cn rpcvy) r ny. th p r

rprnv n ny h nn v b h c v. in prcr, n 2009, h

p rprnv h wy h rc v. th prry pn n w h cnnrn r. ar cr pn w pp c h p. d nrn

n h pn r, p z, qnnr, rvy h n pnn h

Cn r prn n prv pbcn h CCsC ( CCsC, 2009; CCsC, 2000; CCsC, 1999;

CCsC, 1991).

dcrpv r n-vr ny crb prn rn n rbnzn. sp

prjcn r cpr prpc rn n rbnzn n h nr r. B-vr

ny cpr vrn n rnc n rn n rbnzn by jr rn,

rphc n ccnc cr r vrb ncn: rn, prvnc, , vn nr,

rnn v, chn nn n hn. gnr cnr cr-cn n

cvr n h ny. trn ny cpr rn n rn, rbnrwh n rbnzn vr h w c. Cnrcn h vrb n h

nrph w h cnrcn h nr 56 ncr h 2009 Cn h CCsC (

CCsC 2010) n rbn ccn h gvrnn Vn.

Cprn r n ny n rn rp rn b bwn rn n

nn-rn. V , ncn rph n p, r hp rr r y nrn

r ny. d r n rph n p r prn n b n h ppnx.


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thr r crn vn n n cn h rny nfnc h cp

ny. thrr, h cn prn ky vn n n cn n cn

p rvy n Vn prv bckrn nrn n xpnn r n

ny n h nrph.

th jr vn cn n cn p rvy hr nn cvr r

rprnvn. th h p z h cn n p rvy w ny

n ny h rn v b b-rn v; cn p cnn r

nrn wn ny h prvnc v n r h 2009 Cn, vn h rc

v. th n h r vn cn , nbn cr v nrn

r vpn r n pc. th r p z cn n p

rvy w crpn n ny b ppn k hnc nry rp,

ppn h nr rn fcn k rn, n cpx k rbnzn.

any, h vby bc c-cnc nrn n rpnn, ch ,

x, cn nn, hncy, n ccpn, n cny chrcrc, ch

rr/rbn rnc, w rhr k rn n nrn rn n rbnzn r

rrch n hr r h cr.

Cn hv n. th r p z chv by crcn r

nrn. thrr, rrch n h rnhp bwn rn n rbnzn n hr

ccnc jr r whch nrn vb n h cn

qnnr. in n, wh prn n vrn n rn n rbnzn cn b

n, xpnn r h vrn cnn b cnr n cn h ck

nrn n xpnry cr.

th cn n Vn ck prn nrn rn h prc rn

ch rn r rn, pc brh, n rn rnc n nn r. th

cprn pc rnc v yr prr h h rvy n crrn pc

rnc prxy r rn h vr hrcn. i n w ny

h n h v nr rn rnc n h nn r. i n w

cpr n n prry rn; rrn rn h hppn whn h v

yr prr h h rvy n r h pcr; cnqnc, r

cn ny nr c by pp. in c, h hrcn wr ry

n n vr pbcn wn nn h 1999 Ppn n Hn

Cn; hwvr, hy wr n vrc n h 2009 Cn h cr n nrprn

r h b . on r pv n, cnncy n h wy nrn w hr

v h by cpr rn prn bwn h 1999 n 2009 Cn.

th Cn n nc -c vr whch w w cpn

h cr cn rbnzn. ovr h wny yr, r h hr cn, ny chn

hv ccrr n rphc bnr h prvnc n b-prvnc v. Cry, h

rp ccnc vpn nc nrcn h Renovation policy h r n n

ny ncrn rn fw b rp xpnn rbn r. Cnqny, rbnzn

n Vn vr h w hr c h rcv ncn cnrbn r bh

rn n rphc xpnn rbn r. unrny, h rpcv cnrbn

h w cr wr rbnzn cnn b .


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19/140


1. basic concePts and deinitions

mrn n h nrph r n pp wh pc rnc 5 yr prr h

h cn rn r hr crrn pc rnc. Nn-rn r n pp

wh pc rnc 5 yr prr h h cn hr crrn pc rnc.

Cry, ny pp 5 r r r b b cnr nr h nn rn. Fr

h rn n nr nn cprn bwn rn n nn-rn, pp

wh r ynr hn 5 yr r xc r ny n h nrph.

ahh hr r ny hr wy n rn, h crrn nn h ny n h

cn b wh h cn . a n h nn h crn yp rn, ch

prry rn, n rn n rrn rn, r n nb bc hy r

x n wh nn-rn r rn ppn.

th vb w cy rn by nrv v n rr-rbn fw.

Vn crrny v n 6 rn; nr h rn v r 63 prvnc; nr h

prvnc v r 690 rc1, n nr h rc v r 11,066 rr cn r rbn

wr.2 a vpn pc r y nrv v, ccn rn

by nrv v prn r nrn rn n vpn pn rn

v. in h nrph, h wn rp rn n nn-rn r n nr

h ccn rn by nrv v:

irn: nc prn 5 r r wh crrn pc rnc n Vn nhr pc rnc 5 yr prr h h Cn w br.

Rn rn: nc prn 5 r r wh v n Vn n wh rn rnc 5 yr prr h h Cn w rn r hr crrn rn

rnc.

inr-prvnc rn: nc prn 5 r r wh v n Vn n whprvnc rnc 5 yr prr h Cn w rn r hr crrn prvnc

rnc.

inr-rc rn: nc prn 5 r r wh prvnc rnc 5 yr prr h h Cn hr crrn prvnc rnc n wh rc rnc 5

yr prr h Cn rn r hr crrn rc rnc.

chaPter 2: PatternS, trendS and

differentialS in miGratiOn

1 in rc nc.

2 accrn 2009 Cn; n cn nc.


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Intra-districtmigrants:includepersonsaged5orolderwhosedistrictofresidence5yearsprior

h h Cn hr crrn rc rnc n wh cn/wr

rnc 5 yr prr h Cn rn r hr crrn cn/wr

rnc.

Eachgroupofmigrantshasanassociatedgroupofnon-migrants;inotherwords,non-migrants

cn b n ch nrv v. Fr nnc, prvnc nn-rn ncprn 5 r r wh prvnc rnc 5 yr prr h Cn

hr crrn prvnc rnc. in h nrph, h r prvnc nn-rn w

rprn rp nn-rn ppn n b nn-rn bc hr

r ny vry nr rnc n rn rp nn-rn ppn.3

Fr 2.1 rz h nn rn n nn-rn ppn. mrn ppn

n vn yr nr rn wh rrv n h 5 yr prr h

h rvy n h yr; .. rn n 2009 r rn wh c h y r rn h

20042009 pr.

u 2.1: P 5 p m cu p m

Rrn rn fw bwn rbn n rr r, h wn fw r n b

n h rr n rbn chrcrc h pc rnc 5 yr prr h h Cn

n crrn pc rnc:

Rural-to-ruralmigration(R-R);

Rural-to-urbanmigration(R-U);

a V nm

anhr prvnc s prvnc

anhr rc s rc

anhr cns cn/

wr

irn

i-pv

m

i-

m

i-

m

Cn nn-

rn

drc nn-rn

Pv -m / n-m

Nn-rn

3 th w b n cry n tb 2.1 n h nx cn. By r nn: rc nn-rn ppn

= cn nn-rn ppn + nr-rc rn ppn; prvnc nn-rn pp-

n = rc nn-rn ppn + nr-rc rn ppn. Bc nr-rc rn

ppn n nr-rc rn ppn ccn r vry hr h ppn,

cn n rc nn-rn ppn ccn r 96% n 98% rpcvy h prvnc

nn-rn ppn.


21/140


Urban-to-ruralmigration(U-R);and

Urban-to-urbanmigration(U-U).

tw c rp nn-rn rvn rrnc rp nc:

Non-migrantsinruralareasornon-migrantswhosecurrentplaceofresidenceisinruralareas;

n Non-migrantsinurbanareasornon-migrantswhosecurrentplaceofresidenceisinurban

r.

Cpr h 2009 n 1999 Cn, h 1989 Cn n k b rn h

cn/wr v n n k b rr/rbn chrcrc h pc rnc

5 yr prr h h Cn. Cnqny, ny n h nrph rqr h

nrn, r n h pc w b 1999 n 2009.

2. Patterns o Migration oVer tiMe

th rn ppn n n h y ccn r prprn h ppn.

Hwvr, h b nbr rn w n vn h r ppn z h

cnry. o h r hn 78 n pp 5 n r n 2009, 2.1% r b 1.6 n

pp wr nr-rc rn, 2.2% r 1.7 n pp wr nr-rc rn, 4.3% r

3.4 n pp wr nr-prvnc rn, n vry prprn ny 0.1% r 40 990

pp wr rn. sr prn wr n n 1999 n 1989 Cn ( tb 2.1).

inrnn rn w n w cvr n h Cn bc ny Vn vn vr

wr n cpr n h Cn nrn. in n, h rn ppn w nr-

bc pp wh Vn cznhp wr n nr n h Cn.

