6TH CONFERENCE GRAUBÜNDEN FORSCHT «THE YOUNG … · 2018. 9. 3. · Poster 4 The effect of pre-exercise cooling on performance characteristics: A systemativ review and meta-analysis

6TH CONFERENCE GRAUBÜNDEN FORSCHT

«THE YOUNG RESEARCHERS CONVENTION»

PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS

SEPTEMBER 19-20, 2018Davos Congress Centre, Entrance «Promenade Nord», Promenade 92, Davos, Switzerland

THE GRADUATE SCHOOL GRAUBÜNDENThe Graduate School Graubünden is an institution of Academia Raetica, which provides various services for science. It promotes

the training, work and development of young scientists in the Grisons, strengthens research institutions through networking and

cooperation and supports the canton in implementing its university and research strategy. Academia Raetica founded the Graduate

School Graubünden in Davos in 2013. Together with other institutions of Academia Raetica, the Graduate School Graubünden

carries out a performance mandate of the Canton of Grisons.

Graduate School Graubünden – Berglistutz 8 – 7270 Davos Platz – Tel. +41 81 410 60 80 – [email protected] – graduateschool.ch

The Graduate School Graubünden thanks Academia Raetica, its affiliations, and the following organisations for their generous support:

CONTENTS

2 Welcome

2 Participating Scientific Institutions

3 Program

10 Oral presentations

23 Poster presentations

34 Dissertations completed at member institutions of Academia Raetica 2016–2018

36 Information around the conference

1GRAUBÜNDEN FORSCHT – THE YOUNG RESEARCHERS CONVENTION 2018

WELCOME

The Graduate School Graubünden (GSGR) welcomes you to the sixth conference «Graubünden

forscht – The Young Researchers Convention» 2018 in Davos. During two days, young researchers will

present their projects in various scientific disciplines, exchange ideas and learn from each other.

The best poster presentations and lectures will be awarded prizes. Three keynotes will further enrich

the event. At the conference dinner, we will honour those having successfully completed their

doctoral thesis over the last two years with a research institution in or near the Grisons.

The conference is a well-established event, which is part of our goal to foster scientific exchange and

networking. The GSGR has built up many other services since its foundation in 2013: Training

in transferable skills, advice for newcomers, and various communication measures such as science

cafés, newspaper articles, a website, and a monthly newsletter to increase public awareness of

research. In addition, we support the implementation and further development of the university and

research strategy of the canton of Grisons and articulate joint positions of the scientific institutions

to policy-makers. In order to review the quality of its work, the GSGR is currently undergoing an external

quality audit, the results of which will be available by the end of the year. Recently, the canton of

Grisons has extended its financial commitment to the GSGR until 2020.

We sincerely thank all contributing scientists, chairpersons, podium speakers, reviewers, team

members and ultimately our sponsors for your effort and support. We wish all participants a fruitful

and stimulating conference.

INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATIONS OF THE PARTICIPANTSAO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland / Bildungszentrum Gesundheit und Soziales BGS, Chur, Switzerland / Christine Kühne

– Center for Allergy Research and Education CK–CARE, Davos, Switzerland / CSEM SA, Landquart, Switzerland / Dutch Asthma Center

Davos, Davos, Switzerland / ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland / Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia / Free University of Bozen-Bolzano,

Bolzano, Italy / Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Davos, Switzerland / Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland / Pädagogische Hochschule

Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland / Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland

Private University UMIT, Hall in Tirol, Austria / Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF, Davos, Switzerland / Swiss National

Park, Zernez, Switzerland / Theologische Hochschule Chur, Chur, Switzerland / THIM University of Applied Sciences, Landquart, Swit-

zerland / University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland / University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands / University of

Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland / University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur, Chur, Switzer-

land / University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA / University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland / Valens Rehabilitation Center, Valens,

Switzerland / Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium / WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

Prof. Dr. med. Walter Reinhart

President Graduate School Graubünden

Duri Bezzola

Director Graduate School Graubünden

2 GRAUBÜNDEN FORSCHT – THE YOUNG RESEARCHERS CONVENTION 2018

08.30-18.30 WELCOME DESK

08.30–10.00 REGISTRATION with «Z’nüni»

10.00–10.15 OPENING

Reinhart, Walter President Graduate School Graubünden

Bezzola, Duri Director Graduate School Graubünden

10.15–11.45 ORAL PRESENTATIONS:

Natural Sciences and Technical Sciences

CHAIR Generelli, Silvia CSEM SA

Schmutz, Werner Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center

10.15–10.30 1 Optimizing time-of-flight cameras for underwater applications

Merbold, Hannes University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur

10.30–10.45 2 Degradation process in TSI radiometers due to UV radiation

Remesal, Alberto Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center

10.45–11.00 3 Evaluating the performance of operational infrasound avalanche detection systems

Mayer, Stephanie WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF

11.00–11.15 4 Tackling regulatory challenges on Nanoparticles: How to detect them? Are they dangerous?

Burr, Loïc CSEM SA

11.15–11.30 5 Total Solar Irradiance observations from the Compact Lightweight Absolute Radiometer

CLARA onboard the Norwegian NorSat-1 micro satellite

Walter, Benjamin Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center

11.30–11.45 6 The application of cellulose-based materials in electrochemical sensing

Tang, Ye CSEM SA

PROGRAMWEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 2018



Humanities and Interdisciplinary Topics – Education, Computer Science, and

Theology

CHAIR Hodel, Thomas University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur

11.45–12.00 7 The essence of programming at school - learning for life

Staub, Jacqueline Pädagogische Hochschule Graubünden

12.00–12.15 8 Liturgy and disability – how to celebrate liturgy with mentally disabled people

Molz, Isabelle Theologische Hochschule Chur

12.15–12.30 9 Diglossia and Bilinguality: The Logic of linguistic practice in Grisons Kindergartens

Zaugg, Alexandra Pädagogische Hochschule Graubünden

12.30-13.30 LUNCH


Medical Sciences and Rehabilitation Sciences

CHAIR Grad, Sibylle AO Research Institute Davos

Reinhart, Walter Graduate School Graubünden

13.30–13.45 10 BMP2 and TGFβ differently cooperate to induce chondrogenesis in SDSC

under Dexamethasone influence

Basoli, Valentina AO Research Institute Davos

13.45–14.00 11 Long-term follow-up after MIPO Philos plating for proximal humerus fractures

Frima, Herman Kantonsspital Graubünden

14.00–14.15 12 Hyaluronan-based hydrogel enables mechanical stimulation of encapsulated

mesenchymal stem cells towards chondrogenesis

Ladner, Yann AO Research Institute Davos

14.15–14.30 13 The Effect of Neurorehabilitation on Gait in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Sidorenko, Svetlana Valens Rehabilitation Center

14.30–14.45 14 Cold-water or partial-body cryotherapy? Comparison of physiological

responses and recovery following muscle damage

Hohenauer, Erich University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland,

THIM University of Applied Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

14.45–15.15 «MARTIN ALLGÖWER» KEYNOTE:

«Influence of the sun on the terrestrial climate»

Schmutz, Werner Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center


15.15–16.45 POSTER PRESENTATIONS (P1-18):

Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, and Rehabilitation Sciences

with coffee, tea, cold drinks, and snacks

CHAIR Reinhart, Walter Graduate School Graubünden

Thompson, Keith AO Research Institute Davos

Poster 1 An active fixation system to investigate the influence of local mechanical

conditions on fracture healing

Barcik, Jan AO Research Institute Davos

Poster 2 Does supplemental intramedullary grafting increase stability of plated

proximal humerus fractures?

Ciric, Daniel AO Research Institute Davos, Flinders University

Poster 3 Supplemental dorsal locked plating enhances stability of unstable distal radius fractures

Ciric, Daniel AO Research Institute Davos, Flinders University

Poster 4 The effect of pre-exercise cooling on performance characteristics:

A systemativ review and meta-analysis

Clijsen, Ron University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland,

THIM University of Applied Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Poster 5 Displaced medial clavicle fractures; operative treatment with

locking compression plate fixation

Frima, Herman Kantonsspital Graubünden

Poster 6 The effect of bacteriophages on innate and adaptive immune responses

Głobinska, Anna Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF

Poster 7 Dual-hydrogel network based on hyaluronic acid for intervertebral disc

repair: an in vitro study

Guo, Wei AO Research Institute Davos

Poster 8 Investigation of hydrogel and growth factors for intervertebral disc regeneration

Haeckel, Sonja AO Research Institute Davos

Poster 9 Early prediction of healing outcome in a large bone defect rodent model via microCT

Hildebrand, Maria AO Research Institute Davos

Poster 10 Development of team competence in nursing vocational trainings

Hornung, Katja BGS Bildungszentrum Gesundheit und Soziales, Private University UMIT

Poster 11 In vivo T regulatory cell regulation during Human Rhinovirus infection

Jansen, Kirstin Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF

Poster 12 Effects of an inpatient treatment at the «Hochgebirgsklinik Davos» located on

1600m above sea level on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Kraus, Leonie Hochgebirgsklinik Davos

Poster 13 A cross-sectional study on the relationship between cardiorespiratory

fitness, disease severity and walking speed in persons with Multiple Sclerosis.

Madsen Taul, Laurits Valens Rehabilitation Center

Poster 14 Electrical impedance measurements for the assessment of skin epithelial barrier defects

Rinaldi, Arturo Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF,

Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE


Poster 15 Mechanisms of immune tolerance to food allergens

Satitsuksanoa, Pattraporn Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF

Poster 16 Thermal therapy in patients suffering from non-specific chronic low

back pain – a systematic review

Stoop, Rahel University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland

Poster 17 The influence of microbial-derived metabolites on bone health

Wallimann, Alexandra AO Research Institute Davos

Poster 18 Migration of mesenchymal stem cells into degenerative intervertebral discs

Wangler, Sebastian AO Research Institute Davos


«On the convergence of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data - potential, challenges

and impact»

Weichselbraun, Albert University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur


Life Sciences and Medical Sciences

CHAIR Armiento, Angela AO Research Institute Davos

17.15–17.30 15 Immunometabolic changes in allergen-specific CD4+T and

regulatory T cells during allergen-specific immunotherapy

Sokolowska, Milena Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF,

Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE

17.30–17.45 16 Hypoxia in degenerative intervertebral discs promotes neurite outgrowth

Ma, Junxuan AO Research Institute Davos

17.45–18.00 17 Elucidating the role of chaperones in prion biosynthesis and replication

by siRNA mediated screening

Eckhardt, Valeria University Hospital Zurich

18.00–18.15 18 HYALURONIC ACID-BASED HYDROGEL for cartilage tissue engineering

Vainieri, Letizia AO Research Institute Davos

18.15–18.30 19 Experimental human rhinovirus infection induces exaggerated

anti-viral and B cell receptor gene expression in peripheral B cells from asthmatics

Wirz, Oliver Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF

18.45–19.45 GUIDED TOUR at Kirchner Museum with Apéro

20.00 DINNER at Ameron Hotel and Ceremony of the Graduate School

Graubünden for recent postgraduates


07.30-15.30 WELCOME DESK

08.00–10.00 WORKSHOP TIME MANAGEMENT

Learn how to manage your time more effectively and efficiently.

Lecturer Dr. Sina Henrichs, Manage Science

10.15–11.00 POSTER PRESENTATIONS (P19-26):

Environmental Sciences and Natural Sciences

with coffee, tea, cold drinks and «Gipfeli»

CHAIR Haberreiter, Margit Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center

Marty, Christoph WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF

Poster 19 Continuous all-sky cloud measurements in Davos: a cloud fraction analysis

Aebi, Christine Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center

Poster 20 Photogrammetric snow depth mapping: evaluation of different platforms and sensors

Eberhard, Lucie WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF

Poster 21 NLTE calculations of the solar spectrum with cross-influence of solar atmospheric structures

Guerreiro, Nuno Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center

Poster 22 Aptamer-based assay for electrochemical detection of aflatoxins on a smartphone

Jafari, Safiye CSEM SA

Poster 23 Time series analysis of the landscape changes in debris flows area, Val Mingèr

Simonin, Vincent University of Geneva

Poster 24 Modeling of the aerosol cloud after Pinatubo using Aerosol-Chemistry-Climate Models

Sukhodolov, Timofei Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center

Poster 25 Local assessments of the avalanche danger level: a reliable data-source to

evaluate a regional forecast?

Techel, Frank WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF

Poster 26 Automated avalanche release area delineation for regional scale hazard indication mapping

von Rickenbach, Daniel WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 2018



Life Sciences and Medical Sciences

CHAIR Bärenfaller, Katja Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF

Grad, Sibylle AO Research Institute Davos

11.00–11.15 20 Effectiveness of alpine climate treatment for children with difficult

to treat atopic dermatitis: results of a pragmatic randomized trial (DAVOS trial)

Fieten, Karin Dutch Asthma Center Davos, Swiss Institute of Asthma and

Allergy Research SIAF, University Medical Center Utrecht

11.15–11.30 21 Development of a poly( -caprolactone) bone targeting antibiotic drug delivery

system by implementation of alendronate bone seekers

Rotman, Stijn AO Research Institute Davos

11.30–11.45 22 Inflammasome activation is enhanced by house dust mite exposure

in rhinovirus-infected asthmatic bronchial epithelium

Radzikowska, Urszula Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF,

Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE

11.45–12.00 23 The AO Sheep project: the healthiest European sheep

Berset, Corina AO Research Institute Davos

12.00–12.15 24 Studying the regulation of IgE antibody production in patients

with a mutation in the STAT3 gene

van de Veen, Willem Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF,

Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education CK-CARE

12.30-13.30 LUNCH



Natural Sciences and Interdisciplinary Topics

CHAIR Haller, Ruedi Swiss National Park

Schweizer, Jürg WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF

13.15–13.30 25 The influence of herbaceous vegetation on the occurrence of

shallow erosion on Alpine pastures and grasslands

Löbmann, Michael Free University of Bozen-Bolzano

13.30–13.45 26 The importance of Swiss hydropower for the regional economy in the Canton of Grisons

Herter, Marc University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur

13.45–14.00 27 Anthropogenic disturbance in a warmer world

Chardon, Nathalie WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, University of Colorado Boulder

14.00–14.15 28 Long-term mass-balance reconstruction for the Silvretta

glacier derived from tree-ring proxy

Lopez-Saez, Jérôme University of Geneva

14.15–14.30 29 Assessing plant traits from Sentinel-2 images: a physical based

approach in differently managed alpine grasslands

Rossi, Christian Swiss National Park

14.30–14.45 30 Modelling the propagation saw test with a three-dimensional discrete element method

Bobillier, Gregoire WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF


«Glimpses into the History of Graubünden»

Hitz, Florian Institut für Kulturforschung Graubünden

15.30–16.30 PRIZE GIVING CEREMONY

for the best oral and poster presentations followed by an apéro


1 WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 2018, 10.15–10.30

Optimizing time-of-flight cameras for

underwater applications

Merbold Hannes, Catregn Gion-Pol, Leutenegger TobiasInstitute of Photonics and ICT, University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur, Chur, Switzerland

In recent years, time-of-flight (ToF) cameras have emerged as a

reliable and cost-effective way to provide high frame-rate range

imaging. Today, this technology is used to address a wealth of

applications including object detection, collision prevention, or

gesture recognition. Here, we describe the implementation of the

technology for underwater applications. The challenge arising

from this adaptation is that the near-IR regime, in which current

ToF sensors typically operate, is far from ideal for this application

due to the strong absorption of liquid water. We show that by

operating existing ToF imaging chips in combination with LED

light sources at visible wavelengths, distance sensing with ranges

on the meter level can be realized. We find that the attainable

performance depends on a variety of parameters, such as the

wavelength dependent absorption of water, the emitted optical

power and response times of the LEDs, or the spectral sensitivity

of the TOF chip. An in-depth analysis of the interplay between the

different parameters is given and the performance of underwater

TOF imaging using different visible illumination wavelengths is

analyzed.

2WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 2018, 10.30–10.45

Degradation process in TSI radiometers

due to UV radiation

Remesal Oliva Alberto, Finsterle Wolfgang, Walter BenjaminPhysikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center,

Davos, Switzerland

The degradation of the on-orbit TSI radiometer detectors must be

studied on ground to understand the evolution of the irradiance

data that we measure. Between the different processes that

might induce degradation, UV radiation is most likely one of the

most significant contributors. In order to estimate the effect

of this radiation on the black paints applied to the radiometer

detectors, we simulate with a Hg-Xe lamp the UV radiation that

would hit on the detectors in a full life-time mission.

