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A STUDY OP SOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LEVEL OF
SELF-CONCEPT, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
AND CLASSROOM ADJUSTMENT
APPROVED:
Graduate Committee:
Ma jor/Professor
Minor Professor
frittee Member si / j
Committee Member
iLhrHk^; Dean of the School of Education
Dean of the Graduate School
A SfSBT or £«as BSUTXQJlSlXfB BXfWXXV LSVIL OP
•Xlf-COWX!*, AGADKM1C A0SXXTOOBT
A»D CLASSROOM ABJBSfMIIff
DISSERTATION
Pr»s«mt«d to thm G?«4u*t* Counoil of tfc*
ifortfe T«x«« itut® dollif* is Partial
Fulfillment #f t&« R»quir#B*at«
For the $•£»•• of
9@@f9S 0* 1&96ATX0M
By
Th«lma M«n R«#d«r, 1. A., It* A.
iMta, ttm
August, *955
TABLE OF COHTEHTS
fist# LIST OF TABLES . . . Iv
Qftpttr
2« IITTEGD0CTIG8 . 1
The Stateaeat of the Problea Purpose of tli» Study Mrnltmti&sm of tfeo Preblea • « « « m aa4 Availability of Data Prooedure# and Treataent of Sata ftofiatttoa of Tors*
H i TBSOBSTIOAZ. BA0XGRO5I© OF PIRSOIIALXTT MEASUREMENT 27
Problem Fortaiaia* to tlio Xadivlduel Probleas Portalaiaf to Group lelatioae Iaatruaeata Uaed for fvrioMli^r
Evaluation The Developaent of the Self-Concept
*0 a X»»«wr« of the Fmoatlity Other 8t«4U« Related to tfcia Problea
III. BS8K.TS OF FtSUXXKABY fl TUBUS . 79
Study ia Aubrey, Toxaa Study la Honolulu, Havail
If. THE SSLF-C08CIPT AS RELATED TO CI«ASS8001I APJIBtMMXT 102
Preparatioa of a Self-Rating Scale Procedures ia Testing Preparation of Stta oa WtOmrt*r Problems Seleetion of Matched Oroapa Statistical Treataent of Jfeta
V. SUMMARY AND eO*Cl,«SI©liS . 135
APFSKDXX . . . 150
SmiO^tAPH 199
ill
imt OF M M
Appisllz A
Ml* »»fi
1. fnl«y of lojoots and ItolttM, 91*trtlii«l 17 finlM U tto ftaiy 3.5®
II. I.Q. Slffcroaooo of Group# of Sigli and tor Sooioaotrlo 8tst«i» ©roioo Six through f m 9 Aubr«y Study . lit
!!I. X.Q. M f f « m M » of Groups *ft& Hlgb oat Low Pere«ntila Sooroo on g&llfogat* toot fill ?#yt03»lity * . 139
IT. Botvooa Group Biffo*oaooo oa t&o Colifoysio f W % fit Porooaolity 34®
T. Categ-oriaa fooi for Bofcrrior Sampling is
fkroo irtu . . . . . . . . . . . 1W
ft. Sontoaeo Completion foot, I 163
TXX. Soatoaoo evuUtioa foot# II . . . . 1*4 VIII. Unstructured Xttorlol froa S«nt»noe ©oa-
plotioa foot#* fiotoforloo* Boak fey Fr»quonoy . . . . . . . . . . 163
XX. loport of gooioaotrlo Booalt* oa Cvltorloa 6I000, (U«« 1# loaolala St«l|. 1*6
I. Comparison of Erlroao troapo ©» tko -Sooto-•itfit foot . . . . . 167
XI. Co*pari»on of >por oa« Lowo* Qaortiloo oa tbo Calif«ral* foot of Forooaolity, Soaolala Study . . ~. 16t
XII. Goaporlooa of Qppor oa* lowor Qaartlloo of I.Q,. Sooroo# loaolala Sta4ty . . . . • • • 1&9
XXII. Co*pariaon of Wppor and I^wor Quariiloa on tko Callforalo foot of Porao*ollty» BittoitiiV Stacy . » • • • • » • « • • • • 17©
iv
f lUt * * •
I f f . of total **m* on the California £tt& f t . P+rgontUtJ, tfppar aai lioirirQamrtHes, ©a ®a»i« of Socioaatrie foot Ratings • • • •
XV. Compariaoa of total Adjastaoat Scoras ©a tka California tilt of Poraoaallty, Eppa:p and Lowar Qmartilaa, @8 Htli of Soeioaotrto list tatla*a • . . . . . . .
XTl. Cospariaoa of %fo* aai Lovor Quartila* la . Sooioaatrio Paroantagaa, tola* Callforala loot of Poraoaallty aa Cr i tori#i~li5t ~.
. m
172
iff XfZX, Compariaon of tfppar and Lowar Qaartilao la
itidtvMMKii «*•.*§ n«««ant| tfaiag Call-forala toot of Paraoaality aa Crltorio* *••%» lf4
mix .
XXX*
XX*
xxz.
xxxx.
xxxxx.
xxrr.
xxv.
xxvx.
I tynli i § fables Found la Twt» Chap tar X?
Paraoatagr** of Batlaga oa Ml Catagorlaa, Salf-Katle# Soala
Behavior ProHoa* *7 faUta# $a Thraa Salf-Coacapt Groupa . . . . . .
Fraquaae iaa of Soif-ioaoopt Group® lm l i s BaJurior Catagoriaa . . . . . . . . .
Fraquonaiea la Sufe-Catagorias of A£gro**i*a aad Withdratia# loliafior . • • •
Fraquanoias of Solf-Coaoapt Gro pa im Six Baharior Catagoriae, tttiofeoft (hroaya . «
larollaaat aad tMrtataf flgaro# for 81*t#o» fiftli ftrada Claoooa . . . . . . . . . .
Co»pari«oa of lasalta of ®ooio*otrla Tistii by Claaaaa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diatribution of Quartila SaaMa#* oa ftooio~ aatrlo Tutf» Matakoi <hr*»p» • • • • • •
9iitrlt«tl«i of X. Q. Iierti fo* 525 Puplla, »jr CUM#! •
196
11J
114
116
11?
Hi
120
iai
123
?«%!• *»£•
XXVXX. Variability of €1im «•»»» oa Sali-
fornia itlitvtsMi lui • • • X24
s m u . Salf-Ratiaff SaaXa, EeliaMlity Bat. . . . . 126
XXIX. QaaytlXa Scores of litflus ami I»awa la Sdlf-Concspt Groups . . . . . . . . . . . 128
XXX* MftftlratittBi of I.ft. of Siffea **4 X«vi# Poaiibl® Katohinga . . . . 130
XZXI. Iifsifl0«»«» of Blffaraaea Batvaaa llaaaa «f Itatokail Croups 1* ?#»* A m i • . . . • 1J2
lablaa Iditl In Appaadlx 1
XXXn. CorraXatioa ®f faet-Bataat oa Fowr Claasas, Salf-Eatias- ftaala . . . . . . . . . . . . Iff
XXXXII. Compariaoa of Xtfli aad I#w Saif-Coaeapt Q*©«P# oa Soeioaatria !«»•« . . . . . . Iff
XXZlf. Co*parlaoa of 8i«& aa4 low Groups ©a Callfarala Aefrlavaaaat taat, Fopra CC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lt&
XXXV. Sosspariaoa of Higrli and Lo* Solf-Concept Group* oa Callferala•AahlaTaaaat fast,' Wwm » . . . . . . . . . . . . Ill
UXT1. 0©apa:rtao» of M^i aa4 bom talf Coa-aapt -Groups m Salf-Satiaf fast • iff
vi
e m i t s * x
israoDncnoH
Tlio wNMPKBMMMit of p«rao»*lity tern too* » d i f f i c u l t
aftttor b»«au»# f t h*« fcooa »ppro*«h«a f t e a to M H
•a t thoorotioal trmmma of r»f»r»»e». Int®r«ata,
M i «ptitud«a fca** fcooa ••*su*«a, t » i t t Jure* Immmh i<«»il-
f l H i oat •ocaftftto t l * t o t a l i t y i«U«l jwrooaftllty lum
%oo» wador aerutiay froia aauty i i f f t m i >«istf «f ri«w. Bo-
h*-rior • • * aaalfostat ioa of t l« adaptation of %hm i « U l por-
soaall ty within tlto baa 1mi«b s l m f H ta« uaod
«* oao test* fo* <5® cidinff «l»t the wm% EaeJ*
of tkoaw i« « i ftfproftoli to tbo f aa t a l t of tit* yovoosallty I r
oxaaiaatloa or aoaaaroaeat of ®ao of tfeo i ^ M i t i of tfcut
paraoaality.
I t w i tfeo *oooat tlwery of PT«»oott U«k3r(5} eoaoora-
lag tko ••If-ooaeopt aad tfeo eoaa«%aoat i t v i l t p i M t of tfco
pfeo&oaoaoloffieal f ia ld tnm>Mk to tlw> atady of porooaality
%y Say** aad Coatoa(S) wbloh baa glvoa w ft ao» f*ftao of *of-
mwmm ia vkitk to ft t t e o f ; «o»t«niiai !&• ooro
of tb# y m M i l l t j . I t In eoaaid»*«d ths t otbor otooarot
ofcarootorlatlo* •*• aiaply aaaifoatatloaa of tbo quality
of tfta to t a l paraoiaality t s l , aa aucb, contain apaeifie
charaetaristica identifiable with -lluil U U l i i j . The eta It
tluii mm vi«kM t# fi»i ©aa aa* vwiiifittt* a f c w
«tii«k will 1» ••lliWMrt %h*QVkghml&
all of ft elf«rf»IX« I W U i t i M (UUt liktti*!1,
H if tiMflitl Is lki« itfiwliiisi tt«t tt» w l f -
la that eharactariatie. #a*l lo*ara(6} fcaa postu-
lated that « paraon I m « aot accept ideaa «i Tayiaaae vitfet
vkftt fee considers t# %e true ©* characteristic about lii-
••If. fkl» la eTideaeed ¥y *fci» ffttt tl»t ft eouaaelee ia
set m l j r *# aeeept therapy aad WO*JE *©* « change tmtil he
IMS reorfaalaad hla v f U l l v or aelf-ooaeept ao itei the
ehaafe ie ia tit* diraetioa #f the lBt#*aalia«d M l f ,
liaay aalf ratta* aealea a*e purported to Im aeaaarlac
the "real aelf.M Many fueatioanairea are tall tofce reflaet-
iag the dee ire f « making ft toft* iapreaaion aad th**a to '1#'"
reflecting the expected or *ftMA w l f * ft« oaa would wiah
©there to ofceer*e M m , Sattaga ly mm** paara, however, are
e f t n ftt variaaee with the peraea'e evaluatioa of hla owa ao-
«ial attaalaa aaere, or the f«tia|» which he balievas that
othera give M a . fit# theory of this atudy aad ite related
hypotheaea 1 M M fceea developed froa ill*' literature cai reeearoh
conoaraing •ftlf*aNW«ttrft*eat art it* validation agaiaat outaide
eriteria.
tea* of the literature propoaea that a p m « i toaowe M a r
••If heat. Some ef it «li» yoililfttM that fee baa a eertaia
aaeaat ftf ia«I|M LATA KLI aetaal P M U M U I «»L U M I he la
r e a l i s t i c in Mm s o l f - o f s i a s t t o i i s . . I t i o !iypotliosis«& hor»
t l « f t ttl« tmmmmik f i n i e s o a s i s t o a s y i » ft pov«o**» * o l f ~
e o a o o p t , i a feov fco is regar4»<! fey M s p « # r s , i a Itow It* p « r -
f o r a s l a t&o •e*<5«mie s i t a a t i o a , ®n<j i® w&otbor l t « %oi**
iff#* e k f t r s e t o r i s t i e s ty» t y p i o s l of ffood ## %*d *«J«»t*o*t»
j a s t i f i s f t t i o a **y fe* fn» i i s cobs i d o r i a # th# a»ft*is**itoist
©f t i i s a e l f - o o n o a p t « rop?o«*atftt£*o aa4 **tf# a«*su*« o f
t l i« t o t a l p « r s o * « l i t y .
fit«t**oat of tho FrofcUa
I t ! • p r o l i a i a i r y t o tiw roso**«Ii of t i t s ' s t u d y tkftt
•o l£ -o«aM»ft «M wfcot I t voproooAto I10 i o f i a o d sad t l » t ft
»•«*• I t l e v s i of v f t l i d f t t i a f wfcat I t p u r p o r t s t o softomro,
Looky's d * f i a i t i o a ( 5 , p . J ) « f s o l f - o o a e o p t i t *s f o l l o w s t
•f in i i a d i * i d « a i d o f i a o s f o * felasolf tfeo af t twro o f tfcot t o -
t a l i t y * M « h &• l i t t k t dyaoa i e pattora of o r g a a i s a t i o a of
•aoJi i a d i * i d « a l w i t k p a r t i c u l a r roforoaoo to t l io i d a a s sad
•ttitiidas willow a r a i u o l o a o a t o . " Laoky * o l * t o s H i t s a l f -
oomoopt to tfco p r i n o i p l a of nitjr Ijr s t a t i s t that t b o p r i a a
moo* o f ft* e * f f t a i « a i s to mimMm i t s a a a t a l o r g a n i s a t i o n
a s a n a i f i o d v t e l t ; f u r t k a r , t lui i d o a s t l i t «*o o o a s i s t o a t
v t t l i ihi p o t t o s * * of t k a a t m o t f t v o t o a d to fea * s o i * £ I f t t o « j '
i d a a s whieh «*o i a a o a s i s t a a t w i t h t&o o r f a a i s a t i o a of tfco '
porsoa's solf-ooaoopt a r # « throat sad n u s t , t k t f o f o ^ Imi
y o o i s t o d ia wior t o s t l t l i i i t l io iptaie c o n f i g u r a t i o n
whieli t h o p a r s o n t o a i i l o r i to %o kit *0*1 o o l f . Th i s p r t a -
o l p l o of t l ta o n i t y of t h o o r g a a i s a l « a l « to t h o tfcaory o f
s«Xf-eoaai8t«aey wkiek t3*#t tfco individual ten %
«»*««• ov«o»i«*tlo» of idoa# and *ititutor o*o acqnifo#
through experience and vMek control %|» ki^&est i&toXloe-
t»«l fwaotloa* and tHe %mlmvUvmt mlfofttotloao of tfeo '«*•
gsaisai. '
It i« the oeoopted LQRPTFAMMI of tli« 4i#«o*t*tioB Uit
t&o "aoloftjvotoA* ta«t « jk@o* aoIf-concept, tfcot tlioy do «ot
tiUwarv *»*« *o«lf*tio iaoifht iaio tiow tlioy atand wltti -fcttcir
Fooir ff*onp, «t# that maay of tltoi* patterns oT %#lwvlor *o*-
voooat tlio ottoapt. of til® or*a;aiaa to tofoad Itoolf of»l»»t
_ la doing- ##r behavioral olwraotoriottoo era aaaifoo-
*NB which ar# »©t ia noeordanoo witfe approved p*tt»rao ©£
1>ol»*io* aoooptofclo to te*e^«r« and children ia tfeo
foeial »ili*« «« tofSMl % tl» av«ra*a <&* u«uAi olaaerooa ia
tfe* »iddle gradas of a typioal • Aaarioac eehool. Consequently
tl»ooo «** *©t aoooptablo to Itelr paere and this fae-
to* aloao «r#«t#s »©ro lnaeourity III H 7 I staiaiftfti?« fceha-
*Soip.'is **;effort to ooiapenaat© for th« foolla** of i»*d«$tia«
oy •»« «aw©rtM»o«» and iaforfority ofelok %©*!»**« tfeo pareon
to< tfeo. poiat of liiffl* oaotioaa&ity and oaaoo a daorease 4m tfeo
tmality of iatollootaaUtatlxja. it is ia an effort t# «otor~
»*»* •&»* «oa*w»*«oa tfcft* ?ty*ot«rift*tion of poroooaUty tSmt
«fc£« reae*r«Ji haa found ito priaoipal pnrpoee and haa deter-
mined £ts methodology.
ffco w«ll~#d|ti#t*fi ponton io of t«» doftaod ao one who to
a%lo to -mmmrn M o ova affair* aad to*»©p« with M o iaily
•»vSyo»M*$ •ittiftftiorlljr, Yfem a** mm is tka
• i M U «pMNNi- who, Immmwni of fcafeavior pattajraa a»a ot>t*afw»-
ii«« of aaraaaality wfcioh do not aaJra tha® jttfilir ahoaas fcy
thalr y««rt •* a*li»f aeaoalataa, tet«a« aara aa€ mam *mt ®f
phasa" with <^tr soaial alianta ia tha mvmmge ela««*©@a.
Thtmm _ poopla axe refarrad to* in common awry-gay taraa, a*
tit* M&aijwta*. ffca a*&«*Ja*tai poswoa f@y the pavpoaa* of
tMi 8t«£y #aa %• If coHpariaon with tha pyiay 4«fl»
altloa of .a wall-aajuatad person, as «aa ah© ##•# sot wmmgQ
M * mm Attmiwa m& mpm with M s mvtvmwmt aatisfaatoirtly.
It ia the hypothaeia of this ytjMf that I* vlli aanlfast a ,
poo* ©* Unr aalf-aoaaapt is comparison vlik $li®§* who ay#
j«l|«l to ha w*Il-a4|«et«l ia tha classroom situation.
If thera ea* hs fata* soma seia&tifia tttiii l«r
-is# t&at »»lSMSJ««ta4l# usaaaaptahl® afcUUteaa jrraaaat ttetr
»t*i*i»£ «* a^graasive or witfc£*awiat hahaTlo* pa%ta*aa %*~
aaaaa af tl»if *ff«9t§ to maintain aaity £a tha ©yfaalaatioa
©f ttiif aalf-aoaasspt, it aay fc# possible to wort omt way#
of irtljkiafr th#* to lavalap iasight, t# asSayiro tharajjeatte
alt«*t£«aai aMagas ttooi^ tha group aativitioa accessible
to tha* la ihity «»wlr©ai8#at# aaA to 9aa*va«la* tfcair' feaha-
*io* pattarns la aoaordaaae fith a ao*a roellatio an4 aaaap-
tafcia aalf-aoaaapt, ffaa aaei ia aaalfasta* ia amy alaaa-
yooaa fa* auofe aa lasightfal attaelc »poa tha problems ©f the
aalaijaeta#, taytaialy a hatter mi tha itaaa
whieh children lava about theaaalwea would ha of Vila*.
6
f1m fint, pre&laa p m u i t t l fey tiiia itslr i» to adapt
aafi vaitAit* ft f M l * f«r tk* BM*v*ft*#»t of « &9x*<m *» 14***
*i&m% M m 0 i t + ~ f M * ««ftle *fts baas rariaed f*©» Brow&fftia't
galf-tatlajr IcrantoryQ) bmmnm ft $ft* fcaaa wUaly na»4 and ^
&a.» eatago;ri#a *&iek #«aa to iatlvAi »©#t ftftpftot* #f tit* to-
tal, $ar»©»«lity mw»3t&"$ *®ft«#t#i Is *#lf~;ratiaf U»i««' 1«
•*£•* to fot ft J*4$»e nt •:.amta!#• of tfea f m m group, tit# «ri-
tarla « H d fey Jl#yg«3p(l) «at JfcMvwK?) H**# feftaa and
•iloif•# lato * mating aaala mm t&at taaafcara «* ot&*? &%&**-
Y«*a aould rata € atadaat irkoa tlM>y to fea «*!£•«*•
aajtiaf «» i,«.» «M3Mt*«a witii « lii#!* t « U -
«o*«»$t fta* afelltfra* witl ft low ealf~ftoB##pt.' It 4* *1«o
i«ftiM%lft to law** okildran of t&a nt4141a gmimrn can
*«to *ft*& +tfcMr ©feJ^attToly. A U l v l *a*la, *1*« n
l i » of 'lift ***#**HR&*«*** ayitaria lias fe««a daroloya* fof
tkia purpoaa. It van plaanad to %•« tl«?«# « « ^ m to «olft«t
t*ott$* of "Itifkft8 and • U w * foar ftt*t&»* comparisons•
tfeo aaeurlag of y©li«feij.ity 4ft t* nitli tlia itrwt 4*ftft of
ilt« ##lf-a*«tfaf stftl* **• on* «t«p to %ha .mm of
tlift aolfrr-atfa#- fafttaroawat in t&* priaoipal staty. f&« a?#*!-
•ioa of t&» wooing ia tkt #ol£-mtia£ aftftla w«« ftlao »•##»-
•ayy is or4ar to %* am*# t&at flftfe grm&mrm could read ««<l
*ompT0k9a<$ tfco 6o***iptlv* itaaa.
7** axpftot®# swrelt of tli* coapariaon of tin tiara* rat-
itt|« *oti!4 l»« to 4»t»*»i»« v&ot&or ob£l€*«a t» tfc* islddla
f3»a^»a M*¥» ftoftiftl tmmight, i,tt| tfeoir 3?«tia#a of
• • I f tarn ooa«i»t®at w£t& p»o* vntimg* and/or t«a«&»* rating*
•ad wl&»tfe«* IfeMi f£a«£a*a •*• »»ppo;rt«« toy tli« *»mlt* froa
oth®r ««p»eta of pmemmMtt a4Jv*t»mt »ueii.aa »oeio»Qtrio
aoaatir^aoats iMfcavtar ola»«£fieat£oaa.
flte s»xt probl*® «• 4«l£a«at*4 feoro •hould !>• to «x«»£a«
ili« x*«.uit« of rating • • • ! • • *a« to«t», to • • loot gvow&t
M t t k i l mi I.Q. fro* **oa$r t l» aa« *!••»* I i M M I
l]T t i H W i t OA two Mt of tiwo» rating»;* •»*. to •*•!«« ta
t)M aooionotrio «*« a«l*£«T»aoat t«»t n n l l i of tfe» aatobod
l f « 9 t t t l » p«*p©»« of t!*£« »t»p £• to aaeartain
thoa# | « | U « *»*•# low Ml tli* *!»©•• «*it«f£a *a« mm
also i*»l*tM or Jhrtagwm •««o**£»#' to •oe£oa«t?£o « • • -
*«raa*nto. I t a&oaXd alow wlwitfe®* tl*©«» rata* high •*• al«e
hI*M.y ehoaan on M i l i a i t r t i o*£t«*la. I t i t « ! • • iaportaat
to till* *twij to f l a l wfc»ti»i* tli»*« I s a aienificant U f f t f
•&•• totwo*a ^foap# «o aat«fe«6 ia thai* oa two
<Jiffaraat t A i n w i t i ta«t«.
I t wi l l fttvttov *0*t*ifc«t« to tko raaaareh to f£»« *&•«
t&«* thar® £•- a ralatioaahlp *•*•••» low aooraa o* ratinga
•at #la»»£f£eat£oa #f pupila aakin* tlio«« eeoraa o* xmttmg*
*y tSw i s •!»*•$•, £a*£«at£a$ *h»thar aha conaidors
thaa salaftjast** wltlt seftortMs t© %h» total aohool s i t « • -
t ioa . ?&• £a«p*at£o» of tfc» l i s t s «f «&£!£*•» ooaol««r»d
protoloaa i s elaaaroow w/mmgmtmt wi l l allow wbatkor tt»jr «c*
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Jlia c lass i f ica t ion by ths tssoher a»- ft profcloa t » fcahaviov
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basis #r *l»t rat ing plaa fcotk taaaliars * yattaffs tm& pmm
*a%la#a oasoapsyativs «a»itsria.
Ths i a t a i ^ a l s i a i a a a s #f pvvpaa* I t ••idoirt. to aa-
soapMali tills two-f@l£ parpaaa It" i s aaasaaajry tfcat oaa .
hypothaaiia, - ©a tha basis of t l » %©£y ©f tlisory - .
l a tfc# swriUnr of ifca t l » t * paysoa*© aalf-ooa-
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to eohiava H I * <m::niigJml ©'i:kaaaa **• aaa#«4, with
a «I4» aaaplla* of al<Mla f r a t s popmlatioas to I c H
t l a a l significance to ths t a s i l a f of tlisse hypotheses. ' thoy
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a . 1 1 ^ ©a 0ami&m»%Tt9 aaaamaroaaatsy maliit aawwal
• aiCtawla*'
t
fe. Vmrnmrntimg pmtteimm 4t \
g*&& classroom
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t»»l Jjypotli®#*« *sti to and £*t**pr*t t j» r®-
•al ta t i e«Nl#3f %m H a l issplisatisii# £©* improvta?: (1)
©f t&e ia£i*lfimal* wltfcix t l » elassrooa, (2) tit*
y*l*ti®a#Mp* witl ia tit* gmm*- *a * «!*»• 1m tha
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far i««atif3riajr **i Ittlplmir tk* oMXd in t i# a i t -
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F ^ U t fvcm l i s t m « ^ « i » U f i f t l gvm&m elaaaaa. i'iaa ©f
tii# claaaaa wa*a f*©a tfe» t©*a of MoXinnay, S u m , Savaa ©f
*k» classas *tr» f*©* t&* «l ty of Irrinf, It «*•
10
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•t ai<J-80SB#et**. The fl*®t teat five* wes tint
§* the teet obossm tar-* self-rating- fu tfa» revi-
«* t&# Brmmtiim mttmvim. {App&mMx ».) tlie booms on
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#aw ««oi«, Arrangement of fitplle within eaob elate, fa rank
©*<•*» 4tT£#ioii tot# snartil##, i#e*tifie4 tli# li^n au4
1®«» fe* a eeap«vi*«a* en tip# «tl»*• m%ingm.
She tli*# evaluation **• « teee&er aominatlcms imtlsr*,
em aiaptatio® of tlie Berger-Sl ei'or eriterte. (Sm Apfeniix ft.)
fhe of .p«plla seleeted fcy tit* teeeher a# tNMbtg high wee
limits* to ©me fewtt of he* elasa, the eeleetie& of peraoae
JJOfSilSftte# #8 lOW #» til#
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fourth •»# low tm*t% were treated t* iU« noiaiiiatioBB
teefeaifae.
ffce foartlt evaluation vi« fr©« the peer fveap*,. 8«*iiia~
tttii of ft*# pupil# high on eoaparatiwe eeee tanee-rejeetioa
©riteria, and ast aMitleiiel ft** Seeignate*! aa 1 m on these
*«»* ariterie «oi»piPiii#ft the total number *y eaeit
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tea® wmm ale© front the Serger-Sheerer ite e* femt eiwpli-
fled and ra-worded im tfee vocabulary of «4#ll» §*•#• eMl-
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lat loaa f m a l l atwdaata la ••oh elaaa t© aanriira a t t&aaa
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h t m . $»*«*•*• «#r* u H i to W a ©at * ^ n U for
M i l atoiaat no aostoataA mm& to ealaat a mater ©f #t«a©ato
#%®toatoat t© to©atjr-fto© »• * e*at ©f ftm #to»« to aaaii In-
stance . Haato *©r© toft « l t t tfc© t©aeli«*» and ptotoa «p at
ft U U r t to* to toaar# t l » t tfc«y to* ptoaiy of 11M to ©oa-
# i tor tli* a©*to»tto*a. to a©«t faatoa*©*, ohook aar ka *©*©
plaoad tjr ttoa© #£ tli© to»aty cr i ter ia wlstol* w©r© t©
totoratoa tjrp© •£ pmmm- »©I©©t»4 for «*«IL of H i i w ;
group*, Tfeaaa wara tha ayitari* adapted f nm. tli© tor««r»
Sto#*©*^ ' 7) ©xp©*fa»©ato.
' ffc* !»*«* rattog* £©* *•© #f t i t atutoato w®r© to tw©
aaparato fartw. ' I m f©r» vae tor tto toSf~to©»$tiat Parto*
aacoad *«• for tfca S»3JHto#©«ttof Ibmx*
war© tux '«s€torto' for a©3Laati©» ©a aaak fora. ffcara vara '
f iva blaaka at tfe© Wtto* ©f aatii | « | i , anfi to© #tis3«»to vara
aakatf to aavtoata fto© a©Xf—iiktoff paraaaa who V M U i*it tka
aritorto indieatad and f i r a aaifH&a&ilttoff paraaaa wto *a»a
I f
i s tit* f&w .tfcat tors, tute®-
w t i ' i a ^ f«r feotk fora# «»a dlff»*«»<>• *©or«a tised--
to * *»* «r#«y' v i this lk» ela«« «•» tfe# %**!* of ties## *#© »©ai~
natloaa ta«hniqu«9. t o t l ?*«r fmiimgn *b& teaeh«r **t ia§a *«*<•
plae«<S o* tit* *»*%«* chart £m tlM cla#a whloli M l miveftiy .
%•#» ami* «j» fa* tfc# :iNilf~ar*tiat8. l it* *4* mil «««4 t® £»4§i~
«*t« «pfwwr quartil# «a«S tk« • * * t© tfttiomt# immt ia
•««h ca§§*. -
f i » *#l«#tl<ea <*£ * pmmm • m to tfc» gmw® ®f -.
pupils lii:fii i s ##3.f-#oa«»pt *«• €«ftefnia«i fey #**ig»*ti#» of
tlUMMt' p#v««Mi wit© iNNMMtmNI two *4*«* out ©f ttowfr i»'
jMNftktag** Vk* ! 8#!*»t!©i» ©f « person to tolaAfia* t# t&» group
of pajifl* low t i ##&f~«©ii#*pt **tr «#t»i?wia#€ iiy
of thoa* £•©£&» vim tire *S *•* oat ©f t hr «« i n t«**~
t i l e rankia^a.' ffc» nuwber &t T&mtrtmg %wo ©at of '
thre» or %+tto* upper f t i t t t t t * «m XHE, tlm *tafro*
MMfdvlair tw© out # t tluroo o* tiiairtii# raskin#* of
Immmit fourth wm II,©. f lu** ' p»fi3*# *« * * $*$ on eeperet®
charts fe* fttrtfco* ©©»j»mrl*o*ia.
*»» f p l M i t i f f . i w , W k p m m ^ m * ..
§Mz±Isz&> **«• *&•» f i i t a to « U «!*##•«. I .Q. 'b « r «
lay tte» t n a l method th« M a t * ! *c* «at tit»
ofcmaolegiool *g*« • seer** warn t * lmi* t*« for *11 etu~
€*»t#* tin* iat#3Llif#a«* #«©*«# f©* tfe* Istf-ltm.
eoseept « 4 tti©®® low i * wmm* thtm plmmM, ©a t&*
20
for of efeUklsktaf aato&ings. for
* fr*$tna*«3r t*%ml*ti@i» «»» «*#« £#* feotfe crwy* t©
f%« |NMP«C1I# •*wrfNMP '«€• p»©4 lit** tit* ami# of
*«i*y »#% 1*** ttaa. ten p#» ««mt ©X tfc* ***** *•
wi# .f©tl4&»»4, a***!? sM»« *¥-
fain*# tmr fe©tfc groups mm* s i x t y p * t s * *«*• '
fli* 2') Mfct*vi*l* **** WNNi for tfe# «@-
ei©«#t*i* tiMrts, mm* #f flEMi gtr«m mmm& V*l#atitt»'« Wvf .
m* »#»* two* StfWfi tk# «*£**»£* ««t at f*r tfc* • •'
vork «*#- f I«y t£t**tlo»* **l*t*l to tii©»# kelt**?* in «NN# -
to #1t* * Wit ist*tft»t is 'w&tAjr t%* - V©timf w«t -
«©a* •* tit# •»*!! wm$*9m$ «!lp« *#< t*feiiI*t«Ht ©a tiro
S#*i«gs*3$»# mm ft* tfe* **»k vtUHMtlo*# *»« «*• f»*' tk« j&flgr
#«:t*«ti®»*. f&* v*t«* iqr h i I *t««:*at *#*>* «**«%-
I«t#i f»f %#*'& *nd «4<«4. Wrnmmmm «f total ?oa-
•iM« *®t«* *#*# Ml«it«U4 f « *1m» s*t*fet4 gxmw$9* ' R«snltB
©f tteM tMts «a£ tlMi »&*rt# «•*•' glT«i t® tlw
t#*«h*r« ©f' «*eh <«&••*» witk t&» *»#nlt Hurt sk«3I i»t®***t
**« ««»••?&£&* fiaiiftt* *ai iBt**p**t*tt o&*, Tfc*
fia«l ?***«*%•§•« ««*• on *luirfc« ftv tli«
siat«k*4 «To«ps. .
• - §mtmmrnm with uk *A*m m* .ftyft tw© aaatfc#
of thm »«**#t«f %ni(kt a»4k fnt if i l «at*yiLal tte
ty$#* «* %*fe*T4®* j>ToM«a» % jwpltn i* #•*&
mm »*4* ** t© »i*asifi««tioii aa« « ^
il»iWfli»lt« «lMt wm Hit sfe©«t «#mt«f»«d »lx -
t l
aatogorlo* n u t a # to tfco profeloaa «oat aoattoiioi
*y t l * toaoliora aa fcoia* *©»t M m - In olaaarooa m N n m I .
faaa iav t WM tliaa aako# to toifaata f i d i k atuioata i s H t l
olaaa woalt %a « I « | ^ S « I %ar aaa* «f thoa® o laa t i f ioa t ioaa .
So aa* moto r vt« «oa£«matoaj aoao toaoliora aaao* m m «ti»~
ioa ta , aaaa mmm& f i f t o o a . % aaaa of t&o alaaaoa, aa oao
i»« aaao# i t m i of t t o SIX oatofoyia t . Hmmmi roanlta wor®
ia to * fvataaaajr fafclo with * t o t a l of 1$% ia#i*i»
l u l ffafe&sa# being «ta£«satoi. l i t H aoa® *t«#a*tt war®
aaat&oaa# to sara tliaa m e»t«aro*y, a W t H t f 122 f ^ i l t
IMlNkaa lfc JUL '$ m#: JLJ1-IM. ja*! 0£28K.*IW&k-&k-Wi *t~ Jt JfcMfc tf' iNlittbttMlfe
WWwm WpwHWR iNRii V*Jt fcWJi * "VWIpWlrjltVOTliP iRPiJPP
tfeoa aa#o witk tfe® y«ptt» aaaod i s tfea liifli tmiI U t match®d
group*. Tabulation m i aa#a of f ra tnaaoi t* v i t k vhi*h th®ito
ata#aata from tl*® aatoltad groups as# f roa otkora f o i l im t a t *
eatogorjr.
ffeo i « m s I AoMotraaoat Toot vaa *iv®& l « r i i ( tfea loot
taa aaaka of tfea aprtoff aoaaator, ffeaaa w#r« f ivaa tho m h
troatooat aa tfca f i r a t , witk ooapariaona being aaia Im #£f*
farasaaa to total, aafelavaaaat aa*« Hy th® aatott®# groups t f
blglia and lava*
Ih* a t a t i a t l o a l i m t n a t af tlio raaal ta f v w ttt» a*-
toaaiiro t aa t lag **# aa f « U m i i (1) t o t a l saaal ta vara talra-
latotf fo r a l l aixtaaa alaaata , (2) t o t a l yaaalta wa*a tafeu-
la ta# fay aiartar-aata* papila to t b i l i g l fro«$» O ) t o t a l r a -
a n l t i *®ro tafeslat«6 for atotjr-aoiroa pupil® to t i t low group,
*»« 44) tfca aaaaa af th«a« »at«bo4 groapa mm avalaata* fay
m
thai* 0 tat let le«X «ignifieanea cwl iaplieationa f* taaehara,
aoaaaal#*#, *a« paraoaa iatavaatai in ohild dav«lop»ant. ..