Fr h rn n bc h vry rn ppn, nrnn rn

xc r rhr ny n h nrph. Cnqny, h r rn nr

nrn rn n h r h nrph.

t 2.1: M -m ppu p m, 1989-2009

1989 1999 2009

n % n % n %

inr-rc rn - - 1,342,568 2,0 1,618,160 2,1

Cn nn-rn - - 64,493,309 93,5 71,686,913 91,4

inr-rc rn 1,067,298 2,0 1,137,843 1,7 1,708,896 2,2

drc nn-rn 51,797,097 95,5 65,835,877 95,5 73,305,072 93,5inr-prvnc rn 1,349,291 2,5 2,001,408 2,9 3,397,904 4,3

Prvnc nn-rn 52,864,395 97,4 66,973,720 97,1 75,013,968 95,7

irn 65,908 0,1 70,389 0,1 40,990 0,1

Nn-rn 54,213,686 99,9 68,975,128 99,9 78,411,872 99,9


22/140


thr h bn n ncrn rn rn n bh b n rv r vr h w

c; hwvr, h cr ncrn rn h ny bc pprn n h c. th

nncy w xpc vn h rc cn n h cprv y, h rnrn

r cnr pnnn rk cny, h rv rn h nhb vpn

h prv cnc cr n vpn rnprn (dn, . 1997), rn

pr (PWg 1999), n rxn rrcn n rn (dn n trnh 1998; g

1998). th nr-rc rn ppn hy ncr 1.14 n pp n 1999 r

1.07 n pp n 1989; hn ncr by r hn 50 prcn 1.7 n pp by 2009.

th nr-rc rn hr h ppn cr r 2% 1.7% vr h 19891999

pr b hn ncr 2.2% by 2009.

a cr ncr w n n z h nr-prvnc rn ppn. th ppn ncr

3.4 n pp by 2009 r 2 n pp n 1999 n 1.3 n n 1989. th hr h

rp n h ppn ncr cnny 4.3% n 2009 r 2.9% n 1999 n 2.5% n

1989. th r nc hhr r ncr n h rn ppn hn h r

nr ncr n h ppn.

i nrn h h hhr h nrv v rphc r h hhr h r rwh n h rn ppn. Fr 2.2 cry rv h h hrp ncr n

n nr-prvnc rn, wh wr ncr n h nr-rc rn ppn,

n h w ncr n h nr-rc rn ppn. ahh h Cn

n w xpr rn r h rnc, ncr hh nc, prvn

n rnprn n r bnn nrn hrh h hv bvy

rr chc r pp v n nb h v nr nc n byn r

bnr.

u 2.2: M pp ppu v m, 1989-2009

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

1989 1999 20090

1

2

3

4

5

6

Migran

Non migrant

Intra-districtmigrant

Inter-districtmigrant

Inter-provincialmigrant

Non-migrant%

%


23/140


Cn nc h h rn ppn rw r hn h nn-rn ppn vr

h c (tb 2.2). mrvr, h rwh r h rn ppn rn h 1999

2009 pr w hhr hn n h 19891999 pr wh h rwh r h nn-rn

ppn rn h 19992009 pr w wr hn n h 19892009 pr. Cnqny,

h rn hr h ppn ncr n ncrn pc rn h c.

t 2.2: au ppu p m, 1989-2009

un: Prcn

a p prjcn rn n nn-rn ppn 5 n r prn n

Fr 2.3. th prjcn p bc n b n h -x rcr, ry n

ry r ch rp rn n nn-rn ppn; py b n vr

nn ppn rwh r ch rn n nn-rn ppn rp rn h

19992009 pr n n pn h h vr nn ppn rwh r w

rn cnn r h nx n yr. th prjcn nc h h nr-prvnc rn

ppn 5 n r w pprch 6 n pp by 2019; h nr-rc n nr-

rc rn ppn w pprch 2.0 n 2.6 n pp rpcvy by 2019; h nn-

rn ppn w ncr 84 n pp by 2019 r 75 n pp n 2009. gvn

h r n w ncr n h nn-rn ppn, h crv h hp ncn r

ncr r vr ppn rwh. th hr nr-prvnc rn ncr

r hn h nr-rc n nr-rc rn. By 2019, h hr nr-prvnc,

nr-rc n nr-rc rn n ppn r prjc b 6.4%, 3.0% n 2.4%

rpcvy.

Pi-

m

i-

m

i-pv

mn-m

1989-1999 - 0.6 4.0 2.4

1999-2009 1.9 4.2 5.4 1.1


24/140


u 2.3: M -m ppu, 1999-2009 p 2019

Cn prv cr vnc n rn phnnn n rn knwn h

nzn rn. th cn b hwn hrh w ncr. Fr, rn ccn

r b h h vr rn ppn. scny, h prprn rn n h

rn ppn h cnny ncr vr h w c. a ry 1989,

ry ccn r r hn h nr-rc n nr-rc rn ppn n h

19841989 pr. F ccn r hn h h nr-prvnc rn ppn n

1989 b rch h by 1999. in 2009, hr wr r hn n rn ppnrp. sr prn wr n n h 2003 saVY, 2004 mrn srvy n 2007 Ppn

Chn srvy (Nyn 2009). th cn n n r rcr br n rr jb

pprn r wn n rbn r n nr zn wr n b h n rn r

h rnc h phnnn (dn 2003; Kbr n trn, 2006). th pp nncy

w brv n h nn-rn ppn wh h hr ppn bcn r

vr ( Fr 2.4).

on cnn nncy n cr h hr cn w h wr r ky

r whn h cr nrv bnr. i w cr r Fr 2.4 h h prprn

n ny h cn yr w r n h nr-rc rn ppn, r

n h nr-rc rn ppn n n h nr-prvnc rn

ppn.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Non-migrantpopulati

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Migrantpopulation(millionpeople)

Non-migrant

Intra-district migrant

Inter-district

Inter-provincial migrant

%


25/140


u 2.4: Pp m p m , 1989-2009

3. Migration lows between Urban and rUral areas

mrn hv cnrb r ncny rbn hn rr ppn (tb 2.3). th

r wh xpc vn h ncrn nq bwn rr n rbn r h

vn rbn r (dn . 2007; gso & uNFPa 2006). in , rn 5 r r

cnrb 3.8 n pp rbn ppn, n hr wr 16% h rbn ppn

5 r r r rn wh rrv bwn 2004 n 2009. drn h pr, rn

5 r r cnrb 2.7 n pp h rr ppn b h n ny 5%

h rr ppn 5 r r bc rr z.

t 2.3: Ppu uu m ppu 5 p p m u , 1999-2009

1999 2009 au

(%)4Ppu % Ppu %

U

u-u rn 971.486 8.2 1.719.056 7.4 5.9

R-u rn 855.943 7.2 2.062.171 8.9 9.2

urbn nn-rn 10.089.625 84.7 19.413.699 83.7 6.8

t 11.917.055 100 23.194.927 100 6.9ru

u-R rn 219.718 0.6 547.626 1.0 9.6

R-R rn 760.939 2.2 2.204.430 4.0 11.2

Rr nn-rn 33.778.197 97.2 52.273.214 95.0 4.5

t 34.758.854 100 55.025.270 100 4.7

4 th h vr nn rwh r r h 1999-2009 pr.

0

50

100




Non-migrant

1989 1999 2009

%


26/140


sr p ppn prjcn b n vr nn ppn rwh wr pp

rn ppn by yp rn fw bwn rbn n rr r p 2019.

th prjcn nc h rr--rr rn w k p h r rp n 2019 wh

6.4 n pp. th rr--rbn rn ppn w rch b 5 n pp, ch

rr hn h prjc rbn--rr rn ppn 1.4 n n 2019. Fny, h

rbn--rbn rn ppn w ncr b 3 n pp by 2019 r 1.7 n

pp n 2009.

u 2.5: M u u , 1999-2009 p

2019

th hr rn rp n ppn n nn r w ncr vr h nx n

yr xcp r rbn--rbn rn. Rr--rbn rn w rny nfnc h

rbn ppn wh rr--rr rn w cnn nfnc h rr ppn.

mr rp ncr n h rr--rr n rr--rbn rn hr n wr ncr n

h rbn--rr rn hr h nn r ppn r xpc. th prjcn

nc h h hr rr--rbn rn n h rbn ppn w ncr 11% by

2019 r 8.9% n 2009 wh h hr rbn--rbn rn n h rbn ppn w

cr 6.7% by 2019 r 7.4% n 2009. in rr r, h hr rbn--rr rn nrr ppn w hy ncr 1.6% by 2019 r 1.0% n 2009 n h hr rr--

rr rn n rr ppn w ncr 7.3% n 2019 r 4% n 2009.

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

UU

RU

UR

RR

Unit: Million people


27/140


u 2.6: t m ppu p m ,

1999-2009 p 2019

mr n r r rr r r jnn h rn ppn. an h r rn

fw bwn rbn n rr r, cnrb hhr prprn n rn fw

r rr r. F rn ccn r h hh prprn n h rr--rr fw n

nr-rc n nr-rc rn ppn n h prprn cnn ncr

vr h n yr.

u 2.7: Pp m p m m u

u , 1999-2009

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2000

1999

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

UU

RU

UR

RR

%

0

50

100

1999 2009 1999 2009 1999 2009

Intra-district migration Inter-district migration Inter-provincial migration

R-R R-U U-R U-U

%


28/140


4. age selectiVity o Migration

R Cn p ny prv rhr ppr h rqny n nn

h rn n cn yn ppn rp (g 1998; dn . 2003; gso 2005;

gso & uNFPa 2006; uNFPa 2007; Nyn 2009). Fr 2.8 prn ppn pyr rn

n nn-rn ppn n h 2009 Cn p . i vry cr r h hp

h ppn pyr h wh h nn-rn ppn h n ppn

rcr, rn yp h vry yn ppn rcr wh vry hh cncnrn

pp rn h 15 29. R h 2009 Cn hw h h n h

nn-rn ppn n 2009 w 30 yr , .. h h nn-rn ppn w

30 yr r ynr; h n h rn ppn w b 5 yr ynr r

rn 25 yr .

th ppn pyr h rn ppn nc h h hhr h v nrv

bnry h ynr h rn. i w n n h 2009 Cn h nr-rc rn

wr rvy r hn h hr rp rn wh n 26 yr; nr-rc

rn wr ynr wh n 25 yr n nr-prvnc rn wr yn

wh n 24 yr.

th ppn pyr h rn ppn rv n nrn nn h

cnrb r hn h rn ppn n h hh rn rp bwn 15

29 yr . th r nc h n py rr nn r yn ,

ch rprcv hh, whn cnrn h rn ppn.

u 2.8: Ppu pm p m -m, 2009

un: prcn

Non-migrant(Median=30)

8.5

9.1

10.3

8.8

9.2

8.6

8.3

7.8

7.3

6.2

4.2

2.8

2.4

2.2

1.9

2.4

9.5

10.2

11.4

9.3

9.3

8.8

8.6

7.9

7.1

5.7

3.8

2.4

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.3

40 20 0 20 40

Male

Female

Intra district migrant(Median=26)