We performed this experiment in two different coatings that

might be used in future missions. The first one is a sprayable

Carbon Nanotubes coating from Surrey NanoSystems and the

second one is a glossy silicon base black paint.

We study the reflectance of these detectors before and after the

experiment, we evaluate the consequences of the radiation and

estimate the degradation.

3WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 2018, 10.45–11.00

Evaluating the performance of operational

infrasound avalanche detection systems

Mayer Stephanie1, van Herwijnen Alec1, Ulivieri Giacomo2,

Schweizer Jürg1

1 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

2 iTem geophysics, Florence, Italy

The occurrence of avalanches provides an unambiguous indicator

for unstable snow conditions. Information on past and current

avalanche activity is therefore crucial for avalanche forecasting.

In order to continuously assess avalanche activity, automatic

detection systems are required, in particular during times of poor

visibility or at night, when conventional field observations are

impossible. In recent years, technological and signal processing

advances have led to the development of operational infrasound

avalanche detection systems, known as IDA (infrasound

detection of avalanches). To evaluate the reliability of these IDA

systems, we compared events automatically detected by the IDA

systems to a dataset of visually observed avalanches at three

different sites throughout the Swiss Alps during two entire winter

seasons. For the visual survey of avalanche activity, a network of

automatic cameras was used and supplemented with detailed

field observations by local observers. Overall performance was

rather poor as only 3 percent of the observed avalanches were

associated with automatic detections and 22 percent of the

automatic detections were confirmed by field observations.

However, the majority of observed avalanches were small and

most automatic detections were during periods of poor visibility.

Furthermore, the probability of detection (POD) increased with

avalanche size and decreased with distance. Large avalanches

(on the order of 100 m wide and 1000 m long) within a distance

of 3 to 4 km from the array were typically well detected (POD

about 80 percent), independent of the avalanche type (dry- or

wet-snow). Evaluating the false alarm rate was not straightforward

as due to insufficient visibility half of the automatic detections

could not be verified. Nevertheless, our estimates suggest a false

alarm rate between 10 percent and 30 percent. Overall, our results

show that in the absence of major topographic barriers infrasound

avalanche detection systems are well suited to reliably monitor

larger avalanches up to a distance of about 4 kilometers.

ORAL PRESENTATIONS


4

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 2018, 11.00–11.15

Tackling regulatory challenges on

Nanoparticles: How to detect them?

Are they dangerous?

Burr Loïc, Kurth Felix, Schmid DavidCSEM SA, Landquart, Switzerland

Used for centuries, ultrafine particles have been employed and

studied extensively in the past few decades. In particular, particles

with dimensions below 100 nm, also known as nanoparticles,

have attracted attention due to their appealing new properties.

In use for a wide range of applications, from drugs to batteries,

these particles are yet not fully understood and the notion of

that they might be harmful for the human body as well as for

the environment rises among the scientific community and the

population. Currently, no regulation exists for nanomaterials

due to the absence of reproducible and standardized detection

and characterization techniques. In the frame of the European

ACEnano project, CSEM is developing innovative characterization

techniques to describe nanoparticles, their properties and

their toxicity. First, various approaches for the evaluation of

the hydrophobicity of nanomaterials will be discussed. The

application of hydrophobic interaction chromatography to

nanomaterials characterization will be described as well as the

modification of functionalized waveguide interrogated optical

sensors to evaluate nanomaterials hydrophobicity. Finally, the

development of a 96 well plate reactor with integrated optical

sensors for the quantitative assessment of nanoparticles’

reactivity will be presented.


Total Solar Irradiance observations from

the Compact Lightweight Absolute Radi-

ometer CLARA onboard the Norwegian

NorSat-1 micro satellite

Walter Benjamin1, Schmutz Werner1, Andersen Bo2,

Finsterle Wolfgang1, Kopp Greg3/4, Koller Silvio1, Pfiffner Daniel1

1 Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center,

Davos, Switzerland

2 Norsk Romsenter, Oslo, Norway

3 Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, Colorado, USA

4 Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Göttingen, Germany

Continuous and precise Total Solar Irradiance (TSI)

measurements are indispensable to evaluate the influence of

short- and long-term solar radiative emission variations on the

Earth’s energy budget. The existence of potentially long-term

trends in the Sun’s activity and their effects on the Earth’s

climate is a societally-important field of research. The Compact

Lightweight Absolute Radiometer (CLARA) is one of PMOD/

WRC’s contributions to the almost seamless series of space-

borne TSI measurements since 1978. CLARA was end-to-end

calibrated against the SI-traceable cryogenic radiometer of

the TSI Radiometer Facility (TRF) in Boulder (Colorado). The

absolute measurement uncertainties for the three SI-traceable

TSI detectors within CLARA are 567, 576 and 912 ppm (k = 1).

CLARA is one of three payloads on the Norwegian micro-satellite

NorSat-1, which was launched July 14th, 2017.

We present the design, calibration and first TSI observations of

CLARA, a new generation of Electrical Substitution Radiometers

(ESR) comprising the latest radiometer developments of PMOD/

WRC: i) A three-detector design for degradation tracking and

redundancy, ii) a digital control system, iii) a new reference

block and detector design to minimize size and weight of the

instrument. Furthermore, we present the latest lessons learned

about the instrument behavior on NorSat-1 including: i) pointing

instabilities of the satellite platform and its influence on TSI

results, ii) degradation of the detector sensitivity, iii) instrument

sensitivity to temperature variations, iv) CLARA’s ability for

measuring TSI during solar eclipses for determining the Sun’s

radius, and v) comparison of the TSI results to other space

radiometers. The comparison between CLARA’s currently most

stable Channel B preliminary first light observations of 1359.84

W m-2 and VIRGO’s new scale TSI observation (1360.14 W m-2)

show that they are in good agreement within the instrument

uncertainties.


The application of cellulose-based

materials in electrochemical sensing

Tang Ye1/2, Petropoulos Konstantinos1, Guenat Olivier2,

Generelli Silvia1

1 CSEM SA, Landquart, Switzerland

2 ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Faculty of Medicine,

University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

The growing need for a more healthy and sustainable

environment has driven efforts for the development of green and

eco-friendly materials. Cellulose is the most abundant sustainable

material in nature with important and very promising properties

such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and high mechanical

robustness. Cellulose can be easily recovered from plants or

bacteria and used for the fabrication of nanomaterials. For that

reason, cellulose-based materials such as nitrocellulose, cellulose

nanocrystals (CNCs), and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have been

widely used in many fields.

In the last decade a variety of biosensing tools such as biosensors

and Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIAs) based on cellulosic

nanomaterial have been realized. These novel sensing tools, using

cellulose-based materials as a substrate for enzyme, antibody,

DNA and protein immobilization, have been widely studied and

used in Point-Of-Care (POC) diagnostics.

This study investigates the application of various nanocellulose/

conductive polymer nanocomposites for the development

of «Smart» glucose electrochemical biosensors to be used

in different fields of interest such as Diagnostics and sport

Medicine. The great advantage of using these nanocomposites

as a membrane for glucose biosensor development is given by

the porous structure of the nanocellulose that favors enzyme

immobilization and the conductivity of the polymer which

increases the electron charge transfer between the enzyme

and the electrode surface. This synergy effect of nanocellulose


and conductive polymer improves the performance of this

biocompatible sensor.

Preliminary results using polyaniline as conductive polymer

demonstrate that cellulose-based glucose biosensors are

reproducible (%RSD = 9) and more sensitive (LOD = 0.1 mM,

Working Range between 0.5 and 2.5 mM of glucose) compared

to commercial colorimetric Strips (glucose LOD = 5 mM). The

response time of the biosensor is as fast as 30s. Further

experiments regarding lifetime stability, specificity and tests with

real samples such as urine and blood are in progress.


The essence of programming at

school - learning for life

Staub Jacqueline1/2, Serafini Giovanni1, Hromkovic Juraj1

1 Department of Computer Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

2 Abteilung Forschung Entwicklung und Dienstleistungen,

Pädagogische Hochschule Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland

One crucial responsibility of today’s school is to prime

and prepare young pupils such that they develop a deep

understanding of technology and don’t simply graduate as

passive users and mere consumers of computers. Children should

acquire essential skills that equip them to actively influence

and shape their environment to their wishes. Computer science

education serves a vital role in fostering children’s algorithmic

thinking and problem solving skills, as exemplified by the task

of programming. This form of learning is constructive, enriches

creativity and teaches precision. For more than twelve years, our

chair has been introducing primary school children to algorithmic

thinking by teaching them how to program in Logo. The key

element of the proposed didactic approach consists in reducing

the extraneous cognitive load on the pupils. We developed and

stepwise refined the required teaching materials that allow for

introducing only a few instructions in a programming language,

which is gradually extended simply relying on modular design.

XLogoOnline is our new browser-based, single-page programming

environment for schools, which is perfectly attuned to our

curriculum. We argue that the platform reduces the extraneous

cognitive load on the pupils thanks to a heavily-simplified

workflow, which is appropriate for young children. From a 2-hour

programming session with 200 novice programmers, we collected

more than 5000 user programs and extracted the most common

programming errors and misconceptions. We draw conclusions

about what difficulties novice programmers experience and

propose a technical solution to support children in overcoming

these difficulties without the direct assistance of their teacher.

8 WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 12.00–12.15

Celebrating Liturgy with People with

Mental Disabilities - Reflections on

an Inclusive Liturgy

Molz IsabelleLehrstuhl Liturgiewissenschaft, Theologische Hochschule Chur, Chur, Switzerland

Every day people worship in different places all over the world.

They do this for different occasions and according to their

customary habits. As different as these habits may be, the

reasons why people gather on a daily basis are similar: God called

them and they respond to this call of God in the liturgy. They

enter into dialogue with God and respond by singing, praying,

being silent, and listening. Liturgical celebrations are structured

in such a way that people can come together anytime and

anywhere. But the liturgy is not always accessible to everyone at

first sight. It has its own language, there are symbols and rituals

that are not always self-explanatory. The constant change of

posture from sitting to standing or kneeling can be a challenge

in itself. It becomes even more complex when we try to explain

through words what we call «Mysterium fidei».

In my research I am investigating the question of what an

appropriate form of celebration should look like. On the one

hand, it should meet the demand to transform the encounter

between God and a human into a form of celebration appropriate

to the occasion and, on the other hand, it should be designed in

such a way that it is accessible to everyone. The dialogue with

God within the liturgy must be possible for all people. My work is

particularly focused on people with mental disabilities. But my

research will certainly also provide insights that will be relevant for

all those celebrating. My scientific work is divided into three major

areas: liturgical language, the symbolic content of the liturgy,

and pastoral liturgy. The liturgy constitutes the church and this

is a factor that should not be ignored. In addition to the study of

relevant literature and a fundamental examination of the nature

of the liturgy, my research also opens up access to fields that have

so far received little attention in liturgical studies.


Diglossia and Bilinguality:

The Logic of linguistic practice

in Grisons Kindergartens

Zaugg AlexandraPädagogische Hochschule Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland

The linguistic situation in the canton of Grisons is characterized

by its historically rooted trilinguality and its plurilinguality due

to immigration from other linguistic areas. Local traditions and

different linguistic developments show their variation not only

sociologically, but also institutionally along with the respective

challenges.

The goal of this Ph.D.-project is to investigate how the everyday

usage of language differs by comparing two Kindergartens by

means of ethnography. Two Kindergartens have been compared:


one that is bilingually oriented and another one that has Romansh

as its traditional linguistic approach. The latter shows strong

tendencies of «Germanization» and the German speaking

Kindergarten with its approach to diglossia. The field study was

conducted by the author within a two-week time span.

The dominating question of the study was how Kindergarten

informants would deal with these challenges, which logic of

linguistic usage would be preferred, and what social positioning of

the children could be observed.

It has been shown that the use of language in Kindergarten is

characterized by language change, whose practices are closely

linked to pedagogization and therefore take place within

the horizon of the generational order. Two kinds of linguistic

preferences were observed: the addressee-oriented and the

situation-oriented.

Regardless of the above-mentioned choice, the selection always

seems to go hand in hand with social positions of certain children.

Whereas the addressee-oriented choice takes the different

linguistic prerequisites of children into account, but at the same

time individual children are positioned new due to their linguistic

requirements, the situation-oriented choice treats a linguistically

heterogeneous group as homogeneous. The spectrum of possible

linguistic usage for a Kindergarten teacher varies between the

option of an unequal treatment of equal subjects or the equal

treatment of unequal subjects.


BMP2 and TGFβ differently cooperate

to induce chondrogenesis in SDSC under

Dexamethasone influence

Basoli Valentina1*, Kovermann Niko1/2*, Della Bella Elena1, Alini

Mauro1, Lischer Christoph2, Schmal Hagen3, Stoddart Martin T.1,

Kubosch Eva J.4

1 AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland

2 Equine Clinic, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany

3 Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Odense University Hospital and Department

of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark

4 Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs

University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

* These authors contributed equally.

Introduction: Cells from synovium are considered suitable

candidates for the repair of cartilage due to the simplicity

of isolation and good differentiative potential[1]. However, a

differentiation protocol that can guarantee a high commitment for

SDSC has not been established yet. Here, we aimed to investigate

how the SDSCs respond to the conventional protocol based

on TGFβ1[2] in different concentration and how they respond to

BMP2, a promising growth factor that was already proved to be

able to influence the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan

in chondrocytes[3] under the effect of dexamethasone, a common

corticosteroid usually used in all differentiative protocols.

Methods: We induced chondrogenic commitment in SDSC (n=

4, obtained with full ethic consent) using 10 ng of TGFβ1 or

TGF-β1 (1 ng/ml) alone or in the presence of BMP2 at 1, 5, 10 ng/

ml alone or in double combination of 1 ng/ml TGF-β1 plus 1, 5,

10 ng/ml BMP2; all the groups were cultured in the presence of

100 nM Dexamethasone (+ Dexamethasone) or in its absence

(-Dexamethasone) for 21 days.

GAG and Histology using Safranin-O and Col2 protein expression

by IHC were analyzed after 21 Days, as well Von Kossa staining

for calcium deposition. Gene expression analysis was performed

on Col2, ACAN, Col10, MMP13, Sox9, Runx2, SP7, PPARG and

SMADs, after 21 days.

Results: Within this study, absence of Dexamethasone

upregulated gene expression of cartilage matrix components

Collagen Type 2, aggrecan, and Sox9 and Col10 in all groups

treated with TGFβ1 high (10ng) and TGFβ1 low (1ng) in

combination with BMP2, but not in TGFβ1 (1 ng) and BMP2

alone compared to those group cultured with Dexamethasone.

However, MMP13 was more expressed in Dexamethasone

free medium, suggesting that corticosteroid is involved in the

modulation of hypertrophy. Control differentiative gene SP7 and

PPARG were not upregulated in any group treated with TGFβ1

and BMP2. Histological and biochemical evaluation confirmed

the increase of cartilage matrix-sulfated proteoglycans and

GAG production in dexamethasone free medium. As well Von

Kossa staining was not positive for mineralization, encouraging

us that TGFβ1 and BMP2 modulate chondrogenic commitment

preferentially.

Discussion and conclusions: The absence of Dexamethasone

treatment during chondrogenic commitment in SDSC strongly

influences stem cell fate. Our results suggest that absence of

Dexamethasone promotes the activation of genes involved in

chondrogenesis, nevertheless the presence of Dexamethasone

modulates those genes involved in hypertrophy. Interestingly, we

found that the synergic effect of low concentration of TGFβ1 and

BMP2 positively modulated the chondrogenic commitment in

SDSC, suggesting that this combination can be useful to induce a

stable differentiation.[1] Kubosch, E.J., et al., The Potential for Synovium-derived Stem

Cells in Cartilage Repair. Current stem cell research & therapy, 2017.

[2] Johnstone, B., et al., In vitrochondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived

mesenchymal progenitor cells. Experimental cell research, 1998. 238(1): p. 265-272.

[3] Gründer, T., et al., Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 enhances the

expression of type II collagen and aggrecan in chondrocytes embedded in alginate beads.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 2004. 12(7): p. 559-567.

11WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 13.45–14.00

Long-term follow-up after MIPO Philos

plating for proximal humerus fractures

Frima Herman1, Michelitsch Christian1, Beks Reinier Bart2,

Houwert Roderick Marijn2, Acklin Yves Pascal3,

Sommer Christoph1

1 Department of Trauma Surgery, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland

2 Utrecht Traumacenter, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kantonsspital Baselland, Bruderholz, Switzerland

Introduction: Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO)

has been described as a suitable technique for the treatment of

proximal humerus fractures, but long-term functional results have

never been reported. The aim of this study was to describe the

long-term functional outcome and implant related irritation after

MIPO for proximal humerus fractures.