Definition of fa***
*• f*$f» **» #***•• U * wmmm mmm MmmM •«# Mgk m -lit# orit«ria .#? Salf-Aaaaptaaaa.
2. kmmmtem m «*ufc wium u vm i ^ u who avldaaeaa |«»i«lli|' e* retribute* fcahavio* diract«d" *gal&flt ahildran l» hi« p*** aaltara or adtalta. . ,
3. MtMsllA tha faalfa# a paraon ha* tm* aay p*w%lm%*r •. -aituatloa or $*#•*»,
4. ApMtn4#f that a*t«*al. or cativ«i which a paraon •hew* i« * *•* •«*i*®a**Bia|k «at or situation. .
). lahyrteg amttagmf « ooaaiataney in Mftvie* raaponaa t» •iailar mWlmMmm*
*. Bahavlor arohlaaa a difficulties vM«h ariaa out of tha ' • • •;: &m%mep9mma&- rel«tion»hip« ®f pupils within tha «!«»#*
rooa iiU thair paara or tMitoyi.
?• aaaagaaaatt tha proaaaa *f fcalpia* pupil® to ' aaiatain saxiaaa *0o<! a4J«ataaat ti&fiar eoaditioas fouad is tha avarafa 9X*-*9*w* ia tha alalia grata*.
5. grttaria of aeaieaatria ohelaa? H i **ttiat up #t *i***a-; tt©»*0* *-|*&4**g* ** « -'iHMkte f«V |Kii«Ml% *>f fc©W *»d ,
is what ratatioaafcip* choices shall fc* aaia.
L* tfc* t# which * parson raakla* Iliaaalf or *w«* fosrth en tha salf-ratiag- *a*i* it *1#®*
hi*h in **• rankin* of ©tfc*r*s M s pears «v III teachers or other adultau Wtl twtaMM* to tit yinos who raak* Uaiwtf ea tha **lf~**tia# ifc* coagruenoy i« %J» 4a«raa to whioh ha it rated I«nr fourth to tha ranking of ittlffl,
3-0. Plaiataraatedi tha of showing lltti* iaterest, a©©f**>ati®» in *la***o©» *ititati©a*.
11. Maaraaaaor aeorai tk» 4iffa*aaaa featiraaa tha #Tal«ati^ ' «H8i * | « N I aaltaa of aa ha tMalai ha ii aad . tfea x>atfat %» |iv«t ©f tha ha woaltf liko Ho ha.
If
**• IWgj j j f t - ' t f c . 4 . g r « *» * ! « * * p***m #1»009«» I l 9 P#«r« OB aay < «*&***», *
SmUiEt **• VKimtaftAls* of l*©w ©th«r *•*!.
p. i t e * i ^ r f# *»d
. 0jf tfty #tt$S1l3tl|#0IP S$SlMlSS@li #11
' i s i # ^ ' * t 4 T # f i # 1 * of W
P « » C T « ? s s * r s . f « . • w . , M H f O i i T i ? ' •«#o#imt«» or p«»r« ** «»»#*iMiig * |«f«$a who#© b«hario*
Y ti©** #f hla P»«r •jpwt5 imfe s t a t i c? to Ohm fe#3Sttviot prntimmtB ©f ewrso&e In yowfftr p««r ^oup . * ' f w « » »
**• ^HMjfcJJIf;. **• **wii*i*ty -** i h m m i isr « $ m M % *»*«*ifiiea ©f im* fa« ,«m&4 Miar $© '
W. I t i S t i M l I l l » »»r»M ttm lvt«Tp«neua r*l*%l<mm ritt « i u • " * * w *• ! • mat
ooa«n«ro« *« memMomtimg to p*#y ©* j?roup > ^ . ^ 1 , £2£2L_SiS*S£* *&•- fMft ©f say $****& m $m tm efe©s»» %»
* * » * * M* -0*M ****** pgr
2 1 # j e H 2 i 2 S f £ & £ L J i ? *#•» by m t h m I s tfe* •nvlroiim«nttl milieu ©f tfe* individual. M* @f rating# «» r t r 'afctf *• %•
n ^ i r h L . j . v i i i r ^ . i ? 4 * * ^ • * * » * * .
a 3 t ^ f c g j t g ? f | # | ,#
f ® 3 P }*•»***••• E$ HMM «t«ijr> T&-• iff**?# ?f f 5 % l * , ! 4 ! f® *• • »»*««**• ©t -MaMf_.«* th» *»©«? f M i Mm&P «eal« and f t l l i a *
^ ******* «o*l»**i#€»« ly tlia *©^a»fii»*>r© ***#„ 2 4* * ***»«» **.i* *« fwyvftlMM m W&M&& jyi#
24
t f i
3Mm
•aaaaatiagi a person I&aaia to %& aalf-aaaajitlag' C ftift on *&» aa3,f**atiag 'WHOS
uaodin th i s study.
"A» i»£iviia*l** aalf«aafi»iti©a. ©f ftoa. i t Ha i« i «yaaaia patta*a mt organisation
ia t l*atfa$i¥i«aal . witli partlattlat* **£**aii** t© 4ft*. itfaaa m£ at t i taAa* wkiofc a*a i t # a laaaata . *(1* |>. 3)
galf~ae*fi<aaaat tfcat t u a l i i y a# aal£~«afi»i*iaa alilali i p&mm t© aata la£l*tAita3. *ai j>*e?p®aii?a
valaa Jaigfflaata i a aa* altmatiasa,. .' . .
IStftl aai«aa of f# taa aad _ _„ial* a ya**** liaa M
_ «x|»«fi9aad a»4 wfeiofc aa ia ta taa aad •»-M M tlveaflfe j>*aia%ar*iaaft a«l»otiT© proo«»8*a.
a poreon i a aal4 to ba a*lf- i i«ai1etar ' «galngttlw> oirg«nl»fctloa of tl»3P»*l
o»'a*f««a% *#&f fcaaaaaa mi a iaaa t ta faa t iaa altfe Ma praaaat oaga&tfftt l oa . '
- l i l i i t i a p»mm m ? fcere a*14 %a fca aaMNIIto® »1mh& f# a«l f-op^ttn 1 sa t i on -' asafclaa &ta "lo aa la *aX«e J « i f .
a«at« i a aooop^aaoo wltb tk« daaaad* yat upoa hia l a - ' Ma •mwir&mnt aa* t© a^iatai© organisation without «»-daa pr#flsur« or t&saat. '
flaif-reJcotingt - a §mmm a*y *a a a l l to fea ae l f - re jac t i i i* "" A R "' # " .... ... *%• M <L» *» & S **,«* m. 4 > V * L 4 * V A & m J I A I * *
V$l$& m0 %M ## ®WKWfr ••#* IpL® w»Mf .3MI,,3MI WMHV ^ t&vaat f t a « tka asvivaaatBt aa€ f aa ia laaapafefca a t '
aalatfi lnins Ma cwffaikiafttie*.« it tfcat *m9&mmmm%*3L a i t a a t i a a atiiali a®»-
a t a aai aaaataat aa t t i a# in v&ialt a t»e tlie pdi>aaa XlTaa- t s a ^ia Ma ao^ i l l t y
|,f tlMt taAS.i'ljr af Imaviag ;«ANit at&a* pa^aiaaa ara t&JHtlfa* * k < t M i aa4 Ikov a&»** aat ieaa ajfa %«faf M t ^ ^ t a t *r ©tiiafca Ma
m * ' aataal »aai>oaaa -aMita to aay' fa l i i ' t t faai aaaial, a taa.
t^a aaaliat of a^aiaaa yaaai ta i l^p f a t laa laa ' apavaaa fafeaay apaa l f ia a l tna t ioa Ml aiqr ai>a«f f t a a^ltajrla 4iY14a€ %Tm a t paaall»la a&aiaaa wliioli &• might h&m wmtmi ti «T«ryon« ia t&sit al taf t t lea iMi- vota« fo r feia.
a$
l,f t t e t q i & l t t y of MMtittf oae'a ova ' i * i o r mm etfem ### th®*.
I T , i e t i f l i t l g l i M t l a l t t lM a«thod by w&itfe * p»r«on'# # * -^msivemmm t o eiiooa© aawt r t i m l w t t o xmmivm choices w i tWa the fttMNWtlt <?f » i i assured ftsa ©valuatod.
It * # f w * i # # *# rar lou» typ*» •©£ «ko£«® '¥«¥~ip. t » «k©ie# wt%Mn
t k t group situatJ.on.
i- tfc* #***y of tJ** M t t M M M s i ©£ f2p©mp * # -p« % »««»• of ehoi«» processes.
_j,t tfe» outgoing f t t i i f t f i t t t »$ u $wmm W eiiooaina: other people oa a f i f e®
t l m r M w x i m , m i * m x p m m a i v m * * * .
41* ^ w f a a f t i a f t t i t e t t o w t l o r s i t ua t i ona l t lmm'tmmt of * ^ ' f#»#oa w i t l i tke v i m of toriafi** « lov t a ekmge-.
42, eoaeeptioii # f imt i i ig# a«jr I t ^ s a f l t o b W «»ar«*&i#tt# i f Imi mmv-% #««#• h©w other
peraoafl ' f » * l *#W«N| M i l If# ft Mffh $*£*•* •
_ purposes ©f -UWL# * t«4r * t& t vmlt&mMm •»&£ <****£«£ a®*!.# w i l l Imi #m» I f smums ©f
*#«*!*£ how -MBalattMtl jr i t ft# mgqpmtfti %w tt* -V f indiaga ©n m & p«*r s« t l i g *«
4 4 . * JWN»«» whose i irtoyprnvmatl ^ r l t l t S j£«ar #*o«g as#/©r *4<tt2,4« t * eueh *fc»t to i t
m c o n t o r a i n g t & pmm m * r o u p * * « » # » * « # .
BIBilOeSAPHI
t&mam ©£ #»3.f a&& X*sr.r©e##a of Stfa«y«
©b«r, Jtffi-I-XIiYiEX
2. B®Jaa#y, ICcrl §• mafi S©t& A* ¥m*ezi&m* $®*l®gvm$k t m e f M l t i c f §©«i©s***f«f««ta,
(Lo* A**«le«, C»l. , 195?). -; .
% Sfowufftia, t e l a J . , ©f tfe* i « i f » | G i ^ t ** * Dimension «f 9toe*MM&f1ar. * ^ • • mmz cw2>.
4* MA*** efearleit© end *«*oeiet©e.
1WP pp. 82-83, 9. S«#tqfjr
Fr*»e, I f f I .
fe. Keg***, #•*& fi
8eir Jerk, Htary Sol i *® HUtt,
mw wm isxtm
S2> Jtanr Tor If, BoufMon-MfflHi Boapiir,
7 . ***«*•*•, ?»# *A» A»*lysi* of tls* Kftlttiewpfcly* mtmm #f «ai f©* I t i l and A*m*p-t-amee «f a»4 S*«$*et f « r Ot l im in $ • * $e«a»«X£a£
i i ' i r a i { i t i f i ,
*Bi V. •#©»&«, Ta*k$ a»« ImpUm**, f^&l«fe»sar#' I
26
CJUPYX1 x i
¥BSQ&S¥XGAit m$ygf*$ffWff OP PERSORALITI MSASffSEIflEHT
Wm ta ta l j>ar»oaallty »f tfca Snmaa ©*faaiaat caanot to
assXysai or f a a a t i f i a l aa *r« eoapounda to t&» ehaaistry l t l -
«rat«vy. flia $*al£ty MA m&mtmrfc£oa of ttti ycmaM&l'tf
a w l H ia farra i froa tka totetdaial aaaifaata'tfasa vfc£«h «*•
i t « a*ta*aaX tf i lMMM. Sto Utavatwa raXaifair to tk» ptfafc-
Xaai « t l l i « d£«aartat£em wilt i a r«Yi#w«a «a£a* i&t foXXoaiaf
«ataf©r£aai
X. Iiitaratura oa t i t afttura of iMEraeaaXity,
f • Mtarataira m totevle** I t s iM*tfaatai£©aa» aa* &«w
telnvifv is •v£4«iao*4 la iatasfavaoaaX *aXatiaaa.
3. SAtayattty* ea a®thod« cat JJMt*uMM?t* f»r pa*a©aaX£"ty
aa&sux-aaast •#£ aaXf-aaaaaaaaat.
4. Mlmmimm m m % a s # oa «#Xf»a@aaX8taa«y
aa *ap*a»aat£»g tka t&tafvativ* potential of t to i»«
dividual.
5. fcllMMNit«Y« partaialat to i t t e f TmmmwQk wkieh 1»
«iM»&j st&ftMt to tk# gyofeXaaa « t t l l « 4iaaa*t*t iaa.
fto©*£aa as# vaXi&ata4 iraaaarali aowtolfeata to t to tata&
body of £af©*»ai£©» eoaoaraiag afeat wa m i ip tit* j>«v*«mX*
t t f i i l » t i t aetaaily rapraeanta ia i t a » U 7 , aai &©* i f # «V
mwmMm ato*aata*tattm **y to 3c4f<HU Siaaa aaay a t t to
17
**«•*• •mrnwi-wm-m mm $vwmm& foouoooa m »olf-*attiigsraria
tho 14oa of m aoif-eoaoopt, it i« j««go* that tho
tmm *M» »t«^ wiil ooatritato to tlt« aaiov-
atantiaf *f why aa§ how oaoh ImftivituaJL ia uniauo. It la
••14 that tho porooa who Im« H « m •» laiivi&sal la that
!***»©» Mrnmm* mmmmmnw* tkm mmkmim of thia ata*y alii
^ W » apoiraoa'a ovaiiiatlomof hiaoolf mm %m$tm of tho
#oaMtjr-©f tlitt ovoluation. .
fhoitoo* to Mttf i• * poworfiil aotiv«tion la tho itwoa
of fcoyo aa4 ffirla i« thol* growla*-*!* pvmmmm. Tho fr*m* ,
of roforoaoo f» aay tailvlMAt ««»oiNHa|? to i*oky{*6> t»
M * «** MWH» «a« attltaioa oottooraia* tho «olf la roiatios-
•hip to hi« oaiToroo. Whoa ho b^ginm to Xo»o tho "oquowkiae
W* «ha*a©t©ieiati©a whioh KOMBO<67) 0mm Mm m$ to dorolop
Mo I*o, hi b«gln« to rooXiso tho ooaatitatioaal. patt«rnin*
with whioh ho la oa4ovo* aai t© iatofrato ©aeporioaooa la oaoh
» fft«Mos %*&% It hooo*©© • naifno totality. Aceordin* to for-
«««»(») . ©oaotitittloaaX iotoasnlsaato of por*oa«lity tJ»* i**w#m*X «poa whloh ho aaat hail* Ma total porooaoXity
through tho .ooiaX, f«l», aitaatloital «oto*»iaaata *Moh
*® M a through hi* oxporloaooa aithia hi« ostwiyoaaoat
mrn th*o«*h tho organisation of Mo porsonaXity *f«nl ft. *fci§ilt
oyato* of valaoo. St#ph»na(93) fcoXlovoa that it la in tho
ha£i«lat of ayato* of waXaoa that ho fcoooaoa tho it®- or
**• "*•1^ *• tho hat of Ma own a&lvorao, with flit ffrouad, aa
rofor*o4 to fcy fl«Xd poyoholo loto, tho oxtoraaX gotoralaaat
mi -Umi proe***#* fcy whiel* s o o i « t y * t t * a p t s t© s o l d
o t p o t t o m lit* according t© i t * ii«fe©t©*£**. S ine#
i I s m I I m i * t&* *i®r4*» « f c t i l iur# , th»s« d lehoto» i«a torn
£apo0*4 «p©» t&» ob i ld tferettfb *£ii«*t£©»*3. mmvi£+wt*%&im.
f * *»»4 tafe*; MMMRt t f tfc* »*ay f o r e e * ©f*ri.tiit£ spoa
t k * i k i l l i n © w *©#i*tr . A * » k ! U #©»** f r o » th» fees* witfc
i t « f**y£»# £*$***# of j»if©t*«tiir* upbringing- 1st© * #ofcool
ayatwi wlii«li i U *Mt#**» « * * r t * i a ftaonst ©f
«©*f ©rat ty . % t o t h i s y t l t l t l i* ^ U l k«8 developed * * * l f -
etmc«pt -of I c i f i f * Jc£»& of p i m a . l o t It* 1» «0B*«i©m*
o f « gxm-$w**a oxpoota t i ea j l » # mlmg witli. »*ay ©t&or eh i ldr*n
• f •»ryl»ff i o ®xpeot«d t o Immmm* a par t o f •
*©l l*«t£¥* ®f ymmwm»* t k i a g . f r o a M « f i r a t dmy i s 1
sehoo l #» t t w r a ^ tfc* f M l of M * l i t * } » I t ^ r i f i a f v i t l i
kiaaolf**- t o fe* fciaaolf and At tk» awa® t i a * t o fc# Zilc© tfty*
at$*** i n M » £ » a » « i * t * a®*l*X » i l i « u . "Ifcat tko iar te ivat lv*
f o r e s * ©ftan ooa* i s e o a f l i o t witfc t l * pstaHMnN&apa* p a t t a t a r
iagr # f Mm a o l f - e o s e o p t l e fcetfc i s * v i t a l ! * a®§ «®a*t*at„ 1*
I * * m * pmttmwms o f conformity « H group **p*ot*tioi i* - I t r i t t
t&* f i r a t f*w yaava i n aoliool— «ar fee 4©** not Xoarm thou. I f
s««o««de to l * * r a i * t t ime fc* i*» * t th# »i&&Xa §x«4(*** •
IWM?* or l « * s £#**3. p u p i l , f i t t i a r i n w i t J* group ©a$#«tati©ii*,
aeoaptod both Iff M a p***a «m4 %3T tlie nfc© hm.vm a«Mfc i s
no t ion tli* p«tt*riiiBg> for©## « f ©4uo*tio»*" ffci* p a t t e r n i n g 1 *
tit* nark of tfet* oaltmiNii vitbemt i t $hmv& mrnmM fee mo *e«i**»
t t * « of mm living %og*%h*r I s bmraa&y. Vitl»o«t * t * » i * r i *
J0
t&or# would 1m no ©rgasiaad grovornments of fraa pooplo work-
in# tojotkar for froup foal* and for tha l»tl«nnt of nil
aaaklad* Til* iadlYidaal* who n)» up tkoao aooiotioa of f m
pooplo in a daaoaraay aro pattaraod ia tte alaaarooa* of tk»
nation, fnfortunataly, la thoaa se&ool ayataaa vk«r« tfca
purpoaa aaane to *o to reach or aurpaaa tho national nexma,
auafc of tko aalfaoaoaa of tkt itllflltMl is pattoraod n l 1m
tha to taacli for tko avaraga «Mld vlil* tha oxtroaoa
fcaooaa aoro and aero "tfco attar parson.'a »roU««* or problaaa
for apaaialiata.
'fit goals of o&ildltood, howavar, ara aaldoa lflaf-nsgt
fMlt, Utkoifk tto «kill a«r It ilMtifjriii froa lis fwr
•arlioat yaara with tfca parson whoa ha wiahaa to emulate or
tfca person whoa he vill )mi i« not of torn posaosaed of
enough, foreaifht or Maturity to see rroup and societal ? » r
aaroa a* • neoeaaary aeaas to a Meaningful tad, One*# ytt-
terns of tolliar M a afcat bo shall feoooao ami how he shall ha-
©oae it ar# Xaaa aeaninsful to M a than to the adults who teaoh
hia adulta and the pre-adoleseent hare vary different
fraaoa of reference. And those who have forg-otten what it ia
to b« t aMld, who ktif achieved a plaae ..is soeiety which ia
rowardiaf, hare failed to look oat at tko world froa tfca «|»«
of a person irtrivta# -for a plaee of Hloifiaf aad for- a foal-
ia# of hmwtmg aehiered aoao aeasure of aaoooaa* Tfceao two
olaaoata aro necessary for the continued growth ia the lifo
Matory of aa individual.
n
_ f&o se sMMrm w&© i® not mmMmm a plrco of V»£o8ffla&
»* *0*0 m*mr« of •«««••* ar# coon ii#mtifl*« «« prolloa*
©i? «1». »*la<!jti*toS. Ib tki ImI, S»w !• Met Snougit. if,
truiio $>p, 13JI-2.64) ro&iMli-tatica of tsotiomally
ilftvi'tel %&« *0 slwi without »*jr iisroot attaol ©a
tls# coftiomfe p*oMos# »t X**«t »t Iftt&o* t&«» fi*fit£
tfc* «M3J tew ©f thos* oXoaoat* 1B wMeh J*# has f«Uo£, &•
m*t ftMt I**# ton* »«*#«!•# «f tti©#o two o&oaoatc to aoooo-
#**r *0 M t ooniinti«5 4*v»lepa**t* feoloagrlaga### aa4 suoessa.
It 1« %%rmgk tbooo two #*p#ritae»« thut &• becom#• tit *ta*
of ® po**oa *&© ota ftttpt t© ill fteatfomie oitmatioa. llifeomt
i&o#® tiro oXoaoata It* hae such * low aolf-oeaoopt iMt te la
block*! •* trvrtratot, Mm pattora* of t*1n*l«r **»
Juetiv® aad &o ooaaotaoatly Utka ttoao oklllo wtetth
aostife M a * plao* la fcta poor §TO«J> *ai ia hie laaotiata
school aoolotjr, Hi# fraotrrttoa at net imlmglng *a& M m mg*
gwmmiwmm mt %*lmg aaaoooptat&o vitbla Ma. aootoi* siy-i**
mm JB1#P1*O#«» TFE® rovttaa of hemming ajrafcollaaxiy
th# oaoiiy" of i&« total of .
fHo a cabals wummmm of otfeova ayatoliaaa to Mat hie faU«*o.
Aoaianfo- i v h m i fc#oo»o» *&« tixmrttng ptmms# wMeh **©%# 2ki«
#f statao aa& »«i»# M » a trtm<g*r witli tbm poor gf©«p a&6 tfeo
*ofT ly*aa#" ofclM to tfc« taoafcoy wii©s« aroliie t«at aaalataaoa
he yofaaaa fcooauec h* has ao resources! witMa itlaoolf wlf&
*%lofc to bnrg-sin foi* atattia «ni sueo«es.
n
JN*a©aa.3.ity ia tagrat ie® « i » t 00a® afcout b t f o t * t h i s
•*a*»t a wany1* i a altalii, f i t •*© vaaaavaa* must %a V i l l i up
a a t tlia aa l f -a©»a«f t ra-latajraad aa t&at asy aaaaaaa tka ohi ld
l « t wi3J.' to * *a«t aaaaaaa aMafe bring* abeat aalfHtaapaat a t
t i e »a»* i i a t t i n t i t fcariag# h i s #aa*- a t a t a a : a d u l t
w i . tili&iva* witlt imp* a a l f - a a a a a f t e a»y a a t «i>a»
a l f i a taa*a f a * tka»aal¥#a, t»at aartaaa ly # i a t « f t o « e M l l f t B
• M M t #0 tto«a® thing* f a r tfca«*ai*«» v i t l M t t&a aaaaffaaoa
@f taatriieti 'ra r a a a l t a , a«efc a s a M i a g t # tka «a l f -«©a##t t ®f
totag- a | M i t t «3*© f a d i f f a r a a t aad aaaaaaptafcl». ffca ohl ld
smat to . | i f « 8 i M M f Mljr l a thaaa araaa a tor* k* f a raady f o r
fvaatoa £a *xpm*mlmg MmmM m l a mXing *#ts* a a a l l aaaaaaa
«o tfcat tlia y a a a l t , l a a i l a g t o rayaatai. f a f t a r a a , « 1 U M t
"aor« of tfea aaaa.*
t a a e t o i * i t emmmMm l a a t i t a t t a s # with fr««doss t a aaa
laaa known siotJioda toaa liftd m i l l aaaaaa*
disturbed ohl ld toeaaaa tkay to*» toait f*aa I v o t t t o praaaaraa
of «#i:tai»tyati©» end paraat* l a tbmif ohol«» o f taalai£$m«a l a
handling tfca l l c t i f M I ol&l&raa. B©tt«lfcelK>(8) *a$a„ "Saaaaaa
a f tha l a d i r i d u a l a t t a a t l e a wa f i a a t o aaak efclld, and toeaaaa
t k i taa* of &aa*aiaf l a f«ar#d to tfca c h i l d ' # l a o l i a a t i o a a aa*
t a p a t a a t i a U y aa#aya%la» aoat t l i U m i f oa«» tfcair laayolaff
iaJWMttoaa a*a a a t i * a l y r«aev«l , can a a a i l y aalea two a* aara
yaara* aaatavia pra§*aaa t a a a i a g l a yaar'a t l a a . « Th# ilttXi
aaat laavaa* aat o a l y t a aaaayt M a a a l f aa IMP i a , t a t t a
a t r l a a t a aafca tlia toat aaa of Ma- I s l i f i l s i i aaaata v i t k i t
n
t i t # I t o i t o © f * h © t ' • » < ' ' k i t tot©*aali**« a v l t - w m m p t
• * T • * £ » « t e * W » f * » * Imi » « « t % • i n d e p e n d e n t # f w h a t a n & r ~
t l f l e i » l » © * » a m y r » q u i r » . ' f & * * © p © * t f i * © » is. t M « * i > t i © l ©
© a & © » t i l # e M l d ' B i d e a s o f kto**lf *&« fcto< p i s e * to » @ © t o f y '
R T « y * « » i l M t o a t * * f © * • ® l f - « © i i © t o t © » « y i s © » • « f a a a y -
* © » © * * • © a w & a t to * > ® i a g « © » • ' f l * t h e © M l t l * ® i i w t t k w h o a t k e
o t h e r « f » a a l « « o f • ® © l ® t y # feotli h o * ® « « 4 « o i i o o l r h f t T # i i o r e t o -
f o i ? » f a i l e d . f f c © i t « t l t © d @ l © f y i > i n m i * » * ® 4 Immp* to * ® p r o a o t e i n *
© i g f e t * » < t t © t i i « * « h « a i « @ f t f e * t o t f t l * e l # » e © » « » s > t
t o 1»® c o n s i s t e n t w i t h w h a t % h * e M l d to * f e l # * « * w i l l t o g t ©
Ao wit* Mm p e t ® » t i ® l 8 .
H i l 6 r e t f a ( M , p p . 1 1 - 1 4 ) fc©ltow« t k f t t K n o l l © f t ! i * m m o w #
w l i i e l i « © M l # fees' t « o c m n o c t i o n w i t & M a f t o i t X © * : p i i t o : # • * -
J » © * i © » © © # to t & « f j t j f c l i © l « t o « l « 4 ® p ® H 4 « © » i l l * « • « « .
S h e s a y ® t
f f e © « © * # * » t w l t y © i k l U e h o w e ® t s o k o o l emtiem&m ' t l i # *©*© eaeily to will ® » t ® r tot# aahool l i f t and t h ®
nor# sweafiy It® w i l l fe© f a i r t m m i m g m v skills. In * o h l l d i s w s « % i r « « 4 y t o l a a r a © a ® v « J k U l
w h e n b « ftttanr « | i © a t * i i # © * e tot#*©«% it Im&ming, * l i e n
b i s tot©*««t to « * * « t * t o ® 4 « m a j » © ? t o 6 c f tto®, © a f i
' * & • » b ® © I t © * * t i l © © M l i t y t © w i l l * ' y r « £ V * * » to l o « r n ~ ••
. tof. * f f t © ? r 4 l i t t l © p » © © t i e e to t h e • M i l . . H m » ©
>rto«lpl*ft « p p l y a t l © v « l © ® f c h i l d h o o d l ® © m t o £ '
• * * t © © a y » J c i l l « a © f e l l i ; a & f f e t t Q I © ® * * , » © t
t © r * * < ! i n £ , * f £ t i a # » a n d n u r a b e r
f * # t o * a llili »«3e« mp a « a t f t l i ^ t m M t y f©r "
teaifliuwaf*— t l » # e a p » 0 i t y t o t l i i n l e , t o p » a m i s » # t o l « M t t f
t © © % • « * • * » t o l > » © w t o a a , t © v m m e f o * * , t © f o l i o * -
4 i r 9 0 t i o B « , a n d 1s© < t © * l v i t b ! ! • « • am * © i x - y © e r l e v e l
© f m i f t x w f f t a i t o t * " * © • • • B t i m l t o l « * x « l i ^ ! N : r t o g :
t&» fto»t ffvftd©. Svi4©»«© pr©v®a tlmt mmemme to ftost t f « i © « « l K l © i © a © » t to | » * « < t i . e t « b l © t © * l a r ^ » © x t * » t '
to tom of t b f t s © fft«t©aP8. If t k # ©hlid*© m a t o r © t l © a
34
fa aaatal traits i» baioir th* avara&o for Mm ago ' ©4- if ha is too young to have aeMavad saffioloat •atarity, aoro 41*111 will met pro4aoo tlio ro*«lslto 4orolopa»at«
S&o obi 14 wfco rpsssossos salf-control aad solf- •>. yaliaaoa f» tottor praparod t&aa tliooo ahildran w&© laofc tfeaaa traits to pay attaatioa, to l i«tt» to t&o toao&ar's 4irs«ti©m*» to »*k# plaas, to psrtistf pato in ?gt«® worfc, Ml to Mti»«o la soslal eonvar-satloa ia tha *roap.
Soma of the i H u aoatioao4 fcara la41oato vfcat t# ox*
»ooto4 of « k ! l l m W o n tlioy o*oa start to sofeool. *oa4i-
aoss prograaa i t kiagargartsiis aa<! f i i» t frstfos i*#i oat© tkat
•«V sro aot i m t n l . It to oalr rationalisation or totfia*
tko fsostioa to mjp t&at tbos* thing* oro aot t&o Jot of tha
educational systoa. If otaoatioa i s 4oflsto4 as th* oarrior
of tko eultura, tfcsn o4aostors ara oWipl to taio th* oMl-
draa whararar tfcay fi*4 thaa and to aa*s up tits iof iol t ly
soro uadorstaadia* of thai* profcloas, aero planning- for tfeo
«* » t tew am oroa start vfcoa tkoy aator ssfeool,
and aora fcolp for t&oa* efcildroa vhoaa davalopaant i s arrosto4
durin* tfcsir fi*st roars ia tha elasaroeau
to ororooas look of roa4iaoss at startla* f irst *ra4o,
*attorasn{75# j>p« 15-20) says* "0»s sta4y of SMWtollr rotar-
dad boys ravaalad tliat whoa tfco pupils woro *iro» a prolonged
protra* of pro~aoa4oalo raadinase lastaad of tha eustoaary
foraal i r i l l pra*raa ia tko tfcroo t ' s , tkoy trosoato4 fovor
fcaha-rior m l l « « f la lator aoadaaie situations than 414
ohildran who had aot raoairad tha hanafit of thia aaw-typa
profraa.*
m
It**! ©f tt»d«r«t*adiag on th© ytrl «f t«*ob«r0 ©aft pmxmt*
©f tlw growth ey«l©© which ©lf©*»at»Xy 6©naa6 *©»t IBI flwit-
fill ©otivttjr aajr tlurow tfe© eMIi't total fi«U out «f fooua -
©a-# pi*©© *©•©»*• «*©a kii y&leli **• **t *f proportioa t© tfc©
potential «$ tfeat Hvli««X«» poiat la hia growth *r #©v©|,©p~
*©at*X pj*©©©©©©©, f*©« ftp©©*©*?i4g©(14, pp. 20-21) one' has
* ©t©t©*©«t sewNiimlas tfct ©#*©•*• *f ©««!i iiiteluiMi
Ctoil*r#a a«© lltif mwwgy £m *m p«*p©«©«t (1) for ©* t&© iKlly prograa of «©** ©a* )l«rf
- *m4 (S) fear gs>@w*Ju Wk/m flMifgr i> ItiBf tlUiMl **p§iljr ItMfkf "tfc©*© i* 14**1© l»ft f©* MllVitf, sad tit© «MII ©k»v© ©i*a© «f fsilfsi whioh *r# *©-11©t©4 ©cily ©*©$©«*© « t e ^ is ««*• ia )tlt ©«fc©4al© to tilitw lifii *©»p©*©3rtly ©f ©@a© «f t&© iMMHNbi wMth hm Mm* *t ©**©» tia#© in 11* Iff©, ©fel© *© •©•*. ffe©a ero*tli *1©»© ap notlc«*bly, **y ©??©*»•
It i© © ©oaaoa «nr©r it t©««Ma$ that II* «MM*0 la©*
©# Tlltliir ©* 1©«© ©f «»©rfy 1© aiiUlm f©r ©ataf©al«a t©
lt««Bii|{ w&«a ©aplH§0is©i» tie© a©y f lad © p©f upon
whieh to Itaa* hi* fjea©t*©ti©a mi' 4f*r©©*i«a. f&© ©lill *fc©
i© jr©***#©# to ylftiMl #©T©l©pa©at «ft*i laek© that phy#i«al
©# a©«»©l©t£«*l attoupfiy to ttiUw l©ir»l« ©f ©*p©~
*1«m* ©oaaoa to children ©t hi» flvn ehronologioal •§©•
Tit© iatayplay ©f physical f©«t©r© la tfc© •#©,?©l©p«*©atal
pr©o©»»©« «iv©« irti© to «©air ap© ©ad dowaa is *&© learning
pi*©e»©»©*. It 1© trim II* r©po*t *f M©a«ha*(65) Hat w© Have
t&© followia* ©«iiritati«i on «©A© of th© ©MI©©© ©SI •ff©ot»
ia ©«#Ji aatt©r«i
n
_ 1MMNMHAI -m,' t&a ©f growth asMI aaaiaX . ©a* •notional tiatajrfcaaeaa i i M l t t * point afeava ©a© .aaa *©aii2,y aa©*ife». aaaataa. a* d#oi4© vltfc «ar~ ' ta ia ty wfc©tfc©r I t v l i r **©wt& p*©6ae«© tit© i ia ta**
' feaaaa i a ftotlia* •*#. lM*l!*¥i©* ©* :aa^*®aa©aial. faatfev* aaft ©aotioaal liatarfcaaaaa p*@ia©« tit© g*a*s&. ' ?*©fe*%ly a«ith©r mm %* ©allal a»*©©aiaai or oon»equ«nt. ' I f t s profe&fel© that M aya iaf«r»*a:tat©£
. «»4 mM&nr* aa& fvaattaal px0g**m ©f trtmtmmt :to$& VmI fe© p lura l i s t i c I s s©tlto4a »f t t U e k ,
Br*«k»nrid£®(14 } 0tt*r9 *ugg0Btioac f©* aiiftekiaf!