5.0

3.8

9.2

26.3

23.7

10.8

6.3

4.2

3.4

2.6

1.5

0.9

0.7

0.6

0.4

9.2

7.2

7.8

10.4

16.2

15.2

11.0

7.3

5.5

4.0

2.3

1.3

0.9

0.7

0.5

0.5 0.6

40 20 0 20 40

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80 +

Inter district migrant(Median=25)

4.6

3.4

12.6

26.3

21.1

10.3

6.0

4.0

3.3

2.9

1.9

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4

6.4

4.9

11.0

17.7

17.7

13.8

9.1

5.6

4.5

3.6

2.3

1.3

0.9

0.6

0.4

0.60.4

40 20 0 20 40

Inter provincial migrant(Median=24)

2.5

2.2

19.7

34.5

18.5

7.5

4.5

3.1

2.4

1.8

1.3

0.7

0.5

0.3

0.3

3.3

2.8

16.1

30.3

20.0

10.4

6.3

3.8

2.7

1.8

1.0

0.2

0.6

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.2

40 20 0 20 40

% % % %


29/140


in h 19892009 pr, h ppn nn-rn w n (n w ncrn)

qcky vr , wh nr-prvnc rn wr n ynr (n w cnn).

th prn wr n pprn r hr rn rp ( Fr 2.9). th pp rn n

n bwn nr-prvnc rn n nn-rn ppn r ky nny c-

cnc pc n ch r rr n br rk. incrn cncrn rrn

h by n rr prnr bn n n yn n n rr r whr -

rn ncrn r n r wn v h v n pcy h wn

r vn ynr n ynr .

i w nrn n h n b r hn n h nn-rn ppn

wh n b ynr hn n rn ppn ( Fr 2.9). th r w

n n rp rn n n hr cn.

u 2.9: M p m, 1989-2009

Rr rn rn wr ch ynr hn rbn rn rn. th hp ppn

pyr n Fr 2.10 cry hw yn ppn rcr rr--rbn n rr-

-rr rn n r ppn rcr rbn--rr n rbn--rbn rn.

Rr--rbn rn wr yn wh n 23 yr. Rr--rr rn wr

j b r wh n 24 yr. mrn r rbn pc rn wr b 3

4 yr r wh n 27 yr. i ky h r wr nfnc by h ynrppn rcr n rr r cpr rbn r: h n nn-rn n

rr r w 28 yr whch w ch ynr hn h n nn-rn n rbn

r (32 yr).

2021

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Male Female Male Female

Migrant Non-migrant

Years

1989 1999 2009


30/140


u 2.10: Ppu pm m p m u

u , 2009

5. regional Variation in Migration

Vn c cnrb c-cnc pr cr rn. dpr wr n

n ny bwn rr n rbn r h cnry b bwn rn n prvnc.

th pr hv n hrc n cr r. dvry n nr cnn, nr

rrc, n cr hv cr ncv chrcrc ch rn. Nw c-cncvpn pc Vn ch h c rn cnc vpn pc n

rn v cnc nvn n rn rn r prvnc cnrb h

pr. in nr, h hrn pr h cnry r cncy vp n h

bn r rcv rn. th vry cncy ync c ch h v cnr cy-

prvnc rc r rn.

Regional variation

a xpc, r rn vrn n rn wr n. th rn ppn

prprn h ppn vr bny cr rn n yp rn. th 2009

Cn nc h rn ccn r h hh prprn h ppn n h

sh, pcy nr-prvnc rn. th nr-prvnc rn ppn ccnr r hn 14% h ppn h sh rn n 2009 wh h prprn w

r hn 5% n hr rn. th nn w xpc nc r x prvnc h

sh rn (ncn Bnh dn, dn N, B R-Vn t n H Ch mnh Cy) r w-

R-R

(Median=24)

40 20 0 20 40

5-9

10-1415-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80 +

R-U(Median=23)

40 20 0 20 40

U-R(Median=27)

40 20 0 20 40 40 20 0 20 40

U-U(Median=27)

Male

Female

5 Hn, H Ch mnh Cy, H Phn, Cn th n H r h 5 cy-prvnc, ncp h r -

nrvy qvn prvnc.


31/140


32/140


u 2.12: i-m, u-m, -m ppu fv p

2009 cu -pv m

th pcr rn rn n 2009 w r h pcr n 1999 wh rr prn

b w vry rn r h pcr n 1999 (Fr 2.13) wh rr h v rn.

th Cnr Hhn n h sh wr n rn rcvn rn n 19941999 n hy

wr n rn rcvn rn n 20042009 wh h hr rn rn n rn

nn rn. ahh h Cnr Hhn n ppn hrh rn,

rcvn h nbr n-rn cr rpy, wh h -rn ppn

ncr hy. th nbr n-rn h sh cnn xc h nbr

-rn n h p ncr rpy h n-rn ppn r 20042009 ncrr hn 2.5 cpr h pr 19941999, wh h -rn ppn rn

b cnn vr h pr. a r c, h R Rvr d rn rc

r n-rn wh h -rn ppn rn cnn vr h n yr.

in cnr, h -rn ppn r h mkn Rvr d n Cnr C rn

ncr rpy wh h n-rn ppn h rn xprnc chn.

800 000

600 000

400 000

200 000

0

200 000

400 000

600 000

800 000

1 000 000

1 200 000

1 400 000

1 600 000

1 800 000

Red River

Delta

North and

South

Central Coast

Central

Highlands

Southeast Mekong River

Delta

In-migrants Out-migrants

Unit: Person

Northern

Midlands

and Mountains


33/140


u 2.13: i-m, u-m, -m ppu fv p

1999 cu -pv m

a r rn vrn n rn bwn rbn n rr r w n (Fr 2.14).

th mkn Rvr d n Cnr C rn ppn hrh rn n bh rr

n rbn r b hr rr r bny r pp hn rbn r. in cnr,

h Cnr Hhn n h sh rn n ppn hrh rn n bh

rr n rbn r n h sh rn n cnrby r pp n rbn r

hn n rr r. Hwvr, n h rbn r h Nrhrn upn, h prn rnrvr, r n rn nn r n 1999 h rbn Nrhrn upn bc n

rn rcvn rn n 2009. Cry, rn w hvn rnr pc n rbnzn n

rn h cnry hn hr.

800 000600 000

400 000

200 000

0

200 000

400 000

600 000

800 000

1 000 000

1 200 0001 400 000

1 600 000

1 800 000In-migrants Out-migrants

Red River

Delta

North and

South

Central Coast

Central

Highlands

Southeast Mekong River

Delta

Northern

Midlands

and Mountains

Unit: Person


34/140


u 2.14: i-m, u-m, -m ppu v fv p

2009 cu -pv m u/u p

Vry ync cnc vpn h h sh rn n xcpn nn

cn r rn. th sh rn rcv 1.6 n rn r hr rn, r

hhr hn h nbr rn r hr rn h R Rvr d rn whch k

h cn pn wh b 290 000 rn r hr rn; h Cnr Hhn rnk

hr wh 161 000 rn r hr rn; h Cnr C rcv 110 000 rn r

hr rn; h Nrhrn upn rcv 100 000 rn r hr rn; n h mkn

Rvr d rcv b 70 000 rn r hr rn (Fr 2.15).

th r rn rn fw w r h mkn Rvr d h sh wh r

hn 714 000 pp. th cn r fw w r h Cnr C h sh wh

r hn 570 000 pp. th hr r fw w vn h sh r h R

Rvr d wh r hn 195 000 pp. th r fw rn h R Rvr d

c r h Nrhrn upn wh 155 000 pp w by rn r h Cnr Cwh 98 000 pp.

800 000

600 000

400 000

200 000

0

200 000

400 000

600 000

800 000

1 000 000

1 200 000

1 400 000

1 600 000

1 800 000

Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural

Red River

Delta

Central

Highlands

Southeast Mekong

River Delta

In-migrants Out-migrants

North and

South

Central Coast

Northern

Midlands

and Mountains

Unit: Person


35/140


u 2.15: num -pv m 2004

2009

in nr w n h h hrn rn h cnry cnn rc r rn

hn h nrhrn rn. th jr rn nn w h sh. th jr rn

rn wr h mkn Rvr d rn n h Cnr C; n n, h Nrhrn upn

w rn rn r rn b h fw rn r h rn w ch r

hn r h w n rn rn. th R Rvr d n h Cnr Hhn wr bh

prn rn n nn rn r rn.

Pv v

lr vrn n rn brv cr prvnc. mp 2.1 vy prn vrn n h

nbr n-rn by prvnc n mp 2.2 prn vrn n h prprn n-rn n

h ppn by prvnc rn 20042009. mp 2.3 prn vrn n h nbr -

rn by prvnc n mp 2.4 prn vrn n h prprn -rn n h ppnby prvnc rn 20042009.