Methods: A long-term prospective cohort analysis was performed

on all patients treated for a proximal humerus fracture using

MIPO with a Philos plate (Synthes, Switzerland) between

December 2007 and October 2010. The primary outcome was

the QuickDASH score. Secondary outcome measures were the


Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), implant related irritation and

implant removal.

Results: Seventy-nine patients with a mean age of 59 years old

were available for follow-up (81%), with a mean follow-up of 8.3

years (SD 0.8). The median QuickDASH score was 0 (interquartile

range [IQR] 0 – 4.5, range 0 – 86). The median SSV was 97 (IQR

90 – 100, range 60 – 100). Forty patients (52%) had implant

removal, and of those, 27 (35%) were due to implant related

irritation. On average, the implant was removed after 1.2 years (SD

0.5). In bivariate analysis there was an association between the

AO classification and the QuickDASH (p = 0.008).

Conclusion: In our collective, we observed excellent functional

outcome in the long-term follow-up after MIPO for proximal

humerus fractures. Nevertheless, we noticed a relatively high rate

of secondary operations due to implant related irritation.

12WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 14.00–14.15

Hyaluronan-based hydrogel enables

mechanical stimulation of encapsulated

mesenchymal stem cells towards

chondrogenesis

Ladner Yann1/3, Behrendt Peter1/2, Stoddart J. Martin1, Lippross

Sebastian2, Alini Mauro1, Eglin David1, Armiento R. Angela1


2 Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center

Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany

3 ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Background: Traumatic articular cartilage injuries lead to

advanced cartilage degeneration and increase the risk of post-

traumatic osteoarthritis. Since adult cartilage exhibits a low

regenerative capacity as a by-product of its limited vascularity,

therapies for its repair are urgently needed. Current cell-based

strategies rely on transplanting cartilage cells from a healthy

site to the defect site, a procedure that increases the number

of surgical interventions and poses an unnecessary burden on

the patient. Injecting mesenchymal stem cells within a hydrogel

that allows for their differentiation towards cartilage represents

a promising alternative. Although, a balance must be found

between the biomaterial’s mechanical properties that should

withstand the joint loads and its softness that allows for cell

encapsulation and cell viability. Therefore, a highly tunable

construct is needed.

Material and methods: In an enzymatically crosslinked tyramine-

modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel (HA-Tyr), the mechanical

properties were tuned by varying the concentration of the

coupling reagents and the cell density. The cytocompatibilty

of the hydrogel was assessed by Live/Dead staining while its

biomechanical properties were investigated by rheology and

unconfined compression test. Subsequently, the cell-laden HA-

Tyr hydrogels were exposed to multi-axial loading in an in vitro

bioreactor that mimics in vivo joint loads. After 28 days, markers

associated with cartilage formation were assessed.

Results: Sufficient biomechanical properties were ensured

with high-density cell encapsulation and high cell viability was

achieved after a period of 28 days. Multiaxial loading stimulated

the production and the activation of transforming growth factor

beta 1, a potent inducer of cartilage formation. Following loading,

the release of sulphated glucosaminoglycan was increased.

Conclusion: We confirmed cartilage formation in a HA-Tyr

hydrogel after improving its mechanoresilience to enable the

application of joint-mimicking loads. The possibility to expose a

previously soft cell-laden biomaterial to mechanical loads lends

hope for future implementation in cartilage repair strategies.


The Effect of Neurorehabilitation on Gait

in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Sidorenko Svetlana, Luyckx Kurt, Kesselring JürgNeurology and Neurorehabilitation Department, Valens Rehabilitation Center,

Valens, Switzerland

Gait disorders are common in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

and tend to accelerate with disease progression. Comprehensive

rehabilitation intervention is the best option to improve impaired

ambulation. Commonly, the duration of inpatient programs does

not exceed 21 days and is usually determined by cost approval of

mandatory medical insurance. Aim of the study was to observe

whether a prolongation of inpatient neurorehabilitation can lead

to a significant increase of gait abilities.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data of 307

MS-Patients treated in the period January 2015 until December

2016 at the Neurorehabilitation Center Valens, Switzerland.

Investigated parameters were: changes in walking speed and

walking distance at entry and discharge, using standard walking

tests (10MWT, 20MWT, 2MWT, 6MWT, TDistance). The Extended

Barthel Index (EBI) was used to evaluate an improvement in

health-related quality of life (HRQL).

Results: Walking speed and walking distance improved

significantly in patients benefitting from prolonged inpatient

rehabilitation (four or five weeks) compared to results of standard

duration of inpatient rehabilitation (three weeks). Velocity

increased from 18% in the third week to 33% in the fourth week, in

the group of 4-weeks (4WG) inpatient rehabilitation (p=0.0001)

and in the 5-weeks-group (5WG) from 14% in the third week

to 15% in the fifth week (p=0.09). Walking distance increased

from 25% in the third week to 29% after 4 weeks prolongation

(p=0.005) and for the 5WG from 31% in the third week to 37% in

the fifth week of prolonged inpatient rehabilitation (p=0.01). EBI

showed a trend for HRQL-improvement by rising the mobility-

subscore from 34.70% in the third week to 39.68% in the fourth

week and to 48% in the fifth week of inpatient rehabilitation.

Conclusion: Prolonging the duration of inpatient rehabilitation

beyond three weeks to four or five weeks further increases gains

in mobility and independence.



Cold-water or partial-body cryotherapy?

Comparison of physiological responses and

recovery following muscle damage

Hohenauer Erich1/2/3, Costello Joseph4, Stoop Rahel1,

Küng Ursula2, Clarys Peter3, Deliens Tom3, Clijsen Ron1/2/3

1 Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, 2rLab, University of Applied

Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart, Switzerland

2 THIM University of Applied Sciences, Landquart, Switzerland

3 Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

4 Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth,

Portsmouth, United Kingdom

Introduction: Currently, cold-water immersion (CWI) is a widely

accepted recovery modality and is believed to improve recovery.

Partial-body cryotherapy (PBC) has become commercially

available and is considered as an effective recovery method with

similar effects as CWI. Therefore, the aim of this study was to

compare i) the physiological responses following CWI and PBC

and ii) the effects on recovery following a muscle-damaging

protocol (5 x 20 drop jumps).

Methods: Nineteen healthy males were randomly allocated

into either a CWI (10°C for 10 min; n = 9) or a PBC (-60°C for 30

sec, -135°C for 2 min; n = 10) group. The physiological variables

(thigh muscle oxygen saturation [SmO2], cutaneous vascular

conductance [CVC], mean-arterial pressure [MAP] and local skin

temperature) were assessed immediately prior and up to 60

min post-treatment (10 min intervals). The recovery variables

(thigh muscle swelling, maximum voluntary contraction [MVC]

of the right knee extensors, vertical-jump performance [VJP]

and delayed-onset of muscle soreness [DOMS]) were measured

immediately prior and up to 72 h post-treatment (24 h intervals).

Results: Compared to PBC values, CVC (at 30 min), SmO2 (at 40

min) and lower extremity-skin temperature (thigh/shin at 60 min)

were significantly reduced in the CWI group after the treatment (all

p < 0.05). Only lower extremity skin temperature was significantly

reduced in the PBC group directly post-treatment (p < 0.05). MAP

significantly increased in both groups after the treatments (both p

< 0.05). Thigh muscle swelling and DOMS did not differ between

groups. MVC and VJP returned to baseline in both groups after 24

h (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The primary findings in this study are that i) the

physiological impact of CWI was significantly greater than

PBC and ii) no differences in objective and subjective recovery

variables were observed between CWI and PBC up to 72 h post-

exercise. Although CWI decreased muscle oxygen saturation,

CVC, mean- and local skin temperature after a muscle-damaging

exercise, no differences in objective and subjective markers of

recovery were observed between CWI and PBC.

References:

Costello TJ. (2015). Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 18;(9):CD010789.

Bleakley C. (2012). Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 15(2):CD008262.

Mawhinney C. (2017). Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49(6):1252:1260.


Immunometabolic changes in allergen-

specific CD4+T and regulatory T cells during

allergen-specific immunotherapy

Sokolowska Milena1, Boonpiyathad Tadech1, Eljaszewicz Andrzej1/2,

Castro Giner Francesc1, Ruchti Fiorella1, Globinska Anna1/3, Rückert

Beate1, Dreher Anita1, Radzikowska Urszula1/2,

Morita Hideaki1, Jansen Kirstin1, Rinaldi Arturo1, Gschwend Anna4,

Meyer Norbert4, Helbling Arthur4, Negoias Simona5,

Hool Sara-Lynn5, Borner Urs5, Kwok William6, Akdis Mübeccel1,

Kahlert Helga7, Karschuk Nadine7, Nandy Andreas7, Willers Chris-

toph7, Akdis Cezmi A.1

1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos,

Switzerland; Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE),

Davos, Switzerland

2 Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University

of Bialystok, Poland

3 Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Poland

4 University Clinic for Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Insel Hospital,

University Hospital Bern, Switzerland

5 Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Bern University Hospital,

Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland

6 Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason; Department of Medicine,

University of Washington, Seattle, USA

7 Allergopharma GmbH & Co. KG., Reinbek, Germany

Rationale: Allergic patients display abnormal induction of type 2

immunity resulting in development of allergy instead of tolerance,

which can be targeted by allergen-specific immunotherapy

(AIT). We investigated whole-genome transcriptomic changes of

circulating birch (Bet v 1)- and grass (Phl p 5a)-specific CD4+ T cells

and Treg cells, together with serum and nasal proteomics in allergic

patients before and at 3, 6, and 12 months of pre-seasonal AIT,

in comparison with non-allergic, non-atopic healthy controls in

corresponding seasonal time points.

Methods: MHC class II tetramer-based cell sorting, single cell/low

RNA next generation sequencing, detailed immunophenotyping

with multicolor flow cytometry, serum specific IgE and IgG4 and

LC-MS/MS analyses of serum and nasal proteins were performed.

Results: At baseline, before immunotherapy, allergen-specific

CD4+ T cells were more frequent in patients as compared to

controls, but displayed profound dysregulation of lipid and

glucose metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and translational

programs. Upon AIT, we observed an increase in allergen-

specific CD4+T cells and increase of ILT3+ CD4+ T cells parallel

with substantial decrease of total and allergen-specific CRTH2+

CD4+T cells. At the transcriptional level, AIT induced significant

changes in previously dysregulated metabolic pathways and

processes and led to induction of tolerance programs in allergen-

specific CD4+ T cells. At early time points Treg cells of allergic

patients displayed profiles suggesting insufficient/dysregulated

suppressive functions. The increase in allergen-specific Treg cells

observed upon AIT, correlated with the upregulation of their

survival programs, including promotion of autophagy, chromatin,

and cytoskeleton reorganization.

Conclusions: AIT causes profound changes in the frequencies and

gene and protein expression profiles of allergen-specific T and

Treg cells. These profiles are abnormal in allergic patients, but AIT

is skewing them into the levels of immune tolerant non-allergic

controls.



Hypoxia in degenerative

intervertebral discs promotes neurite

outgrowth

Ma Junxuan1, Stefanoska Despina1/2, van Donkelaar René2,

Grad Sibylle1, Alini Mauro1, Peroglio Marianna1


2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands

Background: Chronic low back pain is one of the most common

problems worldwide and is frequently correlated with pathologies

of intervertebral disc (IVD). Deeper innervation of IVD from dorsal

root ganglia (DRG) was found for those painful IVD. However, how

the IVD microenvironment influences nerve ingrowth remains

largely unknown.

Hypothesis and aims: Previous studies suggest that during

degeneration, the oxygen, glucose and pH concentrations

decrease in the IVD. Since oxygen is a key player in the

homeostasis of tissues, we investigated how the oxygen level

influenced neuronal outgrowth in this study.

Results: DRG neuronal cell line ND7/23 was cultured under

either 2% or 20% of oxygen for 48 hours. The proportion of cells

with outgrowth longer than 30 μm was significantly higher for

normoxia than hypoxia (46.54% and 37.71%, respectively) (level

of significance: p<0.05) and those cultured under 2% of oxygen

had significantly less proportion of cell death than 20% (4.84 ±

0.59% versus 7.32 ± 1.17%). However, cell line under 2% of oxygen

had significantly longer neurites (for neurite longer than 30 μm)

than 20% of oxygen (46.23 ± 1.49 μm and 43.21 ± 0.71 μm). In

addition, rabbit DRG explants from the same segment which

had similar size (obtained from unrelated preclinical tests) were

cultured under 2% and 20% of oxygen respectively for 4 days.

Immunofluorescent image of DRGs showed that the number of

neurite outgrowth for 2% of oxygen was significantly smaller than

20% (median number of 5.00 ± 3.04 versus 55.00 ± 9.92) but the

median length of outgrowth under hypoxia was significantly larger

than normoxia (228.63 ± 18.32 μm and 177.82 ± 5.58 μm).

Conclusions and perspectives: Hypoxia reduced the number but

increased the length of outgrowth of DRG neurons both in vitro

and ex-vivo which could explain the deeper innervation observed

in degenerated IVD.


Elucidating the role of chaperones in prion

biosynthesis and replication by siRNA me-

diated screening

Eckhardt Valeria1, Li Bei1, Chincisan Andra1, Schaper Elke2,

Dauvillier Jérôme2, Goloubinoff Pierre3, Aguzzi Adriano1

1 Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

2 Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland

3 Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Background: Prion diseases share the same pathological

mechanism as other proteopathies such as Alzheimer’s,

Parkinson’s or ALS. The physiologically expressed prion protein

(PrPC) gets misfolded into the scrapie conformation (PrPSc),

aggregates and forms plaques. Prion diseases fatally affect

humans and animals and typically result in clinical signs

consisting of cognitive and motor dysfunction. The molecular

mechanisms underlying the conformational alterations from

correctly folded to misfolded PrP are still unknown. Chaperones

are involved in the correct folding of proteins and can specifically

unfold misfolded proteins, actively disaggregate aggregated

proteins, and convert them into harmless native proteins

or degraded peptides. Based on neuroprotective traits of

chaperones, we propose to identify chaperone genes that are

involved in PrPC biosynthesis, unfolding and disaggregation of

PrPSc in mammalian cells.

Methods: In a completely unbiased approach, we are using

small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the entire mammalian

chaperome (241 genes) in murine neuroblastoma cells. This bears

the potential to detect unexpected hits and novel pathways.

With our cell-based siRNA system on an acoustic dispensing

platform and a robotic system, cells are transfected with siRNAs

in 384 well plates. PrPC and PrPSc levels are assessed by two

independent screens. Results and quality controls are compiled

by a customized software. Interesting hits are validated in other

cell types by different siRNAs and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing.

Results and conclusion: The PrPC screen in CAD5 neuroblastoma

cells was successfully completed. The top hit Hspa5 has been

published to be involved in PrPC and PrPSc reduction, which

gives us confidence in having found meaningful hits. Validation

of other hits is ongoing. We generated a new cell line with high

PrPSc levels, and established conditions suitable for the PrPSc

screen. A detailed understanding of the molecular basis of

chaperone interactions with PrP could contribute to the general

understanding of other protein misfolding diseases.



Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for

cartilage tissue engineering

Vainieri M. Letizia1/2, Sivasubramaniyan Kavitha2, Lolli Andrea2,

Eglin David1, Yayon Avner3, Wexselblatt Ezequiel3, Alini Mauro1,

Grad Sibylle1, van Osch Gerjo J.V.M.2


2 Department of Orthopedics and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC,

University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

3 ProCore Bio Med Ltd., Nes Ziona, Israel

Purpose: Hydrogels are considered as materials that resemble

the extracellular matrix and efficiently replace defective tissue.

A major challenge in cartilage tissue engineering is the design

of material cues important for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)

differentiation microenvironments. In this study we investigate

the ability of Hyaluronic acid (HA)-Fibrin and HA-Tyramine

hydrogels to support MSCs migration, ingrowth, differentiation in

in-vitro and in-vivo.

Materials & Methods: Fluorescently labelled MSCs derived from

human bone marrow were seeded to form spheroids, embedded

in HA-Fibrin or different HA-Tyramine cross-linked hydrogels and

cultured in presence or absence of the chemotactic factor, PDGF-

BB. Analysis at confocal measured the migratory area of the cells

from the core. For invasion assays, free-floated hydrogels with/

without factor were cultured for 7 days with hMSCs in suspension.

To determine chondrogenic differentiation gene expression

analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed in-vitro.