Wa ftMl to eonsidar ways ©f adaptlas f i M wari as# »ooi*l prograa# to ti© gxomth aa©£a aai iat©#aata ;
of the t i o »©x©« aa wail aa t© th© »©a«a »ad iator««iii a t th« i&41vidtiftl «fcil4r«a. .
' fit© ©o«i«l 4 i f fa*aat ia f iaa t«§a r©l©ntl©»ely e f f ea i t a ©*», iapalJtat fey tli« afcraa*Iy->falf* a«»d© #f t&© o l i l l m tlMHwaiiraa, %at aaUaa aaaaeiaaaly ai£©6 l>y « ohool; pa»a©»aal* aft©a, i a faa i , atmfefcai»aly *aaiatad fey «©ho«I aatl^arittaa,
H » *a©atiaa» at tfc© Ia#i*i€*a$, f a t!t« *roup»' i a *Mak
h© f i»*a Maaaif 1© ia no oa© «©t yafttam a t *a#pe»aaa, I». 1 .
m v ) g r ( ? i } f « n l t&at t$« f iu»t$a*iat of tfca ©ftilfr©a ia -
group© of iiffaipaat aiaaa iap©a#«a food «©«1 «p©» th© ©Mia.
k g*©at 4*ml ala© 6«p»a£s »p©a tfia pa%tai?a* af feabavlav aa#
f©«lia£ f a tli© groop. ©a* a&at l i s ! af ©$ttipa*at ^
pyimafaa or r«t»r<S« aoei»li»ation ©aeas a f i t l «.a»ttav. af # i a -
pat©. Sail© la*g©?a ©*© f i f t a * i a aMMty t© atftanlata ©«apa*~
ativ© iNtaialoyf attosv a©?«iy tfeiale ikijr a*a f i f t a * . %•«©«©©
tli«y ©aa loaiaat© th© aitaat iaa fey fa*a© ©* lgr I AHI tapli©©*-
t l « of fax*©© ia aueli a aay tltat tl«iy k©#p t t e ©MlAraa t s ia t*
dt ter laa iara a©«a *y tkaiv *a*y pnaaaaa© to a t i r ap aoaf l ia t
af tlN»: aa4a«iir©1i}.a aoyt.
yt
Conflict, competition, «©ot«:rati#aa:r# *11 aaltf to %•
oh*r*ot«ri«tle8 of gmgttt apoataaoity aakaa working tkroii|& '
»itmati<*a» po*«ibl» £©* «Mlii*#ii ia #seoapa| th«ir confliot«
•*nt eftn lis- ahfe&ndlftil ' * Bir' will Is# t^mAy itap pEPTiWr>Pr jF.iiHi,F pi TIPiPP P WW™jfp£ W *P v afr <fp IP#
tko aaat *<£•? ia iairalopaaat.; fl* feig&aat tjp* ©f «aopa*«fi©a
it laaaaat, however. It -$»-;t» .Ma ,*a*i|r fw*wi ttat m child
loaraa "to tak# it" is roup »oti*ity, to develop iaprovod
•alf-eoatrol, . aa# to faia. fartfcar ia#i®kt \. into tfea • a««4c». aai
vi*h«« of #flM»*a* St aariEA'Jfca' ««li ttat •leaff vitfc t&a «oa-
oopt #£ »©ilw* ia relationship t© mm&m of. aolf i« developed
th« of tj*e «**!£« ia ialati©aa&ip %@ iki xm#4* of .
other# aa# to t&a totality af tit* «IUI,« environment.
ta rol*tioa*l*lp It w&at mill olilldx>«& choose oiteri
of tkilr paara '«*• to itaatify aitft otkava la U»lr paar o«l~
tm**, tbara kif* feaaa atvtytl ataiiaa which showed that eMX-
ii»aa tend to #*a*ttata toward aiailai'itiaa ia bmlght and '
wig-lit, dovalopaaatal aga, a«kola#aMp, »*t*o*a*ai©a, «bI
phy»i«*l achievement. ' ©a» etudy fcy taytaar Murphy *ad attata
(70) ol&iaei that ak£L«t$a tf ofeiriottii aMlify aad praatif*
aeesed to aaataia the ralaa ©f leadership. ifeaar propinquity,
or tkaan fa •efcoel or neighborhood, proved ia iha
•t«4y fey SartalNK**a aai May(42) Is It i #ataw»iaiat faet©* af
iaportanoe ia ohotoo of f*iaad».
loll injworth(46) ia a ataiy af axt*aaoly a«p«ffi©r «Ml-
dron found, howevor, ll«l auoh eMl4r«a woro aot ohoaaa a#
lMl«r« by a* rnttm mm mrm »©i»i*at«ly aa»
porior «fc£34s*»« It Is farUiai* egxeed thmt thm «MM afeo at-
taapta t# ltid fcjr 4®»i»ati0S la l*#a strong a loafler tliaa tit*
«Mli wko l«a#i tkmgl t*a#»w*t*a€tjit# skill, and tfca e«e of
«o©p*i?atia£ pvfstlplM* Children *fc» ***' geaaiaa laaiara, ' • •
aaaatttfaf-to ?i«©i*a<?f) a*a tl*©*a *&© hav® aoiia cclf-diaci-
pliaa, *a*» ***•?' of alwr trac ti on s &&4 recognition sf aoei&l
14«al«* ion mwmrmmm of «tl«v f**«aiiatftts*# ability to ptnr-
ama'®l$i«ttifaa •oa»£»t«atXy, aad to aw*»»#ta*t* iaaaiiat# to
B07« ttttaota gOftlt. :' ' tnvt*$i30) h*9 broaffct eat. tfeat mot mm aMMraa of «ay
gtvmm rnkwrnmlGgimml a$* mm of tfea aaaa iwalayas»tal if*.
*••• #f tfcoato But fit into airaiXafcla £*a«pi of p««ra, «*
tbl# « vbala Mi of probloae f©* aaak aMlivaa. Maay
of' *&•»• ehiMvmm. - wffw' a#op feollaga «r ' iafa»ia*ity' *ad' aay
feaeoaa aoody, - aay ratraat tat© faataaiaa, or attor aaiaaiyafcla
k&ifi®*. Ifemy flftai, #liajral»£-to-lcao* ahildraa fail t» flat
eonff«ni«l eaapa»ioa#kip la tk* amllafcls 'pa**'.<***»* • tfca
•Mli «ka ftmia a plaaa ia m eoagoalal 0mm will kaw mot
©aly aaapa&ioaaMp. as«' freadoa fraa loaaliaaaa' bat also - a» -
opportunity to % m m wwy of tlw loasoac of givt and of
•yapathy, aalf-aaataral# talavaaaa aft&ak aar*« Ma wdl
through adoloaoano* •*£ ©a lata adulthood. ' Vfcoa thase adju»t-
aaata ara s«4a» thar« ia »a«k batter pro«r»«ia aada £a tl»
sa»d*»io and la all pit*#** of tka sooial pursuita of tli« child,
m
*»4 tlio vlU INI wmm ia %h% development
of tki tn$%vt4ml. ffco oMJui wfco i«# %y utotovo*
oat off tmm Ms pear®, !• fptttag mmh %mm • t&aa
kalf of his soelai otaootlon; tl**t p**t of ny, iafiIvisual *•
oiao&tio& vfciofe a&lcoe feiia woat to b« !**» ot&o*o ia a «oao-
tyttii »o«iotir 1« t&« quality. of aatiafftotoyy istorpotosa*!
srolatioaa&ifa' mith ©tlio* okiX«*o»# onoafflt lilco Ua««lf tkat
ho £o#i*o« to and ie eapafclo of l&oatifyliif witk. £&»*•
ffcoro a*o «•?•»! ftpf!i?©aote« to tl» iSoa that tko ofeilS
vith faotiafa of iaiforiovity km- mot matured tteoiifii ail tlio •
ota£»ii of ihm d»velopm«ntal. j>*o«#8»«# la tfco B©i*«#1L pi?©#*o#-»
•ioa. For a. «fn#o*@£ yoar# th# child's aoif-oeitoopt ©* 14oaa
of. aolf-ot&or avo in a stag* of ooaataat «2ta&ffo
aai yo-iatogf-a t io» * ffeaa on« 4my tbit #o2.f*-«©aeopt sn*o##JBt«
itaoif to lis ao ft foatalt, tktl to, Im hi* awairoaoaa of it#
It iaat t&at moment vbm Mm ooaoopt of wfco k® if or *iws h*
ia not ovor-afcafiowe awrartkiajr •!**• If "tkoy «©»*% want m 0
ideas proioaiisato,. If ko himself as a •«i»#ar# oar. a
"dumb «#* or «ny otinsr of tko ehildhood stofootrpoo ao b»r4
to or«3P0oao» tlioa tko a#lf*»maaopt kaa osyvtftlliaoA... fm tko
tiao %olA£# and 9mx$%Mmg ia titi feklli** oxpoFioaeo ia is- .
tavpvatat in t#m» of tkat concept. Ivavytkiftf ia iatogi'atot
into tli# goatalt of *&• tot«JL personality ac<5 la towwi of tko
pre*>mxi»tiMg orgmlmtim of that gaatalt* Only a aoriae of
exjoc«B0fuI mM ilfforoat oxporiiaaaa aaa fojroo a*a~iato£ara~
tioa aad * ra-4#flaitio» of tko «tlf.
w
fva*ak05) ten •avaral thaoriaa v l i s l poatslala poo*
<S©v«lopaent*l I » M M « M f®* W is t rovata i individual.
Fia«*t{7») tot a *a*y datailad atmdy ®f l»?#lei»»i-
to! ef tii« t l l l l . »a I M «toN» %r • oarafal « M | r
• f *&a d«T»lopa#nt «f thm thought and w W axpraaaiaaa @f
tha o u i »t «hat «;•> tfea e*i t i«ai m i t H M ara tot*#4ao%a#
aat bov tlia i t l f a i of t«MH«itir *a*iaa to aMXdliood
play Inc. M « r t ( l 2 ) doaa mi n w U i t t J#fc #f laying oat tfca
aato rula» of tfca t h t t i ' t aaattoaal dairalopaaat *nd tka ana-
aaaat** ata*aa t k r w i l *kiali &a paaaaa ia kar aaaoiriptioiia of
tfea «««* mi tfea to«taU«H «f eltiia payolioaaalyaia. Evikaea
(21) few % wealth ef aa ta r ia l on th* i m l l of «f© and
tl*a aapa to vfeia* O l l l m t l i i f own aeoaptai i d a s t i -
t t a a . ffca afeaptav ©a tfca •&*** « l t | M «f m i to *a*y f » U
ion* «nd eoatrllmtas a i*aat #aal to tlia bioig-round of tJw
f tv l j r of t i * continuity cad aoaaiataaay la obild d«T«lop*«nt.
fttto M i a * a&£ aollafcoratora ( S©) kava f m m t t i aaat*
tfcat ta aaafeto ly par«oaa «killed to woarltia* atoll •bl l teaa
to tfca aatfeoda of *a-«l*aatto* aff©*ta to a a m »©««*« ••!*-
ooaaiataaey *loa*«k tfca aatltada a t payaliotliarapy and t&a
•ooio-dyaaaie I Y M M M I .
f a r tlia olaaarooa taaa&ar, tka book by l « l l taatofltta
aa« aaao«i*taa(25) oa gfrdfyata^iftfi i £ g m i i f l i f i lm M. I s m
i » i Qiria to a atarakaaaa of 4©*a~to~«artli i l l aa t ra t ioaa oa
idaaa of aaif~rafarane» aad «*©ttpaa*a i«aa« wM#k feoya «nd
| i v l « *rll«B«t vfean meriting with i l a l f paa*a to oooparativa
a
e l t u i t i o n s , t t e . v w r t e o f , X a y o * o ( 6 6 » i ? > # 6 » o « f t k #
M l M r t r o s f t o * n d I t ^ t r vmt*T9t*niiag © f w h * t a a l » * b o y # * n d
g - i r l « g i l <.ftlo*f t o g o t & o r I n p o o * • e r o w p » . fito » © o i @ « o t j r i o
i w t h o d s d « v « l © i > » d b y » « m a « r < 1 2 : » 1 3 > * a i £ o s a i & « « ( f t > & * • # c o a -
t r i b u t « d ; w m * % t o i l l b o d y o f k a o * n f o o t s a b o u t t k o e h o i e o
j j * e « o s * o s o § t * o : t « t « s l a p l i o o t i o a * within p o o * .
1 l u o b o f t h « * » * o * i * l p * o o o » t o 4 ill • t i & o s o oitd
3 r o o 4 & * § s b « * r » © « t flso p * « * i s o t l * t t k o i a £ t « £ 4 « f t l w i t h , a
p o o * o p i a l o i * . o f M a s s i f , v i t l i ^ 3 L a f o r i ® * i t y ^ f o o l - i s f * * w i t l i ; o
U « s o i f - o o m o o p t , o r 1 s o o o w * * o « q p n w tlio o i t n o t t © * , i s a
p * o b l o * o f f t o o t o o a o o v a . t o H w h h m i t o M t g g p v - a a i i f e i i n o t b o d #
o f i « o a * i f y i » # a n d * © * M » t w i t k p * ® M . o o s o s o s o * o I k t r e s p o n -
s i b i l i t y o f t M i l M v i « » i o l i f c o . l e v t & i o s o i f - -
o o a o o p t w m X # * m m ' k • € i f f o * o » e o i s * o f X o o t o d i n r » « « l t « o f
s * l f - * s * o s s * o i i t a a d * « o i o « t o t * i o f l a d i n g s . .
f t m & a a p o f B e n d i f < 6 ) i a i i o o t o tl»*t p o a r a o a s J U t t y t i l . i a *
t o * o s t o o o l o o a r s p * o 4 i o t t * o o f o o f t t o v o a o a t l o r s l : « k o » * p t i -
t u d s i s s % » t l s ' t f « * 3 . l . y feoM c o n s t a n t . S f t t f u r f ? } tmmS * p o a l -
l i v » # o E o * £ w m M p o o l f - o o o o p t o a o o : o f « « i f a n d : * « o o p * -
t a a o o o f © t & o * s . fits • e * i l o * i » « f t b a ftossor s t u d y ,«to*o m i
t o f o * a « l . s t o l l » o o o l o # w*% i » t w o o f tfeo o * i t o * i « a t o o t o
o f n i l d i s s e r t a t i o n .
I « r r ( U ) « s i a * t o t t o H ' s f a s t s * « a i • o l a a t o r .
t s e l u i i q s s s o o f u p t b o f i I U i i « f feypotliosost { 1 } t & o l a t i t f -
4 * * 1 i a a © * * * . ! s o s i s t y w & © i s l o o t i s t i v a i i a b o u t o n i B d i r i -
« a s l * s p o r s o a s X i t y i s f X w t m s i i a 4 i * ; t # * * X , a n d ( 2 ) t k s t ^
m
itaay iniii ©f pa-jraaaality e«a fe<i. *«lf-aaaaawMI with aafc-
ataatial validity, 8a faaaC aa?aa*y-fa«* ta**aat©f tfet
feraita ®f tk« «ff£«iaal ftfty-ai* «*aita significant at Ite ana-
«kaa«« fMrfcy-aaTaa aaiea aifaifiaaat a* th* .@1 %*m%
«f *l*aifie*ao«. Ia41f*iaala latMa #ti^r ***** p*a-
IwUft «mi t%U *a taaaytlw *feaa»al*«a fraaliatieaily a* aor»
productive; tltasa alio »a*a !•*• pveftaatlv* *l*o. w«r«. afcl«. to
iatiaata_ ikat tter *£# aa* - aeaalSar t&aaaalwaa . p w H m M m • In
t>eth «««•«, mm *aal£at£a.
l l w lr Ii©«lc**a(58) «i «i*nifio*nt ia sue««aa- .
fai aai i M M M M l k l U O i»fa*i®r£ty faa3»£a«a*
(2) £#a*a of aalf-iaeoapataaaa 4a aaaay ankiat, (3) iaiaalaiaa,
(4) fr««aaat •afeftrr»»aa»at la prapf# W iaaMlity tuagply
ea«*aaa3.f to «*hool war*. (6) laa* af iataraat ia •obool,
*nd (7) poa* baikilia* U t t m aatarial. Th««« aavaa itiai
all point «a £m£a**aay# *itli a 1©w ••lf-oono«pt. . ffcigr. $@ia*
fa-a *®saiataaay Wtwtaa aa3,f-aaaaa«*#at aa« clinio»l fia«~
iN* »• a*i«aaaa# %y fjtfftitl .
II **». tk* aaaalmaiaa at 6avrall(lft) tfcat aal#~*atiaf«
fitt a ylatara ef *ka iadivisual «a personality ai&oa
tka *ati»*a of raaaaata* taa* te point ap a«pa*fiaiaa kind*
©f %»feavl©;r and ia tarwa of ataraoiyfaa.
®jkaa*ajr*a pti*p©aa(90) waa t@ iavalat a «*©ap iaa**»aa»t
far *&a aaaaaraaaat af tit© aaif-aaaaptaaw aa* t&© aeo«pta&c»
42
* r ©tfc©*© « d *© r m l m U t m M p hmtmmm t b # * * %m w £ -
•HJNt te • v « r i » t y # f *iroup# wmtmg ttt tev»l<»9«l la©$i»ii$MHttt©.
* * » f r a t f « » • .-••!«©£i«i*© '*©l«tl«a*fc£p •©©•©tafcli©*©# b©t*©©n
»©lf-•©©•!)**©©• and ©oeaptsn®© of otfc©*«. Sit© wee f o l l o w a d :
% I«*f»*{?>»fc© ©oa©t*ii«'*©* i n * « & * # « f *©lf-»©©©p*«ii«© .
**# *«©©P**»«© ©t ©*&©«*» bvtl&tng l a r g e l y frontttfc© 5h©er©r .
• t i l w i t . §©*«©* found *»© f r o » . 36 t© - . 4 9 . f M t l t p # ! ? # ) .
*1»© *»#©« t l i# S&©p*©« w t t m v t * % • • w r a r i t * * tk© «*I t»y ioa t
d » « © r i p t i o » « i a t # mimpl# t© £©*a © .*«©»*l©aii«i*»
©f f i f t y i 1 « M f w i t * talf *k© l t©»« *»f©**ia f t© s « l f - a t t i tiide®
• H *•&#' u t t l t a i © ® t o w . r d • i t e m * M©lBty*©(63) ua*d %M*
$«#»tt©iia©ir© I t ©oKj*mrlt©8 v i t f e * »oeion®tr i% a©*!©© t© e i -
f l i i i I k R©*©ri«a . bypoth©#!© %hm% tfc© as# i n d i v i d -
u a l w i l l t o f t f t . - t o . l ev* l>©tt©r iat©*p«s*»©»©l rmlmt&mmhip**
V f t M f m w m aaafel© t© c o n f i r m t W # hjrpoth*Bi0. t m t , found en .
ir ©f - . 4 6 fc«tw©«n ©©©ip©* ©t ee l f~»oe«p teno© ©a* aoeop tane* of
©tli©*» ©* t fc t , A l U i f f i a » t r u n © n t v i t k © « « w l t ©f 112 ©©11©*©
*t i td©at« . . ffe©*© f i a t i i i i - M i *t*i* tfc© f t i l r of $t©«Jf<94)
wk© f « « » t t fca t ©£ ©*p2r©©«©« a t t i t u d a a whicii f o r a
tli© ©• l f -«©ae©f t | t i f b a a i a f o r iaf©r©ae© of «%t£-|iiA©« toward
Wv&ghfaiton©(96) t a © ©t«ijr ©f.©4©l©««©at© i a tfe© Wm-.
Tork S i t y s a h o o l * «•©« t©a©h©r'» ©*©•*•©*£©&©, f r i a n d a h i p
aea i&a t ioa© ©lit *w©»%i&tt»*is©© v u l l d a t a d &y ©a»ly©«© f r o » -
p a y e h o l o g i i t # , and 4«©«ripti©B» fey t©a«lt©2*8 . M l m q w r r l f t t t r * .
44
pi' few#. I k i t d«»oriptioa« and. rating# ©f p ^ t l «4-
juetaant i h e v t j • h i*h eo**«lftti©» wl t i i b«l»vior i##o*i|^ti®a»
i o r i v o i .fare* ©t&or 4«t*. ^ l i s »•thodoloffy »*« ft«*oscaftfc&t of
•aotloBft l «eol«il *d Ju«t*«at. of . f lw pupil# fcgr ccabinintf
i t l t f r w * ftoif~«o*«*ip t l v * potvmi t l i ty i imntto*? ft®* two
•oelonfttr la, t*ohniqu*s. '
. S»tt»Il(22> f o w l tfc*t «e&e«*&odi t i t t
f ind lag tfc» a*®» tli£»f» within tb« pdraonality «•- «*• f « n l
t j r ft f««tor i»* t ioa t*ohni$u«. .the terminology immnI im t f t*
• t *«y I# i k i t Wtlw»*» exist* ft «ya**f« ftt*m*ttHMi wtt&ia 3 m - .
sonal i ty oa l l f t i ft imp**~mg®, n S*. mt*r* to M M i of lioltftvl©*,
f«ftatif i f t l»l« i s n r l i l tm& tmwam., wlslok go *ogeth*r
H« fttat#* that factor a»i ly«i« do«« not 1©«# tli# uniquoaeBa
of t i i * isi ividtiftX *»* *•&)»* t i « t t i i» 4&41vi#k«i i s v ty** *
#«aat»4 by 11 ttaiqu* of i n t t s ,
' Di l lar(2fc), Htmtl0y(5l), *ȣ I f t l i t f f f f bald tbat fttti-
tudaa tam# otfcoz* »©«trft3fy i n a poeit iva i iwmet lm wit& i t i i -
twKMB to*ard .tfc» »«i f ftai t&*t tho aalf-ooneapt i n g t i t e M to
•»« 4*pfta«#at apoa tha ia<llvi4m»3. *• *«I«# »y»tftsu Huntlay'a
Kathod «ft« t© tftftt til# ftffftftt of indltd«£ CUaoaaS 67 fft i lnrft.
«pe« * t i l t *# f t « toward t&o • • i f and attiteAoa to***# otbara.
9* found tl i f tt tfc* aftlf-eoaoftpt oparataa i a a global fftftJiioa.
as# tSat i t i® ralated t© tba n l « o «y*t ta « f th» l a t M t i * a l .
$&•## atai loa ar« a l l partinant to tlia %m««t£ea us to i&ot ter
i t i « ««x*ai&o to w*o fOir#o««3.ity aeif-asaaesMaat and &ow
0
tkmt •ptmem&llt? is to ftttit«<#» te-
w»rd otlio**.
WmtiiOmm *• thi 4owi©g»ft»t of tt» ««lf-o©»ft#i>t lh*»«r
ia tfci* laYoattffttioa £* ft %*i#f <**&£«* of tlio finding#
©f *oftft«r©l»*a ia tfc# « m ©f «fa-f«i*kel4far» «ia©« tlio trtf*
cone«pt «9P«tffe# to fe# « ftxaotioa of •*© tatogr*tlv* mmtr
ftttisaft. Allpcrt<2) M i *£*««»*£ t&© thoory tkat '*#» ftfttiftfift#-
Men* fc#fia «• oaotteaftl ftfttiftfftfttiea®, HftfttC??) follow
tki» lia* of tfceos*it %y kill t&o©*y tliftt #©»#0*fa®t©* imtalli*
ftaoo if js*ft<*ti«ftl a<Upt*tion bat tl»t ooneeptttal thought **-
omit* through ##«ial£ft*t£os. of tfc* iatolloet, ©@©po*ftti©» with
other v*x*&m wmm&ttmg *t •ofriffia* w H *»# ft conmu-
aftl-it? ©f "«Ma£a§*. 1m iat©r~£»$©*a«*«© of tlw *©»*«&. I»f
inlk lal ®# #©«laii•»%£©» so«a« t# *# aa iaporiftat fitttr ia
tho «r»*tioa of iatollifoao© through #a*i*®8aft»tft3. atiaali.
/%% I SSHWBSSS- #%# MhltoMW ttlftt %1t# |i|#iil**tkf:*iii»ai
4*ftM« •*• oftllo* into ptmjr aim §©*&« feoooao aaxwa&iati* ©*
tlio aspiration lovol i« •© li«k fts4 tlio ••if-ooae#ft a© iaata*
quat® th*t it ia • tfcvaat to th© ft#©-- or tfc© favaoa** ftfeility
*nd iatofffity of tm*"!!*©*, tt*«« t©f©a»© aooh*ai»««
a*y acoount fit |i£f •*©»«©• %©tw©oa »©lf-©«%£»ftt© «ad lovol
•f ft«M©v©a©»*.
F«rt«f(U) «tftt*4 tliftt ia ft»y situation oao id f©*©©«
to £s«S. wit* t&© tfcftt th© otter individual M l i |
a® smttor how a««li insight oa* aay *«*• lato tha ©rrora of
porooptiea tkat tho otter p»r»oa Mar k»
44
Sopki»a{48) «tat»» %k*% %h» individual * eoa*
m*%m* #«lf mUimh i s tko eoator or t&o auolaua of MB poraoa-
a l i ty . IMa «4&f aoloota ottteida ©1i|««t** r#g«3U.ta* i&tir
«©awr*i©»# i»t«r»i»*# t l» mmm%- maM of «*itr§y
•xp»ai«<t:* •»!«»«••' IfcsaiJdariag til*** anti^ftio*. Hurt
an Individual pereaives hiaealf t© 1»# aad lw* |M' aooopi# vfcat
&« c*i foala ar» axeaadiaarly iaportaat im 4*t#rsiii»£»t
his of ' ' •
K<>rria(66) diaoueaaa tfe* jioraoa wli© gild# til* '!*&•#
plat**# of Mjs«*lf aad lga©r«*» g3.o#««* over, M i stiaiati##
• V 1 4 M M M I to tho ooatrary. H » » ooafroatod with objaotiva
«¥£#•»»• It*' m o r H to tli# dovioa' ©f doterai&iasi mmyteig t int
« $*«•$& «raa d© aaytMaf k waata at aay t laa. ' 8* aaaall3r
3N»#»«stiNMl »o real problem Mil im d i f f l a a l t to fcalp feaaaaa*
&• does aot #©sai«#F or adait Ukt IMP aaad* aay Iwlp.
l,yad(6l) atata# that t&a bunas f>araosall t y. mmmm th»
fi«its* of gmw%h, of raalisatioa of paawwaai -fN***** •#<' t&at
I t aaffara im «* MViYowMft* tfeat daaiaa ffr©**li oar fraatrataa
It arratiaatly or for raaaosa ©tfear than tit* aial lar aaada of
©tfcara for gvavtfc. His„aia* aritaria for aaltsral adafmaay
tfta aaad «f 1&* feuaaa faraoaality for i^tvf t l i t^ for
apoataaaity, mlmtm* *at aatoaoay.
Kott*r(35> atataa tlutt a parson's fca&avier#, maada, *ai
goals *p» aot iadapandant Imt fealoag in' functionally y«l»UI
syataa# tha aatmra at « M A £a datamiaad fcy axparlamtial'
atraatBria*. ffc# faetor *M<tli datarMiaaa t£t« salaotion of
4?
aoia of tokavl** la aapaataaayj that mxpmtmey ia #•*•!©?-
aaataXly aa* oaltiisatly iafiartMU M t!» «a§ #f' tlwi fffoaaaa ia
a fci<Nrtae&gr «# «a«M ly v&lefe tto p««9B itvito* fgjtttauub «ai
aaliaaaaa M » potaatiala, ,aa« aallaata tl» lat*iaai« ravarda
•f aaaoaiatioa with as*' raoofaltion fcy 'Ms #aa*a,'
Aaoordla* to I#«£3r!f69' y. 3) "fh» priaa naad of mi' ©*-
gaaiaa la to aaiataia ita aaatal. o**aaiaatioa aa a ami ft *4
whola. ofc|a#t of tka imtafyatifa foraaa #£ tfea ©3?*aaiaa
la lo p*a§#f*a nitr* jaarttaalairl.y oa t&a Mjrhaat fayo&ia
!*«*£»• ASl aaata a»|' !• of aa **lM£4ia»y to
ill* firiaasey aotlv*. .Aa witfc t&a ooaaapta of aim# ©*'$•*#«*-•
ality, wl^tittii aaaaot !»• ©%»***»« or wuwrfi ol*iaatiir#Iy
feat awvt IM lafa***# froa tha pattaraa of ©jpgaaiaatioa. *
Tha «las*aata*iati aa of a fasaoa m tka highest layala »f
lataaratl©a at* «ata*»isa« % kit atyXa of Mia, i.a.# tfca li-
41vt4ftal o**anl*atloa' #f liaaa a*6 attitiMlaa vHel a*a acquired
through a*j>a*£a»«a aa« whieb aoat*oi Da Miiaa* iatallaataat
functions. ifea aaaanoa of t&ia erfani aation ©f I M M aai at-
tltuiaa ia ita aal.f-aomaiata»#y. A pa*a@a «aa a»ly *o is oat
«i*a«ti©s at a tlaa, or fealiavo ia mm tfeim* at a tia*. ^ la-
ooaaiataaoy or aafci-raiaaaa raaaita la aoafliot '«t paralysla of
action.' Tha l«teTi«r asproaaaa tin affort to fea ooaatataat
ami aaifia# ia o3f#aaiaatioa aa£ aatioa. liaaa vfctak'ay* aaa~
alataat vitli $aat aapatlaaaa taa« to b« aaaiaiiata<§* t&oa*
vhleb ara iaaoaalataat ta»« to- W -jralaotat, fli* la parllas-
larly tww of tfca pasoa* «3mmm orsfaaiaatioa tea &*& *%.&>&
43
yattavafat w i t * l i t t l a opportunity t m %h* of I n i t i a -
t i * a . Ha tins# hasno W*y t@\§a m©r pay plan of action axaayt
alonff *fe© l i f t * * # f p:r*v£©aa «ati©a.
. I f , aa ia#©aaiat#at attitwft© ytaaaata t t a a l f vitfc a a f f l -
tS«i t «*faa«y# H m t $mm. n ^ p t e l i i i a f y**»axiat laf
attitudaa ia aaNtar'ta aiiiiia<ata ia«o»aiat©a#y. ami regain .
aa i ty , I f t to yavaaa i a capable ©f ia* i«i*t ©* i f lie ha* an
autonoaotia Xy© *&i#fc ia #alf«4ata*a&«£ay #atlia* tttt tatal ly .
«*#a* tlia «aafaa& af tka jtapav-tga# ha wi&l fea aft&a.t® continua
davaioping sad *©®*fa»iaiat hie axyaaiaaaa yattama along con-
t i aaa i l y iaaataaiay aallyirfcaa&ur t n w a i , ' I t , i a along .
tfea rati©aala mt t&Sa tfcaaiy H i t on©f*©»iaas tka aaMHMfcraat*
i a * yaiaaa, wttJi inaig-bt *a ia t i *a to M s ra~o*ffani»ational
capaeitiaa, witfc. tvpei»ay ooaBmaieation Iwtaaa* h i * and hia ',.
#B*lr©n»«Bt. I t i a , tliardfor©, t&a pwmlmm i f tfcia atudy
f l a t ya~a*taalaa4iaft atar la Hem tfc» frsfiaafof? ba^ia- ,
a i » t • i a tlia tiaw> a t asaaaaaaa «f tfea i»«i*ia«a3. of th* a a l f - ^
aaaaayt *M«h ba baa. Education holds ay t© th* iadividual tfea
«i«aa*;*4&f'« without aaking &%©«t tfca a a l & w . y * * * * af tfea i»#£-
vidual m Mm «i l i ta«aaa# ta «©««?% a©Mi»|r l a ta a ataraotypa
t fcw«& a proeaaa ia , w&ial* ha haa a© opportunity t© partioipata
bacaua© Jto ia aot *»«©fais*& aa- *a ia a* aa &• aaaa .Maaatf .
;taa*y|JA> daaonetratad ©a fe©*t* thaoret io. l *m& afc*tia*i~
tfcat iavaateriaa vara aat oaaauraa ©f aaurotio '
toadeney %at a i i ^ i y thos* « f *©«*t i *« atti%«4#« i a tfca nt*Sa««
49
a*#** a# tit9* Mm »u»b©r at attitudes i s
*its*ia s o m l aiepaataaay, t to pr®*«aee ©f a*«a«aivaXy
Mgh e* 1©* aaesas ia&iat iaat l f *l*t«*aaiial &£ p&z*wi*lUy
disorder. .Zf- i t i s *&a* tfta l*dl*$4ttal
atiitoaaa Mtbmr mm %mm- *m$m*
ilmm %h»w mw to
a t t e a p t t o maintain i t s f*%to«a. isay to
«a«lfl*4 toy removing ia<sa»aiatoat «r mtoaa&to 14#** a*. a tM-
to**** •
, I® artor to aaiaiataad tti toli»ftof< ©f :
&ey* *5* f i r l a vbm mxm l a f t mt m do aot to-long to t to groups
in ttoy ©i»*r*to f*©a Say to «ay, one shm%€ took 4ato
toalty'* theory(56) #f asiatiaaaAlty, H» a to to# f
- flia attoapt to asplaia aaatiaaallty in toraa • • *f t&» atto*i>t a t t to &xgmtmm to *a-issto*aa aa **«©» aaato wltli raaiatoaaa tmd tlraa to natotol* tinifioatioa aaatoiaa mi iapartoat t s U ^ i tot doea ' ••' aa tdaa l adequately fAUk tiia aaas a£ -avidaato iaitaatiag tto a*«*itu<ie «f affaativa ©fca-»**•»*. laatiaaa* vmmUm# to vm-lmimmm mUm , toadamalaa ef t to *r«aalaa tot ttoy m l ' a l to to aadaratoed a* jutoit i ta. to*!. apoaaaa wfciofe nay to mm *a&~«*a»tlv» ' totoviora Ytoa ttoy aapi&aiit Mgto* iatoltoatmal pr©lil#M#aviat raaatiaaa. • Xa4az» fayato^asiatia ooao«ptlon* of t t o satora of twmtttm gim a sa*&
•-*»*• eoaprtlumaive ylatova.
i»aa^r tolia*ad t to t a ttoroug& kaowiUdff® #£ t to organi-
«***«* &4aa* eeapriaia** «a ia t iv t iaa l mind wmm aaff iatoat
tmv t to *«4a*ato»4ia* of t to dyaaafe a t t t o t
a^wl w< *m aaatoat to I«av# to otto^a «»|>#aa%ati«tma #«i-
aayaiae toa axaat p*o«a«aa« wfaaraby ttoaa **UM<m*Mp* ax>«
50
aaooaplifl&ad. ffat tlioory aal f -eaaaia taaay pyopoiaawlod %
L«oky ia not #a£# to aaplaia. tagi&ifcf f a i t a a l f feat auggaftts
a aatbo* of ajHtlmlsiJUr tfeo ©f a a i a a t i f l e *aaaa*ali
i » ©*«a* i© pa*®ai*a tb« dyaaiiia ooafigarat ioas of i»4i*i4«al
p«r«oaal l t iaa .
f k i air i tarla of va l id i ty of lavaatayiaa w%*e s H t i e i z e a by
I n I j p wit& oi t a t loll to mm*•& axpa*i*aat* ahieh ahoved t&at
iavaataaiaa did aot d i f f a r a a t i a t a aif®£fiaa»fl.y fcatwaaa tfca
noraal aad <t|ia abaoraal. ' Ha ti«i£*f*4 t&at aagat i ra a t t l t adaa
oompriaa tfea flfiitfit Mm mvmMm# &t t&a aimor-
H i aad tfcftt M i aiffct 1* «ea««iv«l a t l a taraa of
dafraa tfeaa H a d . iaairotia tavaatoiriaa a*a aaid to
*aalXy sMi t t r t tfca aaoaat «f a n t i l v t feafcavlaar I f tmtmttwg
tka iadivtdaaai l t i a t wkiali abov tha hlffceat mwwmtmttmm m
t l » ak©ia aeaia . feaafey alaa t f i t S t l M i tk* kaMt t&aa*y mt
M « m i « , ! . • . , f l i t i f H i t l i U oould %a leap* I s a p»*€oai~
naat ly poai t lva a t t t t a # a fay tfca f l n t faa* or f i va i h m af
U f a , tfea ftaafa* a t l a t a * aal-adjaa'taaa* woald %a aa#3.1fiMa.