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

Numberofmigrant(person)

RedR

iverD

elta

Centr

alHigh

lands

South

east

Mekon

gRive

rDelta

Northern Midlands and Mountains

Red River Delta

North and South Central Coast

Central Highlands

Southeast

Mekong River Delta

Place of destination (2009)

Place

oforigin

(2004)

North

ernMidla

nds

andM

ountain

s

North

andS

outhC

entra

lCoa

st


36/140


Mp 2.1: V um -m pv, 20042009


37/140


Mp 2.2: V pp -m ppu pv, 20042009


38/140


Mp 2.3: V um u-m pv, 20042009


39/140


Mp 2.4: V pp u-m ppu pv, 20042009


40/140


N-rn w by kn h nbr n-rn n h 5 yr prr h cn

n h nbr -rn n h pr. th n prvnc wh h w n

rn r prn n h n h n prvnc wh h hh n rn r

prn n h rh tb 2.4. thnh H n Nh an r jr prvnc rn. a

prvnc n h pp n bh rr n rbn r hrh rn xcp r Nh

an whch h n ppn n rr r b n n n rbn r.

s prvnc n h rh, ny Qn Nnh, B R-Vn t, H Phn n d Nn h n

ppn n rr r b n n n rbn r. H Ch mnh Cy h n xcpny

r nbr rn n rbn r wh 780 000 pp. in n, dn N, H N,

n Bnh dn h vry hh nbr rn cn bh rr n rbn r.

t 2.4: Pv m um -pv m,

2009

un: pp

sbn vrn n h rn hr h ppn w n (tb 2.5). in thnh H,

rn ccn r 0.6% h ppn vn n h prvnc n 2009. in ny hr prvnc,

.. C m, Bc gn, th Bnh, Qn N, Bc l, an gn n sc trn, hn 1% h

ppn cn nr-prvnc rn. on h pp n, ny prvnc h nr-

prvnc rn ccnn r r hn 5% h ppn. d Nn, dn N n H Ch

mnh Cy h rn ccnn r r hn 10% hr ppn. Bnh dn w vrypc c wh r hn hr ppn cnn nr-prvnc rn. th c

h h cn wh h hh rn prprn h ppn wr jr c

n prn r rn n rbnzn.

Pv U ru t

thnh H -6,172 -192,107 -198,279

Nh an 6,361 -124,215 -117,854

an gn -2,920 -85,476 -88,396

th Bnh -4,101 -77,253 -81,354

N dnh 242 -78,621 -78,379

Bn tr -5,718 -70,715 -76,433

H tnh -1,269 -68,954 -70,222

dn thp -863 -66,534 -67,397

tn gn -2,327 -61,599 -63,926

C m -4,045 -56,411 -60,456

Pv U ru t

Qn Nnh 16,696 -4,906 11,791

g l 4,453 8,249 12,702

B R-Vn t 21,347 -664 20,683

H Phn 26,451 -2,580 23,872

dk-Nn 6,270 22,511 28,780

d Nn 66,672 -3,575 63,097

dn N 78,680 72,370 151,050

H N 156,983 135,443 292,426

Bnh dn 99,438 366,632 466,070

H Ch mnh Cy 778,113 127,218 905,331


41/140


t 2.5: Pv m -pv m pp

ppu, 2009

Note: Highlighted provinces were also the ones with largest number o net migrants

6. Migrant laboUr and liVing standards

Migrant labour

Cn rv h rn n wrkn (15 55) h hhr kh vr

hvn rcv rnn, .. rr prprn pp h vr rcv rnn, hn

nn-rn h rp ( Fr 2.16). th nn cnrb rhr vnc

ppr h cn hyph h rn y hv r c cp hn nn-rn

bc c cp wh nb crn pp v (uNFPa 2007). th r p h

rn rcvn r w bn hy n rn wrkr hrh n-rn n rn

nn r w hy rn wrkr hrh -rn.

inr-rc rn h hhr kh vr hvn rcv rnn hn nr-rc

rn. on h hr hn, nr-prvnc rn h wr kh hvn vr rcv

rnn hn bh nr- n nr-rc rn.

Bh rn n nn-rn ppn hr cn r r rnn.

Fr, h kh vr hvn rcv rnn cr bwn 1989 n 1999 b hnncr bny vr h 1999 2009 pr. scny, h hhr kh

hvn rcv rnn hn .

Pv (%) U ru

thnh H 0.6 -6,172 -192,107

C m 0.7 -4,045 -56,411

Bc gn 0.8 -921 -57,217

th Bnh 0.8 -4,101 -77,253

Qn N 0.8 -2,934 -51,511

Bc l 0.8 -1,089 -34,326

an gn 0.9 -2,920 -85,476

sc trn 0.9 -840 -53,202

Qn Bnh 1 -1,894 -33,950

Ph Yn 1 -271 -21,184

Pv (%) U ru

l Ch 4.9 7,669 3,388l dn 4.9 15,980 -7,021

Cn th 5.1 32,625 -28,382

B R - Vn t 6.3 21,347 -664

H N 6.6 156,983 135,443

dk Nn 9.4 6,270 22,511

d Nn 10.1 66,672 -3,575

dn N 10.4 78,680 72,370

HCm Cy 15.7 778,113 127,218

Bnh dn 36.6 99,438 366,632

6 accrn h crrn lbr C, wrkn wrkr bwn 15 n 60 n wrkn

wrkr bwn 15 n 55. any n h nrph h rp 15 55 r

wrkn bh n wrkr.


42/140


u 2.16: Pp 1555 v v v , 1989-2009

Cn rv h rr--rbn rn h wr kh hvn vr rcv

rnn hn rbn--rr rn (Fr 2.17). th nn w xpc vn h rr

vby rnn nn n rbn r. i w rnb r h rn

n h nn-rn n rbn r h cnrby hhr kh hvn vr rcv

rnn hn nn-rn n rr r.

Rr r rn wrkr hrh rr--rbn rn n n rn wrkr

hrh rbn--rr rn nc h kh hvn rnn n rr--

rbn rn w hhr hn n nn-rn n rr r n h kh hvn

rnn n rbn--rr rn w hhr hn n nn-rn n rr r.

sry, rbn r rn wrkr hrh rbn--rr rn. i hr y

whhr rbn r rr r n r r rn bwn rbn n rr r. on n

hn, rbn r n n ch r rr--rbn rn rr r n r

rbn--rr rn nc rr--rbn rn h wr kh hvn rnn

hn h nn-rn n rbn r. on h hr hn, rbn r n r bc h

nbr rr--rbn rn w r rr hn h nbr rbn--rr rn.

mrvr, rbn r y hv n r rr--rbn rn h ppnprv br h hh n r n r w-k br n rbn r.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Intra-district

migrant

Inter-district

migrant

Inter-provincial

migrant

Non-migrant

1989 1999 2009

%


43/140


u 2.17: Pp u 1555 m , 1999-2009

Migration and living standards

snc h Cn p n hv nrn rrn nc n br rc

prcpn, rc r hh vn nr n vb. Hwvr, h Cn

p nc ch nrn rfcn vn nr hh. a hh

vn nr r w cnrc n ccn vp by g. thhh vn nr cr w cnrc n prncp cpnn ny b

n nrn rrn wnrhp vn rn (tV, phn, cpr, whn

chn, rrrr, r cnnr, rbk), r yp n (yp hn, yp

ckn , rc rnkn wr, yp ), hn cnrcn r (w n

rn), w h nr h wn. Hh vn nr wr c n v

qn: vry hh, hh, vr, w, vry w. i h b n h h vn nr r

cp ncr; n ny rfc vn cnn b cnc cnn h

hh. i h b n h ncn w r hh vn nr hh n

h rpr rn hrh h v qn n rv r cpr hr hh

n h ppn, n n hrh hr n ncn, r xp, ncn h

pr n rn h pvry hrh by h mnry lbr, inv n sc ar.

in nr, w n h rn h hhr vn nr hn nn-rn: h prprn

rn hvn vry hh vn nr w bny hhr hn h nn-rn

wh h pp n w n whn kn h hr ppn wh vry w vn

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

Non-migrant in

urban areas

Non-migrant in

rural areas

R-U migrant U-R migrant

1999 2009

%

7 s appnx 5 h nrph by Chrph Z. g n sx R Brh r r . g-

n h vrb ccnc (ses).


44/140


nr (Fr 2.18). an, h nn ppr h rn h rn h rr

c cp hn nn-rn. sr h nn r qy wrkr, h p

h rn rcvn r hv r vn n rn nn r n hv r

vn. th n prv r vnc r h rnhp bwn rn n

ncr nqy h ry bn n n hr (Nyn 2009).

u 2.18: hu v m -m ppu 2009

Cprn vn nr bwn rr n rbn r cry hw h rr rn

h ch wr vn nr hn rbn rn. Fr 2.19 hw h wh 6% nn-

rn n rbn r h vry w vn nr, 18% nn-rn n rr r ; n

cnr, wh r hn h nn-rn n rbn r h vry hh vn nr, ny

15% h nn-rn n rr r . th qn h r hw rr--rbn n rbn-

-rr rn chn h pcr.

i w nrn n h rr--rbn rn h hhr vn nr hn n ny

nn-rn n rr r b nn-rn n rbn r hr ppn hr n h

vry hh vn nr rp w hh wh r hn w-hr (67%) bnn h

vry hh vn nr cry cpr ny 42% r rbn--rr rn, 52% r

rbn nn-rn, n 15% r rr nn-rn. th r h wh rr--rbn

rn y prv vn nr rn, h n b n

chv h r h mdg, .. rc xr pvry n hnr; n c, rr--rbn

rn c rr nqy bwn h nn n rcvn r. th r

prpr rbn r y n r wh h prr rr r y hrh h rr--

rbn rn rr--rbn rn n c r whr hh.

127 5

15

14

97

19

16

1113

21

22

24 32

21

36

5043

24

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Intra-district

migrant

Inter-district

migrant

Inter-

provincial

migrant

Non-migrant

Very

high

High

Average

Low

Very low

%


45/140


lvn nr rbn--rr rn wr wr hn vn nr nn-rn n

rbn r b hhr hn h nn-rn n rr r. th, rbn--rr rn

y bn bh rbn n rr r n rc h cnc p bwn h r.

u 2.19: hu v m u u ,

2009

i h b n h nn n h nrph c r h nrn vb r

Cn . th pc rn n rr n rbn r n ry ch r cpc

n n rqr ch rchr hn r vb n h Cn. ohr nrnn r r cprhnv ny nc n nnc n n-kn rrc h

hh nv n rn vn rbn r, rnc n ch n n kn h rn

n r c hr n rv n rr r, nry n nn-nry ppr

h rn prv hr br h hh nb hr rn r yn r

wrkn, h v cnrbn h rnr rr n rbn r, c. mrvr, nn

r h nrph ny rfc h c-cnc cnn prnn rn wh wr

cpr n h Cn; prry rn r n r h pcr hy wr n cpr

n h Cn. W w hv vry rn pcr prry rn wr nc bc

h rn y hv ch wr vn nr hn prnn rn n nn-

rn (dn . 2003; WB 2003; Kp n Bnchb 2004; Nyn n Wh 2007; Nyn

2009). Nvrh, nn r Cn h, r prnn rn, phnnn rn r h w-knwn brn rn n n nrnn rn

r prnn rn .

