7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Pg. 174

A. Comparing the Cell to a Factory

• 1. Eukaryotic cells contain many structures that work together like the parts of a factory.

• 2. Organelles (Little Organs) act like specialized organs.

A. Comparing the Cell to a Factory• 3. Eukaryotic cells are divided into 2 parts– A. Nucleus- Contains genetic material; control

center.– B. Cytoplasm- portion of cell outside of nucleus.

B. Nucleus

• 1. Control Center of the Cell• 2. Contains almost all DNA (instructions for

making proteins and other molecules)• 3. Surrounded by a nuclear envelope made of

2 membranes.

B. Nucleus

• 4. Chromatin, DNA bound to protein is inside the nucleus .

• 5. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes.

• 6. Most nuclei contain a nucleolus, location where ribosome assembly begins.

True or False

• Eukaryotes have a nucleus.• Prokaryotes have a nucleus.• DNA is always inside of a nucleus.

C. Ribosomes

• 1. Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm.

• 2. Proteins are assembled on ribosomes.

D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• 1. Location where lipid (fat) components of the cell membrane are made along with proteins and other materials sent outside of the cell.

D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• 2. Rough ER- Ribosomes on surface; Prepare proteins for export (exiting cell).

D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• 3. Smooth ER- NO Ribosomes on surface; Special Enzymes (Proteins) that form a specifc task.– Example: Liver cells lots of smooth ER to detox

drugs.

E. Golgi Apparatus

• 1. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in cell or exit out of cell.

Matching!

• Rough ER• Smooth ER• Golgi Apparatus

• Modifies, sorts and packages proteins

• Prepare proteins for exit• Contain Special

Enzymes that perform special tasks

F. Lysosomes

• 1. Small organelles filled with enzymes.• 2. Removal of “junk” from the cell– Break down lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and

old organelles

G. Vacuoles

• 1. Pocket-like structure used for storage of water, salts, carbohydrates, and proteins.

H. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

• 1. Mitochondria- organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds usable for the cell.

H. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

• 2. Chloroplasts- organelles that capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Mitochondria2

Chloroplasts21

I. Cytoskeleton

• 1. Network of protein filaments that helps the cell keep shape and used for movement.

I. Cytoskeleton

• 2. Microfilaments- threadlike structure made from the protein Actin. Produce a tough flexible framework.

I. Cytoskeleton

• 3. Microtubules- hollow structure made of the protein Tubulin. Maintain cell shape and play a role in cell division.