Ia tfcia aoaaaatioa, i t i a fcaiiavad D a i **#?*p«s£tivaaaaa,
l a i t « a l f , of tan a©*a*a aal-ad$«at*aaata afctak go avarloaMI
i a tha procaaa of iatarpwatatioa- af tfca approaoli-wltlidrawal
diobotoay.' to would tJsaa iadlaa ta a a©«^aa»ati&a
aaafeaaiaa l a an a t t aap t to daay tfcaaa afejaattva' faa ta which
faa did aot s a u i t e r t o fea i m ooaaa:raiaf k£a aim paiaoaal i ty
organisat ion.
2X
tk* theories py#«#33st*4 la t&ia study wi l l teo&* crat t&o
iowoi4f«MML. t*o*§# whioh »*y tfc»t a ohlld <3«v»iops liest and
with of ooaf l io t *&#» sow ^rofclowr***»: .«t
ttot £*©£•* t i a o , wli*n tlio gtoooiiag %•*«*!**:. tout fcooa' to*# .
*&i wlroa the amittrittf aoooopaayia* tlho 1»aming iweooooi! ha»
brouf&t *^owt tfeo oaotloaol '.--c:oa©<}iit«a:$»: of oooaraaoo «ai -
A- f t # l f » f of buo««0«. f&o. o&ild aaat f#w«lei> Mo mm w*pmx~
to i r© Of OOllitiOBO. H» tOai# to OOlOft *»£ ^ awoi<§ olt»*ti©i»
on tfco' fe*s£* of Ma ootiaoto of M# ©irao&ilitio*,,: Learning
I« oa aoooafoayia# •»# naifylug- p*o*o«» -'wfcooo - foo l I# an # t -
t i t a i o imm trnm ooaf t to t# ffct aal^oot a*»t foo l t&«t fa«
liiro# i s • ata&lo. oaf iatoliifcifcl* oawisroaaoat fa- whioh lit
)MW wfeat to *0 **i Jiow to 4o i t , oaf Mm * t t i t « « # o f ooa-
fidoaoo. *»£ .ooirtiaiaty i* oapposrtiMt l^r t k i* oonviotion. I t i«
^ tfcto point t l * t w« ««m nay t&mt loayalag aatf £*owtfc. #&o«l«
%o MI %ot& «yn«3ayaou* saft punXXtX. in tfeo Aowoaof*
aoat of t&o ehi ld .
' fi»oa t l » t&oorio# of 8n$rgg « • ! Coat>«(9l) one finds auoh ^
t&*t oJwraii o l** i fy tlso aa^owitaitoliat *» to how a- person toaos
to- »•#*** Maoolf *• ft " l i l l w * o* "laooafotoat* m to io«
woio? m #•»»# of Mita~fcoloa#ia«aoo«. * .flMi psfcoaoaoaal .*olf tm
a toxs <«•** % tfcooo authors to tfco oolf-ooBoopt- tiro**
poiia4of by L»«ky. Th»y pramiM! \
- For t l o ao«t of no, t&o pl»aoa«ma|: aolf wo -iowolop fii a iijroot oatfrovtlk of t&o oul tura l aa t r i x of o«* jMHNmta mi- oariy cuo^Aiaiic. 31M #owolop»i'atol tv«NI i* «*i i t o IMI f f e a £oaov*lis*tioa
n
to ' Mm mmitimmimg -tl«ur mm *»€•* tl»» vrntm* wtgrnftm. -®# ~
- pJwnomoa*! £i«&* fc«ooaw> wet* di*tiaot. f&# •ftfittsl «i ff«3p«Btt*tl#aii ml* Isy tit* isfsst in tii* #»fi»£t£o» of iti# fluid "*&©»« mm' coao»rn#d with %&» if jtolf f*©* lit*. . r«»t of t*» fit!*; ' Tfc» ohild *« tiopjUmftiM*' #t tl#• ttt9%ntk%, ' i&iimoat&oti# tMiAI 'Ift * ol*ar*? «M iHm# ilff«f^ti*t:i©» tots*#* tl» pby«i«*1 «#3tf and r««t of th# «&*!&» Tlii«
©# «»lf fro® th» fioU aty a«v«r r»««h * «t«to of fe«ist£ *¥•«. £». t)N> a*t*M adult.
8#oau»« th# iafivi4«*£ iff ia«N»j>®:r®&l# fft«e'fc£» -fttf&i* fco
au»t to f«»l H»1 M« ••» IK* • «•**• of
•S9*ttiia» 07 of «#lf or tiM> WUl •§••<«# ©f kl«
sosr© i*o#iti#ii ia iwttiaMf @£ Ma uaivarM Imnmn**
iMiiiii ii" m'm* Mr ' i^inf' M lin 'MM r fy- •, m, anft w i k
MM 8® Ml* ,
' [tm %h» %l%9wk%uw tsmm tajrff *** &»b«C9X> #. 217>' i«
found tfeo #*•• #f 8®i*r. f&i* p««KSl*l«' tl**t of atft&y of
th« r«tar4»<i eMldX'tts U *&» aliil* ffra6*s in '$&* vmml «««*
3o^*#tiii*'tia»» In rMlS»f, It 1« wif'
i t | in t&e ftaoottstit of aha* bappen«a to B«f«rt
' Wfean fio^ar #ti«ri*# *• r»a4 l» t&« flr«t ***#•» ' $1* MrUhmm Imgfc&i *ii«v» fa* *ada ft ai«tak» mm*. .
to %mtk *% hla «iatakae vhaa nana of' M* *•*«&•«* «•**•*$•# tfco ©t&a* cfciiaran. TM* oeourr#d i» »oyo th*B tlto ffsdo. ' Uog*r'%% first liimf ©€ wltfc fl^ai mtil l» 9««««i r rof«#od to vo*d itMUl Miy soy*. ' Staeo hhk- Imi *mm&% «vo» »o«4 S» 4i«|.£lHNR 80I&P0I «at )»• to pr*o- -tiaally Im»' f«NMMK to to U onwy #«/• -mi iNilfof ,UMt Imp «m lMMm « %s*£j§* «nC lio
' :lN»l.£*T4Mi ildt, •tfMM Mft fr«n *ay thiaklnf proo««a«« *ad f« prot««t« Ma froa lia-
m.
th» account gi*mm m&m ©f %h* 4tewrn£&pmm%£k /$m*Typemam$. wi.tM
auola «»«it»»ta»l as - "Hi* par»ata im&» tMap •**? fo* Mir41
. . '.*§•»* &£ tmiSMwm" . . .*h» §#1* almost , . .
gir*n Mm tin* %%mm %%m% hm ia , . .
"refweed to "S#* fci* **l5« -tb» to th« oity f i f e * '
of few Hmmoi mthme mvmmmt'ky ia-
¥fc» sell* i« ife» ©©ye of lM^irier. It i* *&•
s«lf &« tkHH iadivi4aal If it is tb» oaXy self
itet a pmm&m 3@a©w§t be ant#* <S«f«nd wg£ aaimt&ia it m mttmr
Iunr St **y to* tto jwn*®** awl 1mm *
«ioo««pt of iM&f in ord®ar to "bmimvm *sy difttoiMMfty* I t is
l»«?t ©f fit* purpose of tl*i» «$*#* t© i*ar t« ftr*iv« *i noao
*•*%•& »0lQEio« .«i#»afi)»'t «f tfc» orfsmia-ation ideas wtiMa tin1
©f individual# wi*& an of the .jM»*tiai~
9tMm mmi ««M*v»i»f®st «f Dmo*. laAlv&twt&i in ©*4®* 1© wmmv
tttixi m pmmm lwh**m or
9$9%*m mm&&mtmt"ky **t& his ®a?fiimi««Nt -
la %hm light «f tto $fc*o*y «4s »a««t SA tto pnNMdllftff
pmggtfpl^ two qW«etIo»* a*® <l) low t# -Um •«if-
ooa«#pt 4ov«lopod* *od (2) Wiiat iafXu«n«#e «heag»a ia $to
mgm.lmti.rn mi tk»1 #«if»#on#«ptf
How 4o#» tii© "grow" thl* m#Z.$"mmm$t of M*f
ffe* orr*ni*ati<Ma »f fel* ft«ll #f «&•*!«•»• i« itteflVlMMI If
CHI bi«««lf# hl« p»tt»ra of mumm pmtmti&1 mt Msrtfc, (2)
H
"ill© of an a «reis#ss o£ aolf lfeiiSKP** (3) tlw ©stftfe-
&lfl&SftHR.$ Of JMai&tiolUrtlipS ISt tMdH #Olf""©til#!? 1 t&»
•*« «•&*••«»»* #f tl* mM tfc*o«gk t&« tlft*-*****
an« sitaatiomftl. v«l*tl«sftfc£p» iritMn tlio fi«M, fJ) tlto <*ora-
or £a*o»p*»*«a*»» «t t&» ijmftai® **fc» •*!#"
tlupomgl. • pvmmmm ©f i»tft|p t£©pt. {£). tfe# teiM-
ia* ©f • t*tm of mimmmm t&r©«#l* i«©i*t£fi<**t$oi*» ist*©~
Joeiioji, *ni t&» pwm&rvmttm- of fcaiaa®# topo&fea**
«»i in*»peiwi«Be«! until natoa©^ or i»
fRWfr-' i« ih» ©r#aiil.«mti:©a of flan aolf-
eono«pt? In tlse llto*»t*iim fan* fcom*l*f» mwm to be indicated;
(X| potoatial energy p*Ww* ©f tfcft imiivt«i*«l or kit ©oneti-
tsttattftt oMtowaft&t, <2> twtm. tin* £i#li to <**»»'«••»
©*#*»!»atl©a of tk® «ftlf*-#©»<i«ft, O) tof a*©# of tptof#*
n«l %© aaiatftiii tti a«&**«oe#»i*, «m& U> tol»p»|iw le3N^ ;
*hieh »©#ifr m$ mAmm *fc*
f$t» of ooffipln»f «r «* f**- •
eoaelity wit* it* i#«®tffyia|r »a« #i»ti»f«i«3*iiMr «liftifii«t0*i»tieft
would l># la tli# *rliel# by p. %&$}. -li#
*mtiat*Um ©f a«Ja«tM*at 1» «g»ttta* «1m( £* tfe« aoxftf mo it
£*» ai*fa»t» ##£*•* of *©»i«l oo&fovsttgr* to «€*pt
to « wti« MUMP* «f tMlil; to fit in.® t&« *#*?•
tafellitar of « jpft3?«®ft i« »» taporfeaat quality ©f t&o total f t f
aoa&lity. . It i* t *o»t lapertcat mlitgr -of *»r »•*#«* *&o
1* Im&Mim •* «olf-«©»e##t «t tfc# ««m« tin# tfe«t &» ft* tuttag-
pmrt la group aotiirltioa ia tit# olatfirooa ia tl» stMU pilw
ia a typiaal African aoliool. It tliat olaaarooa &• is f i m
witli two conflicting- rolaai tte vtU of lioia* fciaaolf and
tl» *©!• of fittia* t&* atorootyi*# of tftw idaal pupil ill Ml
Anarioaa ••lute},. Bain* an ls*al pupil tft «ft«» an antithesis
to feaiaff a uniqua MtvMwftl, fcaoauae •* tlii* iKwtliUnyi
baing m iiaal pupil daaaadii a aiaiaua of autonomy, %ai»# *
aalt«« IMiTilta liaitlt a aaalaaa «f ««t«Mgr, fffcnt mi in-
dividual fitlf o*#r aad svit *#ai» froii day t# day **•* k*
do** aot fit tki aoid and U«l %• will m% feaooao * part of
tha aituatioa util I* Iom ooafora, be mtVumt fcaeoBaa a
Rogar and teftlM -Hart fca is not wortk whitm m %mmmi a
problaa ia aanaga*ant for H* taaela«r* And If #l»»«r®oii
t»*#li#*f do no* fcfc©* w&at lit llttt mm afcoat biaaalf, tjfeay
bmm a poor afeaaee of telfiitf Mai to tail# m feattar aalf»«©»-
ttpi or «f bringing imto tfc* «f|ttittti«i of lilt poraoaality
« fcatto* «jr»tmr*f y«1«««.
irlitlM to pmmwnm from tha tilluf or tfe*
iaaadiata aaviroaaaatal aitaatioa afaioh affaot, dataraiaa,
or otiorwiao aauaa ehanfa or ra-orfaaiaatioa ia. aolf-
ooaoo t arai
1. fraaaara to ooafoimt Snjgg aad Co»ba(91)
2. Stataa iaplieationa:
a. Xdaatlfloatioa with pajpoataj Irelli»li(l5)
1. Liiaaaaa a« a dataraiaaat of aaXaotioaj
fiadl*?{33), Suatad(41).
54
•• Group .#roo«##«s «• d«trriaia*at» of rol»a &ad
4. #3PoaF. #tCUtg*M* of ©fl»#«i Fl«41«r(33)»
Jte3a»a««»C45K
mmmtmet ttaftf* la »»lf-aono#pt *t ov©rt
'' *»4I «ov«rt l#**!#, fa 4£y*«tiefe» la **«» •
•pons# t« #wmmmhm Dill»r(26).
• ' 4 , « f f m i l i a r # ! o h * » e « I t a © f f * t i T «
m% mmw* .
*. 5. Xff*#-! ©f tlnwatt 4«p»a<!©n©«> f*pf«t
Bro*n(l6), Bollo(4).
6. S«lf-aifflik«ai Brofib»ok(l5).
. Sevvsml, %w%t€kmm wfmt %m 4m£m#t*m mtuhtnism m w9»q1u~
tlon« % wbiali %&• £aiiv&#MA att#mpt«. t# hit ••If-#©®--
oopt «al fci« bolmvlori . . . .
. 1. $Mm of t© »xj»iifcim to
• aelft Lorr*a«»{60).
2. a«£p*#*#t©m *£ ,
3. Signa ©f i#j»tNMWi®a to ©f
S*ll«{4}» Choflorkoff(23).
.4*- **• "halo" «a« it* «»• in a»f»odiaff or a*intaiaia*
*3m» Diii«r(26). . .
f , SMt&ityv *MM*i othor*: F*o*»(36),
£ill*r(24),
••YtsiX *rtiel«s to tin* faAMfmt&Mi £©*«•* of ti»
Mlf, f©r««# Ai«k «©»* frai o*?#*;!*®*#, tho
57
p«r«onaiity, and f r a a»v • t ismi*t ioa froa tha •aYirosswat
t n iaeludftd:
1 . Unr«»olT«d confl ict «ituatioa« i n oa*iy aoelaliafag
iaf laaaoM i a ifet familyt »*o«fcaoltCif). '
2 . IaoIc of idairti f loat ion with payoata t Brodfcaek(15).
$• ffco fotoo^tmal ptfoooaaoat Ruls«iist«in($7).
4* f&a la4l¥i£sal*# valu® «y»ta»t P i l l©r (26) .
5. f&* attitm«a of aoif«w©*tli* £>ill«:r(26).
4 , 1&© a t t i t a i o of aoooftaaeo «kA I1» MXatiosMfcipft to
4o*»l©j>ia* isatfi its Soman (74).
?« flio a t t l t a i * of • o i f - i o w t f *©*w06) .
#• iooliatta of i a f o r i o * i t y i A<Jl«r(l), 8eni«H49).
f * laai f l t t and salf-und»r«tandin*:
* . laportaa®© of «»if-uadaratradings £o§o®»(
* • ?o*o©j>tioa of m p i i t of o t t m t ragat* l (29) .
o. 0pf«n«ait |r to «valuat« golf vitfcsvti U m i to
t i l* l | 8 1 SOO#MF
i # Att i tato# towartf otfco**, «£tli • • I f -
attitaftoas » i l i a r ( 2 6 ) .
W # wp^mam of mtmxlml trm tk* ?oa£tago on tfe« MOf -
fc*i»ta to tiio tfaoory 4ovolopo4 l a H & * giaaorfcatioxt
wm*% wight to aoaelaia t&at tlao ty*o of aalf-coaeapt whioh
a p n a i baa mm mm *o o%«at©« wit!* tko t o t a l S*o
f b * m mm aaay i f # f t o « m © » afciafc a*iao oat of Urn §m*w*
aot ioM of fft* ia«lTid«al a i t * U » aii*i*®aaaat. Tkoao
ft
difficult!** in tit* iovolofaoataai j>*©#o#*»a aay r»ml% In
a©a-iat#£*«tt Q», is feohavior pat*o*»«, ia ua-
aooialiaatiom' of tfc» iasii*i«a»a,,, ia ooafllat» «&$& otii®r«
la iaio*p«**©i»»l. apolattoa*, ia looa of **» frfcSfSftfc'«r int#-
or ta forma of 413. *?• damftglttg **
i&o and p**%:Uw» • to all: ymmom wlm 4m1
aitli tlat ia<t£*l#8*I in bis «pvi»eBMKt*l miMm. Buiilor(ie)
**$* *k»* poo* 14*** -mmmmimg in •«v»r*l typo# of
oaotloaal #!**«***•«•• sad ataladjustiyo befcaYior pattorno.
KU**Ut) ,*t«*ltort** aaay of tfc* «iff£«aitlo* tocf tbo praado-
l****«t -I# M# towajr* «*tlMK£4ar y**ttl,ttat I m M*
f*o2.ia*» of inadaquaoy la hie .**3*ti*ft*felp* with authoritarian
figure*. Mft»low(64) sp#aks of tho a»tli©*it*tf;l*a eiiaraotar
•tiraotw# ** baing- to**** ©» th» idee tfcat eso'n «ftf©ty li*» im
©a*1* ova *t*oa£tl* end tfcat •trang-tli oeaaiata la til
p&mw to ioataato. Tha iaoiritafclo parol*, than, -«f.£ftt*9»
p«*«o«*i **3.*ti©»»Jii$»# betwaan authroitarian fi urea and «&11~
draa witfc ***Jr **lf-*«»**pt* 1* to further «•*«*****• fferl
ill? itm& .
»®w*or|§9> »t«%o» that t&« typo* of oontrola *i*****##«
i*tt« of tte* #•***§* olaaarooa r»l»for«» «#rt«l» type* of **-
aistiva behavior pattarau. ffci# plaaaa aitoii of tli* wmwm#^
MSity ,t*y aI«*guiia2»«o of eartain type* of profelo*# oa th«
l**k <rf aatonrtaatiaf of ofclltvos'a profel*** &y tlto 1*17 f»o*
f***l«a*i. paopla wit© murk with thost most #loi*jeiy.
n
H«wtie»3f3r<?2> ~ v«« «©»©«ra#4 t te effect of failaar®
ot tlire«t ©f t© t&e ovfcl«*1si©*i- of s e l f . LGrraBoe(60)
brought oat t&at f a i l » © ma '*& atteagpt
of tft* i»iiiri<i«&3. t© adjust tMe aolf-ooasspt uaftoi? tfcroa|#
Sogers(85) rl*%«8 t&tt* «xt«3Pa«l ©valmatloa is&;r represont a
tlis*oftt $0 « posaoa'a concept of Mwa^Uf* states
t&ftt ao aftttor wJsat t r m » of p&vmptlm. « p#5?&<ni i&| h&m*
m wm% m&t niti* %h» swttttp of Mm tsmm of mimmw#.*
ttorris(68) 4«*l* witfe ae a §*£«•*&*» ^e&aaissu
F«nloh«l{20) fool.# tl&t another itoktt "I© tfe* sftiif-oomeoft
• ty ** « ooatlmifttioa. of imw of pftroats vhem
mm mt «o»p3.#t« *s i tfco map**-#*© *£•«• «*• *«-pir©l«oto4 into
tfao W&XMWt bmMmva th*t #11 kiad# ®f i i v l l i
of ft«pi**ti©ii M*W «» « ttewkt to ft p#*aoa*s *Ml£iy '
*»t f«t#*2?ity, bringing- into plftjr wlMMii—it to psrotoo* tlift
* S|i*©ai»|t5^ atfttft*' i t e l roaotioa fMnttti*** are aa
• f ft** o# tfcft »4fo t© **t «osfi*siftti©s wmm %bm to ^aia «f*
fftfttlon..
Kioin(55) _ tM« £»nerality of «oafi4*»«» «&£•» «
• l t u t i o a ©f ftttittfti «ffo-iavolv<m«nt t int eoafl4*B«#
*** ft&ftt*# to t i» **««*• ot %h» urn* m m m m mrnmm m
mm time *»jr fc* w i l y mUmm « t *«n*ft«gr «** »MM*r end «*•
&*«•* to *&» %mmkt *t another t l m %1m? -mm- to * a**sur© of
*a»i**tioa mm Wm **l*U4 to Mm personality %t %hm
60
£*dl(S3) a*d» *afayaaa» t# dliaiplia# profelMs la eroup
«ituatloan: el»»«rooro taaafeava b m I »©t ©air wmm lat&vt*&g*
at th» individual ohild, feat «£•<£>•, toaoal»dff* «f £roup p*yeJi©-
lHiftl mtrelt. Group aitaatiaaal. *aalyaia «mI4 h®Ip t&a
alaaas«M«a ta»eli«s? t© flal aai w v k throtsgit mmm? of fear craap
aad Individual psofclaaa. faaal*»i?a aaad ta tea* &o* lnitttll)
within t&« paar group ayavataa. fltk lilt tyya at iBm&aif**
tiiay aaaM *a fcatt#r afcXa ta aaaipulata groupt amaaaaatttlly.
Howard(50) fcallawad Hat ilt poor handling at agfiraaaiaa
«al MrMUkftr laad« t© aooial balia-rlor j»attai?ae tkat ara aat
aoeaptafela %«t t&at wiaan taaliag# a*a aall liaadiad gravida
tk* iylvaa that M ta *aa& aa«aaplla:h»«»t la a alwlXlaad
world.
*la*at{7W) g*a^@»a« iitt aa. aawlyoaaaat fraalla ta
tfca iawalapaaat laaladaa eloae adjaatamrl at tk©«£&t t© that
af attotf* and tfea vaalpraaal. foraation af faXatlaaalilga at
p«rapaatlvaa ifelafc iaaura t&a poaalMllty at a eaapaiatlaa
featvaaa tfea aMli la t&a taaaa at all tkl»|i wfelak a*a raal
to *fta aad t&a attar aeaatitaaata la tl»« fltli, Warn p*aeaaaa»
at i n aaa*ient latalll*aaea fail©* tfca aaawr lava- *• atka*
avaXatleaafir $raaaaaaa, Tfca dawalopaaat at mmmm fail©»§ t&»
aaaa U w t aaaa aooial Ufa arafXaatlwa thought kita laaa
8arrall{19), aeaearaad « 1 U waiflatolXlty ia tfea flftfe
t*ada, tawsi' Itel tfcaaa eMiaran varyla* tlia aoat la aalilava-
aaat aaaa to !>• ©a tli« average tha aaaa aaXaatad seat
m
W **•!* t l u m i t M **- i i t i M U i t#r#oa* t# t tvk
m4 pl*y with. Tbooe *a:ryia£ th# M*t «ad tko«« vtxjrftaf t&«
i H t i l a #£9' M t witli,
t© j>#¥i©m*l.tty t*#t feor»« ea t l * CBltforaia f a i t of Paraon-
£JJ&£*
f lal€s(24) « U U I t&at axtrama groups i i p^r»t#*fcl • fc t l t ty
as&©wit« ilff#***#** in *mmm ©a '
wbieh ** tfea .01 ! • • • ! ©f . Hi a
«MPk **» »!«• * t «£• ftftfe. f**6* . '
fFaaliaCJ?) found tfcrt fMri&aapfaNmi* MtanKUw la an »x-
e t * wl«4aqptfttlMi •«*%**£** In * fa i la** of %k» ia»
capacity ®f tlw» 9**twMlAtjr . , . a 4i*iirl«£*fttlo8
. . •». raaaltlaf t*m immtmMm Tmyumi. thm tolaraaoa of U i
individual. 1 l i « fcaa I1« lapli«*ti«afr f«ap * oloaar »*a$y <**
ia»t*a®»* #f vildritaHriUur 1Ntite?l«r on Il(» $*r% of sMXtswa in
th© ai441a fradaa,
Z«l#a{$7) founi t l a l Ik i ««• #vi#»a% la tlt«
««#• .fttvit****** thay *•«*• %v#*-#(gM (iii«atoi'3r« and h&& a
tel« #f p&m&iiivm tumHrngm, mm m thmm fill# would -
W fa l i aa with &ymQm&**(95) idaaa afcout #«f«a«« aaohaniea*
y»fla«tiaff tit* M f f m m m %*fww«a ««lf•-••tiiHif• aa* i«**l *f
. S«fea#it#i>a»a{89) #t*t*§ tfea* aaslaty t »o l l %*
olaaalfiad a* « y»*#ti©a to social praaaaraa ratfcar tkaa pr i -
aa r i ly i a t ama l oonflio-t, floatvllatlat t© t&» pp©##ifcl* **ol*
#f - w*pvmm*& iaoral obligations i s t&» • t le iagy ©f naurosia.
62
AlX9*»t(2) 4»i«»1Wi m§m *• ill ooafllet » | 1 m of
tfeo Utal po*«©aality. It la tlio refloa In villi filit J*«*~
aniti amrt- !»• *a«o. ffcMi« proooaaoa *y *bieh ooafllot# «y«
r*aolv*d and *y vfcl«)i tlio fataro 1* fcrowffct f « m H poyofco-
logloally ««i imimgfm'M wit* *&• p®mm* mm feo oallo#
p*oooa#o*«* lotto symbolio and aoa-«y»boll« fcohavlor •««§
about tluroagl* aafcataatlaXly tfco «aao ooadltioaaj loifc aro
wimmi oJ£a4aptatloa.
flioao tillage which affoot tli# nlfowiHyt vlU *»o#i#
aarlly oarry ©to* lat© l«lftTi«y aa« attltuioa la group r»-
latioao. to tills ia»t*a#at y«NMM porooliro tholr atataa la
h U U m to lfe«lt poor* la pvoportloa to two oloaonts: thair
ova »o#i for roeofmltloa aa4 atataa cat aeotoptaaoo fcy othara
•si tfco opportunities ifftrltl thoa to aiapt -to aad praotioa - • - * • , - * "
roloa la *oXatloa#fcip to othor &roup aaxabare.
Rog-»ra(85) ItiltvN Itei aolf-laalffht tsoaaa tfco togroo
to wfcloh a poraoa undaratands kia owsi aittiatloa m i profrXoaa.
Ha aiato atatod that a ahiXd'a ha# hooa foaad to
ha tha hoat prodlotloa of lit la tar ajwlaikt.
. fho profcloa of leadership rolaa wlthlm tha poor oultura
of tlio pro-a«oloa«oat la a frav* oao. llalr<10) atatoa that
yoalataaoo to ataXt authority 1» oao of tho pro-a#oXoaoo»t * a
prlaelpal aouroaa of diffiaulty as# tlio oauaa of aaay of tte
laataaeoa of profclaa haharior. Howard(50) t>oXlo"roa tttt whoa
aaotioaa aro oxproaaod In aaroaXlatlo w*ya that drlvoa aro
63
«imnnal»d lm%& uasatiafylag tit* ##*#©* i* aon««-
««»atly ***** sfttiKfiad tai tJi« »yst«a ia en«r*i*#<| «»tU th»
patt#*** ©f Vaiiavior %#*#»• oi****!** aa* ©aiaaaptiva..
RedlU3) b»li«v#s tfeat **» **©«£ ftlimat# i» *a tapoyfaat
£*#*«* is *&• situational %wmv%mm% of any Mladju»ted eMl~
**•«• "«• mttiffiM **9%l*Ml &•***•»
**©«!> *»*&•**, identification*, **UU««* *© I**«*r~
mkip taehaique*, « m p «»i Individual pii*jm#«a, eoaferaiiy
•*«/•* Mm#m$ b»twm l*ad** ata&dard*, oult«r*i 1**»X ©f
#*®«p *©«*«» mm pfiwii i»ali«*i©* «od«« *f gveitf *•»***». If
tlM**. titiag* a*a inportant ia ill* t&arapy wl%& a«*b»r» #f
tin .«•» *«**3UMr .«• <*»»
t***fc*» 1» aay ola«aroo* #*©* • «ia*i»«*stt #f pttf*itisa.
*•«* fit# point* *oytl*y ©f notation &**•. fit#**
a** point# wfci«h a*# oftan iadiaatad a* «*«*•* «f ©la®»rooa
•limt* disturbance*.
i. •«*• or «*Taral insist ©a fJNMtp **afU»tlitf
•fctiftfft**!«»••
«« *1* «*«»P i**d** ttpoa iroup ***fli*t£ttg' «tU»-
faction*.
3. » • group, m partiv *f 1%, **• axp©*<»d
to ©rents predtiaiii* **»ti*a*l ©onfllot, »*
la*««tyi^r.
4* «i.*t*k** i* l»*(S®rahip t»0lmiqu»« «iii *«ftfll#t* ;
5. VHUrtalfM in tfe* oonatruetion *f tl# fve«j» pattarns
•t«»« aoafliat.
64
All «f tfct«*. point* may oa*a#« disruption' of m&&*r&T&
mM m *rrm*t3Lng of Haw %*mmtag preM**M fo* ©itfea* Sail'vi#*
tt&la o* tli# wliol# #r©nj>, f&os# wfc© fcaro iSevolopad *§® sta-
bility *111 tmwm problems wfcan g*©«j! lat«i>a©tl©ms «** 42*Hnlwt}
tho»t *&® «*• maatafela ©r who do aot hmrm ogo mmmam»• trill
h * V » t & » i * W f i « l E 8 # # # * * * « * # a t a a t 0 4 a n d W i l l % O 0 O « O ® § « * ftaS
a o r # # i r p * t * a # o f f * o a p .
flo»e*ifco» » #it««tlo»- * M « f c p e r m i t s . t h e
o h i l d t o 4 h r * * & « 9 * e o a a i a t a a t f t s s t o f mtmvm*** , Wm *i+*~
a t i o n i s « l i « l t J b # c h i l d fe» s a y s , w # l * @ « 1 4 p l & o e # » -
p h & e i e o » i p e & t t s t i t i 1 a n d . * • s o t t o % * s t l s o o & ~
• t r a w l a » l i ^ w t «s> o f e a o a . . . a a 4 s h o u l d a a l r i * < i a # * t i o ® ® o f
s s o h a d M l o © * r o u t i a a a i i f e e o r v i o a t t o t i t # f o l o v a s o o o f fetffely
aad Bpoiitamooa* i»t«r-peif##n«i yolatioaafeip*...
Saofc e$*«wMt«MMMi wotild porait ill m& i»v&XGpmm%
of tli#' fNsyoliolotfoai t®#ta»o»», tlia iatoraaliaatioa #f «©»-
lv»l«r aafi tl*« twiiwl, i»t®ff*tioa of tfco aMy *f g«3*»Qaaiity.*
titoi»oa^3f) jatato# that *ti» iatolli^oiit «#o of aat&oyity
providoa iMMtvitgr »K protooti're ooatiroi . • . aa& Iies a
vallt plaoo ia Hi tJMur«iMM>tift 0«&@ao.9 I t 1* pnoiMMl feara
flMt any*;. •tawnrooa «)»o«14 to tfe»rftpp»tl«« Vfemi it !• aot it
loooo t!s« «ff»«tiir®a®## of asy ©tlioy pmrpm»m vfiiofe .4 St.; might
liavo til tfco odaoatlvo proooa««
h a a * t a t o < tliat t&» j > # y « © a * i i t y mxlm'tolm
of aalf-li&iat o#' aolf-diali fctag it iM pisa«i. tofttay •ayty
i s ,
•oeialiaation o*porioaoo« t l l i l l s tlw faui ly . ' So l i l l i W i
that If -Umi ooelaXisatloa 9«tM«f baa ton ««oo*aafal» l l n U *
f t cation v&Hi paroata <)will load tho individual to havo (1)
feiffe poaltivo toward in# aol f , (2) &ig& aoif-oatooat,
aad (3) Mfffe ooXf-soaflloaao. So »*ato» tbat aolfHMU&ito
i s * roaaXt of paroat-oMld eoaflfotfaX rolatioaa. I t fcoooaoa
OYOB aef* iaportaat, t toa, tfcat titoro to ot&or aooiali**ti©a
forooa to ooaator-toXaaoo tiMt t t f t U f i iaflaoaoo# froa tlio
family aaa# ft aoXf-iiaXileiai' ohlld to tc lool .
Lippltt{5*?) atatoa^ tkftt XoadoraMp dlf f toal t ioa wttMa
H t poor group aay to workod throufk by roio-pXayiafr toofe-
aiffioa, roaorlaf til* tbroat of puttiag a pap 11 dirootly oa
thm i f « i for bis o^o-dofoaolwo totovfor pattoraa.
todr{59) to# brought oat f i i t f «l««t «ai dolla-
taoaoy a# f«U«wt tlio anaooiallaod afgraaaiva aad tlio aoolaX~
i t t l dollo«*ioat woro ooaparod. UMI fMto* of r*toXlioa aaa
tiwnilwliU* of totk t to vuaaoeialiaad atgroaalwo aad ttn
aoatalisod dallaquont feat tlio dirootion or p«rpo«ivoaoaa of
tfeta rotoli ioa difforoatiatod. fiu> faotor of aaladaptatioa
tending toward diaorgaalaatioa of t t o adaptlvo proooaaoa was
aoro eliaraotoriotlo of tlio ooltlseid ttoa of Ik* agtroaaiiro.
t t o dolia*aoat could to stitottfam* tot aoto of Ma totofior
pattoraa woro adaptiTro. f t o »ohi*oid totofior waa aero *«&-
ftltytlf*. t to faot t t o t ttoao roattlts ware foaad f a apooial
villi apoolal group* dooa aot otoa#o t to faot t to* ta
tlio |«U1« aoboola wo mm fo t t iag a lar*or and la r tor
M
pmmmtimm &t y«HMI«|!Mm% ami eMI-
<*•* stapljr Immmm mm mm getting « Imvgmx p«F«#mt*g© of th#
children of t&« to ta l population. Jf ijMtitatlaftftliij&tJtaGt t i
to %• t&ft « w » f # tlioa of f\md« to bull« aany »©*•
Iftfttitutiona . i s proportion to schools twolj Imt tko-pftart of
Iellftad*x*(4?) found tfeo attitude® t«mMRi ftatlwoarfty vltiofe
M w i A*i*ti©» Cad«ts 1trough* wltfc t t ea to twmtmtmg t#»4©4 t©
»«*» ft ftiff#ir©a©« isi tlwiv lft*«& of a&tlvmti** i t I n i t i a l .