6

18

29

9

22

4

11

12

24

8

16

21

22

20

23

52

15

67

42

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Non-migrant

in urban areas

Non-migrant

in rural areas


Very

high

High

Average

Low

Very low

%


46/140


7. Migration and schooling

mrn y hv bh nv n pv c n cn. Fr ny , rn

w n n hhr n/r br cn, pcy r hr chrn. Fr ny

hr, rpn, ncn cn rpn ccpnyn rn cn hv ncn

nv pc n rn n hr y br.

in h nrph, w wr nr n prry cn nc chvn nvr

prry cn r rp pp w n mdg (uN 2010). th 2009 Cn hw

h h prprn rn ny yp (nr-rc, nr-rc n nr-prvnc) 15

n bv wh h cp prry cn w ncny hhr hn h nn-rn

ppn ( Fr 2.20). th nn w n n bh h n ppn.

Fr h nn-rn n rn rp, h prprn h ppn 15 n r

wh h cp prry cn n w hhr hn n . a ncb

r wh rr h ncr w h h rnc r p bwn n w

rr n h nn-rn ppn. th nn p h h mdg nr qy

ky b chv n h rn ppn br h nn-rn ppn.u 2.20: Pp ppu 15 v mp pm

u , 2009

Fr 2.21 prv rhr vnc h hhr prprn rn hv cp prrycn n rp n h p bwn h h rn nchn

xcp r h 1519 yr rp. Wh r hn 90% ppn 15-19 yr

hvn cp prry cn, hr w n rnc bwn h vr rn

rp. mrvr, h r hw vry pv rn n cn nn r bh

rn n nn-rn ppn: ynr pp hv h r cn pprn,

n h hhr kh cpn prry cn.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Intra-district

migrant

Inter-district

migrant

Inter-provincial

migrant

Non-migrant

Male Female

%


47/140


u 2.21: Pp ppu 15 v mp pm

u m u u , 2009

an nn-rn, rn rr r h wr prprn h ppn 15

n r wh h cp prry cn cpr wh rn n rbn r. Bh

rr--rbn n rbn--rr rn h hhr prprn h ppn 15 n

r wh h cp prry cn hn nn-rn rr whhr hy v n

rbn r rr r ( Fr 2.22).

th r nc h rn, n n Cn , n rqr hhr prry c nn prry cn; hwvr, nn-rn vn n rr r . in

n, h r nc h rn h c bh nn n rn r; pc

nn n wh pc rn hhr qy wrkr hrh rn. an, h

nn vry r h w-knwn brn rn phnn n n nrnn rn

.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65 -69 70-74 75-79 80 +

Non-migrant Intra-district migrant

Inter-district migrant Inter-provincial migrant

%


48/140


u 2.22: Pp ppu 15 v mp pm

u m u u , 2009

Cpr rn, nn-rn h rny hhr prprn ch chrn (6

10 yr ) nn prry ch ( Fr 2.23). s 97% nn-rn chrn

6 10 wr crrny nn ch n 2009; h prprn w 96% r nr-rc

n nr-rc rn n 91% r nr-prvnc rn. apprny, vn whn

prvnc bnr h ny nr pc wh vn cr prvnc bnry h

wh rr pc n cn rpn chrn.

u 2.23: s u 6 10, 1989-2009

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Non-migrant in

urban areas

Non-migrant in

rural areas


Male Female

%

77

96

6774

96

6575

91

68

79

97

22

3

3124

3

3224

5

30

20

3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1999

2009

1989

1999

2009

1989

1999

2009

1989

1999

2009




Non-migrant

Neverattended

Everattended

Attending

%


49/140


th rnc bwn rn n nn-rn ppn wh rr ch nnc

w crr n rr n whn n h n chrn 11 18 r h

nr r chrn n wr n ppr cnry ch ( Fr 2.24). s 75%

nn-rn chrn 11 18 wr nn ch n 2009. sch nnc r wr

64%, 71% n 44% r nr-rc, nr-rc n nr-prvnc rn rpcvy. an,

prvnc bnry h cr pc n cn rpn chrn.

u 2.24: s 11 18, 1989-2009

8. Migration and hoUsing

Hh ppr n hr h mdg. th gvrnn Vn h rn

cn nr hh r . ahh h 1999 n 2009 Cn n nc rc r hh, hy nc ky c rnn hh: phyc cnn h

h, h wr n h hync c. th 1989 Cn n hv

ch nrn n hnc ny n h wn cn cvr ny h w cn.

Housing status

th 1999 n 2009 Cn qn b hn r. in h 1999 Cn, hn

w rcr b n -n by h rpnn n brvn by h nrr.

Fr cr wn wr rcr: prnn, -prnn, rb w r,

n p wn. in h 2009 Cn, hn w b n hr qn

rrn h n r pprn cn (r pprn w), h r, n w. gso

vp n ncr hn b n h hr qn.8 Hwvr, cnrcn

h vrb w cnn.9 thrr, h nrph py h n rn r

cnrc pr vrb rn hn . Hn w c n hr

cr: prnn (cncr r), -prnn ( r n r), n p h (,

76

64 55

72 71

52 55

44

59

73 75

21

33

38

25 28

44 4155

34

24 24 24

4 3 73

25 4

17 4

2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1999

2009

1989

1999

2009

1989

1999

2009

1989

1999

2009




Non-migrant

Neverattended

Everattended

Attending

%

8 s CCsC, 2010 r h nn n h rnn ch ncr.


50/140


rw, ppr r). Fr rn cnncy cr , rb w r h n p

wn cr hn n h 1999 Cn wr cbn n n rp ny

h p wn yp. Bc rnc n h cnrcn h hn vrb

bwn 1999 n 2009, n rcn cpr hn bwn h w yr,

r cprn , h b n wh r cr.

in nr, rn h br hn hn nn-rn; h rfc cry n h prprn pp n ch rp wnn p wn n prnn wn hwn n Fr 2.25.

Cpr 1999, h p n hn bwn rn n nn-rn w r n

2009. an h rn ppn, nr-rc rn h br hn hn nr-

rc rn n nr-prvnc rn; n h r w rp rn h vry

r hn .

u 2.25: hu u pp 5 p m, 1999-2009

9 th hn ccn h CCsC n 2009 n rb r n rfc ry. Fn-

n r h 1999 Cn nc h h prprn hh wh prnn wn n rbn

r w rr hn n rr r n nn r h 2009 Cn nc h pp r. Fn-

n r h 2009 Cn r qnb bc rbn r hv rcv rr nvn n

hv vp r pc vr h 10 yr cpr rr r. R vr vrb

n h 2009 Cn nc rr vn rbn r cpr rr r. th q-

nb nn h rhr n h hn vrb n. th cc-

n hn n h nrph p b cnr b r rb h

rn crrn hr ccnc vrb n h Cn n cnn wh r h 1999

Cn.

19 18

28 2419 16

13

17

78

43

73

48

82

50

77

36

4

29

3

33

2

37

5

45

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1999 2009 1999 2009 1999 2009 1999 2009

Intra-district

migrant

Inter-district

migrant

Inter-provincial

migrant

Non-migrant

Simple

Semi-permanent

Permanent

%


51/140


urbn vn wr n n hn (Fr 2.26). Nn-rn n rbn r

h br hn hn nn-rn n rr r; rbn nn-rn h bny rr

prprn pp vn n prnn wn n r prprn pp vn n

p wn.

Hn rn w r hn nn-rn vn n h nn

r. Hn rbn--rr rn w vry r h nn-rn vn nrr r. Rr--rbn rn n 1999 h r hn h nn-rn n

rbn r b rr--rbn rn n 2009 h wr hn hn nn-rn n

rbn r; hwvr, n bh yr, hr hn w ch br hn nn-rn n

rr r. th nn py h hn rn br r rn r rr

rbn r, prbby bc rr vby br hn n rbn r; b h

vn h n vr .

u 2.26: hu u pp 5 m u

u , 1999-2009

Sae water or cooking and drinking

in h 2009 Cn, wr w n : cn r n nr r pbc p, br w,

prc w r rn wr.10 th 1999 Cn pr b cnn nn

wr r ckn n rnkn.

R r bh cn hw h h prprn pp n wr r ckn

n rnkn w hhr n h rn hn h nn-rn ppn. an h rn

ppn, nr-rc n nr-prvnc rn h hhr prprn pp n

10 s CCsC, 2010b r nn n cnrcn h ncr.

26 26

914

2820

11 14

54

72

49

79 52

79

50

83

20

2

42

7

20

1

38

4

0

20

40

60

80

100

1999 2009 1999 2009 1999 2009 1999 2009

Non-migrant in

urban areas

Non-migrant in

rural areas


Simple

Semi-permanent

Permanent

%


52/140


wr hn nr-rc rn. th prprn pp n wr h prv vr h

c r rp rn n r nn-rn ( Fr 2.27).

u 2.27: Pp pp 5 u ,

1999-2009

Cr prvn n cc wr w n h prprn pp n wr n

2009 w hhr hn n 1999 r rp rn n r nn-rn. R nc

rbn-rr pr; n rbn r, rr rn , h prprn pp n

wr w bny hhr hn n rr r ( Fr 2.28). th vby wr

n rbn r w pprny n xpnn r h rnc. Hwvr, w n h ny n;h hhr prprn pp n wr n rbn--rr rn cpr nn-

rn n rr r nc h prnc hr rnn wr .

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100




Non-migrant

1999

2009

%


53/140


u 2.28: Pp pp 5 u m

u u , 1999-2009

Sanitation

Hync c wr n fh wh pc nk r w pp n h 2009

Cn.11 thr cr c wr cr: hync ( c); hr (nn-

hync c); n nn (r h hh n hv c). Frny, h

1999 Cn h r nrn h nb cr xcy h cr

c.