Bovine osteochondral explants were filled with HA-Fibrin and

HA-Tyramine hydrogels and implanted subcutaneously in nude

mice for 4 weeks.

Results: The addition of PDGFBB in culture induced a progressive

increase of spheroid-based cell migration in HA hydrogels over

three days culture. HA-Tyramine gels with less crosslinking were

softer and fostered faster migration than stiffer gels. HA-Fibrin

supported the widest cells migration area (5-fold increase

compared to HA-Tyramine hydrogels). However, no significant

differences of cell ingrowth were detectable in presence of PDGF-

BB. In-vitro cultures of hMSC-laden HA hydrogels permitted

chondrogenesis, as assessed by the gene expression and

production of cartilage specific matrix proteins.

After 4 weeks in-vivo, HA-hydrogels with and without PDGF-BB

showed cells invasion and feasible microenvironment for cartilage

production. These processes were better supported in HA-Fibrin

compared to HA-Tyramine hydrogels.

Conclusion: This study indicates that HA-Fibrin hydrogel has

better material cues, which enable MSCs recruited in-vivo

to display assume chodrocytic phenotype and attain more

regenerative potential of hyaline cartilage, even in absence of a

chemotactic stimulus, such as PDGF-BB.

This project has received funding from the European Union’s

Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie

Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 642414.


Experimental human rhinovirus infection

induces exaggerated anti-viral and

B cell receptor gene expression in

peripheral B cells from asthmatics

Wirz Oliver1, Jansen Kirstin1, van de Veen Willem1/3,

Sokolowska Milena1, Tan Ge1/2, Akdis Cezmi A.1/3,

Johnston Sebastian4, Nadeau Kari5, Akdis Mübeccel1

1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich,

Davos, Switzerland

2 Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zürich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

3 Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland

4 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute,

Imperial College London, United Kingdom

5 Department of Medicine, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research,

Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

Background: Rhinovirus (RV) infections are among the most

common respiratory viral infections and are associated asthma

exacerbations. B cells are important players during viral infections

producing antiviral antibodies.

Objective: The current study aimed at characterization of in vivo B

cell responses in asthmatic and non-asthmatic individuals, before

and after experimental rhinovirus infection.

Methods: PBMCs were isolated from asthmatic and non-

asthmatic volunteers prior and three days after experimental

intranasal infection with rhinovirus-A16. CD19+ B cells were

purified using flow cytometry and next generation RNA-

sequencing was performed. Pure B cells were cultured in vitro

with RV-A16 and IFN-α for transcriptome profiling. PBMC were

stimulated with RV in vitro and cytokine-positive B cells were

analyzed using flow cytometry.

Results: At baseline, most differentially expressed genes between

asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects are involved in immune

system processes including antiviral, cytokine and B cell receptor

signaling responses. IgE and a group of inflammatory cytokines

including IL-6 are higher expressed in B cells from asthmatics.

RV infection induces stronger expression of interferon-induced

antiviral genes in asthmatics compared to non-asthmatics. B

cells from non-asthmatics upregulate expression of inflammatory

cytokine IL-6 which resembles steady-state gene expression

level in asthmatics. In vitro cultured B cells demonstrated that

IFN-α, but not RV-A16, is sufficient to induce the antiviral gene

expression found in experimentally infected subjects on day 3.

Conclusions: This study describes for the first time the effects

of in vivo RV-infection on peripheral B cells providing new

evidence for profound alteration of immune system processes

in asthmatics. This may open a new window for preventing and

better treatment of asthma exacerbations.


20 THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 11.00–11.15

Effectiveness of alpine climate treatment

for children with difficult to treat atopic

dermatitis: results of a pragmatic

randomized trial (DAVOS trial)

Fieten Karin1/2/3, Schappin Renske4, Zijlstra Wieneke1, Figee Lilian1,

Beutler Jos1, Raymakers Florine1, van Os-Medendorp Harmieke1,

Stellato Rebecca6, Vandewall Maartje2, Winkelhof Joan2,

Uniken Venema Monika4, Bruijnzeel-Koomen Carla1,

Rijssenbeek-Nouwens Lucia2, van der Ent Cornelis5,

van Hoffen Els1, Meijer Yolanda5, Pasmans Suzanne1/7

1 Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht,

Utrecht, The Netherlands

2 Dutch Asthma Center Davos, Davos, Switzerland

3 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich,

Davos, Switzerland

4 Department of Pediatric Psychology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital,

University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

5 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology/Allergology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital,


6 Department of Biostatistics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care,


7 Department of (Pediatric) Dermatology, Sophia Children’s Hospital,

Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Background: Alpine climate treatment has historically been used

in Europe to treat atopic dermatitis (AD), but no randomized trials

have been conducted to provide evidence for its effectiveness.

Objective: To investigate the long-term effectiveness of alpine

climate treatment for children with difficult to treat AD.

Materials & Methods: A pragmatic, open, randomized trial was

conducted. Children diagnosed with difficult to treat AD, aged

between 8 and 18 years and willing to be treated in Switzerland

were randomized to a six week personalized integrative

multidisciplinary treatment period in a clinical setting in the

alpine climate (Switzerland) or an outpatient setting in moderate

maritime climate (Netherlands). Primary outcomes were disease

activity (SAEASI), quality of life (CDLQI), and catastrophizing

thoughts (JUCKKI/JU) six months after intervention. Other

assessments were immediately and six weeks after intervention.

Subgroup analyses concerned asthma-related outcomes. Data

were analyzed according to intention-to-treat with linear mixed

effects models for continuous outcomes. The trial is registered at

Current Controlled Trials ISCRTN88136485.

Results: Between September 14th, 2010 and September 30th,

2014, 88 children were enrolled in the trial, 84 children were

randomized (41 assigned to intervention, 43 to control), 77

children completed the intervention and 74 completed follow-

up (12% drop-out rate). Six months after intervention there

were no significant differences between the groups on disease

activity (SAEASI mean difference -3.4 (95%CI -8.5 to 1.7)), quality

of life (CDLQI mean difference -0.3 (95%CI -2.0 to 1.4)), and

catastrophizing thoughts (JUCCKI/JU subscale mean difference

-0.7 (95%CI -1.4 to -0.0)). Immediately and six weeks after

intervention, disease activity (mean difference -10.1 (95%CI -14.5

to -5.8) and -8.4 (95%CI -12.2 to -4.6) respectively, and quality of

life (mean difference -1.9 (95%CI -3.3 to -0.5) and -1.5 (95%CI -2.8

to -0.3) respectively, were significantly different in favor of alpine

climate treatment. There were no long-term differences on asthma

related outcomes. Five serious adverse events occurred during the

study period.

Conclusions & Clinical relevance: For children with difficult to treat

AD, there is no additional long-term benefit of alpine climate

treatment compared to an outpatient treatment program in

moderate maritime climate.


Development of a poly( -caprolactone)

bone targeting antibiotic drug delivery

system by implementation of alendronate

bone seekers

Rotman Stijn1/2, Grijpma Dirk2, Richards R. Geoff1, Moriarty

Fintan1, Eglin David1, Guillaume Olivier1


2 Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

Osteomyelitis, the medical term for infection of the bone, is a

serious complication with high (up to 30%) incidence in open bone

fractures. Current treatment strategies involve a debridement

of the infected tissue, followed by a combined therapy with

systemic antibiotics and the implantation of antibiotic releasing

biomaterials. The success rate of such therapies is still insufficient,

with 30% of the patients showing recurrence of the infection after

12 months. The impaired blood supply to the tissue surrounding

the infection prevents optimal supply of systemic antibiotics,

and many antibiotic loaded biomaterials show either too fast or

insufficient drug release.

In this study, we aim to develop a biodegradable poly(

-caprolactone) (PCL) microparticulate delivery system for

antibiotics, to be used locally at the site of infection. Rifampicin

(RIF) and hydrophobic Gentamicin (Gen-AOT) were internalized

in the microparticles. The PCL surface was functionalized with

alendronate (ALN), to confer strong chemical affinity to the

calcium in bone tissue. This would allow the antibiotic loaded

PCL-ALN particles to remain and release drugs near the site of

bone infection after application during revision surgery.

Particle size, antibiotic loading efficiencies and in vitro antibiotic

release profiles using several emulsion-based microparticle

fabrication methods were tested. In vitro antibacterial

efficacies were observed for 5 days, and PCL-ALN affinity to

bone mimicking material increased 15-fold compared to PCL

particles without ALN on its surface. To check if the PCL-ALN

microparticles influenced bone homeostasis, the particles were

introduced to mouse macrophage derived osteoclast cultures on

bone mineral substrate. Healthy osteoclasts resorbed the mineral

substrate and by adding PCL-ALN the biological activity of the

osteoclasts remained unchanged.

These results imply that the developed drug delivery system

shows potential to enter pre-clinical trials to confirm its in vivo

potential to clear established bone infections.


22

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 11.30–11.45

Inflammasome activation is enhanced by

house dust mite exposure in rhinovirus-in-

fected asthmatic bronchial epithelium

Radzikowska Urszula1/2/4*, Eljaszewicz Andrzej1/2/4*, Wawrzyniak

Paulina1/2, Dreher Anita1/2, Globinska Anna1/2/7, Ruchti Fiorella1/2,

Tan Ge1/3, Smolinska Slywia5/6, Gajdanowicz Pawel5/6, Pirozynski

Michal8, Moniuszko Marcin4, Jutel Marek5/6, O’Mahony Liam1, Akdis

Cezmi A.1/2, Sokolowska Milena1/2

1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich,

Davos, Switzerland


3 Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

4 Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation,

Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland

5 Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

6 ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland

7 Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy Department, Medical University of Lodz,

Lodz, Poland

8 Allergy and Pulmonology Department, Postgraduate Center for Medical Education,

Warsaw, Poland


Viruses and allergens are important factors during early

development of asthma. Bronchial epithelium provides a

protective barrier against inhaled factors. Large multiprotein

complexes called inflammasomes constitute important parts of

innate immunity responses. Inflammasome activation leads to

secretion of mature forms of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and

IL-18. There is limited knowledge on the role of inflammasome

activation in human bronchial epithelium (HBE). Thus, we aimed

to understand its involvement during exposures to house dust

mite (HDM) and human rhinovirus (HRV16) in the pathogenesis

of asthma and upon viral infections. Differentiated primary

human bronchial epithelial cells, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

(BAL) and lung biopsies from controls and asthma donors

were used to study inflammasome activation and expression

of inflammasome-related molecules by next generation

sequencing, ELISA, western blotting, multiplex assays and

confocal microscopy. We found striking changes in the expression

of inflammasome-related genes in HBE after HRV16 infection in

healthy and asthmatic subjects. Changes in inflammasome- and

virus-related pathways and their functions were accompanied

with full activation of inflammasome, represented by formation

of ASC specks, increased secretion of IL-1β, which was blocked

by caspase-1 inhibitor and ICAM-1 blocking. Release of mature

IL-1β was limited to the apical surface of polarized cells, which

corresponded to ex vivo apical expression of ASC in human lung

biopsies and increased IL-1β secretion into BAL of asthmatic

patients. Upregulation of DDX58 (RIG-I) gene expression upon

HRV16 infection and HDM exposure in HBE, altogether with ex

vivo apical expression of RIG-I protein in epithelium in human

lung biopsies highlight that RIG-I is a potential inflammasome

sensor molecule in viral infections in HBE. Our findings highlight

that activation of inflammasome and apical accumulation of

inflammasome-related molecules are stimulated by HRV16

infection and augmented in the presence of HDM. This

phenomenon is strongly upregulated in asthmatic patients.


The AO Sheep project: the healthiest

European sheep

Berset Corina Mihaela, Lanker Urban, Richards R. Geoff,

Zeiter StephanAO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland

Sheep provide unique opportunities for biomedical research

and are therefore often used as preclinical models. As detailed

information about sheep used for experimental studies was

lacking, we conducted a European survey among biomedical

research sheep users. The 84 respondents identified that the

animals’ health status, their availability, the trust and experience

in the sheep provider and the animals’ uniformity were the main

criteria for choosing a sheep supplier. Approximately 60% of the

participants had encountered problems in their sheep not related

to the experimental protocol.

To avoid such health problems and subsequent bias to research

results, rodents and rabbits bred in specialized facilities for

research purposes are Specific-Pathogen Free (SPF) according

to FELASA (Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science

Associations) health monitoring recommendations. In contrast,

sheep are very seldom bred on purpose for research and are

usually purchased from local farms. Even though FELASA

recommendations for screening of the most relevant pathogens

(bacteria, viruses and parasites) also exist for sheep, neither the

farmer breeders, nor the very few specialized breeders, report

following them, nor breed SPF sheep.

In 2017 we have successfully managed to set the premises

of the first European SPF flock (AO Sheep), according to the

FELASA Recommendations. We have performed 14 Caesarean-

sections and obtained 20 SPF lambs free of, inter alia, Chlamydia

spp., Coxiella burnetii, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis,

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella spp., Leptospira

spp., Small ruminant lentiviruses, Border Disease Virus.

We are currently increasing the SPF flock through Caesarean

sections, aiming to have a self-sustained and sustainable flock

of AO Sheep, which will then only require Caesarean sections to

bring in new genetics, all other births will be natural within the

developed SPF flock. This would be available primarily for the

preclinical orthopedic projects performed at the AO Research

Institute Davos, but also for external researchers.



Studying the regulation of IgE antibody

production in patients with a mutation in

the STAT3 gene

van de Veen Willem1/2*, Krätz Carolin1/2/3*, McKenzie Craig4,

Aui Pei4, Neumann Jens5, van Noesel Carel6, Wirz Oliver1,

Hagl Beate2/8, Kröner Carolin3, Spielberger Benedikt3/8,

Akdis Cezmi1/3, van Zelm Menno4/7, Akdis Mübeccel1,

Renner Ellen2/3/8/9♯

1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland

2 Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland

3 University Children’s Hospital at Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig Maximilian

University Munich, Germany

4 Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

5 Pathology Department, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany

6 Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

7 Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital,

Melbourne, Australia

8 Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Technische Universität München and

Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany

9 Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Davos, Switzerland


Background: Limited data are available on the mechanisms that

regulate IgE production in humans. STAT3-Hyper-IgE syndrome

(STAT3-HIES) is caused by heterozygous mutations in the STAT3

gene and is associated with eczema, elevated serum-IgE, and

recurrent infections.

Method: To investigate the impact of STAT3 signaling on B cell

responses, in particular the regulation of IgE production, we

assessed lymph node and bone marrow, in vitro proliferation and

antibody production, presence of B and plasma cells, and somatic

hypermutation (SHM) of STAT3-HIES patients and healthy

controls.

Results: Lymph nodes of STAT3-HIES patients showed normal

germinal center architecture with CD138+ plasma cells residing

within the paracortex. These plasma cells expressed IgE, IgG

and IgM but not IgA. IgE+ plasma cells were abundantly present

in STAT3-HIES bone marrow. Proliferation of naive B cells upon

stimulation with CD40L+IL-4 was similar in patients and controls,

while patient cells showed reduced proliferative responses to

IL-21 and were skewed towards plasma cells differentiation.

IgE, IgG1, IgG3 and IgA1 transcripts showed reduced somatic

hypermutations. Elevated IgE+ memory B cells were found

in STAT3-HIES peripheral blood, while other memory B cell

frequencies with the exception of IgG4+ cells were decreased.

Conclusions: STAT3-HIES patients show signs of impaired

germinal center reactions illustrated by a reduced memory B cell

compartment and limited molecular maturation of select IGHV

regions, supporting the need for immunoglobulin substitution

therapy. IgE+ B cell and plasma cell development was favored

in these patients, indicating that STAT3-signaling is critical

for the generation of fully mature GCs that support affinity

maturation, while impaired STAT3 signalling results in a weakened

GC reaction, which favours differentiation to plasma cells that

produce IgE.


The influence of herbaceous vegetation

on the occurrence of shallow erosion on

Alpine pastures and grasslands

Löbmann Michael1, Geitner Clemens2, Mayr Andreas2,

Mejia-Aguilar Abraham3, Rutzinger Martin4, Viketoft Maria5,

Wellstein Camilla1, Zebisch Marc3, Zerbe Stefan1

1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen, Italy

2 Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

3 Institute for Earth Observation, EURAC, Bozen, Italy

4 Institute of Interdisciplinary Mountain Research (IGF),

Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria

5 Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden

Shallow erosion is a complex top soil erosion process in mountain

areas induced by a series of factors, such as snow movement,

inclination, topography or hydrological effects. Frequent

occurrence of shallow erosion can lead to significant losses of

mountain grassland and productivity. In the Alps, farmers and

environmentalists observed an increase of shallow erosion on

pastures and meadows during the last decades. A frequent

observation is that after grassland is abandoned a natural

succession starts during which the vegetation cover seems to be

less resistant against triggering processes of shallow erosion.