Bo***«tt*(ll) fttfttftft that **£> ffroup ift moro thao the «ub
#f i t# pftjrfe»> that ftampHt% £©©• net *q«*l $ro«p wtft# %**
ift t l » function of t&diviiKiiftls v i tMa ft f i « ld of #r©itp fo*ftft*.
Sft«k unit ©f group )Nil»ri«f raf laots tk« »«tm*« of fcotli * •* -
•onal i ty grottpality.
i fft. iMV togathar tfe» aaay id*** telfttfti tliMc f i r to tho
©f l it**»t»r» ft# -prnthtym t© ow»y-ftiatlif£, Sft*ftv*y>
i t ift p*oai«#d *$•* th« oojni «f tlm paraonality l« ©©«£©••#
©f ft $•*»©»*« Ida a* ftfcowt Jrtatftlf «r t&» aelf-eonoapt. fliift
aalf-ooseapt 1» davalopad aad moldad through two fort»«, t&»
faailjr «*i tli* paar owl tar#, flift f i s i l y ift *ftp**cftittftti *• of
tfcft ft®!*©* and attitudaa ©f tlui ftali-#«ltiif«| tha fftftv ««&%«*»
ift- for©ft#»* and aoro *ftp*ft»©atfttive #f i l » culture a# ft whola.
ftoatft #f 4ifft««IM©® whioh aay paraon ift tfe© A*«rie»» ««1-
tur© haa fcara eoaa fttovt through oocf l ieta fefttwafta tha v«Xit««
Of tltt JK|1l*-«llitWPft ft»i tkft t o t . l ©ftltftftftf ftfftftlffftftS.S.f tha
profelftaft of tlM pr©*4ol©ft««ftt ara oonearaad with *
m
raooae i l i a t l oa of t&ra# alaiiaKtat J*t* i H M 'alMttt l i « « l f |
t i « iaaa&Aa c f t l ta f r a i l l y , and t i i« fiasaads of tfe* | « * f group.
I n £aata»#*a wfcam t&a i » t * f * a t i « a of iaaoaaiataaoiaa ia' mm
oomplat® and tto* «»!«• « / • ! « • o f t&a i a * M t « a l i a * * t i n «®u-
f l l a t witfc t lw ao tua l i t y -«#' l i t * # d a l * l a i l i « u , t l » profclea
t * oa* o f ooatiauod ia t * * ra t£©». Ia inatanoaa wl»y* tfc* aoatal
au« agaptiva a t i i l a of t&a i a « t * i 4 * a i « w a t * • * £ * » • v i t t '
t l i * soc ia l axpactatleaa or trliara *&a l a i i v t a a a l tea sot # • -
velop»<l * aeaatira of awtonoay »£*& whioh t® fca»«Ia &;t*aaXf
i s t&a paar cu l tu ra , tlna n h M l IHMI t l » faaat ioa a f w w a « l l -
l a t i o a o f tfca i a t a f r a t i v # t m m m aa# tkar*py.
Xt I s t&« eOB»«tt«U8 of MTWNl weitara f i s t t&a
w f t i m g $mmm i » *la© tka y t »M» at*© aaaapia t h i s
« » « l i ia# l«ata t ta i t t t o ta»«aa«y t o M9p***g* m%h*w* aytaaa-
out of a f aa l i a# of i a f a r l o r i t ? as aa ©¥a*«o*|>*»*att©a# vhieb
i « t l M v r a4vaaaa4 %y Aeoordinff t o HorneyU9)
a pmmm *1» 4mm. net fcaliava M a a a l f lovefela i s mmWm- to
Ion* I t i t a l s * propoaad l r K m b { ? 2 ) I t a t fa i lm*# t©
lova f&a a a i f t# aaaea#aaia« % a teaaia fcoattiity t o i t t l m'Vmm
v&iafc ar ises oat of tfca a«p$i»aa#i©a « f t&a ia«i¥i<l«a2k',a apon-
taaa i t y o f M « m l a * l f . &kaa»ar(90) found a t a f l a l t a as<
aafcataatlal oor r« la t ion featvaast a t t i tmtaa o f aaaaptaaaa aa* "
vaapaat t o r M l f a»4 at t f taSaa of aaaaftaaoa and raapaat f o r
©ttkara, Tlii« « t « i y I f Sfcaarar aaa follow©# l y 99 i l l l lps(76)
wk© foua* m i l th« »am«
M
t% ia of la$o?taa«a to tM#1 titat
fouiUI «a«oaaei©«s attitudes toward aaif ma aorrelatea of
•ioaioaetrio afeotaa. la alao fouad iliat a j>«jmoii hm tbo ta»~
daaay to aaaiiiKa • ptMM vhoa k» diallkaa tofca ualika Ma-
aalf; to aesuaa * jhmnh« fr&o?# lia 113e#« to t#> $1$» Mas-ftf*
iay<32) alao fo«»4 tfcat aaaaptaiiaa of aaXfma ralatatl to
acaaptanoa of an<3 t&at i t M l ft ralatianefcip to tltarajty
-
efeo«oykofr(23) fom<S asl*aiiea of ii ilaaafajjaaay »ao*a
«hl«k 1« aviiieaoad in klfh aaaaptaaea of aalf and X«w aoaapt-
aiiaa of IV i« tfeat daf«nsiva mMfauUmm im
ao&a rmwmx aaaottxtt for t t e aofatlvo #o^«3LRtioa# betw««n
aalf-aatliaata# *»# aafciavaiaaat. - Woraan(74) alao alataa that
tlm h t ^ l r aaaapta# lai£vS#Ml« i # aoi few* tha gi»«at#at
«agra»'of aalf-iaafglit ©* raaHiatia peroaptlcm# of othor«.
Ha say® t&at wt&a »©*a rajaotad tlio individual, ih® aoy* 1»
ta®t« to ova*-aati*ata «&•*••* B»n<2»r(5) alaiata amok £*©-
jaetion i s tlna parcaption of ot&a? |*#©|>Ia as i i» aay trst ,.
or roia situation *Mafe m%%» tow erapathi c _ ,
I l l i sCt?) - &a« faao 021a of t&a aoot axtoaaiva ataxia# on
tuaatloma&iraa *• valid i»aty«aa»ta for paraoiiality aaaatt^o-
aoat*». 11a wo*& la v»r? Iwroai ait€ M« iiitayfyatatio-a i« not
too fa*oyat>l» towa*& tha papas* and jmmII paraoaslity. $«#»-
tioaaairaa-. So. «Iai?*a "What tiiay «ro of #aM®«a valaa im- 4i»-
tiBgniabia# featvaan group# of a&luataS *»& ttai*aS|%u»ta€
m
i a « i ¥ i d a a i a , an<s tkf t t tttr **• mi mcM !#*» mtm i s
i l a g a o s l * of ludiYiflTiai *d jua t san t a* t r a t t a .
. *©r»al(?4), tesmvm* tei m l l i f f l awfo i i i t . Ha fomai
» a i p i i f l . « a a t ««3r*aJ,atl©a %«tv#«s tfea d a j r a a of •©-
aaptaaaa ©f ot&ar indiv idual* aa4 Inaiffbt tat© mtmtip. with
Aon* t w y t w M X w i r a t , 8« faaa4 HIaI aax taa l l » -
• l f f c t , MAt r t f th t r i d a a t l t y , aa£ r a a l i s t i o percept ion of otfeara
i t »©t aaoaaaajry f o r « high 6agraa of aeoaptaaoa. H© fouad *
• f p i t f l a a m t iNilatioaaMp featwaaa a#«a$ta*i«# %y othara aa£
©¥»*-#»tiMati,«a of i « U . 1* a l ao l « n l tliftt thoae witli hXghwk
aooaptaaaa a l g a l f l e a i t t l y © w ^ a a t i a a t a otfcara 4» «©a®a*l»©**,
t o t h a i * p»a* fa i t l t i # of ©t&ara, p©atmiati»£ t&at *
dagraa of aocaptaac* t t ya la tad t o * ^aaarcma of
©tfeftva iMMMttMMI tfc*f* i f ft tfanaroua, ftp9''3rftiftftl *f ftftlf .
Rwasall(88) fcaa ®aa a f tha moat a*a&**ta**l«a «»
a a l f - a r a l u a t i o n . Sta fi<a<ti»£a a a t ayatl iaala «f tka j»aaiilta
fomad tiy »tfca* *«tlie*a t » tfe# f l a l * imwm tfca l « i i « f o r an toa -
• l v « tliaoffatiaal. Itypotluiaaa. Oa® fizading which %aa*a a» f a r
p o r t a n t a tpr* loaahip t o 111* f t t l j r l a f * s» 8aTt£l«i**t{43) lAw
haa *»•< #©«i©«at*l© inatTuaanta wi tk tha Ca l i fo rn i a f a a t of
Pa raoaa l l t y t o f i a d t h a t taaahara aa* $•aar Yfttlnfst a*#- mora
highly oor ra ia tad tfcaa aaSf- i ra t laga . At tha f i f t h grada l a r a l ,
§mw tfc» r«.91» fosr tfca W y t i v « . l d . S«lf « s l pear
* a t i a # a j r«4ft; a a l f aa4 taaolMMr **»3Q. 8* a t a t a d
t h a t tJb# t y y a m i i a f t « e m « 7 #f a a l f - a v a l a a t l o a i« daa t o a
eoaa i a t aa t a r ror paou l la* t o tha i a a i v l i a a l i - a a j a t a a a t l a
70
to ©*•*-imt* Mmmlf GV MMIMLF TOEORMNG
tm i l » M M # f i « l « c l o i i It* h a t afeout M a s s i f .
Exploring th» Mmgmtim k3rpoth«*im{84) i b n t tho « # l f -
t«««ytUf l&ftiTlfiMftl will !»*• bottor int»rp»r»onal **l*tl©a«>
llclntyr«(63) found po«itiT« correlations ImHNmhmi •«©*•• of
s«lf-a«c»ptenaa and acceptanoa of oiliar«. f i t l i t i » ®aay * • -
••**#Ji«hp« tmidmg *m i t t o r M t in tikis i t I t •»p««i»lly
p«rtinant to tlui purpoaa® a»« l u i i w «f «i«««t©*§ to f l»4
mm w of )i*Ep£ftf tft* «o-eallo4 M t i t U i aalatf^uatad a i m *
f f f t l* O t K . M i p ^ N M «f oar aooiaty, tli« nasty
mada upon tl*» for sroup part icipat ion, t&# «@a-
• tau t l i v t a t *»# 4«v«loping ia f fwp»— «U t&»#« nake I t Is*
p m U v * that «• fiml out **•«* tlia ahildran w&© mm M i *4-
J a a t i a * t o o l a a a r o o a « l i a » t i i .
BIBLIOORAPHlf
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md Personality Draaaiog. Dy 0. Hofeart Jfevrtry ' fork, Tb«i^irPr»j»rCom«ipany, 1950, pp. 203-239*
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1, 163. - ' - *"•*Fr ^ ~ •
, tolearl S ( | {'S«lf-Co»0#pt# mad RorechAch Mg&* of
$ap*a«#i©a., 8 Journal s3T Seagalttag Faychology, IVXII Clf$4>* So*
5. iMHNhwr# 1* X. »»£ A* 1 . Xfettovf* *©a Kaaanria# Gaaarallsad lapathio Ability, * ' Journal gf l l i i a i l and Sootal
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Joqraal of Appliad Payohology. XXXTIII ( f o « 0 Iff4)# #»v~ ft#'
7* icttftr, X* Mm, Hf&« gpltftftaaaMf 8a>tw#a« Xxpr««««d JUntyt-*f S«if M i I§pr»«**« Aaoaptaaea of Othare, *
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I , Xr»a© laay 4ylv»rtt«v» *4 fJaarapaatlo Xlliai " " - —
( April j Miliar, i | | | ^ j | g i i i k ftdiMMriiiite * • * «
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f l
12
U. B&tmwfv*, laory «a*©aj> Mtvio* mm «
f f f t f f l f . 3 ! / a n s a H u h ^ h ,
It. »©aa«y, I., »?#F*<m*lity Init t of f4*£ftilr !««•»««.
miy Cxw>; 449
fSXS! !F?r cllf1€!^hof lw^k «•* *•» 5w K*4&f-Hf? "Wmm imm%9
.Kwriaa, 1. pai *,, L*« fimo»at S&g$0 *. Saund*rs
m§tmw3L* 19' **£?*??** *»•*«* j . *»« is«M t« p»#i*»tt#ap,
• Ilt#M3 > *• a ptt#X9 8Mi% df Marked I&&rdtt&«»Qttt£reiii} ' m ^ 8 > < > * JBhMttMBflL M. OWtlt UfH)i
'•f® *§ifti*y mvt Autiu>rit*riani«a,• - -?gye^laJT. JEStftf
•»-.. /',, •. — ****MUty 0f t&* *•&*-©f » .jf - - —
imfamltm* wwt en®
* • «
M, •»W»r, Unbtto M u i«Utu , ,
?8^ 82-83**' '••"ST *M' IWi
M* *"VIL'JrJfPi*'. "•«»*• «" ty t» U t a n N t .{ *.»«, »***• mtk Onto £•*•!.• Sttlfians.'#«H»i »< « . -
, 0 ' .."Ghar®f *•**»«•• of likNl »•*«•*•# jfiwial. »* ftmMpini jwt, 1-3.
21 * I w T i S a ^ S *'"*"? Si'.SiS**4
mniktim,. mxt, tat. «——••»«• . w m i
- Journal #f
73
23. §k@&©xlmttp Brnwmw&t *J.£3«atmast and tlia ftiaarapaaaj tit# f«ro«f*«4 aad *fea Ideal $#i£, 0 Journal
of Slinlaal ffrrakolagr. £ (J«ly, 1954), Mo.
24. Grutohflald, fc£al»#§# "Saaial faye&oiojgy Sjeoajs ?*o-©•#####* Agxmal ftritfaai of fa.geIy>3.oiry» * (1924).
15. 8«&mi&gfeaa, Ruth sm3 aaaoaiata®, jateitai* .gff Soya ana fllglau Naw Yor 3«X£m« Httmslty, Iffl.* .
26. miXmw; &m®*v&9 "eoaaaioa® aa£ mvmmtvm Salf~At%itii«aa «jjj ftmm nt *•«»»,' tyHTM* At .BMWfttWf" XXX.XX XKP-#'# H#a 3). *
2?. Wilis, Alfcsrt, "Hia fail£i% *f Paraosalitjr •• ifcologlaal Ballatla. XlJii Clapta»fea», nairas."
M. ljri3caoa# Srifc B.» _ _ Morton a&iit ftasyaiiyp
1«1£&1*S&& *•» *••*# *. v.
29. r«i«iyi, Raaato, "talattaiw*1 iMlrtln aa i*taa*i#m of toeioisatria atat&ed witl* SqpfeMl* npo» Soeial JNwraapiioa," Heaie«ati r> If Ma. f»
|9', .$»» • fair tori:, t W IW» p. 7
* • * *«* *# e# ?.
SI. F»r#u«on, Laoaard *., *aS*a*-mi loalr Company, 11
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B
Poyohology. X (1914)# St. f.
13, fiailar, f. 1., 1. ft, li «'t*aotia«ioti# Attftn aa ta itolai .is. a Sooial Qroap, * " ~ ' ~ ~ " " V * w .
ami f, £, data# of f®a£awit3?l«
34. FtaMa, Clarano# Jaroaa, • «4 0oata*ati*a ItHjr a# t&a lalatios of fartaia faatora to the laagi&f Statu* of . txt*aw§ Groups Fapll# 4* tfea 98 Grade #f tHa 9*itJ> . more faMt# 5ohoola," unpublished 4oat©r,a aiaaa*tatioi*» law Ywrfc tatiraratty, lay Io*fc f*%* ifff.
' ®atira*aity of @Mmge Pra»«, lf£.f.
n
36. fmmm* Irlefc, Ttw Faggot tat* Ltmmmm* ff»*r fork, Blat&urt and Itaapw&gjv t tS l . ' '
30?. Wrrnkt^, • X. K. ~-*aA M&lph W*yv,' "Social >S» S«M*o-Jfcffftwli* ttgms iimsmt,
>994)* *«
$$m Wwtf«t* * . " t o w a t feMMNtttfe on Children's FirlwiasMpii,* ' (Haroli, 1934) . '
$9* Mmxwmli, HC3iar&Gt«r ?&# fm^ehxy^mTm-pm&t* ffcriKUMraf
Xfl l l jE,94t)* 42*
40« G.• X.» ' 9Wml#fat «&<§' B
m PP. 41. Q*t#ta4, «?©&n ¥ . , *f©«a-fci«a*A
• • gtAt«s,*-S©. 5* $3
R Soelo-Boonoaiio ' t l f H h
AZ. &»*«&»**•* H.: »&« *.» B*y» §t»tl«*i Jg, j g n •naye* f f H ® i r aMttttm ?©1. I , in Boc«it . 8»* Xork, Tbo U&ainiliUn tap*ay» Ifftt*
43* 8fc!WSi te@ %-s XL* '9'*-g J0U &•» ®®Ip43MIi3® &o4t XNM8; It* "ft» ftrwiafuMH&t of ill# ld«al S e l f in UMMfeoo# «fti
.* 3o»»ma3L of S»gearelu Xi> r# j m i , i u ~ i ? . • ;
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lorki, B i^«r
n
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60 . Jtomaioo, Paul, * Rat i o n a l i station Afcoot f w t Porformaaao « • a Faaatloa of $olf-$o&oofrt# * Xfet. Joaraal of Apoiiad Psychology, EXXfUI U « f * a t , 1954) / »©« 4* 1®4*
61* I»yad, Xofco*t S . , Kaawladga f o r l lnttf Frlaootoa, Priaootoa f a i y o r o i t y Pr«s*# I t 3 9 .
6 2 . i i S v r t y i l u r a U ft.* ami Korfcort W. ' B n o m i i t yoraas H t l o r i t a r t a t A f t r t l w Xnrootigatioa o f Group Prohlesa So lT ia t , * .ffrinal,. S i f fMfttfMlaty »XX <»ooo»fco*, l f S 3 ) # a w ^ f .
63. HeSaty**, Wu&lm* I , , Aceeptaao# ©f Oi)t**« mi- ! f i E«-
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*•, Msnnk, I . lt.» *S©a£®aa;*fi# Theory #f *md I«o-la t iaf t , • la Who i l t l l I w i i n a t . Soptometry. XIXI (1944), it4~$7... . • • • • • -
67. Hor*no, # . &»» 4 I t t t a i r 1» Houston, fasaa* i n M T i 1991,
6S. Hsr*ia, ' ffe« Ot>»a S«lf. »*«. Tork, Pr«atio«-H»ll,, I94t* :
P* f f • 6t« Iteaya*, # . Hob«rt, m<3mMrnrn% #f talafaraaaaa* m i fa*a$*t»
• a t 'JBehavior, *' Learning fbaorv aaaj ^ w ; E o a a l d P r » « 7 c e m p e a y ,
1918* f|>. 7~i.
70. Murphy, Garde** aad 1». S. aa£ f . 'X* liawaaaV, Pgyehology. rae. « i ( | Sav fa*k# $t*$>a* aai
w # MmWw*
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7* «*•**». i f f i .
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73. S t f l t w y , A., 8A Stagy «f Seaa «f th« Faatora Ia*al*at ' i» &»aia«ta' #a£lit*a# * aaga&iialia#, Kansas Sfaia Colls?* Literary,' 1947. ' "
74. Sairaaa, iaXjwk ®,, »?ks Xatsr-Sslatioasliips Attoa* Acosptaacs-Ifrjaatla** BaljMWflwwr.. S4eatiiftr# tsaigiit l a ta S»lf , sad l** l i s t l« ftmaptia* of Otfcsrs, * Joaraal of fimiiitiM N l M ^ i XII, 194-196.
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tat ©a tl« retaet la ill* tyrAafi tteree were tfili rajaets.
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» 1%«» t U y t w«y© taksa i « th*
3.. ©*#«# * • » s*l*et«# aa ft**2jut|tt0t»<§ «A| alasalflaA
*s f « l l i » # la to %&» foliowiag or targes:
a* Pupile agg*#s*l*« t©wa*« th»ir pa*r».
%. Tboea whsmtmg mitMwmlmg WhmtQX*
«• yvplla to ill® t«aohar oy aHhm
#» ffc©»# Magt f t* tl*# tow to , *oftool witii tli#a.
a . t w u a i « # ( m « m t»« g n m m \ * H e i i s i WMwMy
*w^» t t o ia l l foya la Aehlovoaent T e a a n d the tell*
&&m£m t m t $£ iftgaoiiality at flu* f i f t fc «t««« I c w l .
3. Baovlto at«41»6 f©* tfe# vhola group, fh&Bm
pupil* 8*l««t«a «• a«lft*J*»t*i *#*• « l«4t«l through
«?
-thXHKQ tOQltHiQtteSi
•« Batevior awuapiin* y*»orl« of #3? sov*
t>. 6«Mril«NB*tr£* #Brta*
«• Basalts of tftriMftaMI and uastrttetwrad .pw&jmttm
teetoiqw aaaljrse* both grou?3 sua ia<tiTt4tt«S,a.
4, Eos tilts faro® tka projaetivas* tha gftljjffejgafon
' «£ «* the Saeisiiatrie fasts, t»w coa-
parad for *&a aast distsu?fcaa individuals.
**• *atiaaal« ft** »t«dy i* Iwnsai 02 tfca tliaory
lata* *4*»a©a4 fey a©plcia«{3) ia Ms book ©» fk& MSWTMSMS?
jiltl* .!• * toy-p**t*at ®* «©attamo«#3,y l»t«f**tiir*'
4aval.opsa»t, litem a a3»£2»t ©tops h» bmm sm% m hmzvfam
wMaii i», for i&« 1 imm 'being, wmim&mmtmhM. t«r the pur-
P«a«« «* tti* e-tsiy* i&osa barriaara ay# <1> kimself, {2} tlm
fmrtmv ®r vtomv afco* flguva, (3) ifea paw aralaiiawii, M
i&a **#&» «&£ (5) tin® p*o4teat @f tha aitmstioa i» -erMek t&©
«M14 fin## Mmmtt.
#mk.|«ei« war© i4a»*i£i«4 %otU fcaf©*© tmd inf ta* *k® *a-
soaroh. ?&a idaatifiaatioa »# say «Mli as maladjusted or
as a ease ©f Mavler* v*« aa4a % <a) tba prtaatfai,
{%) fit* ttoMfctor abarga, (•) eaa or «&?« ©feaarvar-partiai-
paata m*ki.ng **• mi ® part-iiaa Mais. fruaaey,
fealunriox oa t&a. aaksol&afouad, rsaiataaae to wulm
aai adali aut&o-rity, 44si»ia**»t ta tin» i l w ^ a aatitrities,
laa«a*a*ip *i*al*y» «oa«i*val faarrelim# ®**r "iMaga",
m
aaaaaparattvaaaaa m tilkiy vwtk m **ajr projoeto, or r»-
jtiii«a tr tk* poor group mm wiltrit of ooloetion of aaaaa
for tfeo itsijr, fbo mom% «i|tiliM»i IwdMiff©*' patiatas ia til*
groups otmdiotf— tkt feart& #raia i «uria* tlio yMt 1152-13
asi tko flfil gradoa during t&a yoor 1953-54— mm afp?aa~
s i t a v a v i tl» paa* **®«p aad patterns of roaotloa to
authority or poor ltil«r«liy. Porfcapo otoa aoro aifatfiaaat
tfcwi t&o roaictaaoo to tliXI *uthority wrt tfca «yapt©*8 -of
f » rroap atatao. At lM«t, tka oao aiagla wm& seat
frataoat oooarria* incident vnllit^i ia tvirl featertar aaa
tho "fcoalia#* or ®at«a»kiaf* or *fi*ktia*" ovar fat# play,
fa-roritisa, aportoaaaoiiip, and "afca should fco Um I.*
Ttaa aaaplia* *0*0 a*6o ©a foartaaa oaaoa te-
la* tl» firot |Mt, 1952-53, vbtlo aaay «f tlioao ataiaata
woro ia fonrth graia. fttoao atatiaa aoro aado «t foar 4if-
favamt porlo#« at ths #ajr* (1) «aria* tka t&trty-aiaata poriod
proooiiaf t&o fcafiaaia* of tfca aalio&l Icy, ft) faria* t&o
"»fca*i*f" or raat porlo* at tlio aooa lioar, If) ©a tlio play-
*round, «*4 {4) iaaa iataly r«U«tSaf tiaM at ilaraptloa
•f tfco regular olaaa parioi. <Soo Tabl© ?). 'Two af tkaaa
pupils -mm priaoipally olasalfisd aa tvaaat asi tiaiataraatai*
ti*a aara aa *tat»t%a# tkat it *a« 4fta*oroaa to both tko other
fiflU aat tkaaaalaaa ta ©aaao »ay prooaaro to ©oaf©** to aay
«©rt of ©laaareoa roatiao* tfcaaa aa-faa a©*© n « e m froa tka
•l«Mf»o«» | i m privat© tutoring at fcma tqr * atattisff
t+metoMT brought feaalc mm fcy o»# i®%© %&• r*#®*** «}.«*•*
rooM durlne * ««ren w««ks' interval. .-•
tli« two whosa problaa waa predominantly ,
vsttfislftMfe %ndt truancy war* 'X*twnMMI *ithis< * tsaHtagr i»-
%»twiA# *0* aocial aarTiaa 1b Honolulu i* fcetfe aad
f««t. : 9sywrt«r aocial walfare m k » N t *< .ftmstsUtir,' tbrea
tlta faiwraity, <<*si' «#&©©2. par*©®®** «©©p«y»t«4
©» tha projrct. Fotir ©£ rm*iwtimg fiw# wtm'lmmtik* fea«*
vitli sea* auaeaaa in pAtWMM<y «d Jue-tmant. aavaath
pupil #£ tfeis moat diaturbefl #r®®p m«ir«a
a*st *t tSi* P»y«iu*2.©£ieat ©iiaf« *wi»£ *&• apris# •«•*•*#*
an3 into tha atuwsar. 8* ili »©t return t@ t&# alaeerooai
tl»t m m m W * felt eont-£iiu©<S U l» tmt©i«4 at ftmm ftp '•
vimiMmg taaaher. - Mt prognosia **« met oonffidersd
#• Ma slsssitlsstios, at tte «f* «f #^ppmh# was BP®y#fe©f>&iMa3
fNNPNMl&tgr*0 - 8* «ii «mt«* netkir sahool». « «ftwr*k ' '
tk* seeoad am**, t»at •«drtia«*# t© W * earioua pmWmi ana
testis*** *£• tv*»femt st ill* Clinic.
' f&a®« *•** aavan ®t&»r problama is t&i» olaae ©f tS&rtgr*
six stsftsst* wMak Wit faaa«lad is the claaaroom sftsstis*
without sltfefcrnntit* Mueh ©f tfcsi* iftlamlty wa#
baaed either is m d ©*• ttsstssst st honso, la- -
•MliHr t© staoi any f»jr*&«r dapriva tlon or pysftssys* oar
*s«st«#sst" ststss witMm tis p©«r g-roup, - 4 snars •parsissl"*#
an «%u«lisftties ©f ©pp©irfciiaity f©r ««:t:f-#xp;r©»»i©fi,
* sss «f ylsir parioi# or ••******" parioda at tft* lint aoat
n
opfo* tw*~ t U t&©»© i s tfco Xo»*©ai»# of t&«
p*©«#it*©* of th« to t a l *£t«*t£oa. I t ni£ht fc© maationad
hara t ka t tv© **§*!**' tmmlmm *a« f iv« #«l*t£tat©© had fea©a
dieposad of %y t&a fromp up i s l i l I t i t t f of Xtf3. Vfcttoro
method fee# IMB «oo«, H i ra»ult« *ara aot toward soro ooa~
f m & f r Imt to***4 at «tron*er resistanoa to *97 authority or
pr©»a«3r© t© aoafors. - flia U » t voofca «f t&o oooootor f o l -
Xowia* tha So«to» woootioa ooo aiaad t t Wtrnglmg- aboiai tha
lh»y«Mitl« *£X£©u ra«oaaoad©d % i©tt©X&o£*(;t} w£tk aoadanie
ool&owowHit « * « i ^ i 7 to t&©3rapa*t£« *oo«Xt*.
to* tk« M * aolxooX |Mr» *©«o*i£a* to raoo*aa»dation«,
aada em tko %•£$* of aoeioaatrio taa ta , t&o ©X*»o waa dividad
a0cording to «X£4«©» »£*&£» tlM i H i w i i y i i fwwooo**, atroa#
Xoiwl©*© vfcooo f t v i l i y areatad additioaaX p*©%XO«i IN§£»#
o©p»*ot©4, o£aaa ^ tfcara «#m two fourth | M l l t «ad w©aXd i t
tw© f i m ***** aXao»oo tha fo£Uw£aff jroo*. f&© oeihooX had
uaad for*»rXy tha o r i t a r i a ©f chronological a$a fo* «£*£«£©»
of claaaaa, tat i s t&£# £aat*aao tlm poliey **# W*£?*t. I f
Should fca aantionad bmw tfe*t il*y« «*• *t*oa* leatovofci*
t i t t i a ttio rroop; T&O p*£a«£pax idaa «•* not to IVMI «p
*t*o»t aratooX ffi*al«Mp« twt to «IMW§O 1k» «tmot«*o of t l »
rroupa within lb» «l«««fe«i So tk*t tfca groups roaa£a£a*
w©«Xd fea potent ial ooel&sfttf&m fo r lUHrmeay. HM?«O- groups of
hoya *©*© dos£«aatad for Ho©* M * group of th i r taan •
f t v l f i a which thar® wara a© *£**X*£©o M O «©#£«a*toi to *#i
n
to tft* t«w&tr»tfc*Mr fe©y*„ ( i t t h M i i b« •*£« imm tfcat tfc»
properties. of fcey*•t© | i » l * i®. tk* fourth, m i ' f i f t & gmMm • f till* eehooX tM» 2-1.1 ^ H a w s mt %%» pupila atudiad iit tft*
f f *#t 'yam* ©ontimiad 4a ftoo* Hi o*a mmt t o a elmroh ecfcool,
«*•'«***£' to anotlMM? l o i i , tfca th i rd , *nmv$:'8*mng9 *wt
auparior croup loader, *** Mat t© Roora A al©»§ witli f i t * -
loyi «fc© i o f i a i t a l y fcsloafa# in Mm gxwp, %m of tlw»# va«t
Soto* to fco raturaod to Boon § booouoo #f Ma *««ta#eHliott .
toWKNI tha tooafca* of Book 4 . With tho froaplac* »ade ecoord-
i»f t® o©«f#f»%tfi# yooulto* tfeogr* #a# ©pp-«*tii»ity toy
atudy asd *o*o*«l %it tlm £m&£vt§ml9 «feo a*o«oi I t .
- ffco group f©* t&o ooooat y#**» X$£$-£4#. of,
mm %mm 8*®®w «f g i t l # ttsu yo&otiM&ip* voro t w ? tmvm~ >i«i*i ilthGVLgh to*. ©f the* had bean jpasjooto the yoar fcafora.
**• tmrtpHftM* fe©y* aalactad Moos^a* < to •toFMt*vt&f %
«o«i»tr»wi, *t*o «*•*##* 1st# tlmm gxmp*t> f l u *©*a mtno&ttjr
M U M mumming mmmm' tli» a l i f a a 9m of tha .gwtpm *#*« atTmg froopot .mm wa« haadad fegr Sajrali, tfcooo £m»o#«f i t y
of tha yoft* l»f©*» *a* fadiajr mtfor «*m$ otlattlfttloft' •»#.
< U t » Mi.*- sooogBiaot XoMtar l a sill aot iv i t i*#, %ot& on tha
fl*yfFO«»i. aad im tha alaaarooai. Th* aaeond group *aa i m M
fey 9tevi4» whoa© poyftoaolity and mm-• p*£«»ipally
1» « aogottfo a i raa i ioa . BI# foliowia* wa# «1* boys on« day
«** a©»» tli* aost* a»4 I t ««• Ia«i«et*d that I t was
«#• hla poor «port«a*n*hip «a«« ^ » . | M eontrol orar othara i t
n
hi a gram* thira froap s#4Ugr &*A no t*wx
of tfca >oy« «r rajaata., Two wor« tMfr.£*•£»•
retarded and aonno^u-ntly Jsaw# aarioaa aali©£*a%ia problems,
flm fifth feoy wa# «» a»i#s*. . Tha U » l ««««i Imqw* *lmg
with tteraa of tfca f i r l a , v w t tan of i k i ««aa studio* oat of
foartaasi for ilia yaar t i a two iaaiara rf the ©tfcar
tvo groapa, 4aral4 aa# I * t ! « | aara «le8«i fcaoaaaa of ti*a #y-
aamlo quality of tl iair iaa&aralU^p*
Im tlta»a &ro«?« i t w*» not waeosiaoa to &&*a flg>i*ta
Uraalcing out la tfta alaaaroon **«a aaXl into tit# aaao»4 yaar
of t%» ata<y« «© aorporol j>*aial»»»t waa *aa4 ait&ar tp i t e
priaaijritl or %&# taaaltar taring tha antira of #tw<f • :
tkm *mo *»Tpo**l aaa a aattar of aiaiaiatratiwa
fol iay oa tha fa r t of $*£ft*£$*a *»4 i t *aa adttaroi to *y
t l i* aiaaaraaai taaafctr who#» p ^ M «aa t&«y*|>o«tle ratfear
tltas 4i#* i f l tni t*y.
froa ifca "b«li«vlor sampling ropoyti, i h « H ^aitaraa of
M * v l a * moat ekaraatariatia of aiaa of t l * %af» of t&a group
of taaira waa ftfSttstiv* aatioa toward t M t t e r Icdivlduel.
taaaaa of aaali ia<jid«nta wor# r«r%a2.i«*d lay tlsa feoya a« . , , nbo chaat#" . . . •£» raalljr $aaaa*i want a* to play a* ki«
taaa" . . , *%a woa't lo t aayoaa alaa a tarn" • . » *%§
ten to #a • n s T t U f t t « U tlM tlaa* . . . "Imp9* a I K aport*
. . . • t» , a tot »y a t a f f * • • . , l t , i o a taa!#^ • . # a»«
mmw •tlMtr aholaa lm«toa«»« of aaaa-aall iat. two aig&lflaaaaaa
m
**# -immM. 3»«r® s tlm ©f po*#CMn«lag tii® is&aapwat
*£$&! t®. py^trlr mi. 0p9»rtmity «a# tfc# iwtlltjr «* «Ht£*
*l*tmg tfc* etlMHr p«r»©a #&® iafrisfM ®js thosa righta. f&*s*
llttl* Aa#y£«a&ii. is Eonolulu, »f *U wmt*% «xt*fcetl©a*g. mm
*t»*p«4 ia t&»/&#$«• ©f rtjfcte* mm$ mm wH p**~.
fcy p***ataX #@ttae*lL «a* «lfts«»®#s t« m£st*ia
*a£ •»!»»«« tit# individual ptmaility* ,'fi# if ff £«mlty ««*«•
to ti*t t&vy &**• »©t !#•*«»§ Imw to i n iu t tkilr #m •
yifffet* vttlwmt russia* »f»f tfcf otfe*r f«U«». ¥11# 1#. th»
tivt twk ©f titlMti %m « rather fe»«vy 1N»i#s .