Vry cr prvn n c wr brv vr h c wh n ncr nh prprn pp n hync c n cr n h prprn hvn n

c n 2009 cpr 1999 n rp rn n n nn-rn.

i w cnny n n bh h 1999 n 2009 Cn h h nn-rn ppn

h h prprn pp n hync c n h r prprn

pp hvn n c cpr rp rn. thr n ncn rnc

n h rn rn ppn. th prprn pp hvn hync c

n nr-prvnc rn w rr hn n nr-rc rn b r hn

n nr-rc rn n 1999. Hwvr, hr w b chn n h nr-prvnc

rn ppn vr h c n h ppn h h hh prprn pp

n hync c n 2009: 83% nr-prvnc rn hv hync cwh h prprn r ny 79%, 63% n 50% r nr-rc, nr-rc rn, n nn-

rn rpcvy ( Fr 2.29).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Non-migrant inurban areas

Non-migrant inrural areas


1999

2009

%

11 s CCsC, 2010b r nn n cnrcn h ncr.


54/140


u 2.29: tp u m pp 5 p m,

1999-2009

th br vn cnn rbn rn w n pprn n r c

(Fr 2.30). urbn rn, rr hr rn , h rr prprn pp

n hync c n r prprn pp hvn n c hn rr

rn. Hync c wr r cny n rr--rbn rn (65%

n 1999 n 87% n 2009) hn n ny nn-rn n rr r (5% n 1999 n 41% n 2009)b nn-rn n rbn r (58% n 1999 n 79% n 2009). th r w xpc vn

h hhr vn nr rr--rbn rn cpr nn-rn n rbn r.

urbn--rr rn h ch br hync c hn nn-rn n rr

r b wr hn n nn-rn n rbn r. an, h prn w cnn wh

prn n n vn nr n c cn bwn vn nr n

h yp c .

3863

5479

4683

17

50

5031

3617

41

13

67

42

13 7 10 4 13 3 16 9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1999 2009 1999 2009 1999 2009 1999 2009

None

Other

Hygienic

toilet

Intra-district

migrant

Inter-district

migrant

Inter-provinical

migrant

Non- migrant


55/140


u 2.30: tp u m pp 5 m

u u , 1999-2009

an, prn n h h nn r nry ny rvn r prnn rn

prry rn wr n w cpr n h Cn . th br- pn n

prnn rn n h wr- pn n prry rn n cprn h

nn-rn ppn hv bn n n hr (djb . 1999; Nyn n Wh

2002; dn . 2003).

58

79

5

41

65

87

26

66

34

17

77

50

29

10

61

27

84

1810 6

3

146

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1999 2009 1999 2009 1999 2009 1999 2009

Non-migrant in

urban areas

Non-migrant in

rural areas


None

Other

Hygienictoilet%


56/140


57/140


ar vr 20 yr d m (Rnvn), Vn h nrn rc pr

rbnzn. accrn nrn cc r 63 prvnc n c by h dprn

urbn dvpn (mnry Cnrcn 2010), h nn rbn y h bn

xprncn chn n bh qy n qny. in 1990, hr w ny b 500 rbn r

nnw, by 2000 h r h ncr 649 n by 2003 h rch 656. th crrn

rbn y cn 753 rbn r, ncn h 2 pc rbn r Hn n H Ch

mnh Cy, 9 rbn r r i, 12 rbn r r ii, 45 r iii, 41 r iV n 643

r V (ccnn r 86%). an n chn nn n rn rbn cnr h kn

r. Nn rbn cnr nc Hn, H Ch mnh Cy, H Phn, d Nn, H, n Cn

th. Rn rbn cnr nc c k: Bn H, Vn t, Bn m th, Nh trn, Ndnh, th Nyn, c. Prvnc rbn cnr nc c n wn ncnn h cnr

nrn, pc, cnc, cr, r, rvc, n rnprn nwrk;

rc rbn cnr; rbn cnr rr rn r, nw rbn vpn. th rbn

prprn h ppn h ncr r 23.7% n 1999 29.6% n 2009 (25.4 n rbn

rn n 85.8 n pp n h nn ppn).

urbn cnr x hrh h cnry. Hwvr, h prc rbnzn h n kn

pc vny. Nrhrn r hv bny wr rbn ppn hn shrn r. th

prn cn b n cry n mp 3.1 n 3.2, whch r h prprn h ppn

vn n rbn r n 1999 n 2009.

chaPter 3: urbanizatiOn and urban

GrOwth


58/140


Mp 3.1: Pp ppu v u , 1999


59/140


60/140


61/140


c; nnr n r r prvnc wn n h nry rc wnhp. accrn

c h dprn urbn dvpn, mnry Cnrcn, by Jn 2010 h

ppn rbn r w 33.12 n, ccnn r 38.6% h nn ppn,

n whch h nnr cy ppn w 26 n, ccnn r 30.5% nn ppn. th,

hr rnc bwn h w ncr, rbn ppn n ppn nnr

c (r rbn ppn nwy n). in h nrph, nr cprn wh hr h 1999 Cn, h rbn ppn w b n p n dcr 72/2001/Nd-

CP, .. rn nnr c, nnr prvnc wn n rc wnhp, r h nr

2009 Cn r pbh by h gnr sc oc.

Urban classifcation

Rrn rbn ccn, h h r nrph cprn rn yp rbn

r, hrr w h c ccn r cprn chrcrc rn rbn

r, cnrn dcr 42/2009 Nd-CP, 7 my 2009 h c n c r 2 Jy

2009, ccrn whch rbn r n Vn r v n 6 r w: pc r,

r i, r ii, r iii, r iV, n r V pprv n rcnz by h cpn

ncy. spccy:

1. spc-r rbn cnr nc cnry rn c wh rbn rc, rr rc n

rbn cnr. Vn h w pc rbn r: Hn n H Ch mnh Cy.

2. gr i rbn r nc cnry rn c wh rbn rc n rr rc n

pby ch rbn cnr; n prvnc c wh wr n cn. thr r 7

r i rbn r.

3. gr ii rbn r cn prvnc c wh wr n cn. thr r 14 r

ii rbn r.

4. gr iii rbn r nc prvnc c r wn wh wr n cn. thr r

45 r iii rbn r.

5. gr iV rbn r cn prvnc wn wh wr n cn r rc

wnhp wh cn r qrr.

6. gr V rbn r r rc wnhp wh cn r qrr n pby rr

rn cr.

th nrph c rbn r b n h gvrnn dcr n rn rbn cnr

(br h 2009 Cn). a rbn r pc r (Hn n H Ch mnh

Cy), r i, ii, iii, iV n V r prv n appnx tb a-3.1 n a-3.2. in h ny n h

cn, w cbn r iV n V rbn r n n rp. th prprn h ppn

n ch r rbn r w: spc r: 9.5%; gr i: 3.8%; gr ii: 3.7%; gr iii:4.5%; gr iV & V: 8.1%. th v rbnzn n rbn z r cr r

rbn r ncr, .., h pc r h h hh v rbnzn.

2. Urbanization in VietnaM

ar rchn n rbn prprn h ppn 10% n b 1950, h p rbnzn

ncr, h by 1975, 21.5% h ppn v n rbn r. Hwvr, n h pr, hr


62/140


wr rn rnc bwn h Nrh n h sh. th v rbnzn cr

hy n h Nrh, wh ncr bny n h sh. ar h cnry w rn,

hr w bn cn n h rbn prprn h ppn hrh h cnry

n 1982, whn h n 18.4%. snc hn, h v rbnzn h ncr ry

20% n by 2009 h rch 29.6% ( Fr 3.1)

u 3.1: Pp ppu v u , 19312009

Sources:

Fr 19311988: tb 14, p 106 n F. gnr, V. Fv n dn th (1997).

Dmographie de la pninsule indochinoise. Paris: ESTEM

From 19892008 : Census 1989, 1999 and website o the GSO.

2009 : Census 2009

Cpr hr cnr wh rbn prprn h ppn rnn r 6% n Rwn

100% n cy , Vn, wh nry 30% ppn vn n rbn r,

cry n hhy rbnz cnry. Hwvr, n h rn r hr cnr n h

rn bn . in 1970, h v rbnzn n Vn w r h cnr

n sh a n hr pr a, xcp W a ( tb a-3.3). Hwvr, h v

rbnzn n sh a vr h 25 yr h 20h cnry ncr cnrby

37%, wh n Vn rn w j vr 20% h ppn n rbn r (tb a-3.4). accrn h 1999 Cn, 23.7% h ppn r n rbn r n h

r r 2009 nc h 29.6% h ppn rbn, wr hn h vr rbn

prprn n sh a 10 yr prvy.14

15.0

17.2

21.5

24.725.8

26.9

29.6

7.57.9

8.79.2

10.011.0

20.7

27.5

20.719.7

19.0

19.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1931

1936

1939

1943

1951

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1991

1995

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

Year

%

14 accrn h Wr Bnk (2008: 518520), n 2005, h rbn prprn h ppn n sh

an cnr r w: Brn: 73.5%; Cb: 19.7%; inn: 48.1%; l: 20.6%; my:

67.3%; mynr: 30.7%; h Phppn: 62.7%; thn: 32.3%; etr: 26.5%; n snpr: 100%


63/140


th w v rbnzn n Vn h bn xpn by h mnry Cnrcn (1992:

65-66) w:

1. in Vn, c r r n vp nrv/ncn cnr. ony rcny

hv nw c ppr h r cnc vpn.

2. Frn n vpn c n Vn w p by ) ck jb pprn

n ) pr chnc nrrcr (h, wr ppy, crcy, rnpr, hp,

ch, c n pr rbn nn)

3. thr nncy ppr pcy bnc rwh rc h p bwn rbn

n rr r n n h prc, br c n hv ppn rwh n

cnr n-rn.

3. Urban PoPUlation: distribUtion and change in size

3.1.U ppu

th rbn hr h ppn n nr cr rn. th rbn prprn h

ppn n h sh ncny hhr hn n hr rn (nry 60% cpr

b 2030% n hr rn), w by h R Rvr d n h Cnr Hhn.