Many authors provide detailed field observations about the

influence of herbaceous vegetation on shallow erosion all over the

Alps. However, direct comparative measurement of herbaceous

vegetation effects are rare. A variety of methods exists for

measurement of vertical root effects on slope stabilization,

such as shear tests, or pullout tests. However, measurement of

horizontal root effects is largely restricted to computer modelling.

Therefore, we still have an incomplete understanding of

vegetation effects, in particular on small-scale erosion processes

such as shallow erosion.

Here, we present the effects of alpine grassland vegetation

composition on horizontal tensile strength, as measured in the

field. With a traction machine, grass sods were pulled apart and

the tensile strength was measured over the time. Horizontal

tensile strength of different vegetation types and management

regimes was measured and compared for different soil depths,

hydrological conditions, and root physiological properties. The

results improve our understanding of horizontal root effects on

slope stabilization and can be used for improved evaluation of

grass slope stability. Based on this knowledge, we can give advice

to farmers for detection of shallow erosion susceptible sites as

well as preventive management measures.



The importance of Swiss hydropower for

the regional economy in the Canton of

Grisons

Herter Marc, Hediger WernerCenter for Economic Policy Research, University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur, Chur, Switzerland

The future of Swiss hydropower is a fundamental topic from an

economic and political point of view. Being the most important

domestic source of energy in Switzerland, it is a backbone of

regional economies in mountain areas and plays an important

role in the Energy Strategy 2050.

However, its future is fraught with challenges regarding

environmental, societal and economic concerns. On one hand,

the planned expansion of hydropower is facing scrutiny from

environmental organizations and pressure groups. On the other

hand, power plant companies are confronted with low prices

on the increasingly liberalized electricity market, a factor so

important that it has provoked a political debate about water

fees. Established as a financial compensation for the use of water

for electricity generation, water fees have become an important

source of revenue for mountain regions in Switzerland, the sites of

the largest hydropower plants.

Hydropower has played an important role in supporting

economic development and securing fiscal revenue in mountain

cantons for more than 100 years. In the Canton of Grisons and

its municipalities, which equally share water fee revenues, each

received water fee payments of around CHF 53 million in 2016.

In some municipalities, these revenues account for up to around

40% of their total revenues and are used to mitigate high tax

burden and to finance local infrastructure (e.g. roads, schools,

recreational facilities).

Now, to what extent would changes in the water fee system

affect municipal finances directly as well as indirectly through

the cantonal financial equalization system? Moreover, how would

a new system impact regional economic development in the

canton of Grisons?

This research project is part of the National Research Programme

«Energy Turnaround♯» (NRP 70) of the Swiss National Science

Foundation (SNSF).


Anthropogenic disturbance in a warmer

world

Chardon Nathalie Isabelle1/2, Wipf Sonja2, Rixen Christian2,

Doak Daniel1

1 Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA

2 Mountain Ecosystems, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

Global change is modifying species communities from

local to landscape scales, and alterations in the abiotic (e.g.,

climate) and biotic (e.g., species competition) factors setting

species’ geographic distributions cause species range shifts

along latitudinal and elevational gradients. An important but

often overlooked component of global change is the effect of

anthropogenic disturbance, and how it interacts with the effects

of climate to affect both species and communities, as well as

interspecies (i.e. between species) interactions, such as facilitation

and competition. Such interactions are of particular interest

in understanding how species ranges will shift, as they can

determine if the range of a species will shift to higher elevations

to keep up with climate change, or contract because of increasing

competitive interactions at the lower elevational range limit. By

examining frequent human trampling disturbances in alpine plant

communities in Switzerland, we found that such disturbances

have negative effects at both the individual species as well as

community level. On an individual species level, disturbance

reduces both population density and reproduction of the

common alpine cushion plant Silene acaulis. On a community

level, disturbance lowers community species richness, an effect

surprisingly not mitigated by the facilitative Silene acaulis. While

other studies have shown that light to moderate disturbances can

maintain high community species diversity, our results emphasize

that heavier disturbance reduces species richness, diversity, as

well as percent cover, and adversely affects cushion plants, and

that these effects are not substantially reduced by plant-plant

interactions. Heavily disturbed alpine systems could therefore

be at greater risk for upward encroachment of more competitive,

lower elevation species in a warming world.


Long-term mass-balance reconstruction

for the Silvretta glacier derived from

tree-ring proxy

Lopez-Saez Jérôme1, Stoffel Markus1, Corona Christophe2

1 Institute for Environmental Sciences, Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the

Anthropocene (C-CIA), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Clermont-Ferrand, France

The worldwide retreat of glaciers – with accelerated speed

during the past few decades – is frequently seen as a clear and

unambiguous evidence of global warming. Mass balance plays

a crucial role in the definition of glacier states, and is defined as

the difference between mass input and mass loss on a glacier,

measured over a particular time interval and expressed in terms

of water equivalence. Given that temporal and spatial variations

in different climate variables are controlling factors, glacier mass

balance can be an effective proxy indicator of regional climate

change. Several attempts have been undertaken to regionally or

globally summarize the available data on glacier mass balance

using various approaches. Results all confirm the order of

magnitude characterizing worldwide annual ice thickness losses

during recent decades. Recently, globally coordinated monitoring

efforts have contributed to a comprehensive set of time series,

documenting variations in glacier-wide mass balance for >100

glaciers. However, only few series exceed the last 20 years and

even fewer start before the 1980s. A newly published study

compiled an unprecedented set of 19 new or re-analysed series

of glacier-wide seasonal mass balance changes for the Swiss Alps

based on direct measurements throughout the 20th century.

The authors of this study (Huss et al., 2015) observed that all


cumulative mass-balance series show mass losses since the

mid-1980s.

Tree rings are widely used to reconstruct past climate variability

with annual resolution, and have been used to infer late Holocene

glacier fluctuations, in addition to climate and precipitation

reconstructions. Despite this obvious potential, only a very limited

number of studies has used tree-rings as a proxy of long-term,

highly-resolved glacier fluctuations. In this study, we combine a

newly-developed, tree-ring record of Swiss stone pines (Pinus

cembra L.) from God Tamangur (Val S-charl) to reconstruct

several centuries of annually-resolved temperature and humidity

fluctuations in the region and to then infer long-term, multi-

centennial mass-balance fluctuations of the Silvretta glacier for

which shorter time series already exist. This unique dataset (i)

delivers an unprecedented long-term estimation of the surface

mass balance and (ii) strengthens the worldwide collection of

glacier records, especially for the data-sparse period before the

20th century.


Assessing plant traits from Sentinel-2

images: a physical based approach in

differently managed alpine grasslands

Rossi ChristianSwiss National Park, Zernez, Switzerland

Ecosystem services, such us carbon sequestration, are strongly

linked to different plant traits, like leaf dry matter content and

specific leaf area. These traits are strongly affected by land

management practices and nutrient availability. Therefore, it is not

surprising to see an increased recognition of plant traits as a mean

for change assessment along environmental and management

gradients. However, capturing and analysing these plant traits and

their variations remains challenging. Limited data availability at

distinct spatial and temporal scales is the major issue.

Modern remote sensing systems bear the potential to close

this gap. Satellite images provide a complete landscape picture,

benefiting from the unique light reflectance of plant traits. From

reflected sunlight we quantified plant traits in grasslands of the

Swiss National Park and agricultural landscape in its surroundings.

For trait quantification we took advantages of a physical model

that describes reflectance of the aboveground portion of plant

communities. Beside the simplifications of the model and

species heterogeneity of alpine grassland, the method provided

a valid approach for the quantification of mean plant trait values.

Applied to our study area it was possible to distinguish the impact

of different fertilization and grazing intensities on plant traits from

space. Differences in plant traits were recorded in protected areas

compared to agricultural landscapes.

The plant trait assessment produces evidence for the evaluation

of protective and agricultural measurements on extended

spatial scales. Further, due to high temporal resolution of the

satellite image acquisition the proposed method is suitable for

incorporation into monitoring schemes.


Modelling the propagation saw test with

a three-dimensional discrete element

method

Bobillier Gregoire1, Gaume Johan1/2, Van Herwijnen Alec1,

Schweizer Jürg1

1 Avalanche Formation, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

2 School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering,

EPFL Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

Dry-snow slab avalanche release is a multi-scale fracture process.

It starts with the formation of a localized failure in a highly porous

weak snow layer underlying a cohesive snow slab, followed by

rapid crack propagation within the weak layer and finally a tensile

fracture through the slab leading to its detachment. About 15

years ago, the propagation saw test (PST) was developed, a

fracture mechanical field test that provides information on crack

propagation propensity in weak snowpack layers. It has become

a valuable research tool to investigate processes involved in

crack propagation. While this has led to a better understanding

of the onset of crack propagation, much less is known about

the ensuing propagation dynamics. To analyze the dynamics of

propagating cracks, we therefore modeled a three-dimensional

PST with the discrete element method (DEM). Using cohesive

ballistic deposition, we created a highly porous, anisotropic and

brittle weak layer covered by a dense cohesive and isotropic slab.

By tuning the contact law parameters between particles, we

obtained realistic macroscopic behavior of snow deformation for

the slab and the weak layer. We then simulated PSTs by cutting

the weak layer with a numerical snow saw. The simulations

reproduced the dynamics of crack propagation as observed in

the field. Our results highlight the influence of the mechanical

properties of slab and weak layer on the stress distribution during

crack propagation, the propagation distance before fracture arrest

and the propagation speed.


POSTER 1

An active fixation system to investigate

the influence of local mechanical

conditions on fracture healing

Barcik Jan1, Ernst Manuela1, Freitag Linda1, Dlaska Constantin

Edmond2, Gueorguiev Boyko1, Epari Devakar3, Windolf Markus1


2 Charité CMSC Berlin, Berlin, Germany

3 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia

Mechanical conditions present in the fracture gap influence

bone healing. Past research on the subject proved that fracture

healing requires a certain level of mechanical stimuli. However,

the optimal level of amplitude, frequency and timing of the

stimulating interfragmentary motion remains unknown. In this

project, we developed an active fixation system that introduces

predetermined and well controlled mechanical conditions in the

fracture gap and monitors bone healing progression. Collected

data shall contribute to a deeper understanding of the influence

of mechanical stimulation on fracture healing in order to decrease

the number of clinical non-unions and delayed bone unions in

future.

We applied an active fixation system in a sheep tibial osteotomy.

The developed fixation is an actuator-sensor unit that

compresses the tissue in the fracture to mimic an effect of weight

bearing independently from the animal’s activity. A custom-made

controller was developed to program different post-operative

protocols that can vary in amplitude, strain rate and timing of

the mechanical stimulation. During each stimulation cycle, the

controller acquires axial load and displacement values in the

fracture gap to evaluate tissue in vivo stiffness and monitor bone

healing. We implanted the fixation system in two sheep and

programmed the controller with an immediate and a delayed

rehabilitation protocol respectively.

We developed and tested in vivo a research implant that

acquires experimental data regarding the influence of local

mechanical conditions on fracture healing. The active fixation

system maintained its functionality over the whole course of the

experiment. A clear difference in the healing onset was recorded

between both animals. The presented fixation system is a very

flexible tool that can apply a vast of different rehabilitation

protocols in the sheep animal model to investigate optimal local

mechanical conditions that promote bone fracture healing.

POSTER 2

Does supplemental intramedullary

grafting increase stability of plated

proximal humerus fractures?

Ciric Daniel1/3, Rusimov Lyubomir1/2, Zderic Ivan1, Enchev Dian2,

Rashkov Mihail2, Hadzhinikolova Mariya1/2, Richards R. Geoff1,

Gueorguiev Boyko1, Baltov Asen2


2 University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment and Emergency Medicine ‚

N I Pirogov’, Department of Trauma Surgery, Sofia, Bulgaria

3 Flinders University, Tonesly, Australia

Background: Locking plates are the standard treatment for

proximal humerus fractures. Varus collapse followed by

subsequent cut-through of the screws into the articular surface

are reported as a commonly occurring complication after fixation.

Supplemental augmentation of the medial column utilizing

intramedullary bone graft may alleviate the problems associated

with plating, facilitate the postoperative rehabilitation phase and

result in superior clinical outcomes.

Objectives: The aim is to investigate the biomechanical

competence of PHILOS plating of normal and osteoporotic

proximal humerus fractures augmented with supplemental

intramedullary graft in comparison to conventional PHILOS

fixation.

Study Design and Methods: Four-part proximal humerus fractures

of 30 artificial humeri, assigned to 3 groups were made. Fracture

pattern in group 1 had a loss of medial support. Fractured

specimens in group 2 were with intact medial support, but with

simulated aggravated bone quality in the humeral head. Fracture

model in group 3 was combination of the pattern in groups 1 and

2. Following fracture reduction, each specimen was instrumented

with PHILOS plate and tested non-destructively in 25° lateral

angulation under axial loading up to 400N. Anteroposterior

X-rays were shot between 150N and 400N loads in 50N

increments. Subsequently, all biomechanical tests were repeated

with an additional 3D-printed cylindrical polylactide graft

inserted into each specimen to simulate plating augmented with

intramedullary fibula graft. Axial stiffness and varus tilting of the

humerus head were evaluated.

Results: Non-grafted specimens represented higher stiffness

and lower varus tilting in group 2 compared to groups 1 and 3;

no differences were detected among the three groups in grafted

state. Intramedullary grafting resulted in higher axial stiffness in

groups 1 and 3, but not in group 2. Varus tilting decreased in each

group post graft insertion.

Conclusions: PHILOS plating augmented with intramedullary

graft has potential to increase stability against varus collapse

in unstable proximal humerus fractures, when compared to

conventional PHILOS fixation.

POSTER PRESENTATIONS POSTERS 1–18: Medical and Life Sciences

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 15.15–16.45


POSTER 3

Supplemental dorsal locked plating

enhances stability of unstable distal radius

fractures

Ciric Daniel1/3, Hadzhinikolova Mariya1/2, Zderic Ivan1,

Enchev Dian2, Baltov Asen2, Rusimov Lyubomir1/2,

Richards R. Geoff 1, Gueorguiev Boyko1, Mihail Rashkov2


2 University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment and Emergency Medicine‚

N I Pirogov’, Sofia, Bulgaria

3 Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia

Background: Distal radius fractures contribute to 17.5% of

all fractures. Their treatment in case of comminution is still

challenging. Variable-angle screw technology could counteract

these challenges. Additionally, combined volar and dorsal plating

is valuable for treatment of such complex fractures. Currently,

biomechanical investigation on the competency of supplemental

dorsal plating is scant.

Objectives: This study’s aim is to investigate the biomechanical

competency of double-plated distal radius fractures in

comparison to volar locking plating.

Methods: Complex intra-articular distal radius fractures AO/OTA

23-C2.1 and C3.1 were created in 30 artificial radii, assigned to 3

groups. Lunate facet was divided in 3 equally-sized fragments in

group 1, split in smaller dorsal and larger volar fragment in group

2, and divided in 2 equal fragments in group 3. Following fracture

reduction, each specimen was first instrumented with a volar

locking plate and tested non-destructively in 40° flexion, 40°

extension and 0° neutral position. Mediolateral radiographs were

taken under 100N loads in flexion and extension, and under 150N

loads in neutral position. Subsequently, all biomechanical tests

were repeated after supplemental dorsal locking plating. Stiffness

and angular displacement between the shaft and lunate facet

were evaluated.

Results: Stiffness in neutral position increased after supplemental

dorsal plating in groups 2 and 3, but not in group 1. In addition,

stiffness in extension remained without increase after dorsal

plating, whereas in flexion it increased after dorsal plating in each

group. Angular displacement in neutral position decreased after

dorsal plating in each group. Additionally, angular displacement

in extension decreased after dorsal plating in groups 1 and 2, but

not in group 3, whereas in flexion it decreased after supplemental

dorsal plating in each group.

Conclusions: Supplemental dorsal locked plating increases

fixation stability of unstable distal radius fractures after volar

locked plating. However, its effect depends on the fracture

pattern.