«# tfc* *fe©«:U*r# #£ t&# py#ii«#:t##»*®st *fc*i» Ms jmAt eeetirity
1* is M» mi .
4ee* *ft*r tti© »tfcri ©f t&& mv school y»*r, Xf53-"f4,
#o«foa»trlc w«r» #!*•»• fit# t«*t ty BwtMgrfl), *Snv
I - f«il, Toward Oili#**" «•#. t»*4„ . fh» r&sulte #immiI ess#
wtttva&itgr* u oae •hoomlxig hm« %hm «•* li*»# fey tti« gtrlB
fey tl** fe©y« wttMii tlt» *tMtp tfcat »a* »©t a ..
fker® wwi stilt m greitpa*** rnwmg tlM logm «fci» i *w,
it fee9««e# *#'$##t* *»4 •tin «©- wst. ehabae '
®««J* ®i&«r m& BhMTm no imt*»«13,ty, •qprelftlXy l« m&*»
«4|mtai»&i*. f&* ©aly pmvmm*. tints# f«ll©*« «&» ©mvy ie ilue
'ferny" at the top of llii# hm-gt, *M Iwwr well th«jr wa-Ub *v«*y n n
a l#M«r witing* ptirlutp#* fe* Ma to ©alt* « a£«tftfe».
the rtjwrt fttl* Mm mSmtim m& pat# t # M|adi«m
9&mm m *V8 roM.
§4
f&oro mm *%mmtr rojootioa f*o» th t r u t «r t lo l»oy»
n l fro* ooao of tk i i l r l c for f i x of t&ooo M m boy» in
t&o *«ot»#*«®iua Sl» oovoat* *oabo?# ?a«2. §•, roeotvoft on
t k m oo&sooatifo «ooio«ot*i* toot*, m m m m I oritovi*,
Ifct M^oo t m i t t of fotoo i f aayoao l» tlio rooa. 81a oooial
otiaalao valso woo m t t l in l l « poraoaalitf ol»**oto*iotioo.
l i s olaooaatoo doaoyifeod U » ao f r i end ly , m gae& mperk, help-
ful, alwayo ahariag, aati tfcoy tsoiaiot hia in »11 piano f«f
t f f o r t «ftthis th« olaomrooa. Gorald aa* 8*114,
tt» two | n ^ i««l«f»# *0*0 *Wjr»# fcoyo® l i t Paul vao ohoaaa
%y «n>708» ill tfeo •!«!• . So *ao sot oftoa afcoooa on t&o
pl*ygr®m&, H t tfcio oao m aattor of I t * mm choic*. a« | i |
»»i oftoa fool liko i l i y i i f wltfc ik« jroot of t&o %oya. So?
f£# ho tako fm% ia foaoo witk tlio f i f l t aa aororal of tfeo mvm-gWW4m H n #M. l io oofiio&oo of playgroaaa b»h«rior
oao namalXy ia tfco tmlXomlmg «H«ri (10 *«a i«f»y| a
| i> at t ract tfcoir attoiitioa# 0 ) pell ooao individual or too
or tferoo away A m Mm *roup, aa* U ) go off and ioatro tfcoa.
I t e*a V# oxplaiso* fc*iofiy &#ro tliat foul* aloft* witli two
• t t i f ofeil«*oa in k i t ?*aily, wao mm *fotia of lHpataiity « t
&©ao, aa* «UU* t i l l wao sot a l l of k i t trcmlsla, eai-taialy i t
WOO fca*i« to t&O mlot tlMlt fcO MHilwrt l »11 a*«it« ao oao»
aioo «it)i whoa to oanrp fa*©*— feat v&os lio ©ould aovo*
t m t .
*&iio l»«l wao I M H y ofeooan all tfco i*tr» Alan m i mot
ohoe«n at *11 until toway* tlia oa* of tlio ooooad yoa* wfeoa
ts
&• 91»n oaa parson a*# o»a person tboct hia. Bat tkat pa*-
son was not tba saaa «l» la luki ehoiisn. Alan renslnad
cat***!# t© adult approval or ii9«pp*$«wi %nt was ssltoa
a&oaas by lit psora |«r mtfMmg* A m w«# ob» a«oaptio»t
Maa faa e&osaa as aoa* *m§ I*a lorsd It. St bad •
wry plaaaaat voiea m i sould aad if# lt«# ths group la songs
a««li of i,hs t%m+ fit did aet |in tfca afelldtaa auoh tsNNrift*
%m% aalt&ar did Ma participation Is tka auslo eit»« tlia chil-
dren to al&ooaa Mai a»»t £ra*ea»tly„ Tfcara «m est tMa# it
asanas *1*% tkaaa two taps vfeeaa rtactions war# so different:
leti «tf« iaatMy afraid of tlwiy fatlisrs ml; protaatai %y
t&air aethers froa tfca fatfca*a * **at& whenever paastfcla.
MtMi aad ftaaai# were retarded. tayaa was' %©t&
*al Wayne I>rou*ht Ma bona to school witli kit
• m r ami**. ?a«i Mi Alaa v»m wt #f pfeaaa witli adults.
Irlly Mia# Mlliea* aad M m m were out ©f phase vitk the peer
groups aad witfedrawa, Paal X* mm a hafeitaal truant aad
iilly &», *3to ea*o2J.ed lit«f, waa iapXieata* in a "mtmmtmg '
property* aoateat fat m m fi*t waafca vatti ha had mi enough
#*©ap aeeopteaee ta §£wa M s sa«e tMag else ta 4a*' §a*y waa
looking f#* aoaraoaa to doainate sad ©aaiel was a# eaally lad
t&at tiiay aade it a two-soae.
Soae of these n t eases wera treagfct in at »id~seaaater
witaa oae iro«p at fiwe glrla aad a group af ft fa lays* ehossa
e>» tft» liaaia af aaataoatrla teata, was sent to Sooa k, wfclla
m m m & «ta«*at» mr» fer©**lit la fraa loo» f to ml# * fw*fc~
fifth £*•#» #e»l»ia*ti©a. SaToytl f m th» a»w group •*** ia-
**« 'let o* tfco w«i««»Wi totoa jrfS*.*" f&t aaatbo* of
• w hietori•« m* mM*% to* *at fo* t&o purpea** of |t « .
•*«ir ft** ;•#* fco farlfco* r«port*d iatlvf 4**11jf Ht Mil**
pl«a»d la otfeor oate^orUa end alaaaifleationa. .
«*• lootioi. t&at it* ttto ««• fcaoaa, fc*. t*o taaefcara
*» olwrge, of tk« foollaf* that tha atamanta actually it| ©©a-
oovaia* tl»a»oiw end •«*•*»• Sfftrtl t*«t#, aaa-
toaeo aoaplation fo*», fl«t tfcoa uaad along *lt& tl* a4*In-
l*t*«ti«* of tfco California fyfct Foraaaallty f«r tbe ooooa*
U m mm efxla# .of oiaoaoo t© aa*» fourth-
ftftfc • «xad* aoaMaatloa. • Tfcaaa aantanea oomplation taata
••r« alaad «t 1ladle# out so?* afcoat opoolfio attitmioii Miy(
a«ulta, toward paraeaallty aharaotarlatiae of fcotit exalte
W «ii of «k <rMo»t»* idaae #f,
••l.f-*ofO*o»ao> fit aaterlal whieh oaae f*©® tfaeaa teat*
«M aatofotftio#*# follow*!
1. ®rlto*i* of/poor iMitftiip,
. 2. Authority, raaiatanes to, attitndaa toward.
$• Feaily r«l«tioa#hipa. .
4* ©oafotAtioa,
5. fooSts pR of lafojriorlty.
4. A child*a atandarde of fall? play.
. : f* Judgaant of friands and tfcolr cbaraetariatioa.
w
8. talatloa«hipa to
9, Krliwitau
10, Slgaa of aaaaaaa.
(linlti *f thaaa Uii« with frafaaaay aaia«orlaa will
It fotia* in fafclaa *1# fllf «ai TOX of tki* ataiy.)
flia Btandlng' of tha paylla la tMi alaaa of thlrtyalx
waa fouad oa tfca Xa«t aoeioaatria tt»l of tha |M» -#&*•• tha
aiillt of May. iaaalta are a&owa la trtli XX, Appaail*
fkoaa papllo who bad haaa aalaata* for «u« ftHy wara Hit-
t m « throughout tha fwi* atrtllaa. fha appar $«artiXa and
tha lavar fUftlU wara aat iptri* with alaa pup He faXXt*t
la aaah t**rtlla. thai* oa tha aoaioaatrla taat
w®ra calculate la yimatifM of tko total poaalhla aaora oa
tha "Sow I Faal Towar4 dtJuw* aaala, tha hoya wara
itvtnl laataaaaa of as s»ay •• aairaa atroasly amtaal ahoiaaa.
Thar# vara a© laataaaaa of aay pwpll iming totally rajaata*,
hut thare vaa oao i8»ltt«t of a atadamt amtlratl fcafore, Alaa,
who** aaora we* .01 of poaalbla scoring-. ffco atxian aaora
is paroaatagaa was .50 of ptttiU* fha *aaa of *ha
high, quart 11a waa .43 «»# tlio aaaa of tha low quart!la waa
.11. Tha t aaora oa tiU* mm a aritarloa of ilvialom of
*ro«p«, waa 11.74. Sao TaUa X» Appaaaix 4L fM» waa «i*aif-
laaat hoyoai tha .001 laval of aoafKoaao.
no scores oa the «£ wo*o
fouad for thaaa s*o«p« aa4 tha raaulta aoaparafl, aa shown la
XI, A. fa t&# upper q»a*tii» *•« found mm
%oy *ii© ratad Massif at tJ*s Id F ©a Mill j»*srsafcai sad 4MMtit*l
«#Jiuit»*»t. Tim** of tfc* pupila $*: tii* lw»y ratad
tbsasalrss «* kigh aa tlu» 40 .f- on tbs f«»#oa*:2.ity fsst. : His
JI&4M* £*Mg> *** wmm ?s*i»KU, haviag * Standard §*9i*tis*
@f 20.7 £sa*#«atil« poiats, while tfcs louer i*w«a> bad a Stand-
ard Daviatiou «£ 1.4.4 jisjpssatli* |»®iats. It was fouad tfcst
t •«©*© ealsalstsd far tlie tiffsfsass la the B®aas of
tfcsss t*o *ss 2.76,' *it& IS Asgipsss of f**#d©». fki*
41ffs**as* is algalflssat at tfe*' Vtt 1*¥»1 «f «®afi4«aS®.
fkt two -«impBL at tH# sxti?aws»' tl» aesloast*!* raai-
ing ws*s «©aj**af*# «a l.t* tmmrn* th* mmn ©f tJ*« &t#lui *as
181» i&» assa «f tltt l va wm #2. ^f*M* XII, Appaadix A)
$&• Stsaftwt fs-rlatisa #f i&a &i*lMi ma 4.3 X.$. folate '
tMl# tlMi #t*ad»a?4 Ssiriatioa sf tfts law# wis 12»2 1#%. p<s£mta,
Tfcs *art*Miity sf t&« saaMasi graup(s) *ss 9.1* tius *s-
saltsat t was 4»41> vliiel «•# stfaifisaat tt fcattsf- tfesa tks
.001 l#*#! @f aaafl««aa*.
ffc» two groups st tits sxtYsassa of t&* seaf-osst*!.# faale-
lafwsr© aoajpa wt oa Aeki«ureae»t Srsis Flaeaiaaat at Its and
of th« ysar. tlia uiaaa of ftfcs Mgfea wm * |ril« plaosasat of
$•$ »kila tlis n » »f %h» loas wm 4.9. tfcs Stsadard fcrrt- '
stion of t&s high* *as '*14 6, f. v&lls %1m Staaday# Beviatioa
of tits laws was Ji §. f. fka variability of i&® tva oosiMned
groupe *aa .#75 Q. f. th» rssaltaat t wktim'wm 2.41 for
16 #ef*ees af f t t e te and wae significant at ih® .05 l#s»l
of eeafiAeaee. (IN t»U« XIII)
two {troupo at tl»e extreaee of tJ*e eeeleaetrie weair*
tag la tfcie parfciealar oleee-* e^tss B— imt eoapa*e« ©a
tfcelr eeeree os tlie eeltfogai* teat -af Mmmmxk&tw
twe witeM irroiipa willeli www t«*ea free tHe iMp» .f*©*ip of
few eleeaee. • fie pttvpeae of iMe eoapar eea wee to 4ete»-
sis* w&etfcew Ui «*t*eisee ia Mmm .1 were e»y aore TirittHe
£a tfcelr feyeoaeilty ielf-Hetians tfeaa were tlie extreme* v
»&€a up from ell few elaeeee. Hi tie larger ur©ap» aaoh
<ptartil# (See fefcle XI?) Sad an St. of 32. • The vmm of .***
Hffite ea tlie f^yyfajiKt I f i t *f Fwawttalitr wee $«.* wfeil#
tl» aeeii ®f t&#: lews wa* 1 3 . 2 . flte Ataiiter* Seriatio® #f tfe*
fetffce wae 10.12 pereeatile potatej tlie £taftte*4 teTfatiea ef •
tlie 1®*» wae 6.« perewatil# palate. f&* ©ritieel latie wee
1.53# wiiiefe wee feaai to lie ate»lfiea&t at "better thea ik*
.001 lewel ef -eosflieaee, tMe 1# eliewa i». feMe SSnue.
tl*e «ifferea«e JNtseen M«t» aa# lewa .la t&e leafier *rea? •
ww a®re eigaifteeat tfcaa for the eaaller twoap, eiaae t&a t
rati© fer tfce smeller greapa, with 14 #efpe$e of free&eit wee
foaa# to Tm 2.76, e£f»ift#eat at t&e ,&2 level. .
**•* *** -iPMfflflft, f t t i #1" Fraaaalltar mm meei mm t&e •
eriteriea to realia# tea fcitfk t© lew »a« fiaifa# t&e iff-
fereaeee fcetweee the apper aaft lower tuartllee, tlie fla«iii#e .
were act eigaifieeat. {See fall* X?I, Appea#!* A) The t fear
tiffereaee fcetweea tlie ki fee *a« lewe ®a tk* ieeieaetrie
im
iNt w*» 1.24, ittkiai in »ifaifi«aae« at the .1# l«t»l of confident. Itoitlw* « U the t fey tfc» ££ff«*«ae# between tlie
aeaaa of the hlgfcs «ad Iowa mM&mwmeat ®*a£# Placesent vfclek **• .4# tyyntA aitaifieaaee «t the .10 I m l of Coa-fiieaee. (fahle 2TII)
The iaportent t£*&tmg* from *ki» «ttt#y * »
to fwriii** m m * * * to a H U « m t U ) Soeioaetrie inetrunente do #iffereatl*te between ll»«f witk kt|l *»a those withal©*
IttviM tho#e with high ntia«« m the €mlifo*al» Teat of yeyaoaalltr and thoae with I#* rati**#; hetweea hlf*
m * M * m m «si 3*f* m«fci»v»jr«» «ai (2) • *h®*t •«lf-**tiag *»"
stnxaeat it needed whiah will aeke theee flame £iff**eati*~
tloaa e*4 whleh «1U he aaafcle to tie «la»#*«©a taaahe* with
• alaiana •ffert at «aal.y»i* «f the child'a swMMMt&itgr'ilf1*
fletiltiee. H i ffeivi finding, whieh eaae tr&m. tfc» f«aUBt«
ooapletioa mtrnM* i» tlwt * «MI4f» ettitsaee toward klr-
••If aai toward othere la M s •ftWiMniftftt liw a
•igaifieaat %•**&** on pe*a««*lity disturbance, eoafliet
with the |««r **®ap# and ©a the iate**atl*e forees ©f M s
personality.
BIBLIGQBAPHT
1 . l eva*? , *»** * .# "*®w I t * « l tows* * A Soolo-9M»tx>f« t » « t , uapttfeliahtd.
2 . S**a© a a i laray Sylv##i«>*, » i WtLUft* * A*»ri ©an 9 m o f &rtliop»;3r«&iftt*y» XTXXI
• 194«>, I t t"7*** ' '
3 . l o f l t o i # S m m , . * •* *«**# * w r • s i Mro%lmw$, U f 4 .
4* lfe*«a©# t . ' 3*., ffco Sha l l Brnxvivm* »*w Tork, fi*a<to& fioue#, 1**4.
m
m%2t& WtS&tiMfi:
-m»W
tm itliy«S6i€£ff £$ to
CLASSROOM MXMIMXf
fftif *aa©ai*#li %©#©& wit J* 11* preparation #f »«al©# for
4«*iag th« fftU aajaaat©r ©f If54-55. tfe© aaimax
t««tlat %•'£•» ©a lUHWfj 29» WS» an# continue througli May
35, 1999. Curia* tfci# fmrnMMvtlui pari©* aixt©aa fifth
irtlf sl**««s *©*• t«atad, ueixig: aavaa iiffwtat iMtommto*
fwo dtlMW ftftfc fz-aiaa w©*© ooad f©* ©XiaMXitjr data ©a tit©
a©Xf~*attiig seaX©. Saofe olasa **• a»t #*©*«•»*•& t© «i|li
ti»©a «t #iff©jp»»t iwtmrvtl#* situ a©T©ral aaka-«p j*»ri©««u
fk**e wi« *a *•©*©#© of ai* mmimmmm j*©*i©i© vttl aaal* ©f
tfe© t©a«&©*ii ©f tlt©a© ©Xaaw©*.
Til© $»-©©•««*•© ©f tfea r©a©areh, til© pwXiar£a**y pw#p*w
atioa ©f t©©tia* iaatraaaata, ml ifti ata*i©ti«aX
of iata ar© fa tMa ahaptar wlftr *fc© following
haa4at
1« «9mti«a of Rating Soalaa:
a. l»«lES3r©«®® aad Fiadiaga of Sonraa In®truaantc.
I. P*apa*atioa «f a SalfHRafitt# Saal©.
a. Praparatioa «f a f©a©&«*#© Sttiif Seal©.
4* Pr©j>ayati©a of a F©©r Satlag SaaX©.
f • Preparation ©f Sata ©a lakawior P1*©!**©*©!
102
103
a. tMlgyomi of 9ril«flK. .
I. with *ee©h»r».
«• f*#pwra*i«i8 *1 9*awvi«v '^Mwwifiaaito* Vmmu
|» M»iai»t*ati®a of fo#tat
a. tat*.
fe. ftfl&fHtetlagt*
a, jtooloaatyla faata.
4* WmUX to-tttyity foot#.'
«. Aofciofoaoat fOOta.
. 4, Tr»«ta»Bt *f
*• K a t t H U H ®f M U M M i a r *»«*«
%. .iMN&'Ul ©f taiiWiiaal @3.ft«S foatlaf.
«. @*ito*i©a «f S«l*etioa of ttf)n a»« low®. _
I. Matolilaff of 'Ml $*•* on $£*&§ of !.%•
•. Co»ptri»oa« of Hatched Groups.
' Proparation of Rfttingr Soal©»
flke thoory tkat aa individual i* t&© oat fcoa* fa«llf£o4
to m%* waa tfe* >*i®a»3f *oaaoa far aaiug' a atlf-
wmtimg w mm of t&« criterion toata @f this ataty. fh» aotf-
ooaoor* ia *afo**o# to ly Ifoaafaial*?) aa tba sy«t<mi. of ««a-
t*al a»aaiaira t&at a poraoa iaa atoat Moaaif aai ill# *#la-
tioa® to tbo *•*£• afeoat H». la Ma atu£y &• la# ataioata
*ato tliaaaaXwaa four 41ff**o»t ««|*» aaoti jraflaetiag a iif-
faraat mmlf, tMoflinf to low Iw Ha4 1m* iivootoi to aak«
tha vttlif. Via faa* »ilt«« tlma awtoi *•»*» <1) tft* private
104
aa l f , <2) tiia pmltiv aa l f , {$} tfc» mm&Mx* « t l f» «nul (4)
tfca *ooial e»lf . . Umi r a t i n g tie&m ttmmm tmx •iaftaitioa* of
tlw Mlf f»» a ta fe f l i t j a»i £« . i iaa i^aaaj r .
tli# i£f£«r«a«a# imtmmm t l * raMaf* f«r tlia p^ t i i i v t and ib«
aagattva aalwaa <r*va' a a*a*«*» #f ' t t a M U t f f tit* i£a«*apaaay
iMrtfflMtt tlMI p f imt# *Rd til* *0«£aX talva* f t** m £»£** i f
aoaial ooafliot* £r©a* ta» oompariaona of tkaa* f e w ««lf*
v t l l a i* Bwem£*tm a#f*»«a# tlia tfcaory tliat m M i t t k i f l»
f i f w a aaaotire #f tfea tota l self-concept,
poaiti&f *. f*i*tl®iWsMp ImMmb aalf-eoaaap* and t t l t l *4~
J«»ta*Bt«
B*o*»fa£af* taat feat tomrty-ttm - eat«goriaa nftii as*
atft i t jpetut o» aaali aat»$o*T. Sueh aat*f«r;l.*« aa iatal-
li l»ao* t p l yB ta l a t t y a a t i f £ » » « t t i a i t | r # ali«**fi&i»***,.
^apewSaMlity, praatif*, f l ex ib i l i ty , « U , f i
war* to 1# M l m "Mia »eala. 4 pmmm la rating hlsaalf
oould « m l hiaaalf a saxtaftm of • aloaf tit* point aoala «r
kit- *o«li giv liiaaalf ac X©* a# 1, ^ Sine* tha taat waa *#•
a4a£si*t***i tlaa* ti«a* la t&* Irownfaia atttiy, tfc* •«*£•
waa aitanded at fcotl* *»da, glviM$ a total raa*a tT&m 9
through f . lit* M t l * waa aaay I t aia&aiatai** to «al*Mt«si f
and to
ffco twaatyfi** aat**o*£aa #f t&a Broanfain
m m at»4£a«. *ia aaala I I I feaaa *£•*» a t t&a «©XX*#a larol
vhtl* H i t Maaartatioa ataxia* f i f t fc fraAaa. f « » atapa
im
•*»* mapl*%*4i in th* mdapta-tion ©f tfeit teat t© fift& gra<5«.
3Uf##aty ©f ti» e»r« oo&oiaerad Appxt«*%&*
, t© ti» age and oospr*beaaion Xmvttl of fifth ffffttft*
3* Sftei, ««t««ory vt« «splftli»4 fa fiv* .
•t*t*a»jit*i ftoKst I# ill* seatmd $•*•©*, <m a ftmiMrei
froa *•* ft* tit# M*t favfeimtii# to nmK .m, %h» l»a#t.
3. A ferl«& of tti p^liaiaary for* #f tine teat *ae f£v«*
t© •itfkty-ai®* ftwte&t* *nd *«l#Irtia£* ©f tfc« l«#sft
<5*t«r»ia«d tvwt, tfe# p*?«»&tag»s #f atttdaate aa*fcia#
0li. _ i t#B »
4. *&• t*irt w*« r«wo*4«d t© b» approprimte r«r tit*
.. iNwwtiaf l«fll of fiftk. £*«*• aad. oopi#a a&3^o£t*pb#&
.f®* '«P9*asii*ttiMr fit -pipi£*•
.,?&• *ftt«£(»?£«» which were *»t»iB#a *•« wordetf.:t» tv<*
**y*f CX| »©«« ***• *iaf£* toras, Sill© "eliwfala©#*" or
U ) #wpk « m !&*&«•# in sueetioa tmm t® faeli-
it*t» &y tfc# *a*ll, as ia tii« ««t#£©*y nMm.wm
Such M m * MI eaotioaal aatiupity *#wt «liaajr«d
4*t» qu*«tioaa lilt »A*« yow b®iag ymx a«®fM *i%& tfe» da~ '
*mtta*» t»*ia* diff«*#ati*tio»a la d«fr»oi «f *a-
iw#t*w m m r n mem «*p#etia£ tb« papil# to aak« * •**!*-
P0iat€iff«**ati*t£©a ©a «««k * quality. - fftavmlM* «f
e*t»ffori«» ar» »ho*» in Appendix C.)
^ ttffei# vfetafe foliowi» allows tfc* p#*«*ata#«* »f p#ir«©aa
mmrklag **9h of tit# ©«t#i®Fi*» *nd tli* 9&&s««a*»t w£«l*tia*».
m m x f s i i
PEHCB1ITAGI R A T T H ^ OK i t t . © A t l S ® B l l S , SSX>F~SA?18@ BCALS .'•
D # « e r i p t i * « s t a t a a o a t Pa*©aa t i t £o l i a r k i n * ~ < I » i « h t i a g
®. l o o t f a * © * a 1 * l a . a s ; " 4
&. t h * » Ammm ; . i t *
o* A v e r * ? * / . * f 2
i . 'JMmmt t&am ' 1' -
» . L « a « t y * v o * * ¥ l o ..
Quo t t t o i a # x * g * i & t n g 4 « f i » i t t o a o f t o r a s « * i & t t & f l t f f t *
i l e a « f w o l f f i a n * * * « o o a a t i ® * * # i a y i f e f t f c * a « s £ a i # t * « t : i o a
t o t fe» * $ w t mmmpling o f e l a a a o a . M * a * t i © » a h m * & * » * • «
t o i f i s i . » b o u t • e i * * m * u n d e r s t a n d i n g * & . t * » t a a i s . o f ^ a t t f ~
rating mm* t o f a m s * # * • « % • * © l i 3 » « t i * i t y ,
. f t a o t %p a a a a l a f o r t a a « J » i r a * f * a t a i a a t a
t fco f a a a r a i o * i t a * i © » a f M a a i f - a a a a ^ t w i a a « mm «•*#*; f W l -
» © * * # f t # 9 ^ r | i | | t y « « a w * * * t f a * i t a * i a a # a a 3 L f - a a a a $ t ~
a a e a aa f t m t * i « I a t » a a e p t a a a a ® f o t h s r ® . f f c » e * f t a * i * o f
a a 2 . f ~ a * a a ? t a a a a « a * a aa f a l l a w a t ..
X . S a l i a a o n l » t a * a * I l a a « • * ! « * * .
2 . i a p a a i t y t o eopa w i t h l i f t .
3 . X * o : p o a « l M l i t | r tor I l i a a e t a .
4 . 4 a a a » t « p p a i a a * s d « * i t i a l a * © f c j e e t i i a l y .
f • A o a o p t a f a o l i a * » , l i a i t a t i a & a , a t a , # v l t t m l d i a t © * ~
U m ,
107
6. la a paraoa •§«*! t#
7. $o»» not otfcore to htm tiMtter ha
;lT»« raaaoaa os> set,
#• 9o*» ajA'tlrifciRk Witaalf m Mffaraat f*<>» «ifcMrtr,
9. X* sot sfey or aaif-«©a»ai®«a.
^ JNWMftl •* tfeaaa «:rita*£a a**' ralata# to tha 4t«aa oa
tli# Smti*$mti.ng &**%•$ tlutrafora, tfc* taaakara woiiM %• rat-
ing tfca tiyaimi •* araeh thm -mam a*ita*ift. It ii
tilt it *cnAi fca veil t© iaaimia tl» ayitairi* «f iwMptMMNr
©f otfcar®.. 'Wmm wttMh B*vg»r thought ai§&i.fiaaat mmn
t. INmm.set l*t« «r 9m*#m &%hmm wfcoa* WhaTior i«
Mtfmtm* t*m. M« ««».
2. Boa# act ivy to doalaata otfcara.
. $. ©oa# a©t a«auaa *»a$#»aiM:il ty fa* otliar«.
4. *wwi aot daay itytl of otfea-raj doaa Mt fa#l abo-ra
or fcalow t&aa.
f, Shows d«#ir« to iwwnwi «tl»f«.
6, 1m aa aatl*a f«ta;ra«t ia otkin a»4 * daalra f«r
actually *ati*fa#t©*y ralatloaa.
7. &•*•*«#» owa aalfara fithmt i*pia*inf oa wtgktm mi'
ot&ar*.
Wxom tliaaa «?ittrit mt iayalapani Iwm r point* afeiafe
wa*a ai*ai at wmMmg it iMsaaifeia fur tki taaaitay to pit# tit*
y«|U ©a aaay of tfea sana taaaral qu*Iitia« ©sw&iall. Iia he*
rata* fcUMMftf • {hi »at»rlal *«• wmtm into a aa©*» ilitt,
xm
with #lr«otio»« *t tft* top, a fcXaaJe fo* ia<iivi4tt*l f«
m>i» «il blanks Is froat «f •<> *lurt «k»«k
ttifM %• pl««»4 fcy those 1I«m *©*t
t^riatie ©f tfc» pmmm %*img wmtm. f§*« £pp*®$it $} W%m %Mm mm €m»0 *&» mx% wmWmm mm 1m mmmwt ill
«*t»go*i»#. t® m Stat pupil* at th«
l&m mM mi th*> *«»i* *©»!,« %•. 4**«rifeMt <ta «*to*©*i«*.
ffc* mmgrtlm irt*t«t*iit«i »)ur*a«i *n<l t&» e«cemd islwik **»
arranged i» tlit s»m» .anm** ** til# fi:r«i. fit* fifst ttUni
wa« m&UmK oa gi»it#iei«i of #*§.Hiiifliipi| • tit*
eaooad wis ttioaia«ti©a« ©» £r£t«9l* of £*ifHR*l«wtt0B«*
U»a tlm *•*# «opi«« wer* «i«oe- , |
*o Wm% m4k tMitor *©ttSJ !»•*• snoufflt of wiah for®
Jtar mm f««rWl of fee* «!*•«,
31*' «si#|r©ri#* wbmK 2a tko f#««tert:« Rating S#*l# for
Soif-Aoeofti®## a»4 *#i»» ««i Ia teil,
tfc* a«alM»* of -Hi* ltMHi ma kaXvod, witi tAtt&f** to wording
to f»eiJlit*f» im4ofstas41mi- % f t f t l #**#» yiyU**
tlvt tmem mm- pmpmwmi f®* (I) XmSaM>i«Mi fo* -io&f Aoooi i-
tat fpft©#*# -Ml fill- loalaftttojsM f#w Pwemm. tmltmUmew «ir»etion« oa all forae laeludod #»fl»iti©» »f
t*nw aad ta*t*«#ti«a* to «*I#.*t *0 aaiiy a# ftv# p«r«ona in
tba «&•*• wit© wml4 ft t tft* 4m*f|ririUMMr« SiaaJt*
mm •##«§ «t tlMi feettea 0# •#«!& fowa a»dth« aiaeofraphed
sIwsSe the namas #£ &3J1 ill til# t i t i v&# for «*«li ladivldm«l t© «oai»*timi*.
Mf
%nougl& of fc©t& tmmm wmm for pupils
taking part in tli© project.
$•«*»•• of i&* thd&ww thm% tfc# *l»sl*w and df#3r-*«©a#»a-
*stion eft»© IsfEwMii* * paysoa'a #*lf-**ti*g#* tfc*** imtisg
••*!•* w®r» ns#i t© «©I©et th® pupils ###ipi«.t#i *» M#k is
••lf~«o&«ept. tfc» «osva%&#*ti*ft of wmlt~xmtimg* by teftchers'
wvt&m$m *»4 p##* vtiisi* vss fnr $&• propew* of aiaiitfaiag:
tit*M tfe* ef * jrtttvaft for tfe« group lsig&
Is »«lf-eoa®«pt wit bts*6 oa tlut eritfi-iw of I n ©«% of
tfevv# yfttiafw ee Ǥtp#tr aoBisuities#
«aly £©* asa# lowor pupil ne&£m*tlest* *er©
wttitaMI *«e©*Nlia£ to tww%m**W tftlNilstioa® m *©tfc formi with
d£ff#v»»»« scores 4»t*«^aisf- til* fia*l rasking.