Hwvr, wrh nn h prn r cnr cy-prvnc15 n rn rrbn

ppn. in h sh, h prnc H Ch mnh Cy, h rbn prprn

h ppn ncr r 30.1% 57.1%. in h R Rvr d, wh h prnc Hn

n H Phn, h rbn prprn h ppn ncr r 19.9% 29.2%. sry,

wh h prnc d Nn n Cn th, h rbn prprn ppn n h Cnr C

n h mkn Rvr d ncr by b 4 prcn pn (s tb 3.1).

t 3.1: U ppu , 2009

un: prcn

reu 5 -

pv

iu 5

pv

Nrhrn mn n mnn 16.0 16.0

R Rvr d 19.9 29.2

Nrh n sh Cnr C 20.9 24.1

Cnr Hhn 27.8 27.8

sh 30.1 57.1

mkn Rvr d 19.6 22.8

5 cnr cy- prvnc 62.7 62.7

15 Cnr cy-prvnc r 5 ncp h r nrvy qvn prvnc n rcy

nr h cnr vrnn ncn Hn, H Ch mnh Cy, H Phn, d Nn n Cn th


64/140


3.2 U

accrn h 2009 Cn n Vn, c wr c n h wn z: C

wh ppn 2 000 000 r r, nhbn ccn r 33.9% rbn ppn

n j 2 c; c hvn 500 000 hn 2 000 000 pp ccn r 12% h

rbn ppn, wh 4 c; c hvn 200 000 hn 500 000 nhbn ccn r

8.7% rbn ppn, wh 9 c; c hvn 100 000 hn 200 000 ccn r10.2% ppn, wh 17 c. Cpr prv cn, h nbr c wh

h cr ppn z n hr hr rbn ppn hv bn ncrn,

whch nc rn wr rr ppn cncnrn n b c ( tb 3.2).

t 3.2: U ppu : Vm, 1979-2009

Sources: 1979: Table 15, page 107 in F. Gendreau, V. Fauveau and Dang Thu (1997)

Dmographie de la pninsule indochinoise. Paris: ESTEM

1989: Table 1.7 in volume 1 o Vietnam, Central Census Steering Committee (1991) Vietnam Population Census -1989: Completed Census Results. Hanoi

1999: Census 1999

2009: Census 2009

c PpuU pp

ppu (%)

num u

2 000 000 m

1979 2 700 849 26.8 1

1989 2 899 753 22.8 1

1999 4 207 825 23.3 1

2009 8 612 920 33.9 2

500 000 2 000 000

1979 897 500 8.9 1

1989 1 089 760 8.6 1

1999 2 637 344 14.6 3

2009 3 052 870 12.0 4

200 000 500 0001979 703 863 7.0 2

1989 1 726 616 13.6 6

1999 1 394 137 7.7 5

2009 2 219 495 8.7 9

100 000 200 000

1979 1 855 274 18.4 11

1989 1 501 255 11.8 12

1999 2 349 359 13.0 16

2009 2 594 629 10.2 17


65/140


th prprn h rbn ppn cncnr n h r rbn cnr, .. h rbn

cnr wh h hh ppn z (n h c, H Ch mnh Cy), ccrn h 1999 Cn,

w 23.5% (4 204 662/17 918 217), whch b vr r sh a (rnn r 10.8% n

my h hh 55.4% n Cb [xcn h cy snpr]).

a h whn h 2009 Cn w cnc, h rbn ppn H Ch mnh Cy w 5

929 479, ccnn r 23.3% rbn ppn ( rbn ppn w 25 374 262).Cry h nc chn cpr h h 1999 Cn.

3.3 c ppu u

th rbn ppn rwh r n Vn h fc cnrby. drn h pr

r 19311995, Vn xprnc rp rwh n rbnzn wr h 1950 whn

h cn r c n n n n h 1970 whn pc w rr. th pc

rbnzn w n h 25 yr h 20h cnry. th hh nn rwh r w

n n 1941 (3.1%), 1957 (3.7%), 1967 (3.3%) n 1975 (3.3%). Fr 1995 2008, h rbn

rwh r ncr, n h rn r 3.0% 3.5%, wh xcpny hh yr k n

1997 whn w 9.2%, n n h 2 ccv yr 2003 n 2004 whn w 4.2%. on vr,n h pr r 19992009, h nn rbn ppn rwh r w 3.4%. snc 1995, h

rbn ppn rwh r Vn h n vr ch cpr hr sh an

cnr wh rbn ppn rwh r 3.6% n h pr 19952000 ( tb a-3.5).

Bwn h w cn 1999 n 2009, nn ppn ncr by 9.47 n pp,

whch 7.3 n (ccnn r 77%) w n rbn r. ( Fr 3.2).

u 3.2: U u ppu (%) Vm, 1931-2008

Sources: -1931-1993:In Table 14, in Gendreau, V. Fauveau and Dang Thu (1997). Dmographie de la pninsule in-

dochinoise. Paris: ESTEM: page 106.

-1994-2008 : Censuses 1989, 1999 and statistics o urban population on the GSO website.

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

%

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

1987

1986

1985

1984

1983

1982

1981

1.4

1.0

3.1

0.5

2.1

3.73.3

3.3

2.9 2.9

2.02.0 2.0

2.6

2.72.4

3.63.8 3.7

2.0

4.24.2

2.8

9.2


66/140


Fr 1979 2009, h nbr rbn r wh ppn 100 000 r r h n p. in

1979, hr wr ny 15 rbn r wh ppn 100 000 r r; h r ncr

20 by 1989, 25 by 1999 n 32 by 2009. s rbn cnr hv q hh ppn rwh

r, hwvr h cr pc h pcy rphc rccn cn b n, r xp

n H N (wh r nw rbn rc bn r n rbn r h rr H ty

prvnc bn r), Cn th (wh r nw rbn rc bn r r w

pr cnr cy-prvnc) ( tb a-3.6 n appnx).

in Vn, c r nrv n n hy nc rrry h cy cnr, ..

hy nc rr r. in 1989, hr qrr H Ch mnh Cy w rbn, wh ny hr

Hn n H Phn wr rbn ( tb 3.3). accrn h 1999 Cn, Hn h bc

cy wh rbn ppn ccnn r b 60% h bc h vr r h

cy h cr n h nnr cy r h xpn bwn h w Cn16. By 2009, h

rbn prprn h ppn n Hn cr h xpn rphc r h

ccrr whn rr H ty prvnc, wh r nbr rr rc, 4 rr cn

H Bnh prvnc n 1 rr rc Vnh Phc wr ncrpr n Hn.

t 3.3: U ppu h c M c h n: 1979-2009

Sources:

- 1979 and 1989: Tables 1.6 and 1.7 in volume 1 o Vietnam, Central Census Steering Committee (1991) VietnamPopulation Census - 1989: Completed Census Results. Hanoi

- 1999: Table 2 in chapter 9 and Table 2 in chapter 10 o Gubry, P., ed. (2000) Population et dveloppement au Vit-nam. Paris : Karthala and CEPED.

- 2009 : Census

urbn rwh pprn n Hn n H Ch mnh Cy. in h pr r 19891999 n 1999

2009, h ppn Hn n H Ch mnh Cy ncr by b 1.5 , ccnn r b

Ppu

c y t U ppu % U

H Ch mnh cy

1979 3 293 146 2 700 849 82.0

1989 3 924 435 2 899 753 73.9

1999 5 037 151 4 204 662 83.5

2009 7 123 340 5 929 479 83.2

H N

1979 2 456 928 897 500 36.5

1989 3 056 146 1 089 760 35.7

1999 2 672 122 1 553 866 58.2

2009 6 448 837 2 632 087 40.8

16 in 1990, chnn nrv bnry r, 7 rc wr n bn Hn cy. Chn

h ppn z Hn cr.


67/140


hr Vn rbn ppn. i wrh nn h, vn hh h b z h rbn

ppn Hn n H Ch mnh Cy hv bny ncr, h rbn ppn hr

h w c h n ncr cnny. in 1989, prvnc wh h hh rbn prprn

h ppn wr ny n h sh rn n h vcny H Ch mnh Cy. in 1999 n

2009, h prn rn, wh hh v rbnzn xpnn prvnc h Cnr

Hhn. in nr, prvnc wh w v rbnzn hv hh v -rn wh

prvnc wh hh v rbnzn n hv hh v n-rn ( Chpr 2).

4. Urban characteristics

4.1 dmp

th n x rcr h ppn prn n ppn pyr by r rbn

r n pry r rr r n Fr 3.3, prvn n vrvw h ppn rcr n

2009. in nr, h Vn ppn xhbn n n rn wh crn prprn

yn pp n n ncrn prprn h . th hrr nh h 3 bn h

b h pyr, r bh n n wn n rbn n rr r rfc rpy cnn

ry rn h c. in n, h ppn pyr hw hh prprn hppn n wrkn , ncn h ypc chrcrc n ppn rcr b

ncn bn chn nr nh jb r h prn h ppn.

u 3.3. Ppu pm u ( u ) u ,

2009

70+

60-64

50-54

40-44

30-34

20-24

10-14

0-4

70+

60-64

50-54

40-44

30-34

20-24

10-14

0-4

Special urban areas Grade I

Grade II Grade III

3.2 3.8 5.4

2.0

2.6

4.2

6.0

6.8

7.3

7.7

7.6

9.1

11.1

10.0

6.5

6.4

7.5

1.0

2.2

3.8

5.6

6.7

7.0

7.9

7.8

8.9

10.7

10.4

7.4

7.5

8.7

4.4

2.0

2.6

4.0

5.8

6.8

6.7

8.1

9.1

10.4

12.3

9.0

5.3

5.9

6.8

3.5

5.5

6.5

6.9

8.4

9.3

10.8

11.6

9.0

6.1

7.0

8.3

1.7

2.1

Male

Female

15 1510 105 5015 1510 105 50

15 1510 105 5015 1510 105 50

3.2 4.6 3.6 5.1

2.1

2.7

4.1

6.1

7.1

7.5

8.1

8.2

9.3

9.2

9.1

7.0

6.9

7.5

3.4

3.7

5.9

7.1

7.5

8.2

8.2

8.8

8.6

9.5

7.9

8.0

9.0

1.71.9

2.6

3.9

5.7

6.8

7.0

8.0

8.3

9.9

10.7

9.5

6.6

6.8

7.7

2.3

3.4

3.8

7.0

7.3

8.3

8.4

9.2

9.4

9.3

7.6

7.9

9.4


68/140


a cprn bwn r rbn r n rr r nc rhr r rnc n

h rcr h ppn pc r rbn r cpr wh rr r n h

hr r rbn r. th prprn ppn bwn 019 w n pc r

rbn r, wh h prprn h ppn n h 2039, h pr wrkn ,

hh n pc r rbn r. th nc ch hhr n r pyn n

h ppn n pc r rbn r cpr hr r.

