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Biology Week 14Biology Week 14 Eukaryotic Cell Structure Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Ch. 7.3 Ch. 7.3 pg 179pg 179
NucleusNucleus• The central The central organelleorganelle that that
managesmanages and and controlscontrols cellular cellular functionsfunctions
•Stores genes on chromosomes•Organize genes into chromosomes to allow cell division.•Transport products via nuclear pores•Produce messages (messenger Ribonucleic acid or mRNA) that code for proteins•Produce ribosomes in the nucleolus•Organize the uncoiling of DNA to replicate key genes
Plasma membrane Plasma membrane (aka Cell membrane)(aka Cell membrane)
• composed of a phospholipid composed of a phospholipid bi-layerbi-layer• a flexible boundary between the cell a flexible boundary between the cell
and its environmentand its environment• which allows nutrients to come into which allows nutrients to come into
the cell and wastes to leavethe cell and wastes to leave
Cell wallCell wall A A structure located structure located
on the on the outside the outside the plasma membraneplasma membrane, , provides provides supportsupport and and protection, fairly rigidprotection, fairly rigid
Does not select Does not select which molecules can which molecules can enter and exit enter and exit
chromatinchromatin
Strands of Strands of genetic materialgenetic material, , DNADNA, in , in the nucleusthe nucleus
Contains the master set of directions Contains the master set of directions for for making proteinsmaking proteins
nucleolusnucleolus
The big dark The big dark spot in the spot in the nucleusnucleus
Makes Makes ribosomesribosomes
ribosomeribosome They look like little They look like little dotsdots on the on the nucleus, ER nucleus, ER and in and in
thethe cytoplasm cytoplasm Where the cell Where the cell producesproduces proteins proteins They are They are notnot true organellestrue organelles
cytoplasmcytoplasm
The clear The clear gelatinous fluid in gelatinous fluid in the areathe area outside outside of the nucleusof the nucleus
All of the All of the organellesorganelles are are suspendedsuspended (float) (float) in itin it
endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum aka Transport tubesaka Transport tubes
The The site of site of cellular cellular chemical reactionschemical reactions
aka aka transport tubestransport tubes A series of highly A series of highly
folded folded membranesmembranes, , like an accordionlike an accordion
Sites where Sites where ribosomes are ribosomes are attached are called attached are called roughrough
Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus aka Golgi Bodiesaka Golgi Bodies
Sorts Sorts proteinsproteins and and packs them into packs them into vesiclesvesicles to be sent to be sent to appropriate to appropriate destinations (like destinations (like mail being sorted at mail being sorted at the post office)the post office)
vacuolevacuole
Bag-like storage Bag-like storage structurestructure
Used for temporary Used for temporary storagestorage of of food, food, enzymes, wasteenzymes, waste and and other materials other materials
Can take up to Can take up to 90%90% of the volume of a of the volume of a plant cellplant cell
Animal cell vacuoles Animal cell vacuoles are much are much smallersmaller
lysosomelysosome
Contain digestive Contain digestive enzymesenzymes to digest to digest excess or worn-out excess or worn-out organellesorganelles and and foodfood..
chloroplastchloroplast A A green organelle with its own green organelle with its own DNADNA that that
captures captures light energylight energy and converts it to and converts it to chemical chemical energyenergy ( (akaaka sugar) sugar) for a plants for a plants and some protistsand some protists
plastidplastid
A group of plant A group of plant organelles which are organelles which are used for used for storagestorage of of starches, lipids, and starches, lipids, and pigments pigments
chlorophyllchlorophyll
The The greengreen pigmentpigment that that traps light energy traps light energy and gives and gives leavesleaves and and stemsstems their their green green colorcolor
mitochondriamitochondria Membrane-bound Membrane-bound
organelles that organelles that produce produce ATPATP which the cell which the cell uses for uses for energyenergy
Has its own Has its own DNADNA
microtubulesmicrotubules
Thin, hollow Thin, hollow cylinders made of cylinders made of proteinprotein that that maintain the maintain the shapeshape of the cell, in the way of the cell, in the way the the skeletonskeleton is the is the framework for your framework for your body body
cytoskeletoncytoskeleton
A A framework of framework of microtubulesmicrotubules that maintains that maintains the the shapeshape of the of the cell, in the way cell, in the way the the skeletonskeleton is is the framework the framework for your for your bodybody
A network of tiny A network of tiny rodsrods and and filamentsfilaments
microfilamentmicrofilament Smaller than Smaller than
microtubulesmicrotubules, , solid solid protein fibers that act protein fibers that act to maintain the to maintain the shapeshape of the cellof the cell, like , like polespoles in a in a tenttent
They anchor They anchor organellesorganelles and provide and provide sort of highway system sort of highway system though which materials though which materials movemove within the within the cellcell
ciliacilia
Short, numerous Short, numerous projectionsprojections from from cellscells that that look like look like hairshairs. Their motion is similar to that . Their motion is similar to that of of oarsoars in a in a rowboatrowboat, They are used for , They are used for locomotionlocomotion in unicellular creatures in unicellular creatures
flagellaflagella Longer projections that move with a Longer projections that move with a whip-whip-
likelike motion, a cell usually only has one or motion, a cell usually only has one or two. Used for two. Used for locomotionlocomotion in unicellular in unicellular creaturescreatures
QuizQuiz
And now for the quiz…And now for the quiz…
11
The clear The clear gelatinous fluid in gelatinous fluid in the areathe area outside outside of the nucleusof the nucleus
All of the All of the organelles are organelles are suspended (float) suspended (float) in itin it
22
Thin, hollow Thin, hollow cylinders made of cylinders made of proteinprotein that that maintain the shape maintain the shape of the cell, in the way of the cell, in the way the skeleton is the the skeleton is the framework for your framework for your body body