Wyepmrntiwa ot «» Mnkvior Probleis
. . It i8 tit* ©f t&ia gijuMMrtttlos t&sft eMMwm with
• pm&r t torn* p*tt#sM of b«h«irior •feick «y». aai«
edaptive m€, timt tfetir Te&mt&mnhtpm with %1mtw pmmws an«
witl* adults tarn aot sfttiaf^iag. lldf t&$»ia 1* sslbttsm-
ti*t«<I ly P*©*»f»!©<?> i« t&e etataaeat. th*t: *#<t intimate 4»
Wtm mXmtimmMp tot**** #»lf «a& il»* #©«£•& eaTiroxra«&t;
t&*t f t mw %• wmmnpM ttatv-ttoz* <£•<»» 'w&m&$w%mM% ©f
wsA r«fl«#t#<0 ia maiftajustHent
fa i»t*rp«ir«Ks©*fcl .; •
In hmr te*wwml®m ot oMMrmu found la tfc*
Jf»wt fit®*t£l» ©f mmmptmMlltf %k*t% *1* /*S1 tli#**
Ud
children, fftilwo is tbo »»t*%ii#liBomt of ft<8ofHftto social
i» tli» eosuton fftoto*. Sooial £«*xm£»ir k«« too»
ts*iofiiftto to aoot sooial aituationa.* mm t&o
ohildran fmnNt Is. tfco fwiiil* <« tlteroo «*tOfO*toot
(i) reeasaiva, (2) »ooi*iiy wMJrt#wMt«t# mi O) oooiaAiy
laoffoatlTO.
lMi*r(4) tei iuuR# • atudy of t&o trait#; of children
aoeially -mi oooially uaawosaaaful. H« found
•••oral trait* wM«& ifffara&tlatad th«aa t*o tyyt*
of ohllgrostt 4*rta*» mogswmtvmmm# ayapatliotia raapoma,,
f*io«tif»o«», fooft l<wkl^f, lt|fr> oatliaftiaftti#,. valeoaad,
U«|lt«Y» aad Mtlff ia rooitatioaa. Tha •yatroaot *o*o
naaifoato^t tlia flmt t&at of t&o §rt*?oat> affrooai** portoa
with an«& yomaH&ity trait# *• aothuaiaam, l«fisi»
mIIti partiaipattoa In raeltatloa*. ffeo oooo&i •fairawe 1*
t&at ©f bavin* • plaaaiaff apjMMMrasoo, • iiofo^itioa*
*a6 friaadly attit«4«#. Hwat flat trait* say fee foaa* *1.#®
a##oaiat©4 witli aatual £rioa«oM|M», It ia Skis tfeaala Iktl
•nongh $0&mf ahoul4 I* allowoi in ffroup control -to pmwftt
tho daralopaaat of ooao -iariaf an# iaitiatiro aa« aoaa aoeially
appro*a<i affrooaiioaoo#, flil* tko attitiHlo* Hi k£ai» of %o-
ltevitar ooooatial to frioaaiiaoo* auat ftl«o It davalopad.
llair<2) found tlwt rooiataaoo to adult authority waa
ft mtrong oliaraatorioti© of t&a proaiolooooat, Tbia
toriatia t« aantioaad *o*y of ton in diaouaaiona wit* oiaoo-
roo* taaoliora, aa4# for tJio aoat part, tJ*y io aot aoa»i€©r
m
i t £a tlwi «**• l ight *• ©tiiioat# ©# child «»*»l.©i»©at. I I
£» * wry mmmm f la i ia# tkat *«tfc«*it)r tar'
•ale© i* tiw fcaokfeoa# «f el*»»rooai. "oontrol.* '
Buring tfe© fear aoatha iftjMHLftli t©#ti»£ «•« £©iag ©a,
tiwM wmp© opportvmiti«« f©* #©»*©*•»«©* vltb t©««li©*© ©»
«*•©» ©f mn»* «©ae©ra to tfe«n. Qu»»tion® o©ao«rain*
t©«t rmmulta, requests £©* feolp ©* •#»£©» a* to lov to dMl
witk ©©so p«*»©»al>it;r pf©M«* Is- tlM «2^©»r©©ar- th«»« w n
v©*y fr»t*©at «la«« « l l «oop«ratiaf *#•#$•!?• fcaow tfc© ^mr-
p©»© aa* %&» ©xt©a* ©f ife« «Mr» Typ#« mt p*©fcl©a» *#n-
ti©»«i *#*• -talli©# oa ©»«h round ©f t#»ting for ©••* £a-
liviAnBl *«®eimr» i&* ©*to*©*l©» *»*• aantyaoturedr, for. the
f i r s t imw mmMm ffe©a ttt toaote** f»«qu»ntly »»1»4
qu»*tion» •©*«©*&£»* tk© fellowta* ife*©» *r«aa:
3.. ffcat in yea* ao«t m&i&m yMfcMi in ©i*«*i?@©*
f • ffeiali « M l l m **• jrevy aoot »©ri©»»
3. Sow vould | w •&*•*££? t in behavior p*©l&»» of
th«a* particular efcildraat
Yfei©' afttonrial vmm a^aia tallt©* «»i plaooi la ©at©#©*!©#,
ffc© ®©iit fwHta^atljr aoat£©a«£ eatagoriaa «i f» i ( i )
•£-*• 'Mmitwr t©*a*« ©tli©* eMUraa, <£) aa-«©efHai?at£v©a»«©
ia (a t i i vew group wm% ($} wit&djrawiag baliavior, (4) ia -
witairity or inability to liaadl© aoaiaaie *©*fc» (5) poor hoa©
feaelcrroaai, (6) ai#iat©*aat.
112
- l i t « i of U* MpMrimy wools a f t e r
I n r t w f 1 B*ti»ir» b*a %ooa *ol£o«t«i, * mm Iael«4£»g %%*
above «3.*«#£f£oa$£o»« va« given to ©aoli Gn tkt»
t&wm alio **# »sko£ to writ# tlio msec of papila in &o* olaaa-
*©©* wlio f a l l £a*o mmh pariiaalaar «£aBaiflo*%i©*i. Bw i t s
*?*&• w#*o £*o»*£f£o4 oa th» n«w elaa«ifloation altoot c»i
• 1. _lMdMHrtar» vi tk tiara* *\ifc«oatog©i?£#a,
3« 9itfeix*viftf >ai»vle»#. *£tli f ray a«fc^aat*to*ioa.
3. M«£iit*tfoa t o l .
4. l3BI»tttf«,
$ • JMlalMcai •
6. B£«I.£fc#B otko##.
iswafear of iaatf t ta ta i aa problems in el*#*«
*©o« masa#*»aat variod fm. tJtiroo in on* a las* t« es aiay a*
Soao of ilia oXaaaoa *ltoffla4 oiudonts f » oaly cm* ©*
two of tfco a£*. pvi*»lpal oatogorias. 9tfeev* aito*«6 ea»»
pnpitm of t&o *at«f*v£e#, M wttfc so •pooifio
t o £»«£aato aoit«aiit*«tio» of | > 8 l l « « i In oao a***.
*&•» ttia ttrtjr **aaUfl«ati*a* M feooi* **«• it taaaliay
ooafoi?oi*«oa» only * .fa* pqtil* Iia4 toooa jaaat£os*e4, those '
f a t t f s # aaatly £«. th« I m i <iu«rtil<js oa tfea *o*i«a*t*l* ««•
aulta. 8e*a***, whoa t!*o olacelfioaUon sheets m m fillod
m % toward t&o l*a% ®f tho »«•», aaay of tHo cases idanUfiod
oa tlioaoforaa foil £» tfc« a£4«la f«a*t£l«a oa both tlia
sooloaotrio mmMim** ** i £a tfao •«!f-ratin#a.
U 3
, fli# total numbor of pq>U« . la' t M * •Immvcmni a##-
«t«Mst plutM «f' til# #*M)r w*« ttt» Tli« p n A « of pTQ%l*n
o&*«* l«»atif!•«, Iw>*©ir#3f, was 151» #lm«« «««• jmpil*
amtitimi i» t*©» tli*«% or four of tlw**t*#0*£««, It «aa
%• « m b fanm XIX t-fcat •i*ty-fow of tli* pupils «##»
tioaai in tli« low #*lf~#«ia«#ft group, wkmtmm^ ©aly *«f#»
yvptl* «£*»*tf£*4 aa tevtay * MgJt §#&f*«a»«*pt v»r* iagieat##
a» tola* p*obi«»s Ix «l*j*»*oo* mmgmwmt. It ia #£f*ifl«aat»
»*v**ti*.*l.*a#,t tfckt fifty-oa# mi tlwi ptipila a«»ti®ii*« o*rae
ftfoa « • two alddle t«*»t£i#« aocoriin* t# e«if-oone»pt,' only
••*** l»iriae fe*«a pr#*io*«ly a»ati.«a#i 4m tft» individual mm-
t m w m m m vitfc tfc* eiaserooa t**«lmr«. f M » z>*fi#<it* • i£#~
*•*«•*» Wt**«» Infernal m m ttrtftlMi cettoNFtac' of n u .
TABiE XIX
ui sflBysx
& * # • • » . .
mgk i mmrn : .-Urn
I. • 8 ' \ 3 '•XI II. 1 5' 4 10
til. 7 i f
. 'if. •; •1 ' • -• -f _ •• ••
f, 1 7 ' £
• 'fl. - % • 4 £
' TO. - ; 4 • :
2 A
U 4
6 1 * * # l » f ; f a t a l 6 1 * * # l » f
^ mgh mmx*: i" "•' % • «
f t t t . ' ' $ i ' ' ; * •' *' " IE,' ' • X a 1
' • ' X , 1 $ % 7 ; 1 4 "
' I S . • 4 9 ' ' t
J T 1 JMMk* %: 4 1 1 '
mm* • X 1 3 '•" f ' iKftf "
* 1 4
; * . • f " . ." 4 ..
l i x * ; ' f".'; &» Tototli 7 ' • s i -i 6 4 : l i t
T « M » * * , a f c U h f®ia.e«», rim « t e t m w l f at «*•«
t a « r t » f t k * n i x p n U M t n u to tte>
« s r « i » l « « M * » f t t e i n prtXUm * • * • t * t r l t a r u « t o
f v y t l a u tolmtiar t o ti» l o w v t l f - a i a n p t g r o u p
T A E 1 2 X X
mmwrnmm m m w m m m c a t e g o r i e s
iu
$ • % • « © * * j ; §#lfHI©»«fcjs$ © r o m p * T o t & l •
$ • % • « © * * j
* t # n j i Lotr
i t p M f i n !
* j • • m 1 4
! J 2 1 to ' 4 #
tt*
mm Bflhavior totftl Bflhavior
It«& j KlMl© ' • Jto*
Maia-t#!*-' . ®«i»d i 5 U I t
Zwst&lmvi i 6 I f ' 24
% <Hl«ra i « 17 t §
0l8l ik#o ' 0t3j»r»
.
2 ; *
* ' *
¥«*«& : V j 0 #? m
f « U l So. ~ Voplle ! 7 ft 64 ; i32
It mm i » mm f m t*bX* t&*t two areac with
tfc# fcig&est £r«q»*&«l«# ara tfeo** shoving mg&mmiv* tel*a~
i©r *nd vitMr&wi&g lrite*X«r, ffe« ZnmmMem in jmVlwaiiaMP
for tfeMHi tv» #«%»feriMr i s sliewm in fatfel* XXI. ,. , .,
A anoH**- «£ witJ*
iMriurrio* ;*#*« l a *&» l©w group. la *&©#« •el»#a«'|«*i««€ f i t l i
vltfeixftvtaff behavior, th«r« was* *» #<t«al awdtt* #f %ow« ftad
s i l l i e s ! v i l k ©»iy t l m i » Mffc M&f-MWMpt |*«ap.
0n» i»%«?piN»tat£©» of lhi« n&ght 'Jiol* « l t t t&# t&m&imgm #f
tltftt a*gMr**l v«a*f# i« sere ©JM*a iat*rpr*t®3;, *s
problem te!avi«r t&* 4«T«lo;wat of" 4mwtng *&4 %fe#
<$hmvm»%*T±&%i.G &£ imttlmtim Mm o*CHt"l6*le*f ia favor of .
v i * t Jt» «*U>« *£*•«*#••"
m
i saomexxs im 6TO~fttfKoftxis of km&m&tm a«B mmmmwm wmmtm
1. i « » N « i f i Bohaviort Number
a , ®oao*al**o« (Towartl ••®ryon«) i f %• ?©***« Spoelfie Individual# u «. t 0 M H A l l l l t . , f
Total Xaataaooa, i f f f M i i v * M w r i a v • * # M
*• T i lMnvSa i Itfetviort
*• «•*•!•**••«» <X* «Mt or *11 «i t«at ioa») . , a t fc. X* Spooiflo Situation* 14 #. Ik fwwr fcroapo • . . 12 4U Fro# I M I A»«oeiatioa . . f
*®*al I^ iasaaa, . litfcirawia* Boharlor . » . 4£
I* o«* « Im Mi a o t t l k m t l » t ©f tlio « i r t? - foar y « | i u
aoatiesoi i t Uw Murvlwr a laaatf toat ioa for* as feoloat&a*
to tfco troap ®f U@ having « low oolf-ooiwopt,
tliirty-aairo* of ifco* w e laelafto* la the fimal *r©*pa,
mmwMfr 30001 #
«»ljr f l w paplla M l of *ixty-aovoi1 in tit* a i t t M Mffc
•olf-ooaeapt **©isp or f yty cant wo*o t l M f i f i K mm bahavior
profclaM; tttMr-tmiI ©* ff y«* eont of tlio low aaXf-eosoapt
w o m m aia»alf lo4. fi*a n i n n u i la a i f n i f i e a n t ,
i t l l t 7-1 fa ftkiw «f tlio lowa.
fk*oo of tfco probla* a*oa# torn i m l « r ftfttitMtwi
A*froaalwo, l l tMrav l s* , t t l Xasatai*. H m «•»• aoro
profclaaa l i f t x tfcaa y i | l U » t v r t v t l paplla l « i a | *aatio»o4
t * two oatoterloa. Although toaohanp do »»* ooaaiatoatly
• m
fiitt » | f '
m m m m x m u . m t u b + m m e m m m m six Bwrntm* CATEGOfilBS. KATCHEB GROUPS ' '
Sabavie? ; ' C*t#fo*y
Mgfc fttlfHftMMapt; Qspoap (I«47)
~ I»o* Salf-Coaoept":
Group {11*67) Total
Aggvmmmtit* •' ' •;' ~ ' a -* at- • 11
Withdrawing 1 ii ; If
UfiltCVM^I ., 0 * 6
@ t# 10
&i*lik»6 ty Oil«f« L 3. * t
Blalika* Gth»r» © • • * • 1
Total PrafcXaaa . "1 '; " 4® 5?
fetal JtariMtr ..fq*n»!(..; 5 42
ola««lfy pupils with m im ••lf-ooa««pt a* feahavlor preMoits,
ill#** ©eeur« * gwmmfr proportt©* of tfcat *roup wlio fall
iate «««& *la»#lfl«ati©» than ef ifca M*!* •#2,f-eeae«?i *roup.
.'.•••• Administration of - fasts
Siirt#«a fiftfc *»*• given **© #«*«§ **# t&« e»ll~
fornla - Aohi#veggBt foatt F©*a §0-*$ aia-»«a««t«r, *&•*•*#
f#«» SB w»» at tli# «lo#« «f th» aeliool |ttr. ffc»
Saltfog&ia feat of Mont»1 jjatayltar, S3,#a»ata*y» Short f«l%
*»# ffJtra toail aixtaaa claaeoa. itvw *atia* aoalaa an*
tw© Socion«trie ?<«*• war* alao £iv«n. fa® of tlia original
11#
alxtaan elaaaa* am* ti# o-lli#* ala*««« adparat* from tlia ****-
•if»l atuay natrieipstenS la tte vallAltjr #t*uty. l»*olla«at#
flta total vmtim* of pupil# *#**•« m. aaa* £jutar«M»*t an* tl»
aualser r#®alai»fi» wli& compl«t« stattstlas for tto fiaal a»*l;jr*i#
•*# ahowa In fafcl# XXXIZ. layollaaat **»i#6 from aatall alaaaa#
vill * total during the ammmtmm &t firtynix aaafe.
tttlt
^ t . yjffrf<»«E WZW990$fc WW, SIIfliH FIFTH GRADES
Cleea • * # «
^ Ratings metric
tCAf | ;X* •
j II*
p K ] «• • WEX&&&& ; Sill
fatal Cleea • * # « «* !# • foaaliex' :Pmm metric
tCAf | ;X* •
j II*
p K ] «• • WEX&&&& ; Sill
fatal
I. • I« : • $ $ l« • ' * ? : 11 • IP : m 31 XI, 41 22 m : 41 41 M 44 : 46 II III. Pt iWr'
46 : It ' 46 - 46 : •41 : 14 4$ 46 II ft. . IS ; ; M 33 II •II ; at 11 II if' T. 33 ' II! II 13 ^ • at 11. II 29
•?i.: H- : : 16 IS II m : 11 11 32 31 •fix. II ; 16 : 11 n • m 12 ii II 32 *' H J*#.« 12 :• 16
! 32 12 : 32 ! 2f 32 : ft m IX. II 16 11 II > II II II II 11 x# : II : : 16 . 11 II i II ' 2$ 34 23 ; 32' XX. : 1® 16 : |0 10 3# 27 , 27 30 27 XXX • 10 16 1® I# It if : at l« 27 XXXX. : H 1 : 16 11 M m ' 26 21 1 11 26
mmm-w % II. 16 ; II : II 11 29 II : II m ;3PF« m 14 ; 29 at •tr 26 2t I ' 29 26 xtt. : ; W.1 14 : m ; *7 27 ,27 ; ' 27 27
Seta! 516 26f 116 f|6 f|2 471 fat 472
California A«M>T«B»at ftat.
*—* of Maatal iiti>itT.
•quai to v&p*T aa« lowar only,
Tl*a total X f«p t!*» aixtaea alaaaaa wm $3t# *«M»4Jfet
t© aarollaaat during tl*» Ma»«t«r, ftrop-wifci aa4 alfeaoataadem
119
4 n r l a f 3,&«t fcimialatratlcm <*£ A e M o v o a o a t $ « e t 8 W A S y * «
SfpoaeIfel# f o r i»eoss|>l©t® ic.it; o n ® i x t y - s « ¥ O a p-sipils, a « M i i f £ \ -
t & e t o t a l attafcojp * w a i l & M e f o r e q u a l -I® 4 7 2 »
1 ac<3 'X? £wm %h® pvlmipml rmmxitk -mm wo#
wiife t * « « t b * 9 torn f o s t - S o t o a t £ * t a o n t & o
itp.ifoig'* • * # * * * • $ $ , $ $ p % % , *a<l 2 t * o » p # # t f ¥ » I y , mMMg
a t o t a l » « » & • * o f H i - £ © * t M a j w r t o f t h o
ffe* « ^ H « l t a { $ * • « & • * « i » t » * « # t « a l a t h » m m l t *
o f fit# t o a t i a g f r o * *9t> iri# w p o f a t e s (1) t & e m*nl1w o f tlia
M t i U r t w i i N i * $ • # * • * » « floata! Umtiirfty f o o t # «**•• a v a i l *
ftkl* t © tlia* w i t h i n a f » w i a y a a f t # r t a a t t a f , a » 6 < 2 ) oaljr
t w o o f tfeMR M 4 villi a o e l o a o t r i e i a a t r a a o a t * M t a r *
a n d tkay- w a r o e o a a a f i i o a t i j r feotli m w t & m a a d l a t o y o a t a # o o a -
• a v a l s * t h « y o a a l t a a a # a a o « t atsofe i a i r t M M t a M M U l a a o n # $ f
tlta aafeoola tfearo iMuft Immmb is© t a s t i n g pmo&mm p r i o r t o t M a
* a « * a » a l u l a o t k o y a , t * a t a s t i n g « a « % » t t s t # i t o tlia « f t i *
u a t l a a o f ' traaulta f v o a r a f a l a * a l a a a a t a v y t a n t i a * j / w i & N m *
. t h e f l * » t S o e $ o i i « t * t e T « » t v o m i t # a » r o r a o o r d o d © a t * o
i m S o s a a y H P o a a o a # # a I « « i 9 | t ^ h » ' flit* t u i l ^ a a 4 « r -
a t c o d , a a v a 4 a | m t l i a l o f t t w « m a a y atfcar a t a l i a t t *
aotltoda o f alioaiajr r a a a l t a o f a o e l o a o t r i * t M l C i a a t a a d a
tli* g^©af;l«,ff o f p i f i l a w l t M s t & o o a a y t o i i o a t l f y a s #
i»»ta»t3.y K u o b « « r | r i « « « * a s h o w n l a a a n y l a * '
s t a a a a * i a ^tSflk tfeo t a a a k a * M o a o i l M o o a e o v a i a g tim a t a -
t « » o f t h o p u p i l v i t b i a t & a g r o u p a s § t & a afeftlivas t % * a a o l v o a
120
ttti * kttUr lifftml ©a*. A caatll ©* t&* efcll-
**•» **** iaol*t»«, ©aly l » l w out «f f|6 aNMM&rfat no •!»*#•#.
f*fcl* IW» thaw tlw number «t laolatM, tb» distribution
#f witfcia tb» «!«•*•«, *a« tli* mw9mw of
•killm IWfiAr aw wataal «Iu>1«h.
yjqffi* yyyg
C0HPA1IS0* tt Risstfi or socioasmt m i s , it cussis
Claaa *©.
laroXl- : MVi
; P m c»at fte* Cant | : 0** V© t • :
|p*r iMai M if"
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: fetal ; Mat&ftl*
J»ww1pIH$* Mutual#
I. ft .00 .08 •19 M * i l.f XI. 4$ .04 *62 .26 6§ ' l.f HI- 46 ,02 •94 3 4
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If. If .00 .01 3 4 .12 64 l.f
If . •IS6 .16 n : 2.1 ~ « • It .#1 .21 4t.f 1.5 vsx* ! II .00 .86 .28 fl.f ; l.f m t . If .#1 .00 .11 li.f : i.i XX* 5 II .#1" .If .11 II. f : 1.8 i.' II .00 .00 •11 4f.f ! 1*1
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TftUI «* .912 .048 .2f t»**s : i.i
Sua of actual® on fcoili ifltotU iivllil *r *•' • iv. Mat.
411 *#«p»«*£©a *# tin autual tkolMt lm Ik* ilittn
w w i W that 15 *•* m t ©f m%% tt«li»l« r®caivad
s« a»t«*l «hoi«ea. m t aiatrllmtion «f amtnality fe®X6i *tt&
tiwerjr that it* •oaially ***©»# «*11* it h m h U i t|.
tftfl*! 1© • t h m vlie mm likawiae aoaially- atron*.
Is %h* aatohad groups used far c©apa*ia©a tlms* wa*a
se ki|ta wlio had a l«»Mi taasrlila ffatiag on aoeioaatrle
atatwt,. waa ©aly ©aa i«v iM t&a a*teh«d grmpe who had m appai- tHftUi ratlag- oa ilia loeiosatrle taata, ••
mhemn la tfe* following Uttt,
fllli rv»
sisfaxssTio* of mmnm wmmm m fS0tt# E4TCHS© GROUPS
Qaartila
I m p 4 f 2 ' * ! fatal
U4 *»)*«* 47 16 4 • m XdHHI 1 19 ft 14 m
Slaaa ii* Miitailfii taaia wmm aof Ik* fcaai# for a»-
laetioa at feifli m i lev $roup», . tkl« 1* atroaf iadlaatiea of
» *a2>ati©»aMp featwaaa «ooioa«trio sitUw aad aalf-*a*i*|r
a®d/or laval ©f aalf~ao&aap*. Although a faw pap 11a rata '
thaaaalraa unr#»li#ti«llyf f*r tfca aajority mi mm %l»*a
la a rafla«tioa of both im»lg%% aai ©fcJaetiTity in tfe* h«t that tfeay d© mat •«• ttcaniTc* at too •««?•«• atataa frosi
U » way that ot&ara *•• thaa.
t&aiea waa an indiaatioa iktt thoaa to tlia Mfh aa*f«
aomaapt fveap mm *%mwt to ratia* tfeaKaalvaa aa other* ratad than an « H «ocioa»#tria taata. OaXy l««f iadlTidaala
had Mil item ©aa ftwrttt* diffaraaaa As ratings, flUt 16
»•* «*»* ®f tha Iowa had a larfa diffaranoa.
122
fit*?* was * f*o*t ioal of ftlfforoaoa ia tte alaaaaa
in tli« pnjMt. iia* of tfco clauses eaa« fro* a m i l torn
ia a rural afrarlaa aa* aill •eoaoay, wharaai M f M *•**
troa * aaall towa euburfcan to Wtl laduatrial diatrlet aad
metropolis. fit*?* aaro vil* tlffaraaaaa botvaoit maaa I.Q. '#
of olaaaoa vit&ia tk* two aroaa aa nil as b*tw**» tli* ana
total I.Q.'t of til* *alm?l>aa aad agrarian aomaaltlaa* Wmm
apoalfloally, aa afcoaa la f»U* XX?I, four of t&o ol*»§*« kad
a a*aa 1.%* lovor thaa 100. Tbo alaaao* ar# roportod la t&»
aaa* ©rdor aad alt* tl** mm Roaaa aaa*ral« a# la etAar ro*
porta, 0a* alaaa vltli aar * of if kad a a*aa X«Q* of 112#
akllo a***ral olaasaa w*r* at til* 10? s&aaa. Two olaaaoa,
tfeoaa vltk tli* lar«*st oarollaoat and la tfc* aoaioaatric
alaaa of tka loaat kad a*aa I.Q.'i of §6 aad 19*$
for I*a of 44 aad 45. fit* variability of olaaa also aad aoaa
X.Q. la aot considers <5 to eatis* diatortioa or loatlat of St**
tlatlaa ia a group thia largo a# fha a*aa for tk» wlt©X* group
of fZ9 *tad*at« oa whoa Hiatal Matarlty toata aaro takoa aaa
101.7* Tilt la ooaparafela *ltk aatloaal aerat oa alallar
populatioaa. Tfco faot that tfc* 'a*aplla$ la wid* aad laalaioa
aaok rariod populatioaa rolaforooa tha atudy ratkor tkaa
voakoaa It.
It aaa %o aooa froa th*a* r*aults that tbo aa^plla* aaa
«l«l«at* ami that It do*a aot diffar alfalflaaatly froa tit*
aoraal popalatlba which has alallar aoaaa for tko tjrpoa of
ooasaaltloa aaod la tkla axporlmeat.
XXVI
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124
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St I# fMi %h*m* of ife« toots «<|jaini®t»r«a to
tko »ixtoo» o£«oooo tfcot ooiloetloao w«r« gtoio to* fmrtlio*
study. iooli latflviiatl olooo **» ooaa&ftovo* nlr for tot*l
mmii&to «al witM.a~ol*oo t*»*ti$o troop isgo. It i« ia t&o
atatistieal trootsoat of Asto' tfcot furt&o* ooap*ri*on» vfll
WW- o
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foot »toj>o voo* fcoooooory ii the ocMMiiorotloft of' tlio
rooutt® of tfeo tottia* ia tbo oJoooo*. «*t* @a tie*
r»liaMlity of tfeo SoIJHtetlacr iaotroaoat were .
•foooa#* tfao oritorlo* of *t*o dot of tferoo* r»tia*» wa» ap-
pliad t@ tfeo results of tft* tfcroo ratiag tooto, Villi two
*roopp for fartlior troataant. ' 9fcir§» froa I!mn
too fro«po 'W* oolootoi oritorio* traop* «( "Itigtio". and
*lo»o* oa tha tooio of aato&iat ©f 2.3.'•. fonrtli, tltooo
orttorloa gxmpa nmm ooasporot to too wfcot sigaiftooat dlf-
foroaooo oxlotot %otwooa tJioo. '
two of tli* troupe toitiaf $«rl in th* roMofcfMtf atudy
•o*® fro* oaotikor oo&ool sot toldtag pm% it tlo prinoipal
»rojoot. ffco«o two oSjumoo 1*1 **« of' ft aad 21 roopoo-
tivoly. ffeo orftorioa oolf-rotiat*. *lov X Soto Hyooif,* woo
*ivo» aJooooo oorly £a tlw ooaostor. St aftt w*lil»-
iotoroi oatootly t»o vooko lator. **• rooofcto of tit* toot*
ro**toot ooaporiooMi yialdad eooffiaioato of •fjt aad ,141.
ioajaloto data «1U %o M ia ToWo mil' in Appaadix »,
126
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ntt «!»»§•• I •»«.« i&lel* ** tit i»~
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giv»». :**• tw© «*»##•« k*« *'• of J$ «*i 35 •
II* -few© yftlirt f-alitMlity « o * f f # £ .755 •»#
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alafc*« *f «0aatJim«y la «m «M« 9*Ytl«*lav
*•**. It *ti©itl« 1** aot«« !•** %**m mm *
•litfit Ik smmi #f *U tm* gxmp* m %te fta* ail *» tfc* f m #i**«ti«»a# tl»t of * alifirtly lw»r mm
thm m ttf flwa* *•«%. fka **«*&ta a*» all©** 'Is' i W $&!$*»*
Ing M&t*
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Th® data indicate %h*t a m i l l»» tti tan**®©? *« » U
hi***if *©aaia%a»'*I.y tw&m mm t# tt» »rt. Hi* raliaMlity aaaffiaiaata m i»«i«aiiva **£ a eeaaiaafty
ia m mmmm&m.' ataisiatyatiaft# mi t&a taai
127
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#$• X©»««3? i a t » r r« l #f i&r## aoathe. ' ' f l # t«« t , *S<m I ' l« t#
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l i a b l e i»«trwn©st t m m * *# * wit#**©!! $##% f w s*«eiHfia£ *&•
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oided tlnit I*©* ifei# 0mi #t lwr two «*£*##£« for %&•
designation ef tfc» p#*son &*Ti»# * fciffli *9«2.i
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w«« • «&##& ob tlt# "l*!#'* ©# t&» tasutaMy 1u» ©v#t-rat«.
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t*«t i»£ ©a t t o aeeond achleveaent t n t i *©*# 3MM*p©a#itot# fo r
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placed Hup papila* ire#**#. St tfe# thi rd eoluam
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BIBLIOGRAPHY '
1 . %* M., *9fc* S.»a*ti®a»Mp S«t*»»a Expr««a«.d i « -•»pt*a«* of #* i f «at !&*•«•#« Ammptmm «r Otfc«rs,*.
[0«tol>«r, 11 re,
ft. H a l * , 4 . Witt and f i U i . 1 1 a. Stun**, - {ggj^g* | | | S*w f©**,^S5
;$. W I . » "**• #tt®»*wwy of $*>#i©a*tiri« Seoro® . mM ffcrtr B»l*tion«hdf t® T.aoher Jufigmwita «r Sooi*l
SrnaeMs «»4 to f#*«©*ftii*3r " * *1 1WI , 46'f-a4. !>
fWl •yil,lllir,,g*' f** i t# ®f S®ai*lly 3u«o«a»-Socia l ly Wmmmemmtnt w " * *
5. 4 Sfiii4&r
c m s ) , 4 4 * $
' *»d So«ioa#tritt maiJCifi. j i i | | f f l t l i l i | » IX*' »••*©», *«w York,
Su66#««, . _ S o c i o * ! M i Background, t&4
A*oa* Sohool CttUUtvwa i&'Srai** ftlS t» ?,* ~ ¥11(1944) , 24-ff*.
?• l t e i i W « » M * «*t**Ui«r «f t l » eiswation #r i i m » m u i i » * r ' •' ~
' i w foipis:, %m*t
9. Morano, 3M*# , 'Sociosetry t» Cla*sjroon, I I (19431, 42 *~ i i .
US, SwrtftMifv H* l>»* w0ixt#iit#iM»-t A StUjr #1" tlui INifsoiiftJii'fy P«tt*r«a «f C&il4lr*a 1*nwk% Aoeoptabla to f M l f 4gr»
* * %
•mw* l # l
i§ft*93, * w ^ w Jp-
*** (£944), 10-24. 1 1 • « » • * • * , S U t t t o t * *»# *4* l a O | » i « of th« l i ^ l i M l l | «
fc»tma A m m I m m of *»<i R»ap«ot | «» *nfi Ae««pt-*««* #f and R«0P»ot f w m m m m mm c«»•• ,*
. taml j £ f w W i y g *^+WMhh> m i a w ) , 169-75.
114
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«oaeltt#l<m« ©f "III# iltl; Mil %© wftk tk» fflaiist*
«f ftiMTt oa tl»«# p#£»i»t
I* f&» «©l#~©«»iM*pt «« * wpp»«#at»tf*» m m m m #f tl*
total p#r»oa«Xlty.
$• ImliiNMr i» #©i£-imtiaf».
I. M©«r©j?*a«i©i® m, mi **la«|a#t»©at.
4. %m*%9 •• #i#«***l,»atiaf' I M m t i
*• Hifffc *n« low
k. liffli isl 1©* *«M©v«B©at.
«. Mmwimw #f mmrnXv mmmmM. «a«
»o«l*lIf na»ttee©«*fHX ©Mlisaa.
f. |t»M«i«ltl|r #«3Lf-l»tiat *s a MyvtMatativ* »©*««?»
•f tite total ©ffaeaality.
*• *1©* I lat© Hywlf" aa * #I»a*t*ILaat4*f t©«t.
7. iVMJMr ©JMHra©t**i*tt«« ©f ISfglta aad love,
i. f«««fc©r ittlags a&i iiiifier ©iaaitifiaat£©a*.
f. ftI14.»ati©» ©f X©a4a*a3itp and group 4yaaal«* I*. tlia
•Imwnhmu
10. »©Satl©a*M;p ©f S©lfH£oa«©pt t© aatiirattea* l©iumlitff
aswft »lK««fe6B adjuataaat.
119
136
tk* oolf-eoaoort £• tilt a m f£vos % L#oky{13) to tli*t
orff&aisfttioa of ld«*« oad ottltadoo ooiMMN&ftf tlti «olf«
Sogera(20) tflliii **£» tfcoo*y *y U» tliooio ttei • porson
will not oooopt idoo* *t v*»£«soo wi%h wkm% hm ooastd«r* to
bo %*«• o* ek«r*otorl«tio ofconf klgMil, . &*ygf' tad Comb®(24)
%ol£o*o th«t ©fcoorfod olMMrftotov&fftioft «n Mtt£foftt*tI«M of
ik* quality ©f tko total personality and, a» «ueh, ooatoia
opooiflo oharaotariatiea iioatlf£o&3,o vitSi t&at totality,
in tfco baai* of t&o*o t&o©ff£oo w&loli poatnlato tliot
#%«o*w# 1>o&**£©* £• ladioatlvo of tlio poyooaaltty *%mm-
t**o# i.*„ idaas oad ottitmlloo mmwmixm *o&f» tki
8oaol.«&« ot*dy found tl»t £io&tlf£o€ •• i loajaotot,
ae Mttfiw problaaa, ov oo profeloao In Mooipilao or Ola##-
room i»UMMroaoat had Moo* ooaoo*a£a£ tlioaoolvo# which r»-
flootod fooi£*fO :Of ia«4«quaey, £afo*£©2p£ty,. mafeolo&fiafaooo t
fsrtfeanw**,. aoaoldor tfeosoolwoi oltlio* «* iifforoat ©a? •»
toiag- traatad diffarantly £x>oa othar oMMwoa i» tha *roup.
^MMi«ovCf2) found • ooaoiotoaoy it svlstioMkip batwaan
oolf-ooooptaaeo tad aoooptoaoo of otl*o*o and Bo?gor(X) found
auch tl» oaso .looiilto «itl *MsoX*ti«M ltotwooa J6 and .69.
Phillips(17) «t£ii*«4l t&o soao tool*a£«iioo and auoh of tfco
»»ao orito*£o ooompiag oiailo* Siailoirly, Ho*ar«(2G)
fcypothaaiaad that Um» «otf*ooooft£af individual tomdt# to 1mm*
%otto* iat**p*v<MMM& rolatioaa. MoIntyra(14) foaad * * ,46
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lo*<7), Xat«<U>, «ai SoaUoyO.®) hold that attitudaa torn*
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eth»T9 —»vmwr in * ai*#otl©a wit* toward
#«lf asd tliat tfc# * * & f i s r#lat*d to tha vain# ayetan
of tha' individual.