th pnncy r h ppn cy c wh ppn rcr. th

ncr nc h brn n h wrkn ppn. tb 3.4 prn h pnncy

r by r rbn r n rr r n 2009. accrn t 2009 Vm Ppu

hu cu: M rpr, h pnncy r h ppn

(prcn h h 014 n 65 n r pr 100 pp n wrkn r 15

64) w 46.3%, h ch pnncy r (014 yr ) w 36.6% n h pnncy

r (65 yr n r) w 9.7%. th prprn r bwn rbn n rr r

w n rn r rbn r. th pnncy r h ppn n rr

r w hhr hn n rbn r, h rnc cry vn n h ch pnncy rrfcn hhr ry n rr r. a cprn n rn r rbn r hw

h h pnncy r n ncr h v rbnzn cr. th

pnncy r n pc r rbn r w 34%, n r i rbn r w 39.7%, n r

ii rbn r w 40.1%; n r iii rbn r w 41.6% n n r iV n V rbn r

w 44.6%. lw ry n r wh hh v rbnzn, cncnrn wrkn

ppn n h r, n h r nbr pp rnn n rr r r rn

r h bv prn h pnncy r. th, h brn n h wrkn ppn

hvr n rr r n rbn r wh wr v rbnzn hn n rbn r wh

hhr v rbnzn. i ncry n h cnn ry h bn vry

prn cr n rcn h pnncy r n rn r rbn r.

70+

60-64

50-54

40-44

30-34

20-24

10-14

0-4

Grade IV & V Rural areas

3.43.8 6.2

2.1

2.5

3.7

5.4

6.3

6.9

7.3

7.6

8.3

8.6

10.1

8.8

8.0

8.2

1.6

2.1

3.2

4.8

6.1

7.0

7.6

7.9

8.6

9.0

11.0

9.6

8.7

9.1

5.2

2.1

2.6

4.0

6.0

7.0

7.5

7.98.1

9.1

8.3

9.1

7.8

7.5

7.9

3.5

5.6

6.8

7.5

8.08.1

8.8

8.1

10.0

8.7

8.4

9.1

1.7

2.2

15 1510 105 50

Male

Female

15 1510 105 50


69/140


t 3.4: dp u ( u ) u/u ,

2009

un: Prcn

an prn rphc ncr n ny rbnzn hh z. tb 3.5 prn

h prcn rbn hh z n rbn r (by r rbn r) n n rrr. th prvn z hh n bh rbn n rr r cn 4 br. th

cn prvn z cnn 3 br. accrn c h 1999 Cn, h

cn hh z n rr r w 5 br. th rfc chn n ry n r

rn r rr r vr h 10 yr. th vr nbr hh br n

rbn r n 2009 w 3.78 n n rr r w 3.84, bn cr cpr h

1999 Cn (4.36 n rbn r n 4.56 n rr r). th cr n h p n hh z

bwn rbn n rr r bwn h w cn rfc h pc crn ry

n bh r n pnn rn r rr rbn r vr h c.

t 3.5: du u u ( u ) u

, 2009

un: Prcn

dp sp

g i g ii g

iii

g

iV & V

t

u

t

u

t

Ch pnncy r

(014)26.3 30.7 32.0 32.7 35.7 31.0 39.1 36.6

a pnncy r

(65+)7.6 9.0 8.0 8.9 8.9 8.4 10.3 9.7

t pnncy r 34.0 39.7 40.1 41.6 44.6 39.4 49.4 46.3

hu

(hh)

g u

t

ut u t

sp

g i

g

iig iii

g

iV & V

1 7.1 8.5 9.3 9.0 8.0 8.1 6.9 7.3

2 16.5 16.2 17.7 17.2 16.5 16.7 13.8 14.7

3 23.1 22.9 24.5 24.5 23.9 23.7 20.6 21.6

4 27.0 27.5 26.8 27.0 27.7 27.2 28.9 28.4

5 12.6 13.0 11.7 12.0 13.1 12.6 16.1 15.0

6 7.6 6.9 5.7 6.1 6.6 6.8 8.5 8.0


70/140


on vr, hh z n rbn r cr v rbnzn cn. Hh

z n h w pc rbn r w 3.8, n r i rbn r w 3. 7, wh n r ii, iii,

iV n V rbn r hh z wr 3.5, 3.6 n 3.6 rpcvy. Hwvr, hr n b

rnc n h prprn wh hh z p 5 br n rn r

rbn r. th prprn hh wh 10 r r br n pc r rbn r

bny hhr hn n hr r rbn r. th y b h cnqnc c

n nn pr hn n h hhr prprn hh wh v-n n h w

pc r rbn r.

th x r n h nbr n pr 100 wn. th x r n Vn h ncr

vr h p w c, pry rcvrn h x r h w nvy c by n pr wr17. in 1989, h x r w 94.7; n 1999 w 96.4 n by 2009 rch 98.1.

in nr, h x r n rbn r r r h n rr r. Hwvr, hr r cr

rnc n h x r cr rp. Fr h rp 09 yr, h x r n rbn

r bny hhr hn n rr r, wh r h rp 1519 yr hrh 6064

yr, h x r n rr r ch hhr hn n rbn r. Rrn h rp 65

n r, h pp n n h x r n rbn r hhr hn n rr r

( tb 3.6).

hu

(hh)

g u

t

ut u t

sp

g i

g

iig iii

g

iV & V

72.3 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.7 2.6

8 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3

9 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6

10 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.6

t 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N. HH 2 159 727 890 539 902 446 1 087 930 1 909 983 6 950 625 15 677 456 22 628 081

avr

HH z3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.8 3. 8

17 Rr cn rr r n h nrph a-sx srcr n mr s h Ppn n

Vn r rhr nrn n h .


71/140


t 3.6: s u , u ( u ) u

, 2009

un: N. n/100 wn

i nb h h x r r h 04 (rry nfnc by rn n hr cr) n

rr r 111, n n pc r rbn r rch 114, wh r h rp 59, h

rpcv r r 110 n 108 rpcvy. th nn r n prrnc n cc

h n n chny r c h x hr chrn. th bnc x r

brh n h b chn n pnn ppn pc prn.

incr rr r prn r rphc ny. in h 2009 Cn, pp

15 n r wr k b hr r h h cn. mr wv n 2 yp, vr-rr n nvr-rr. on h b, h prprn vr-rr,

nvr-rr, n rr wr cc.

tb 3.7 prn nrn n h prprn nvr-rr n h ppn by x,

rp, r rbn r n rr pc rnc n 2009. th rnc bwn rbn r

n rr r n h rcr r cn b n vry cry. th prprn h

ppn nvr-rr n rr r n b ch wr hn n rbn r rr

a

sp

g i g ii g iii

g iV

& V

t

u

t

u t

0-4 114 112 115 114 112 113 111 112

5-9 110 113 110 111 110 110 108 109

10-14 108 108 110 108 109 109 108 109

15-19 93 100 92 100 107 99 108 105

20-24 88 93 83 90 96 90 104 99

25-29 88 94 88 90 95 91 102 98

30-34 95 98 96 96 99 97 103 101

35-39 97 98 98 97 100 98 103 101

40-44 96 92 98 96 98 96 100 99

45-49 89 95 98 96 96 94 95 95

50-54 89 89 95 91 92 91 89 89

55-59 81 87 83 86 88 85 87 86

60-64 77 82 82 82 82 81 83 82

65-69 79 76 84 79 80 80 73 75

70+ 69 68 65 67 63 66 62 63

ovr x

r93 96 95 96 98 95 99 98


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h rp. a h , n v r hhr wr v rbnzn, (r

pc r hrh r iV), h prprn h ppn nvr-rr cr. th

r r bh n n wn. Fr xp, w k n 2024 yr (h r

rp n h n r rr), h nvr-rr prprn n cn

r 88.4% n pc r rbn r; 88.0% n r i rbn r; 84.6% n r ii rbn r;

83.5% n r iii rbn r; 78% n r iV n V rbn r; n 71.5% n rr r. a h

2529, h prprn r 52.8%; 49.1%, 45.0%; 42.8%; 37.5% n 31.2% rpcvy. Rrn

wn n h rp 2024, h rpcv prprn r 75.2%; 71.5%; 66.1%; 61.0%; 50.8%

n 42.8%.

t 3.7: Pp v-m , , u ( u ) u

, 2009

un: Prcn

a upsp

g i g ii g iii

g iV

& V

t

u

t

ut

Ml

1519 99.0 99.1 99.1 98.8 98.6 98.9 97.4 97.8

2024 88.4 88.0 84.6 83.5 78.0 84.8 71.5 75.6

2529 52.8 49.1 45.0 42.8 37.5 46.1 31.2 35.8

3034 22.9 18.2 16.3 16.1 13.1 17.9 9.6 12.1

3539 14.1 10.3 7.8 8.4 6.4 9.9 4.2 5.9

4044 9.7 5.4 4.9 4.8 3.6 6 2.1 3.3

4549 6.4 3.7 3.5 2.7 2.0 3.9 1.2 2

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7 Monograph Migration Urbanization