POSTER 4

The effect of pre-exercise cooling on per-

formance characteristics: A systematic

review and meta-analysis

Clijsen Ron1/2/3, Hohenauer Erich1/2/3, Stoop Rahel1, Clarys Peter3,

Deliens Tom3, Taeymans Jan3/4

1 Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Department of Business Economics,

Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland,

Landquart, Switzerland


3 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Movement and Sport Science, Brussels, Belgium

4 Health Department, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Berne, Switzerland

Introduction: Exercising in high environmental temperatures may

cause precocious hyperthermia induced fatigue resulting in a

decreased athletes’ performance output. This systematic review

with meta-analysis investigated the possible effects of pre-

exercise cooling on performance output.

Methods: This study was performed according to the PRISMA

guidelines and the PICO model was used to establish the research

question. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was applied to assess

the validity of the included studies. Study eligibility was given

when the studies compared the effects between any kind of

pre-cooling and non-cooling strategies prior to exercise on

performance output.

Results: Twenty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria for

quantitative analysis. Risk of bias was high or unclear but

the performance bias was low. The estimated standardized

mean difference revealed that external pre-cooling (21 studies)

enhanced performance (Hedges’ g = 0.49 [95% CI: 0.33 to 0.64]),

with the main effect observed in endurance cycling or running.

Internal (7 studies) and mixed-method (5 studies) pre-cooling

failed to significantly affect performance parameters. However,

the main output parameter, evaluated in these studies, was peak

power output. Subgroup analysis for different outcome measures

was not possible because meaningful grouping was not plausible.

Limitations of this meta-analysis were the high or unclear risk

of bias and the comparability of the included studies. Future

studies should also determine the effects of different pre-cooling

applications on female and untrained participants.

Conclusion: Based on the results of this meta-analysis, it can

be concluded that there is some evidence in favour of external

pre-cooling to avoid precocious hyperthermia induced fatigue in

endurance athletes exercising in hot environments.

References:

The Effect of Pre-Exercise Cooling on Performance

Characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. January

2018, International Journal of Clinical Medicine 09(03):117-14,

DOI10.4236/ijcm.2018.93012


POSTER 5

Displaced medial clavicle fractures;

operative treatment with locking

compression plate fixation

Frima Herman1, Houwert Roderick Marijn2, Sommer Christoph1

1 Department of Trauma Surgery, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland

2 Utrecht Traumacenter, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Objectives: Medial clavicle fractures are rare injuries and

historically treated non-operatively. Displaced medial clavicle

fractures, however, have a higher incidence of delayed- or non-

union compared to non- displaced medial clavicle fractures and

might benefit from operative treatment. We describe below a new

technique for treating intra-articular fractures or extra-articular

fractures with a small medial fragment by using special locking

plates and present the results of our operatively treated patients.

Methods: First we describe our technique for treating intra-

articular fractures and fractures with a small medial fragment

fractures with the radial (VA)-LCP™ Distal Humerus Plate (DePuy

Synthes, Switzerland). Displaced medial clavicle fractures with a

sufficient medial bone stock were treated with the LCP™ Superior

Anterior Clavicle Plate with lateral extension (DePuy Synthes,

Switzerland).

Second, a retrospective cohort study was performed. All patients

operated on for a displaced medial clavicle fracture between 2010

and 2017 were included. Primary outcome was the QuickDASH

score and the Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV). Secondary

outcomes were operative complications including mal- or non-

union and implant removal.

Results: All 15 patients were available for follow-up. Fourteen

patients were included in our analysis. One patient was excluded

due to severe concomitant injuries. The mean follow up was 39

months (range 9-79). The mean QuickDASH score was 0,81 (range

0-4.50, SD +/- 1.44) and the mean SSV was 96 (range 80-100,

SD +/- 6.53). One patient had an early revision operation and

developed an infection after 1,5 years. No mal- or non-unions

occurred. Nine patients had their implants removed.

Conclusions: Operative treatment of displaced medial clavicle

fractures with well-fitting ’small fragment’ locking plates provides

an excellent long-term functional outcome. Intra-articular

fractures or extra-articular fractures with a small medial fragment

can be treated with the radial (VA)-LCP™ Distal Humerus Plate.

POSTER 6

The effect of bacteriophages on innate and

adaptive immune responses

Głobinska Anna, Boonpiyathad Tadech, Akdis Cezmi,

Akdis MübeccelSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland

Background: Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that kill bacteria.

Human body is colonized by phages that occupy habitats such

as gut, skin, lungs, urinary tract and oral cavity. They interact

with mucosal surfaces and are able to cross epithelial cell layer to

disseminate throughout the body. They are currently considered

as natural regulators of commensal and pathogen bacterial

populations. However, they can interact with tissue cells and

can act as potential modulators of the immune responses,

which stays as an open research area. The aim of the study is to

characterize the immunomodulatory potentials of phages.

Methodology: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)

were isolated from healthy donors using density gradient

centrifugation. PBMCs at a density of 106 cells/ml were cultured

in the presence of different doses of Staphylococcus aureus (S.

aureus) phages (106, 105, 104, 103, 102 PFU) or left unstimulated

for 24h, 48h and 72h. The expression of immune response-

related genes was measured by real time qPCR. Concentration of

proteins in cell culture supernatants was assessed using multiplex

immunoassay. Cell proliferation and viability were evaluated

by flow cytometry using cell trace violet and zombie yellow,

respectively.

Results: Increased expression of macrophage chemoattractant

protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 mRNA was induced in

PBMCs exposed to 106 PFU of S. aureus phages at 24h. In parallel

with an increased mRNA expression, the concentrations of MCP-1,

IL-6 and IL-8 were elevated in cell culture supernatants at 48h and

72h after stimulation with 106 PFU of S. aureus phages. Viability

of PBMCs did not change significantly in the presence of any of

different doses of S. aureus phages compared to unstimulated.

Similarly, no effect of S. aureus phages on proliferation of CD3+

and CD19+ cells was observed at any time point.

Conclusions: The preliminary results have demonstrated the

potential of S. aureus phages to stimulate immune responses.

POSTER 7

Dual-hydrogel network based on

hyaluronic acid for intervertebral disc

repair: an in vitro study

Guo Wei1/2, Hu MingHsien1/3, D’Este Matteo1, Richards R. Geoff1,

Lee Pei-Yuan3, Alini Mauro1, Grad Sibylle1, Peroglio Marianna1


2 Department of Spine Surgery, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,

Guangzhou, China

3 Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan

Background: Low back pain is the leading cause of disability

worldwide and often associated with intervertebral disc

(IVD) degeneration. Current treatments of low back pain

symptoms range from conservative management to surgical

intervention. However, none of these treatments are capable

to restore a degenerative disc. Therefore, research has focused

on regenerative approaches based on biomaterials, cells or

combination of both. The latter approach is very promising, but

one of the major challenges is to provide a biomaterial that can

restore mechanical functionality while at the same time providing

a relatively soft matrix allowing adequate cell encapsulation.

Hypothesis and aims: We have previously shown in a whole organ

culture model that the CS-HA was able to withstand physiological

cyclic mechanical loading. We hypothesized that a dual-

hydrogel system could address these contrasting requirements.

A first hydrogel network (based on chemically crosslinked

hyaluronan, CS-HA) was infiltrated with a cell suspension in a

thermoreversible hyaluronan hydrogel (TR-HA) and gelified in

situ, leading to a dual-hydrogel network. In this study, we aimed

at investigating the cell distribution and response in the dual-


hydrogel system. Results: Optimal concentrations of CS-HA and

TR-HA required to obtain a homogeneous dual-hydrogel were

determined. When immerged in culture medium, dual-hydrogels

retain the swelling capacity of CS-HA. Hydrogels were stable

in culture medium for 2 months (in the absence of cells). When

intervertebral disc cells were seeded in the dual-hydrogels, it was

found that cell retention and cell distribution were improved in

the dual-hydrogel compared to CS-HA, as attested by histological

analyses (nuclear staining). Conclusions and perspectives: In

conclusion, an innovative dual-hydrogel system combining good

cell retention and ability to withstand cyclic load was developed

and tested. This dual-hydrogel holds a strong potential for

regenerative approaches for the treatment of low back pain

resulting from degenerated intervertebral discs.

POSTER 8

Investigation of hydrogel and growth

factors for intervertebral disc regeneration

Haeckel Sonja1, Li Zhen1, Yayon Avner2, Hoppe Sven3,

Benneker Lorin3, Alini Mauro1, Grad Sibylle1


2 ProCore Bio Med Ltd., Ness Ziona, Israel

3 Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland

Low back pain (LBP) is a symptom that severely affects the

quality of life of affected patients. In addition to this, chronic

LBP can cause work absences and disability with the related

socio-economic problems. This condition can originate from

intervertebral disc (IVD) related issues such as disc herniation or

degeneration. A degenerated disc is characterized by a decreased

height and a partial loss of structure and function, especially of

the inner core, the nucleus pulposus (NP). The aim of this project

is to screen for injectable drugs which target the NP and delay or

reverse the process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD).

The current study investigated the potential regenerative effect of

Fibroblast Growth Factor 18 (FGF-18) on the IVD. FGF-18 is already

in clinical use for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the knee

joint. We chose this factor because of the similar cell phenotype

of cartilage and IVD. Healthy bovine NP cells and degenerated

human NP cells were cultured in a monolayer and stimulated with

FGF-18. Whereas bovine NP cells showed no significant change

in the expression of genes most relevant to regeneration, FGF-18

caused a donor dependent effect on regeneration in human NP

cells.

In addition, bovine and human NP cells were cultured for 14

days in a Fibrinogen-Hyaluronic acid (Fibrin-HA) Hydrogel

(RegenoGelTM, provided by ProCore, Israel). Analysis showed an

increase of glycosaminoglycans in hydrogel, which supports the

hypothesis, that this hydrogel promotes cell growth and matrix

production.

In conclusion, FGF18 in monolayer cultures and Fibrin-HA

hydrogel in 3D cultures may support NP regeneration and

differentiation. Further studies are underway to confirm the

specific effects and the potential benefits of their combination.

This project has received funding from the European Union’s

Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie

Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 642414.

POSTER 9

Early prediction of healing outcome in

a large bone defect rodent model via

microCT

Hildebrand Maria1, Herrmann Marietta 1/2, Thompson Keith1,

Gieling Fabian1, Gehweiler Dominic1, Verrier Sophie1, Alini Mauro1,

Zeiter Stephan1


2 IZKF Research Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases,

Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University Würzburg, Germany

Introduction: Pre-clinical models are essential for understanding

the biology and biomechanics of bone healing and to develop

treatments for critical bone defects. Since most of the current

models rely on size of the osteotomy to impede healing – so

called critical-size defects – they do not mimic the complex

situation of delayed unions. Therefore, establishing a pre-clinical

model with predictable healing outcome will aid development

and testing of future intervention strategies.

Method: Femoral osteotomies (gap sizes: 2mm and 1mm) were

created in female, adult Fischer rats and fixated with either a

2mm or 1.25mm PEEK plate (RISystem) under ethical approval

(TVB 14E/2016), yielding 4 groups (each n=7). MicroCT analysis

was performed post-operatively, after 2, 3, 4 weeks and biweekly

until 14 weeks. Spearman correlation coefficient and goodness

of fit was calculated. Biomechanical testing of the plate designs

was performed for axial bending, 4-point bending and torsional

stiffness.

Results: The 1.25mm plate is less stiff than the 2mm plate for

all parameters tested, and resulted in improved healing in 1mm

and 2mm defect sizes. In general, the larger 2mm defect size

demonstrates poorer healing responses compared to the 1mm

defect. Based on microCT images, only 3/14 animals bridged the

2mm defect whereas 7/14 animals bridged the 1mm defect within

14 weeks. Interestingly, healing can be accurately predicted by 4

weeks in 2mm defects but not in 1mm defects, indicating that

early responses dictate healing in our larger defect model.

Discussion: We can accurately predict the healing outcome of a

large bone defect by 4 weeks. The early diagnosis of a delayed

union thereby enables us to test interventions at an early stage, to

maximize the chances of therapeutic success. The spontaneous

healers create an inherent control group. Future studies will aim

to test new treatment strategies for delayed unions in the non-

healing animals.

POSTER 10

Development of team competence in

nursing vocational trainings

Hornung, Katja1/2

1 Bildungszentrum Gesundheit und Soziales BGS, Chur, Switzerland

2 Department of Nursing Science, Private University UMIT, Hall in Tirol, Austria

Nursing education is supposed to prepare students for

challenges in their future workspace. Effective teamwork is

important for various settings of the healthcare system. But

how do nurses become team players? How is nursing team

competency defined? What do the theoretical and practical


education settings in the German-speaking world look like? What

can we learn from each other?

We designed a multi-centre (3 German-speaking countries, 3

vocational training schools, Baden-Württemberg/ Germany;

Vorarlberg, Austria; Graubünden/ Switzerland), sequenced

embedded mixed-methods-study (QUAN: n=301, nursing

students, QUAL: n=6, teachers of vocational training from

the three participating educational institutions) based on a

theoretical model (basic model TK-DACH), triangulation with

«Meta-Matrix», reflection of the results with nursing scientists

(n=7). In particular, the framework of the practical part of their

education was significantly more appreciated in Switzerland

than in the neighbouring countries. The participating Austrian

educational institution sets its focus on school culture, which

has been positively reflected in both quantitative and qualitative

assessments. All participating training centres show several

team competence promoting elements. There are plenty of

opportunities for learning from each other. The most important

factors of team competence promotion in vocational school

trainings are: structured training of communication skills, positive

school culture and «role modelling» of the teachers. In terms of

the practical application at the workplace, team competence

skills are positively supported through: inter-professional

appreciation, the integration of the apprentices in their workplace,

a positive culture and orientation of learning at the workplace and

problem-based-curricula such as in Graubünden. In all countries,

the nursing vocational training is, on all levels, increasingly

competence-oriented. These results could be applied in creating

innovative training programmes for better patient safety and

employee satisfaction.

POSTER 11

In vivo T regulatory cell regulation during

Human Rhinovirus infection

Jansen Kirstin1, Wirz Oliver1, Tan Ge1/2, van de Veen Willem1,

Mirer David1, Johnston Sebastian3, Papadopoulos Nikolaos4,

Akdis Cezmi1/5, Nadeau Kari6/7, Akdis Mübeccel1


2 Functional genomics Centre Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

3 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute,

Imperial College London, United Kingdom

4 Allergy Department, Second Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece


6 Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA

7 Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research,

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA

Rationale: Respiratory infections with human rhinoviruses (HRV)

are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations and pose a

severe health risk for allergic individuals. How HRV infections

and chronic allergic diseases are linked, and which role HRV

plays in the breaking of allergen-specific tolerance is unknown.

T regulatory cells (Tregs) play an important role in the induction

and maintenance of immune tolerance. Therefore, the aim of this

study is to investigate the effects of HRV on Tregs during asthma

exacerbations.

Methods: Healthy and asthmatic individuals were experimentally

infected with HRV16 in vivo. Peripheral blood mononuclear

cells (PBMCs) were obtained before infection and three days

after infection. Tregs were sorted from the PBMCs according to

their flow cytometric profile CD4+CD3+CD25+CD49d-CD127-

and were analyzed with next generation sequencing. Results:

We have found that on baseline there is a clear difference in

Tregs from asthmatics compared to healthy individuals. Tregs

from asthmatics show a more Th2 type profile with increased

expression of IL13, IL4, IL5, PTGDR2 and reduced FOXP3. Three

days after intranasal infection with RV16 in both asthmatics and

healthy individuals an antiviral response is induced in T regulatory

cells, including upregulation of MX1, STAT1, IFI44L, IRF7/9, OAS3.

In healthy individuals there is an additional upregulation of FOS

and JUN, and the suppressor molecule SOCS3, while this was not

altered or even down regulated in asthmatics. Furthermore, in

healthy individuals CCL5 was downregulated, while unchanged in

asthmatics.

Conclusion: Tregs from healthy and asthmatic individuals show

an anti-viral response after RV infection. However there are clear

differences between healthy and asthmatic individuals, upon

baseline and in response to rhinovirus infection. These differences

in response might affect Treg functions, level of inflammation,

chronicity and viral clearance. These data suggest that Treg

functions might be altered or impaired during HRV infections,

which may contribute to asthma exacerbations.

POSTER 12

Effects of an inpatient treatment at the

Hochgebirgsklinik Davos located on 1600m

above sea level on patients with chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease

Kraus Leonie1, Bieber Thomas2, Duchna Hans-Werner1

1 Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Davos, Switzerland

2 Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Introduction: Rehabilitation therapy plays an important role in

the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The benefit of climate therapy in high altitude in these patients

is a matter of controversy in literature. Therefore, the impact of

the combination of multimodal rehabilitation and Davos̀ climatic

conditions on patients with COPD were investigated in the

present study.