33 Smaller than Smaller than
microtubules, microtubules, solid solid protein fibers that act protein fibers that act to maintain the shape to maintain the shape of the cellof the cell, like poles , like poles in a tent in a tent
They anchor They anchor organelles and provide organelles and provide sort of highway system sort of highway system though which materials though which materials move within the cellmove within the cell
44
Short, numerous projections that look like Short, numerous projections that look like hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular creaturescreatures
55
The big dark The big dark spot in the spot in the nucleusnucleus
Makes Makes ribosomesribosomes
66 They look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasmThey look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasm Sites where the cell Sites where the cell produces proteinsproduces proteins They are not true organellesThey are not true organelles
77
A group of plant A group of plant organelles which are organelles which are used for storageused for storage, , such as starches, such as starches, lipids, pigments lipids, pigments
88
A A greengreen pigmentpigment that traps light that traps light energy and give energy and give leaves and stems leaves and stems their green colortheir green color
99 Membrane-bound Membrane-bound
organelles that organelles that transform energy for transform energy for the cell into bonds the cell into bonds of molecules called of molecules called ATPATP
Has its own DNA Has its own DNA
1010 A A structure located structure located
on the outside the on the outside the plasma membraneplasma membrane, , provides support and provides support and protection, fairly rigidprotection, fairly rigid
Does not select Does not select which molecules can which molecules can enter and exit enter and exit
1111
Thin, hollow Thin, hollow cylinders made of cylinders made of proteinprotein that that maintain the shape maintain the shape of the cell, in the way of the cell, in the way the skeleton is the the skeleton is the framework for your framework for your body body
1212 Smaller than Smaller than
microtubules, microtubules, solid solid protein fibers that act protein fibers that act to maintain the shape to maintain the shape of the cellof the cell, like poles , like poles in a tent in a tent
They anchor They anchor organelles and provide organelles and provide sort of highway system sort of highway system though which materials though which materials move within the cellmove within the cell
1313
Short, numerous projections that look like Short, numerous projections that look like hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in hairsTheir motion is similar to that of oars in a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular a rowboat, Use for locomotion in unicellular creaturescreatures
1414
The big dark The big dark spot in the spot in the nucleusnucleus
Makes Makes ribosomesribosomes
1515 They look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasmThey look like little dots on nucleus, ER and in cytoplasm Sites where the cell Sites where the cell produces proteinsproduces proteins They are not true organellesThey are not true organelles
1616
A group of plant A group of plant organelles which are organelles which are used for storageused for storage, , such as starches, such as starches, lipids, pigments lipids, pigments
1717
A A greengreen pigmentpigment that traps light that traps light energy and give energy and give leaves and stems leaves and stems their green colortheir green color
1818 Membrane-bound Membrane-bound
organelles that organelles that transform energy for transform energy for the cell into bonds the cell into bonds of molecules called of molecules called ATPATP
Has its own DNA Has its own DNA
1919
Strands of Strands of genetic materialgenetic material, DNA, in , DNA, in the nucleusthe nucleus
Contains the master set of directions Contains the master set of directions for making proteins for making proteins
2020
A A framework of framework of microtubulesmicrotubules that maintains that maintains the shape of the the shape of the cell, in the way cell, in the way the skeleton is the skeleton is the framework the framework for your bodyfor your body
A network of tiny A network of tiny rods and rods and filaments filaments
2121
The The site of cellular site of cellular chemical reactionschemical reactions, , aka transport tubesaka transport tubes
A series of highly A series of highly folded membranes folded membranes suspended in the suspended in the cytoplasm, like an cytoplasm, like an accordionaccordion
Sites where ribosomes Sites where ribosomes are attached are called are attached are called rough rough
2222
After proteins are made, After proteins are made, they are transferred to they are transferred to this organellethis organelle
A flattened stack of A flattened stack of tubular membranestubular membranes
Sorts proteins into Sorts proteins into packages and packs packages and packs them into membrane them into membrane pound structurespound structures called called vesicles to be sent to vesicles to be sent to appropriate destinations appropriate destinations (like mail being sorted at (like mail being sorted at the post office) the post office)
2323
Used for temporary Used for temporary storagestorage of food, of food, enzymes, waste and enzymes, waste and other materials other materials
Bag-like storage Bag-like storage structurestructure
Can take up to 90% Can take up to 90% of the volume of a of the volume of a plant cellplant cell
Animal cell vacuoles Animal cell vacuoles are much smallerare much smaller
2424
Contain digestive Contain digestive enzymesenzymes to digest to digest excess or worn-out excess or worn-out organelles, food, organelles, food, and engulfed and engulfed viruses and bacteriaviruses and bacteria
2525 A A green organelle green organelle that captures light that captures light
energy and converts it to chemical energy energy and converts it to chemical energy for a plants and some protistsfor a plants and some protists
Has its own DNA Has its own DNA
2626 Longer projections that move with a whip-Longer projections that move with a whip-
like motion, a cell usually only has one or like motion, a cell usually only has one or twoUsed for locomotion in unicellular twoUsed for locomotion in unicellular creaturescreatures
Thank youThank you