Methods: In a prospective observational study 49 subjects

were examined at baseline and at the end of their inpatient

stay at the Hochgebirgsklinik Davos. Means of the analysis were

a carefully structured anamnesis, pulmonary function test,

performance test and a validated disease-specific subjective

COPD assessment test (CAT).

Results: During the inpatient rehabilitative treatment with an

average duration of 16.45 days the results of the CAT improved

significantly from 20.15 to 15.54 points (p=0.006). In pulmonary

function, the following parameters changed significantly: FEV1

increased from 1.35L to 1.39 L. (p=0.011), VC from 2.61L to 2.70

L (p=0.004) and PEF from 3.45 L/second to 3.93 L/second

(p=0.002). RV reduced significantly from 211.53% to 194.32%

(p=0.046). Physical performance measured in ergometry improved

significantly from 35.83 W to 48.75 W (p=0.007) as well as the

distance in the 6-min walk test, which rose from 303.64 m to

331.90 m (p=0.009).

Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate that patients

with COPD clearly benefit from an inpatient rehabilitation at the

Hochgebirgsklinik Davos. Essential parameters of lung function


and physical performance improved as well as the subjective

state of health. The strongest effect, respectively the greatest

clinical significance appeared in physical performance and CAT. It

is remarkable that COPD patients benefit from the combination

of mountain climate and multimodal rehabilitation despite the

limited reversibility of their bronchial obstruction and the altered

oxygen conditions of altitude.

POSTER 13

A cross-sectional study on the relationship

between cardiorespiratory fitness, disease

severity and walking speed in persons with

Multiple Sclerosis.

Madsen Taul Laurits1, Dalgas Ulrik1, Hvid Lars1, Bansi Jens2

1 Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

2 Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Department, Valens Rehabilitation Center,

Valens, Switzerland

Background: In persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) lower

cardiorespiratory fitness has been associated with disease

severity, walking capacity and comorbidities. However, current

evidence is of moderate quality and a large-scale single-

center study is needed to further elucidate these relationships.

Objective: The purpose of the study was 1) to examine the

relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and disease

severity in PwMS; 2) to investigate the relationship between

cardiorespiratory fitness and walking speed; and 3) to examine

the potential impact of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease type on

these relationships. Methods: Data was collected from a database

consisting of data from 700 inpatients at Valens Rehabilitation

Center, Switzerland. VO2peak (cardiorespiratory fitness),

information on disease course and MS type, walking performance,

comorbidities and anthropometric was eligible from 242 PwMS.

Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness and Expanded Disability Status

Scale (EDSS) was inversely related (r= -.465, p<.01). A multiple

linear regression analysis showed that an increase of 1 point on

the EDSS score was associated with a decrease of 1.88 mL•Kg-

1•min-1 and explained 36 % of the variance, when adjusted for

time since diagnosis, gender, age, and phenotype of MS.

Walking speed and cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly

correlated (r= .584, p<.01) and the relapse remitting MS (RRMS)

group (1.12 ± 0.42 m/s) walked significantly faster than the

secondary progressive MS (SPMS) group (0.91 ± 0.37 m/s) p<.05,

but the difference was non-significant when adjusted for age,

p=.429. Conclusion: In PwMS a significant relationship between

cardiorespiratory fitness and disease severity was confirmed, and

an increase of 1 EDDS point decreases cardiorespiratory fitness

by 1.88 mL•Kg-1•min-1. Furthermore, cardiorespiratory fitness was

related to walking speed, and for both EDSS and walking speed

MS phenotype was of influence.

POSTER 14

Electrical impedance measurements for

the assessment of skin epithelial barrier

defects

Rinaldi Arturo O.1/2, Morita Hideaki1/2, Wawrzyniak Paulina1/2,

Dreher Anita1/2, Akdis Cezmi A.1/2



Allergic disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma and rhinitis,

have been associated with an impaired epithelial barrier function.

Defects in epithelial barriers, mainly because of disruptions of

tight junctions in skin and mucosas or reduced expression of

filaggrin in the skin, allow allergens, pollutants or microbes, to

enter the tissue and activate a chronic immune response. The

aim of this study is to develop a method to assess the epithelial

barrier function in vivo by electrical impedance (EI) spectroscopy,

a promising technique for the characterization of epithelial

tissues. After transmitting a harmless electrical signal through

the skin, electrical impedance is measured, which is influenced

by several cellular properties. In order to validate this technique,

epithelial barrier of C57BL/6 mice was damaged by epicutaneous

application of several doses of different proteases, such as trypsin

and papain, and EI and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were

measured after 1, 3, 5, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Only 1 hour after

the papain treatment, a dose-dependent reduction of EI was

detected, reflecting the decreased epithelial barrier function.

Simultaneously, an increase of TEWL was observed, showing

a significant negative correlation with EI, demonstrating that

changes in EI were directly linked to barrier defects. Twenty-four

hours after the treatment, EI showed a tendency to increase,

suggesting tissue healing and restoration of the epithelial barrier.

In addition, barrier disruption was confirmed by histological

analysis with an impaired stratum corneum and higher cellular

infiltration after papain application. In addition, qPCR and

immunofluorescence staining showed downregulation of occludin

and claudin-1, as well as of filaggrin and other molecules involved

in the barrier function. Same results were seen after treatment

with other proteases. These results suggest that EI spectroscopy

is a good candidate as an in vivo diagnostic method to determine

skin barrier defects.

POSTER 15

Mechanisms of immune tolerance to

food allergens

Satitsuksanoa Pattraporn, van de Veen Willem, Akdis Mübeccel

Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland

Background: The prevalence of food allergy is an increasing public

health concern effecting millions of people worldwide. Up to 8%

of children in the U.S.A is food allergic and the frequency of cow’s

milk allergy estimated from 0.5 to 7.5% in westernized countries.

The allergen specific B cells may play a role in the induction of

allergen tolerance. This study examines the role of B cells in food

allergy, particularly, cow’s milk allergens. The cow’s milk allergen,

αS1-casein specific B cells will be purified from allergic and


healthy individuals and their immunoglobulins and cytokines

productions will be measured.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from highly

sensitized αS1-casein donors were isolated by density gradient

centrifugation. αS1-casein specific B cells were identified and

purified using dual-color staining with fluorescently labeled αS1-

casein allergen by flow cytometry. The immortalization of αS1-

casein specific B cells were performed by the transduction with a

retroviral vector containing GFP, BCL6 and BclxL and co-cultured

with CD40L-cells and IL-21. Specific and total IgE, IgG1, IgG4

antibodies and the production of cytokines IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-g

from plasma as well as culture supernatants of immortalized αS1-

casein-specific B cells were measured by ELISA.

Results: The αS1-casein-specific B cells were successfully

identified and immortalized. The enrichment procedure was

performed by re-purifying the immortalized αS1-casein-specific

B cells. They were separated into αS1-casein specific B and

non-specific B cells. Specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 production from

culture supernatants of αS1-casein positive B cells increased

when compared to αS1-casein negative cells. They respond to

allergen specific stimulation by increased cytokines production.

Conclusions: This study is mainly focused on the characterization

of allergen-specific B cells in cow’s milk allergen. Interestingly,

αS1-casein specific B cells showed the increased level of specific

IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 as well as the cytokines profiles from healthy

and sensitized individuals. These interesting findings needed

to be further investigating to understand the mechanisms of

immune tolerance to food allergens in allergic patients.

POSTER 16

Thermal therapy in patients suffering

from non-specific chronic low back pain –

a systematic review

Stoop Rahel1, Wittenwiler Selina1, Hohenauer Erich1/2/3,

Clijsen Ron1/2/3

1 Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, Rehabilitation Research

Laboratory 2rLab, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland,

Landquart, Switzerland


3 Department of Movement and Sport Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium

Introduction: Thermal therapy is frequently used as an adjunct

to treatment in patients suffering from chronic low back pain.

This review aims to update the evidence for thermal therapy

treatments in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and to

rate the methodological quality of the corresponding clinical trials.

Methods: An electronic search on MEDLINE (PubMed), PEDro,

CENTRAL and CINHAL databases was conducted between May

2016 and February 2018. The a priori set inclusion criteria were: 1)

RCT, CCT, CT, 2) English full-text availability, 3) participants of 18

years or older diagnosed with non-specific chronic low back pain,

4) control intervention of any treatment including placebo/sham

without thermal therapy, 5) outcome parameters comprising

pain ratings and/or physical function and/or global health. The

methodological quality was assessed using the 11-item PEDro

scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool.

Results: After screening the articles found (n = 164), a total of n = 9

articles was included in the final data analysis. All of them applied

an electrophysical agent as the thermal treatment: continuous

ultrasound (n = 6), short-wave diathermy (n = 2), microwave

diathermy (n = 1). Out of the n = 6 studies on ultrasound

treatment, n = 2 reported significant within and between-group

results for pain reduction after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment. Both

short-wave diathermy studies demonstrated significant between-

group results for pain reduction after 3 weeks of treatment.

Contradictory results for all other observed outcome parameters

were reported regardless the intervention treatments. The mean

total PEDro score (6.7/10) was in line with the Risk of Bias results.

Conclusion: Although the effect of thermal therapy has been

described in literature, as applied by means of electrophysical

agents, the authors conclude that there is only marginal evidence

to support its application in patients with non-specific chronic

low back pain.References:

Allen, R.J. (2006), PMID: 16616270

Garbi et al. (2014), PMID: 25296139

Qaseem et al. (2017), PMID: 29204616

POSTER 17

The influence of microbial-derived

metabolites on bone health

Wallimann Alexandra1/2, Thompson Keith1, O’Mahony Liam2,

Moriarty T. Fintan1



The human gut microbiome is known to play a crucial role

in health, while dysbiosis is associated with many chronic

inflammatory diseases. In recent years, a growing number

of publications suggest that the gut microbiome might also

influence bone health. However, the interactions between the

microbiome and the host are complex and not fully understood.

Metabolites produced by the gut microbiome might be important

mediators in this interaction. In particular, short-chain-fatty

acids (SCFAs), which are generated by bacterial fermentation

of dietary fibres, are one important class of metabolites. In

addition to the known SCFAs effects on metabolism and

immune responses, the goal of our study was to examine the

influence of SCFAs on osteoclastogenesis. We investigated the

effect of acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate on osteoclast

formation using murine bone marrow-derived precursor cells. By

means of TRAP staining, a marker for osteoclasts, we quantified

osteoclastogenesis and showed that butyrate and valerate were

the most potent inhibitors of osteoclast formation. In conclusion,

SCFAs, especially butyrate and valerate are interesting tools to

probe the mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis and may even

represent a novel prospective therapeutic approach to prevent

bone loss.


POSTER 18

Migration of mesenchymal stem cells into

degenerative intervertebral discs

Wangler Sebastian1/2, Peroglio Marianna1, Li Zhen1,

Menzel Ursula1, Benneker Lorin M.3, Richards R. Geoff1,

Alini Mauro1, Grad Sibylle1


2 Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland

3 Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland

Introduction: The repair capacity of a traumatic or degenerative

intervertebral disc (IVD) is very low which is causing chronic

low back pain. Attraction of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a

potential mechanism for in situ regeneration and might present a

novel treatment strategy. The present project aims to characterize

the MSCs which are migrating into a degenerative IVD.

Methods: MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow. IVDs

from bovine tails were loaded in a whole organ culture bioreactor

to simulate a degenerated IVD. The culture medium was collected

as «conditioned medium», containing the signaling proteins

released by the IVDs.

(1) In vitro experiment: MSCs were separated in subpopulations

containing or not the surface protein CD146. The sorted

subpopulations were placed on a membrane. Conditioned

medium was put under membrane in order to attract the

cells. After 16 h, the number of migrated cells was counted by

automated cell counter.

(2) IVD culture experiment: CD146+ and CD146- sorted MSCs

were labeled with red and green fluorescent dyes, respectively.

Each population was placed on a separate degenerative bovine

IVD. After 5 days, IVDs were fixed, cut in sagittal sections, and the

number of migrated cells was counted by fluorescence microscopy.

Results: (1) The proportion of MSCs migrating towards disc

conditioned medium was significantly higher for CD146+ (22.5 %

migrated cells) compared to CD146- (15.7 % migrated cells; p<0.01)

sorted MSCs. (2) The organ culture experiment confirmed that

CD146+ MSCs had a superior migration potential toward induced-

degenerative disc tissue (179.6±29.6 cells/cm2) when compared

to CD146- MSCs (99.2±4.3 cells/cm2) (Fig. 1).

Conclusion: CD146 positive MSCs showed a superior migration

potential compared to CD146 negative MSCs both in vitro and in

whole organ culture. Further studies will assess if the enhanced

expression of CD146 is associated with an increased regenerative

potential of this sub-population.


POSTER 19

Continuous all-sky cloud measurements

in Davos: a cloud fraction analysis

Aebi Christine1/2, Gröbner Julian1, Kämpfer Niklaus2


Davos, Switzerland

2 Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research and Institute of Applied Physics,

University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Clouds absorb, scatter and emit radiation and have thus an

influence on the magnitude and on the distribution of solar and

terrestrial radiation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC) states that clouds in general and aerosol-cloud

interactions in particular generate considerable uncertainty in

climate predictions and climate models. To quantify the influence

of clouds on the surface radiation budget and the climate system,

more accurate and higher resolved measurements are needed.

The thermal infrared cloud camera (IRCCAM) is a prototype

instrument that has been developed and tested at Physikalisch-

Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center

(PMOD/WRC) in Davos. It determines cloud fraction continuously

during day and nighttime with high temporal resolution. The

fractional cloud coverage retrieved from the IRCCAM is compared

with the cloud fraction obtained by two other commercial cameras

sensitive in the visible spectrum (Mobotix Q24M and Schreder

VIS-J1006) as well as with the automated partial cloud amount

detection algorithm (APCADA) using pyrgeometer data.

In the current study, the cloud fraction retrieved from the different

instruments in Davos is analysed and compared over a time

period of two years. The IRCCAM shows median difference values

of 0.01 to 0.07 cloud fraction wherein around 90 % of the data are

within ±0.25 (±2 oktas) cloud fraction in comparison to the visible

cloud detection algorithms. Therefore, there is no significant

difference in the obtained cloud fraction from the IRCCAM in

comparison to the cloud fraction retrieved from other state-of-

the-art instruments. The cloud fraction analysis has also been

performed for different seasons, day- and nighttime and for six

cloud classes separately.

POSTER 20

Photogrammetric snow depth mapping:

evaluation of different platforms

and sensors

Eberhard Lucie, Stoffel Andreas, Kenner Robert, Bühler YvesWSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

Spatially continuous snow depth data are necessary for different

applications in the alpine environment such as detecting potential

snow avalanche release zones, flood forecasting, optimization

of hydropower production and monitoring of sensitive alpine

ecosystems in a changing climate. Until today, snow depth data

are mostly estimated based on point measurements, either

collected manually or at automated weather stations. New

and easy-to-use photogrammetric technologies to map the

snow depth distribution spatially continuous over larger areas

are rapidly evolving. Especially the development in the field

of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) allows us to fly UAS with

a long flight time, improved cameras with 20MP and 1.0-inch

CMOS sensors but also at an affordable price and reasonable

expenditure of time. This makes photogrammetric snow depth

mapping very suitable for future applications. However, the

specific strengths and weaknesses as well as the performance

considering accuracy on homogeneous snow surfaces are not yet

sufficiently investigated.

Therefore, we tested different photogrammetric platforms and

sensors for snow depth mapping in the high alpine Dischma

valley, Davos (Switzerland) during winter season 2017-2018. We

defined a 4 km2 area with different aspects, elevations and

slope angles that is not much disturbed by ski touring tracks

to have a highly diverse snow surface for mapping snow depth

distributions. An extraordinarily snow rich winter with only a

few fix features, e.g. rocks, sticking out of the snow challenged

the data referencing. We mapped the area ground-based with a

digital consumer camera, air-borne with an UAS, an airplane and

from space with satellites. For validation of the results we apply

terrestrial laser scanning and manual measurements as well as

measurements snow stakes. We demonstrate the performance of

the different sensors and platforms and discuss the advantages

and disadvantages for operational, spatially continuous snow

depth mapping in high alpine terrain over large areas.

POSTER 21

NLTE calculations of the solar spectrum

with cross-influence of solar atmospheric

structures

Guerreiro Nuno, Schmutz WernerPhysikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland

The solar atmosphere is highly inhomogeneous and shows a

great variety of structures with different intensities, independently

of the phase of the magnetic cycle. Usually, the calculation

of the quiet solar spectrum is performed using a simplified

structure supposedly representing the average properties of the

atmosphere. This can be done by taking the average intensity

of the quiet sun features and deriving the properties for an

atmosphere showing such an intensity. This is generally achieved

by summing the contribution for many 1-D structures from the

quiet Sun and active regions weighted by their respective surface

coverage of the solar surface. This yields very good results but

POSTER PRESENTATIONS POSTERS 19–26: Natural and Technical Sciences

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 10.15–11.00


some discrepancies remain after close inspection. In order to

better understand the discrepancies we develop a 1-D technic

that cross influence the contributions from several 1-D structures

and study the implications of this to the calculation of the solar

spectrum.

POSTER 22

Aptamer-based assay for electrochemical

detection of aflatoxins on a smartphone

Jafari Safiye1, Migliorelli Davide1, Sturla Shana J.2,

McKeague Maureen2, Generelli Silvia1

1 CSEM SA, Landquart, Switzerland

2 Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Health Science and Technology,

ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Aflatoxins are natural contaminants which can be found in many

food and feed products. The most toxic types of aflatoxins

in food samples are aflatoxins B1 and M1 present in cereals

and milk respectively. These carcinogen toxins are stable and

heterogeneous compounds which, when present, cannot be

eliminated completely. Therefore, they should be managed by

strict food safety monitoring. The current testing processes are

inefficient, expensive and ineffective, unable to prevent fraud

and to assure consumers safety. As an innovative solution, the

H2020 Marie-Curie project FoodSmartphone proposes the

development of a new generation of smartphone-based food

analyzers for simple, rapid and on site detection of aflatoxins.

In this work, the aptamer probe has been used as a novel

biorecognition element which binds to the target analyte with

high selectivity and specificity. The aptamer probe is labelled

with carboxyl/amino group at one end to be immobilized on the

electrode surface and with a redox indicator (methylene blue)

at the other end to generate a redox signal. The specific binding

of the aptamer to the target analyte involves a conformational

change in the aptamer structure which results in methylene blue

redox signal enhancement. In order to apply this aptasensing

principle to screen aflatoxins B1 and M1 in real samples, the

automated microfluidic sample preparation strategies will be

investigated and the miniaturization of the final prototype will be

taken into consideration. The integration of the aptasensor into

a smartphone will be accomplished either by USB connector or

Bluetooth and the software will be designed to give the users

both quantitative results which is the amount of the aflatoxin in

the sample and qualitative results which could be the traffic light

(green, yellow, red) indication of the sample contamination level.

POSTER 23

Time series analysis of the landscape

changes in debris flows area, Val Mingèr

Simonin Vincent, Lopez-Saez Jérôme,

Ballesteros-Cánovas Juan Antonio, Stoffel MarkusInstitute for Environmental Sciences, Climate Change Impacts and Risks

in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Debris flow are a type of mass movements consisting of a viscous

flow of sediments, wood and a variable amount of water, which

usually propagates in torrential catchments and sometimes at

very high speed. Debris flows are usually triggered by heavy

rainfall events, and can cause substantial damage on people and

their infrastructures (roads, houses, buildings).

The steep, undisturbed sedimentary bodies below the summit of

Piz dals Cotschens in the Val Mingèr

(Swiss National Park are susceptible to the initiation of debris

flows. As process activity is undisturbed by human activities,

the processes occurring at this site can be studied under natural

conditions. In this study, we document and quantify two debris-

flow events that occurred in summers 2015 and 2017, as a result of

intense, localized precipitation events.

The main objective of this study is to have a better understanding

about the process dynamics of debris flows, their behaviour, their

trigger in factors, the impact they have on the landscape, and

their possible consequences. By using remote sensing and the

analysis of drone imagery, LiDAR and aerial photos, we will aim to

provide answers to whether the recent events are extreme in the

longer-term perspective, and whether the apparent increase in

activity can be linked to climate change.

This work will provide a time series analysis from 1970 to 2017

about the landscape evolution and the changes in the channel

and depositional cone with aerial photos and changes in the

elevation (erosion or accumulation) of the channel bed with

topographic surveys. These analyses are made by GIS and they

could be complemented with additional sources of information

like rainfall data, debris-flow modelling, and dendrochronology

(tree-ring analyses).

POSTER 24

Modeling of the aerosol cloud after

Pinatubo using Aerosol-Chemistry-Climate

Models

Sukhodolov Timofei1/2, Feinberg Aryeh2, Luo Beiping2,

Peter Thomas2, Rozanov Eugene1/2


Davos, Switzerland

2 Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science,

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Volcanic activity is one of the major natural climate forcings and

can affect the Earth system in many ways. Proper information

about the distribution and evolution of the stratospheric sulfate

after big eruptions is crucial for characterization and understan-

ding of numerous inherent feedbacks. Here, we evaluate how two

generations of the coupled aerosol-chemistry-climate model

SOCOL (SOCOL-AER and SOCOLv4) represent the influence

of the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on stratospheric aerosol

loading, aerosol microphysical processes, radiative effects, and

atmospheric chemistry. One of the advantages of SOCOL is the

comprehensive aerosol module that includes full sulfur chemis-

try and microphysics, in which the particle size distribution is

represented by 40 size bins spanning radii from 0.39 nm to 3.2

μm. Radiative forcing is computed online using aerosol optical

properties calculated according to Mie theory. SOCOL simulations

are compared with satellite and in situ measurements of aerosol

parameters, temperature reanalyses, and ozone observations.

In addition to the reference model configuration, we performed

a series of sensitivity experiments looking at different processes

affecting the aerosol layer.


POSTER 25

Local assessments of the avalanche

danger level: a reliable data-source to

evaluate a regional forecast?

Techel Frank, Schweizer JürgWSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

In day-to-day public avalanche forecasting, the review of the

past forecast is the starting point in the process of preparing the

forecast for the following day. The regional avalanche danger

level, summarizing avalanche conditions according to the ordinal,

five-level European Avalanche Danger Scale, is one of the

elements to be reviewed. High quality field observations reported

by specifically trained observers are of particular relevance for

forecast verification, as they often provide information directly

related to snow instability. Together with their observations,

observers may provide local danger level estimates (nowcasts) – a

condensed, but subjective summary of encountered avalanche

conditions. We explored their reliability and usefulness for

forecast evaluation. More specifically, we analyzed the variability

in local danger level estimates between observers in the same

region and explored the bias between different groups of

observers (e.g. mountain guides or study plot observers in the

valley floor). We therefore examined close to 10,000 local danger

level estimates reported by more than 100 trained observers to

the national forecasting service in Switzerland. Even at distances

less than about 10 km, observers disagreed in their local estimate

22% of the time. Considering all local estimates individually,

and comparing them with the regional forecast, showed a hit

rate (same danger level) of 76%. Furthermore, the comparison

with the forecast indicates an over-forecasting bias, with the

forecast danger level being significantly more often higher than

local estimates. However, both the hit rate and the bias varied

considerably between individual observers, but partly also among

typical groups of observers. We conclude that despite local

nowcasts only reflecting local rather than regional conditions,

and them likely being influenced by the observers’ personal

experience and the ease of perceiving the hazard, they can be

used for forecast verification. However, substantial uncertainty

remains and the “true” avalanche danger level remains unknown.

POSTER 26

Automated avalanche release area

delineation for regional scale hazard

indication mapping

von Rickenbach Daniel1/2, Bühler Yves1, Harvey Stephan1,

Stoffel Andreas1, Huggel Christian2

1 WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

2 Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

Snow avalanche hazard is threatening people and infrastructure

in many alpine regions. Coping with this hazard is a big challenge

and over time, different strategies have been developed. These

range from spatial planning up to constructional measures.

Today, in Switzerland, experienced avalanche engineers produce

hazard maps for selected settlement areas with a very high

reliability. However, for regions outside the selected settlement

areas such reliable hazard maps are not available. Therefore,

hazard indication maps, even though they are less reliable and

less detailed, are often the only spatial planning tool available. To

produce meaningful avalanche hazard indication maps over large

regions, automated release area delineation has to be combined

with release volume estimations and state-of-the-art numerical

avalanche simulations. Thus, the first decisive step into this

direction is the accurate automated identification of potential

release areas.

In the past, different algorithms have been developed to identify

potential snow avalanche release areas (PRA) mainly based on

terrain specific parameters. So far, these algorithms to identify

PRA have never been compared and tested against a large

reference dataset of observed and carefully mapped avalanche

release areas.

For this, reason we validate existing PRA delineation algorithms

that are based on terrain specific parameters. For validation,

we apply avalanche cadastre data from three different ski

resorts in the vicinity of Davos, Switzerland, where experienced

ski-patrol staff mapped most avalanches in detail since many

years. After calculating the best fit input parameters for every

tested algorithm, we compare their performance based on the

reference datasets. Because all tested algorithms do not provide

meaningful delineation between individual potential release areas

(PRA), we propose a new algorithm based on object-based image

analysis (OBIA). This approach opens the door for regional scale

avalanche hazard indication mapping in all regions where high

quality digital terrain models are available.


2016Oliver GardnerThe regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis

through multiaxial load

AO Research Institute Davos / Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Martina GlückInduction of osteogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal

stem cells by crosstalk with osteoblasts

AO Research Institute Davos / University of Freiburg, Germany

Michael GötzenImplant augmentation in osteoporotic fracture management and

the effect on the overlying joint cartilage

AO Research Institute Davos / University of Innsbruck, Austria

Bernhard MatterLernen in heterogenen Lerngruppen –

Erprobung und Evaluation eines Konzepts für den

jahrgangsgemischten Mathematikunterricht

Pädagogische Hochschule Graubünden, Chur / University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

Prisca RothGemeindebildung im spätmittelalterlichen Bergell

Pädagogische Hochschule Graubünden & Institut für Kulturforschung Graubünden, Chur /

University of Zurich

Clemens Oliver SchopperBiomechanical evaluation of the femoral neck fracture fixation

technique with the new implant FNS in comparison to DHS Blade,

DHS Screw with antirotation screw and Three Cannulated Screws

AO Research Institute Davos / University of Ulm, Germany

Christoph SprecherFunktionelle und altersbezogene Anpassung des Knochengewe-

bes an Implantate aus künstlichen Werkstoffen – Analyse von

verschiedenen Anwendungen an Tier und Mensch

AO Research Institute Davos / LMU Munich, Germany

Cesar Vera ValerioModelling the wet snow avalanches with thermal effects,

snowcover entrainment and lubricated sliding

WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Davos / ETH Zurich

2017Karin FietenComplex care for complex eczema in children

Dutch Asthma Center, Davos / Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Herman FrimaEnd cap versus no end cap in intramedullary nailing for displaced

midshaft clavicle fractures: influence on implant-related irritation

Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur / University of Bern

Fabian GielingDoes the sorting of mesenchymal stem cells based on their

Runx2/Sox9 expression ratio improve bone healing in calvarial

defects in rats?

AO Research Institute Davos / University of Zurich

Robert KennerGenesis, conservation and deformation of ice-rich mountain

permafrost: Driving factors, mapping and geodetic monitoring

WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Davos / Technische Universität Dresden, Germany

Anselm KöhlerHigh resolution radar imaging of snow avalanches

WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Davos / University of Durham, United Kingdom

Quirine KrolUpscaling the evolution of snow microstructure: From 4D image

analysis to rigorous models

WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Davos / EPF Lausanne

Aino KulonenFaster, taller, more - patterns and drivers of floristic change on

European mountain summits

WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, Davos / University of Bergen, Norway

David MüllerA novel multi-stage analytical procedure for the analysis

of engineered nanoparticles in complex matrices

CSEM SA, Landquart / ETH Zurich

Anna OberbergerPlattform Adipositas: 5-Jahres Katamnese nach konservativer

Therapieempfehlung oder Abbruch des Diagnostikpfades und

Identifikation psychosozialer Variablen für den Gewichtsverlauf

Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur / University of Tübingen, Germany

DISSERTATIONS completed at member institutions of Academia Raetica 2016–2018


Sabine RumpfClimate-driven dynamics in Alpine vegetation

Swiss National Park, Zernez / University of Vienna, Austria

Marina Sabaté BrescóRole of Implant Stability and Local Inflammatory Responses on

the Development and Progression of Infection Associated with

Internal Fixation Devices

AO Research Institute Davos / University of Zurich

Stephan SimioniThe Effects of Explosions on Snow


Ana-Maria StanciucIn vitro evaluation of cell-material interactions on bioinert ceramics

with novel surface modifications for enhanced osseointergration

AO Research Institute Davos / INSA Lyon, France

Rinat TagirovPhysical understanding of the solar irradiance at radio frequencies

Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center / ETH Zurich

Paulina WawrzyniakThe role of Th2 cells, cytokines IL-4, IL-13 and histone

deacetylases in bronchial epithelial cells

Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF, Davos / Medical University of Bialostok, Poland

Hanna WellauerZurich Ankle Hybrid Orthesis

Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur / University of Zurich

Mareike WieseTime-lapse tomography of mass fluxes and microstructural

changes in snow


Alexandra ZauggUmgang mit Mehrsprachigkeit im Kindergarten

Pädagogische Hochschule Graubünden, Chur / Université de Fribourg

2018Can AltunbulakliMicrobiome and Transcriptome Interactions in Epithelial

Tissues in the Context of Allergic Dieseases

Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF, Davos / University of Zurich

Weronika BarcikMicrobiota-Derived Histamine - Relevance to Mucosal Immune

Homeostasis


Achille CapelliAcoustic emissions during snow failure


Philip CrivelliIntermittency of drifting snow


Laura Decurtins RossetChantai rumantsch! Zur musikalischen Selbst(er)findung

Romanischbündens

Institut für Kulturforschung Graubünden, Chur / University of Zurich

Franziska GerberFrom the clouds to the ground - Effects of flow-precipitation

interactions on snow distribution in complex alpine terrain


Anna GłobinskaThe immune response to viral infection in nasal epithelial cells

from patients with allergic rhinitis

Swiss Institute of Asthma and Allergy Research SIAF, Davos / Medical University of Lodz, Poland

Matthias HeckNear-real time analysis of seismic avalanche signals


Dalila PettaDevelopment of Hyaluronic Acid Derivatives for Applications in

Biomedical Engineering

AO Research Institute Davos / University of Twente, The Netherlands

Sebastian SchlöglInvestigation of snow melt dynamics and boundary layer

processes over a melting snow surface


Christian SommerHow do wind slabs form in snow?


Oliver WirzThe Influence of Respiratory Viruses on B lymphocytes


Sebastian WürzerSnowpack runoff formation processes during rain-on-snow events



ACCESS AND PARKINGWalk: Use the entrance «Promenade Nord» on the

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Platz. Approach from Davos Dorf: Take the one-way road

«Promenade», turn left onto «Kurgartenstrasse». Drive along

«Kurgartenstrasse» until the end, turn left onto «Talstrasse»

– the Congress Centre is on the left hand side in about 300

meters. To reach the entrance «Promenade Nord» from the car

park at «Talstrasse» walk through the passage located next to

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CONFERENCE DINNERAmeron Hotel, Scalettastrasse 22, Davos Platz. The hotel is a

five-minute walk away from the Congress Centre Davos. When

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Take the first left onto «Richtstattweg». On «Richtstattweg»

take the first right onto «Scalettastrasse».

CONGRESS COORDINATORDaniela Heinen, phone +41 81 410 60 80

CONFERENCE WEBSITEwww.graduateschool.ch/grforscht2018

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CK-CARE ist bestrebt, generiertes und wissenschaftlich gesichertesWissen aus Forschung und Lehre weiterzugeben und die Kompetenzund Leistungsfähigkeit der Ärzte verschiedener Fachrichtungen wieauch anderer massgebender Leistungserbringer zu fördern.

Trotz grosser Anstrengungen von Universitäten, Fachgesellschaftenund Ärzteverbänden besteht nach wie vor ein grosser Bedarf, neuerworbenes Wissen, Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten im praktischenAlltag zum Wohle von Allergiebetroffenen umzusetzen.

CK-CARE ist eine Plattform der Begegnung, des aktiven Lernens unddes Erfahrungsaustauschs mit dem Ziel einer besseren Patienten-versorgung und Prävention.

MASTERING ALLERGIES – CHANGING PATIENTS' LIVES

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Documents

6TH CONFERENCE GRAUBÜNDEN FORSCHT «THE YOUNG … · 2018. 9. 3. · Poster 4 The effect of pre-exercise cooling on performance characteristics: A systemativ review and meta-analysis