6mh findings mm «©**©!*©*• t«4 fcy tfe» MM&w»*r~Zvwlng'
*%*iy 'In _. tk»t ft found * p&ettiw* mZmttmmMp Mmm aalf-
*«£ ««ti*f* V ©tkfcwi 'mi Wis# # .
paraon but it aiao t&at «s«& m*i*&
greatly tmm vlmta t© olaaa,
%#ia# hitfiaat is ©la »c«« with tiiemore .authoritarian teac&ara.
propoaod tlMit *•*•»•* wmehmtm*
*&•» • is «© inadequate tkat it
* threat to tha if®. ?&.# intarnal <ioafll®t j&aaifaeta
im ov»r-r»tIafir8 w tn #©»* ©tit#* eoapeaaatory m4kamt*m. ffctc
atudy *©a#i*»» »««! « %k#®v&$ tm th* might higha and aa-ran
i©we *itl* «ia***f«®«y eelf-ratings, i.#.» **2.f~*a.tfiig# in ib»
astraaa quart!le f*©» and fmw «**•*«*»*» «*aif«#t#d
»«ikl« €iff#***#*-**f X.Q. «*«xt« ef tint, t*o a*all groups.
f&©«* with i©w«ir ©**s* Z.Q. r*t*« thaaaeivea' Mgk and mtm
«*t #f tha #*¥«*i«$fa**«d in tfc» M«v£«» elaaaifieation data -
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low«r *oti«M»fyi« xvttef* than -tit- kiflt with di*«*#p*a*y
Imimr^ «• is ffctt ****$ tfc*ra wife* aavan ««%
•t eight who h*& «©*i©»att»ie. ratings of upper quart11a. '
**» *®8n*l«#i©«i# *@ *» #§»•*« timm tk»«e
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id furniah «»*# %« indicatevfey ft iMMMini in c©©« •tatiMi witk
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S©oloa«tri<! fwfc# l«fi fe««a' fo**4 %y i«a»#|rC3)# Moreno
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tlu» im» I.Q. for tte t«o groupei 101 tor Mgka and 93.3 '
f©* tiie lew.' Is t&* 2©&oittl« %&«*• mm' *» »*«»
fswrttv Mttrnrmm, H» st»*n ©f tiie h&gb* on tt*» >**£* of •• -
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to &l£&s «a4 loir* m #«lf~a©m«*pt or
v«?» alvay® »i£&lfi«i*»tly £a tfc# &ira«ti©» #t the tfca
w»*m vmrylmg m'-wm$k m titimm I . t . points. -
2k ft lilt* mammx, «U finding® is *11 too© etudi««
w«r« to th» aff«at ifcat tkoaa Is' tlia upper fiiartilaa, p§l®«t#*t
o* *&* te«i« of S0*£@a*fx>i'« taata, *i«»ifi«*irtly ki^hir
23?
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quar t i l®, wi th t&« l * v s l fy®<® «8f i s tb» Honolulu
atudy t o .001 t»- tls» Holiimoy-Irvine' sampling.
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foTOlm f«#S of t$«rwoM3.1tys tfc* maims of tk* Mgb mA loir group*
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ga t toa , ths re «*a a *NMtiUrUMsr i& soaioiaatiria «j*t:; <
a # l f - r a t t a # # i thar# w#i*« *o Mgiie wbo had a l#?r##t «wartix*
on Hbm aoeiosatri© t##tf m a m%%m of faa t* t&ar*
wt# only loir '1mA ®e lappa*' f t t a r t l l # aoaiojaati'ila 'spat**
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v i i a a l s class4ft##. aa prokl»iae la- w wfctege*?, ©mly
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f p0w ©#*t mi tk* %•&»*£©* profclaas «©«£»# fr©a p«»£l* witli
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erapanoias mwm, kovivifi i s *ro«p« tfcU »i«*.
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l i t i l y py«el«a« feaTia* a 1 1 ^ !.<!•» a©r *©•# t i « M y » iafti*
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« »«at**% tha ©p©#if£© ia«iTl«*ial. Bmklm Mgh f* th©
t u t i©»» sot ©t**i*t© possibility #f %©£a*
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mfmg H i U w M • *©**# as «ytt©yi«» f« t aalaction «f M#li
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tim% ©*it©*f©a. Xm tM© mm ©©©ttea of Dm «I«H» *11# p©*- .
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farentlatln* %©*«•©» Mffesf^x®*©, witii tha t at tfc© .of
l»v*l *f coafidaaoa or tottn.
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143.
0t«t*e that a s f t paraotis aaa rata thamsaltaaj thoa*' ah© eas-
not show aviiazto* of a paraoaality faotor of aa l f - ta faaaa
®r aalfHN*l«ai®«. f«rr parpeaaa paaallar t o tfc® ia# i* i4aa l
«s# t o hie pr#M*ai* *fc® vary f a e t that t&ara i t **
diaerapaaay hataaaa a a l f - r a t i s g a aa* rating* l r others should
%• tha haglaztiag «f ' an Invest igat ion a t individual aaaaa . and
i y « « l f i « aaaa*
l a th ia at SiXi«M7 m$ Xrrlmgg tha. aa l f ~'
wftttaff aloaa aaa aat a#aai iarai an a bas is for 41 f f araat iat ioa
IMitfMft highs &m4 1«w 4 aa tha avaliaaaa of aaking tha aa-
l a e t i o a on only oaa arltarteti steaafftheaad tha f ind ings . Wm
two or ig ina l ^roap» of high (H-121) m i Iowa (8-110) h«S tha
diacrepanciee aaatiosad before: « i | M hi fhs a»4 aavaa l o w '
whoa# aal f~rat ia£a wa*a i a th® arlraata taartlaja fro> tha othar
rating)i* l a U i aatehad groups (I«67) thara aara tfeea*' #t«» ^
arapaaaiaa among th® aalf~rat la#a of tha highe and mix among
tha l eva . Hoaavar,. s laaa tha proportion of 41aarapa»alas .
i t l a v i a a l l oaaaa,. tha *m% "lav I Rata Xyaalf", * » • -
ft i l l a (Slaa*iaiaating l a t v N i high and 1©* aahlaaara, ha- '
taaaa papila high ©r l o * l a aoaieaatria atatiia,' n i hatwaaa
ahilii-aa. a t t h vsrioua tjrpaa of fcahairior pattax*a». For tha
purposes a t t l i a p i y t i w l a r i l i l j r i t as* aot plaaaa4 that
tfca a a l f - r a t i a g aaala aloaa would h» ussd to i l i f faraat ia ta
fcataaaa papila k i f l a t law i a athar t a t i t was i n -
taads4 f i r s t to v a l i t a t a I I* a a l f - r a t i a g aaala against ©thar
cr i t er ion ratio#®. I t i a tharafora praataad that tha aaa of
<m« turl f«r of ©f s*o«imi for ®m®m$L»m
of ©t!»ip faotore in not *t«# m(l«8« It kae 1mm first fo«s4
*k»t ft <wr»l«t«« with ©titer tiftg miMe~
ttw IiiiitrniMmtB m i eft», is it®«tf, %*> wllfttteft through
tfe» t«»l«ii« *«t *oet«l sueceec or of
wit* fitter M$fe #®if«#©a*tft» or l©w •#If*©oB«®pf»' It eftm*
em tl» tjrp«# of fcelMnrXor pattern* *&£«& tfe»y at&l*
f##t, Teachers »f«M fcnv© * «t*r»«tf]»» £m Kind of t&© ilHl
P^ilt vM9*«tf*3« ototlest, »oft~tgg***tl*»» fcotfe
tii amttiority «»« wf#• m l « r ©ag-cr • to :
««#: »%|# to #iifc0*«lit*i« pretest gmln to plaaMftsg
future. BaM«r0 }# *a£ BeilClf) &©*«
till the th«ory tfcet tfe» p*rp**e« of teeelie** mi' p«pii» are
©ftea not the ease.
Pit pee* t& tfe* alMle «c«©rti»g t® tlie
fladings of BesiteH*}* fi»i» the smelltiee ©f «. plm*»tag pe*~
iatelllfeaee, happiness, eyispetletie
r**pm9*, mil tlteee t« fce ttm.it# wlsie!* iiff«y
eati*t*<l !«««••» tfee •Mitmif raeceesfttl ttl **ei*lly hsm»s«*
ee»*f«3. ©MI«rea. ' iat fee «ite f©nm« ea tfc** *yK4r*a««* tint
©f t&© . isirtiiiw, entlweieeti®, mi *©tlr» p©r*©a~~
*»# tfeeee tuliliu wtiiete ere ©ftea ImlmM. upon viU werlmeee
ty W * eleeereoM Im#*» ere Mm fn&itties which itffereis-
tint# the leeiere *«! oott ll|Ur efceeea fr@* *11 t&e ©tier at.
143
tl» finding# of tl** loaclttlB etaly &el# iritli
those of le&&«y. Hi® • ImiMm of thoi« grout* li«i. tliet aeoe&A
ftT&toona 1b to tie flyst' gro«f cf traits • ©r clisrao-
t©flitter, the eMliren vertelisoA t&tlf criteria of Jud&nent
If* referring to • tke fellow w&© *#©## lots of tfciftf** . , .
"make# me fellow tfee anile# . • • "let® m few# m t«rn* . . •
*1#•mot'afrsi#* . . . *!• a gooi #y@rt* . . . *i# fair* , * , l!i« peppy" . . . *feelp« other'people* , . . w«##p»t*»SImf*
. . . *11 t ie qn&litim*; of rafteretaaftisf* ukUl, t l* as© of
cooperating priaeipt««-.
ffluunttilaf of &ggr*aslrmm* iato cooperative effort ,
tlie «*e of wmrgtm towart tit# %®ilftia# of potitlir® gwmp
relatione, 'a»## a© Boaaey »*f», feTol&ymemt of eow® la t -
in# a»€ Imitlativo, awt ao-ite aooielljr approve* «ft^eeeiveae##
a t t&e M»« tiffie tfcat attitudes «sl &£*§* of feeJMnrlor eeeea*
t i a l to fapieuiliaofNt"— e l l t&eee bhA to '%# eaaemtfHU
ftte »t»«y mhsmi a. • ftletrlMtloii. of papile
Is several » m > of protslea fceliavior vat&er tkaa Itaviaf t&em
oosoeatrete# ia may ©ae «•*•#»*?» Im ©r«*r of f r«$$*a«3F, t&»
problem «ros» t t f c i | l j *ttMw«isig to&awfor* .*§$•*•«*£?»
Tmim teT, (J) it»lii«4 fcy ethera, (4) lawfttwra, <5> #!«• •
iatereetoa, aai (6) iieli&e s otlter#. Oaly 4 per oeat «f ell
protleaa eame fro® pupile aa froa the group high
la «elfMeoaeept«
fkftt socially approraft IwMwter t« $m$g*§ eoaeieteistly'
1>j feotfe teeolitor# aa« y t t n if fou»« by Ke '
144
reported eoB«iet«ncy la t©*©fe©r© tad t—r **ttag« with v * .ft
and * » .80 f«* %6y» aa< |ifU r«ap«oti*»ly. B©t««©a n i l *
yatlaf# tad p«©r rating, h© *©p@n«i * » .4t| *«tw»©a ##if
*atia**, jp « .30. fh« K©iiaa#y-Ir*iar i t m y
*©«•©*© • r m t a r OGnaia-tanoy %©tv©©a taaohar and p©©*
tmUmg* *Ji»a b©tv«©a aelf-ratiaffa is! ratia*© *gr ©*&•*•. Ia
**• **»pllaff« C*»lSat Hal 10) tit©?© v©« ftgr©©af>at it Tt p©*
••at ©f tk© M#li« and is #2 par wait of tha lew©, irMla titara
©aat *?r©©a©at «t * U I k n * criteria #©* both troupe.
Tto* l U l i n t i M of tk© iyaaaia© «f «*®«p proeaaaaa aad
laadartMp ** m aa©y a»tt»rf tot tt if « fold sis* for tfe©
taaahar wit* iulfkt f»t© tfca eMld*« fras© «# rafarano.
* a d * **©*©«*& !»©*&•*«• tad «ul7»ia @f tto tfromp i t m l a m
vltkia tli© <&«*•?©©&. ffc© t M « k w *l©a© ©*a M L * to W U i
•ffe-atraatara Imt alowly aad ia th© m i M olaaBrooa l&ftl-
vidBiUstl attaction ic ©t * praaiua. But tlMi ©traatwiaf
and ta«tlng «ad r«-#t*-a«turiBir ©f groups vtthii tJb© olaaa
fr«aework eaa alaiaisa dtaeipliaary ©oatrol© mad
ti» eliaae©© ®f buildia«r itfwt* aalf-oonoapta %
tk* nunbar #f intarparaonal ralatlea© vfelt* 41» irroup dy-
• w i w «*» &**»* « H « i . 8Ji»*lf»«(23) igfiaitiim of »**««£-
*•«#» il **•» tha aam*a*a eonprialag a Mbuneh" m n i reia-
tiir© « U H « p©»Iti©a» witkin t&st rroup. flit ia a©t a para-
«#* t© tha t a p f i m t ©f »t©t«« f#r i«olat©a and « H « i | H i i |
ofclldran vitk j>©o* aalf-ooaoapt© ©ad l«v ©*ply«ti©a 1©*»1«
It ia aiaply t© »©r ttat til© statue p©©iti©a© ahould a©t '
aryatalllasa aad fraeza ©at mm of th» 4 yottiU*
aaawar to *or#ao's(15) l«aaa aomaaralat tha soei©dynamic
•«wt la tfco a?*oa*la* of aataality IT kalpla* *** ill* «M1-
dran la a. alaaarooa to hav* <*«ln1»U a»« aaaap'tafel* pattaraa
of haha-rior ami aoeially aee#pt©«5 paraomalitiaa,
ffca yylMiptl impli cation far th® elassrooa t»aoh»r la
to •tady flrat tha ehildraa *&©» *fca taaohaa, tlalr paraomal
fraaaa of rafara®**, thai* latarparaoaal ralationahlpa, %hmtv
stow than to me« that knowledge to tail! aiafmata
wholaaossa paraoaalltlaa; and finally, to tMtint tha araa-
tl©a of latalllfanaa ttmomgh th* •dueativ® proaaaa.
la avaiuatin* th* raamlta of thia raaaarafc, thtc frara®
of rafaraaaa ahould h® made «1MT. la th# Ajwrlaaa aaltara,
all lamming- la aoalal lauralng. MIXjr proaaaaa#, it la
tr«at follow tka pattaraa of tmtk potantlal of t*a l»4iT*4~
ital. Bat this taallty whiah la aallag l»ialllga»a* 1# !**• ..
••parabla fro* tha total poraanalltjr, awaa as th® ikme1«r>
latla or trait of aaadasla aptitude. Soaa authors liavo po#~
ItONi varlatlaa of latolll**»o*» o eh aa aoalal latolllgaaoo,
Ota. Thaaa, a*ala, aaaaot bm aaparabla alaaaata. It oa* la
t® hold eonatataatly with th® frame of rafaraaea of the
gaataltlat bo wiat atato that ijitollliaaaa la that teghmx
Imvml of adaptat1#» foumd la the huaaa orgaalaa aad aot a
aaparata or aaparafcla aatlty*
If tfcla la to W tha flrat praalaa, oao mm*,afraa with
Piag-et(lS) tka* It la th® purpoa® of ®dueation to- ®raata
14*
iatoili ofioo f*oai tli# tatri««t* latotrativo capaoity within t&*
childr®* wfc© a*o taaffet ia tfc* alaaarooa* of tfeo aatiea.
If ©a* |©1» i# to «*aata iatolXl oaao, tltaa tli* iaplioatioa
fo* t&o i taaafeor i» that aa iatof*ati*o o»pacity i«
ia ovory aMld. Wo «ts thoa aato*at%ad 'aaXadaptiio bo&arior
$attovaa mt aa aaaifoatatioaa of «n inferior product feat as
t&o taovltafelo raault of iBooafuloto or ajnroatod iatoi-aotioa
of »» - litf t*f 4&«1 • wiflita or feoaamao of * aoxioas oavirosaoat,
Aaoortlag t# Loe3cy(l3) a $oraoa will poaist tfco aaais»ilation
of patto*aa of aoolal bahavior Imi doaa »®t aaafttia*
oharaotariatia of hit aaif-Sofiattioa «atll fco Itas liai tnoufh
oxporloaeoa aad baa falmod oaoatl* S»it|kl to raotfify lit* «*-
faaiiatioa of idoaa ooaoaraiac ktanU aad aaa -
«teft «mt • t^a aaa @f «ocloa«tvio in«trun«nta vim *iTO $k» olaaa-
*o®a toaa&or ami' valid and aoaaiatoat caago of wfeotfeo* t|to
iadlYliual *s relatione ait* otfcora ia M a oavi*oaaoat 1« ha*-
aonious to kil falfillaaat aa a yoal aai aiotaato po*a©a.
*itt tfco IfiaiiBi of aooioaotry lata tke' ©laaajrooa t&o' toaolia?
&aa a aow toat ©f toloraaao fair aooiai *3ti«rfl#as
f&o aolf-iatfair aoala I# *nothar waiaafela aliy of t)fc*
elaaarooa toaebor. Ikl« ia«t:rtta*at la- worthwhile mot %ooaaso
it *a*«a*a a oao*© aitfc whieh ©ao ©aa «©to*aiia© a p«»U *a
taartilo rank in M a olaaa, not feaaaaaa it «aa afcow a aoat
profil* to pvojoot awar a national aa alaaa a©**, but
U 7
tmmwm' f t mm imwti t? "hm tfe» «3ilM I M i t
M ' l M f « U ©xplaiii •©»• #£ t&© -tm? M# atatv*
la tfc© f*a«p— i f ©»• il*© #«p»je«,t# • '
SI* &it99at«*« #**•» #©m»l»*«i« f©* lNft&«*iag that m«l-
Sdjuat«d, oMldren fr*«Mnt fli«t* «#•'
gr«»«ive, #* Mmutm pmttmmm %#«*ii#© of th«ir
• f for t s t© maintain unity i s th© organisation of t t e i y »»lf~
•©adapt.' It'- iff tli©' twk) t&#&,' ©f t l» %m*Ww i©
v«rk vat# ©f iwlpimg tb©» t© «©v*l,©p Imsigkt, tm undergo
tl*#*«faiiti© «it*iati©»*l changes through i t e group ««ti,riti<Ni
aeoaasifclat© tfe©a la tliai* t w ^ t o y aarirofistant, M l to * • -
©3?#a»i*a ttiir tokayi©* in aoooraaaaa witfc * mot*
3P#*ll(iti« awl •©«©pt«fcl# s®lf-«onoaj>t.
- flw aaaa i t v«fl»*1nMl i s *any *1*«**©©*« for as natof-
•t*ndinf ©f behavior, what *pmsmmii* aetnaiiy i« ,
«&•» aafi fc©w actually b«oome « tptmp, a»«
wh«n t&at *roup i s ft vwriiisg m$>% t m m$Mmg wp and »eeom~
pl ishia* « t fr©uj» Poraonal faala ara seldom purauad
ia ia©latt©»# i t laaat a©t at tit© aiaaio t**4» lavai .
faaoiaMra'* f©al« a»4 tfeiljtani *« g@*&* asd jm*j»©#©a «*• «•&<**
2* to port*
lotewlaftg© fat© th® f»®«« tiir© mmmlm* f&» ©MU'a #©ai i s -
to "w&fol* fc&MW&f * • • * "to aaiatain and enhanea tha org«a-
i ia t ioa ©f Mil j>*ra©a*Xity. H Vfc©» t&a taaaha**© £©al !*©©©»••
tfc® ornation ©f' a ' «luir@9i oliaata im which th« «MII ©aa y m u
34&
g m l e , thea 11 & m t&a* atiip'«* *2i®
*»y purpose will t>® a^ayaim* fo* tort* cH-. tMII*.
Stetmot *»i -mm» «*#X*r £©* tli». «&& wMtaf".
«««a4* vfeat **o«t tiHrneelv**. ; •
' mtm vl*Wjpoi**t 1# not t© Ik* *•« ©f ta^mostl ##«»
mUm, m m t© tli* rt|M @f «du«atioii. 1% is
•taplf fe«*#a 00 tk* p*«*i#« t**t f th» i tmft of j w -
»«* **•»*• in *&# ttt»* of aai «&«»*-
staniiiiir «fe». ffi&ajf *»!*«• p*tt*cal«*» «fei«b go u* aak* qpt **• =
M-MUtm* «**§**#• Iftur « U #**» t m m m r n i m *
m§ «aotioaal fggp • tU ©f $3i« ffctlftygB whoa® •
p v t m i p & l mm§®ma£*w i * «**• g u i l t y o f i l m i a t ' S i f t * * * ® * . •
uniM** * ®£ *•*» wmMii «wa« «&•*&&
tfc® - f® nqr tiAt *&•*• i* no 8it«I* tiling «*« *a *%-
normal e M M m m M 1* U owiool til# wn»i«l i«!toiin. Sut
t» «®y «**t ttes* «*• wssytat 4*g*#m «f *ovsftMty askd %lia% .
*&«»* <«!*•»« a*1® to «%* of fit* *MM *»
**»#rt«ft«Mi *©*3J almp w itiiait *©
• «f 4+mr**, m % kla«, *r«a %&* p« #oa %*•
*aa»a «e»4itt«ft* «# y*p»*<t*4 m* ..
pv&9ma& m i |« aot t£ir»:r««i f*©s» tn&ilo&ai
a**t.. . mlmrn* mtf::Uy ia .«ay elasarooa
•tarti!!? %o tit ft«t t&»t mteMxm *** *«? am**
invalid fa wli*t tlMgr tt« Aotng. CMldran That t w „ _
t * * i ~ m i Mm .*M# i t on©ais t«n«3iiaf stli» w3ioI« -
Uf
on-e ftftusiot oxpoot Ma to pay* tt« f««Xin«8 o * t « i i *
•fel l* &• m m t o Wm mm one $my * M i mm
1* to tk© raiddl® ^r&de oltiUUI Ills W&QX* »#«&«! atom
a* f i t a* tlio jmw «*iltiHre to i*o*««;r»ft4. fit* *«t~
to*»* of &w**le*m l i f * « m mb&m t l » aehool tli* j&ao* * | cv*
i k t < k i U i s In ft*«ft«l*t£aa v i i l i Mm *g# mm%*m ®v vl%% mtimltm
in * m&ptmtlm **4 i l tw# 1*® Xoftirss ML* *»*-
mmm* pftttowi# o f « « « l t l
Th* * t f l f t * t M * of tfc* 4gt*»a&«» of group ?*o«omo« vitfe-
1* t&# tittemwm w i l l | i v « t o t!w £#©X«t» mora of ft **%»« of
fcoloagiafaoo#. S«ii*gr gwmp ! » * © « » » » « • t® «pr#*a th® BOO1*1
•MtftiXiMi wffoot and wtt«i&£t3f w i l l iMlp *13. of t&o ohildr«ttj
i t i # not e»l#8X»t#i f o r t | * rotftr€*£ am# t&fc ra&la^t~
JattM* **»» tk* «ta?oftg«#t w i l l gala aor* o f ft m M
of "toftaaoo®* M .«&!««*» w i l l %o atillsNHl for e©c#»a?*tiiro«-
n*a# rfttltor tlwa* rlvftlry, .
A i k l l < 4o+» Imtme M« solum# of mlm$ t o Mtool wt t i
Ma fro® Ms boa*. S o f i a i t i s Su»s» »«## act r««»i»
» $mWLmm 1»it should INK made U P . YTMI t&t» I t KUUI
b«8R ahoWn tlMt Ik i «t i l i®«ti®» of *&ftt t&O 0«tt#fttl¥» p*0-
O O M O * l i»w to o f f e r i * i n yyoportio* t© m ch i ld ' s ooXf~oo»«oft
tad M# atatua with tfc* i®aa»ri4> «&i £®rtlw»Sfft§>
luiv* ftfcowi that fftttoyiMi of M t M . ti«iiavior ay®
i « v t * l 7 for tfel* :gr©mi> *t*ta»« Tfeia reaearah
fowtt a vorjr large proportion o f oMliaNia with l « t «olf-»©©aoopt«!
ft# toftmfiwr yrol&MMt. #ta«o *11 lo«*miii£ i« *©ei»l
150 . ,
i t mmmims ttm r a o p o a s t f i l l i t g r of the ®«fe©ol t o #a~
w l o p «a#»fittiKS* a o o i a l . fcah&vior o l s a m e t a M a t i o j s m p r o -
ffe^nfait# t o t&a. !•«*»£&* of f m t i t a a a t * ! * , f i t t i , *»4 «%*•
J##*! s a t t a * S k i l l # . . ' • .
• TJi# i a f i a l t && . l o a d i n g wMtik %mmmw «.• i 4 # a t wliaa tii®
o M l # f i r a t ooraas t o aai iool i a , t h e n , <a g o f i o i t i s s o c i a l
l a a m i n g * Wfeatlias* t l ia S a f t a l t oaau*® a s a a oa tgyov t l i o f tfea
cihangrlne f O t t a w a ' o f # w a o e i a t y , wha tbar tin «&a*a«ta : r ia t ia®
o f t i i* # t i rw t%*a o f ' Aaoyiaaa tuwaa X t f a **o « t f aa f r t* &r wSmhbmw
t l i a 14h iRt i f ioa t io&a which *&ll<lra» aaleo a r e s l ew l a t t aooa ia#
i a t y o j a a t a t I s t o th@ ^ a t t o i m a o f b o h a v t a r wltioti t t w f a a a i f o a t
i a tfca a o e i a l l i t * o f tfc® a d a o a t i v a a a t t i j i g , aany a&Sl&roa
a**a l a o k i a g l a a t t * £ f c a t a a which thaia a a t t a f a o t o i r y l a t a a r -
pe racma l p« la t i<m#Mp#. i a tfco *l**0*ooa« f t * i i o a a o f a o l f -
m f m m m 0 wfalvh smite tip t k a a a l f - a o a o a p t of £ « h i i s a*a M a
o n l y staaaa of a ^ l a i a i a g * - ait&ai* t o fetaaolf o r « t * a r a , w&o
ha i t f what he i s 4 o i n g , and wlsy te-MtaNM* a» he 4 o o a . Tha
a t r o a # » s t ^ a x p r o a a l o a a f r o f f o r « 4 fey t i ie oMliae-e® f a t l ia l o a o ~
M * S t t i i y w a r a ' t h » a * wlt l i whiafe t h a y # a f i a a 4 thaiasal i raa aa«
a*g>laiao& t h a t * r a l a t t o a a i i i f a to . t h a i * f a a i l i o a an<3 t f ea l* c
p o a p a .
f l i a l a p l i a a t i o a t o tfc® c las s room t i i « t e l a p l a i n : alio
l a mot daa l i a s r v i i k a a t t t r * o t y p « 4 « r h j r iHi tha t ioa l
who avi&aaoaa w l t h i s a w t a # haha'rioff *&aa ha ftftHMM t o ^ J>1*^
wl t l i t h a « t l » # cMl#i?aa t a « §o*a o f f .Sato a aovao? t o h i i s a a l f . '
$ h a i a d a a l i a g w i t h ©aa, B i l l y J . #oaoa f y o a a g a a t of a f l a t l y
151
of fiw, irk© faala i#ft oat lmt«* there i« m h j oaoaflt
of uytUif It toao vim it flMUy |tic t» Ua<
affsotioa, loft-ow slotkss, l*ft««w sttsatioa, *mMfng
tossuss 3t* M«« poo* grsdss aad tfca aor* sucoaaaful i m i u
nada high ©ass— who thinfca M l i 2 £ gQQd-
Hopkia»{9) ©atliaos tto school'8 vsspsaaifeilitit* to tfco
ii«iri«val, Ha fi«tM tkst vfcst an iadiTidaal ftmifw Ma~
••If to to aad hew Jm> *«Mpt» vhat kt ssos aad fools aro o*»
iapo*tsat in dataraiaia* M s limtloa of t«tl«». H® *•!*•»»» **«t *ka» oatsido porsoas wis! to aodlfy totovioxv
sasastia# fro® *a iadiridasl, tliay should kaip kit study and
iaprovo kit pvoMtf fattoir tfcsa sriticize o* Y^pilf kit spo~
sifie sstioas, for ttoso «» oaly imtflH of M s wadarlyia*
eaarry ertislMUM. fto way eaoh individual ssos and aaoapts
himaslf tad th« asy ot&ara sea aad aosspt Ms- m U m m aro tha
iatovaal and •stsrasl aapaets ©f tha tulity of tba solf •
fits a»r« f m tl» iadlYldual is to «m tkoag&tfally M s
Molo*isal * m t * pn«««s ia a saviroaasat, tits
Mftor will to M s rss ul tin* astarity aad that of ©tits»i «•-
sooiatsd witk :him. 4s tha eMld yorsolros Massif ia **»
W * oparatioa ia M s lifs sitaatioa, ha will salsot
thoaa diraotioaal behaviors wfeiol* ha eoasidara aost oharao-
toristis of tit Mad of a parson tlat ha is. laproiroaoa t1
vtottor it to ia loaraiaf or k*kiTiey» will m m stoat
through iaoroasia* tlw «aality of tits difforoatistioas which
tto ia#i*i«aal offoots through continuous growth sad integration.
1*2
If aay 111 i* *ata.*ie# o* i solute or tmfceloaglag, the
ehaagriag of hia self-eoaeept Is basic to Ma ©haa«» or iar
proveaoat. Vluitem his I»Q., whether it %* hig-h or low,
tli* of .aiataaay is built apoa aatisfyiaf experi-
ences proportionate to M« iategtfatiire capacity at that par-
ticular tlae and plaee. the ehaaglng of behavior patteras .
whieh are ataladaptlve and tit# safestitatioa of aore acceptable
oaos will mm about through tit* typo of groap experiences
«M«k tfco «Uill In*. It ia HluU* to "1m4 the dice" im
the direction of his success % *i*iaf Ilia individual. at-
taation, tat all this is depeadent apoa the insight and ia-
#eauity of the «lM«fd«i taaoha* with whoa a #M11 la' ia daily
eoatact. the attendance ia a remedial program year after year
will produce relatively little success ualess the aMld'a
has!a acmoept of ««lf ia alaag©€ to iaelude iht feeliag of . -
adequacy aa4 nlf-vortli.
Siaoe the #M1« does aot leara wall ia isolation, Ma
akiXia ia aay aroa are dependent upon hie social skills aai
liia haadlia# of Ma iBterpereoaal relatioas. It ia both aaay
aai taaptia# to tfco alaaerooa teaeher to allow or t© eaeour-
af# the skillful loader to aoatiaao to laadU Bat rctatioa -
of leedersMp ia aiviatblo wfeaa the less privileged eM14
has prepared fox* Ilia laaiaraM^ role ia a citmatioa aonaoa-
eurete with Ma ability to do it.
Manipulatioa of #ro up lag's, ahiftiajr aai via* utilisation
of the ekills of the aero aff*oaaiwo aai ioaiaaat eMldre*,
xm
and tha proTtiioB of wldo opportaaity for itUafditerjr and
oaooooofwl work axperlaaea* for tha ehild with tl« laaa oo-
ooptofclo «o«i«l troito—'Oil thaao ooa ««t Ui« otogo for o,
«*riM of aaoeaaaaa for tko nmMlm^Lngm ohild. A M * OX-
porloaooo will halp M a to foranlato m bottor s«lf-definit i on;
whoa bo fcaa doaa ao, his fcafeavior potion* will '%o aoro «o-
oiolljr MMplHillo ail lit groap ototmo will fco t^renl,
Oaly tfcoa will Ho to susceptible to motivation to ooMovo
and to **im full use of M o ootmol potaatial. So eaaaot ssa
what ho doaa sot tMalt bo possosaaa.
Conclusions
This rasoarah haa foaat ilisifimt tifforoaooo is the
MkitTMoit, poor ototno* aad classroom ie#J»otaoat for two
fro«po aatchod oa X.Q. bat llffomt ©m 0olf~ooaoopt« It woo
hypothoaioad that children with o high oolf-ooaoopt and those
with « low oolf~<K>aoopt would ha Alfforoat is tluroo areaat
|1> roswlto of oooioaotrio aoooaroaoato, (2) Mntior oHoroo-
teriatiea, oai (3) ooMowoaoat oa aoooaroaoato of ooo4loaio
progrooo.
H o roowlto of tootia* wro evaluated If aoaa* of so*
lootioa of M#lw and lows oa tho basis of two omt of throe
nili|«t by oolootioa of two grmpm aatohod on I.Q. for ooa*
trolloi oM9iri«o», u i *y owolaotioa of tlui iifforoaoo# W-»
twooa tha aaaae of thaao matched *ro«p« by tha Critical ftotlo
toofeaitao* Xa foar orooo—• iifforoaooo ia tolitviant oa two
154
c««Hf«iv« aakiawaaaat t u t i i i l f f i m w i la aeaioaatrio
•tat«s» aad l i f t v r w w f i s t l » r«t i««
of t&a M w m tfca aaaaa war# a l l s igni f icant
beyond tlsm ,00003 lawal of eoaflfl«ne« in favor , of the high
gxaap, fa t&® f i f i k ***** alaaai f1mtixm mm a problem la
elaasrooa maaagaaaat, tha diffaraaaa was IwtTiljr ia fawor of
tiia low trcap# aiaaa iadiviamals e&mpTiuimg tkat group ap-
pearad o» tlia p r«Uta fce&avior c l a s s i f i ca t ion la a r a t i o of
7-1 to tke individuals aea$riaiag tha Mffii group. f t ia
tfearafora eoaaludad tha t :
1 . ffca « * l f - « a i c # p t aa aaaaarad laar a i « l f » r a t i a | aaala
ia aaid to I# r a a l i a t i a «%•» i t i a e e m l o n i a i lqr
taaobars1 aa# paa* ra t ings .
2. Ska allied with a high aalf-aaaaapt raaaivaa a Miliar
group ata taa aa aaaaarad fcy t&» aaaiaaat r ia facta
thaa doaa tfea aMM wit* a law self-concept.
3. T&a child witli a high aalf-aeaaapt aakiawaa fcighar
i a praporlioa to Ma potent ia l , aa m«««h4 aa aa
ia ta l l igaaea t » f t , tliaa <Joaa tlia child with a law
aalf-aoaaapt .
4 . f l a child witk a hiflk aalf-aoaaapt i a a laaa i f iad
aa a behavior prohlaa laaa fra*aaat ly t&aa i s the
ohild with a law aal f -aaaaapt .
9, thm a l i l l «1U a high aalf-aaaaapt praaaata Wtevter
a&araatariatiaa thl«k aafca Ida aora aaaia l ly
135
swvptafcl* tfefta *&# tftild with, m low
4* f&# iaprov«a*at of self-concept f* pT»~T*%ulBi%*
to %&• laproT«*«at @£ fro»p i-tatus, tekATior, &»&
•tISmatat.
lltLmEAPHJ
1, B«rg#r, 1. X,# "tfeo I t U U e n t l i p B®tw«an Sacproa### Ae-©f to l f and Xxpmi»4 Aoooptaaoo of 0tfe**c,*
Wm*lMlex#, mmt
2, Blaif , A, l i f t aad William 1. Surtaa* Cteowtli and Baveloo-f i S i M | t e > m M « t w t 4 , How To**, Applo toa-Coatwy-Croft#, !»*•» 1951.
3. Boaaojr, Itorl 1 . , "tko Cornstamoy of 6o«io»o-trio S«or«c a&i flioi* tolailoMfelp to toaafca* Judgaonts of Social Suooos« and to P«*soaality Aolf«*atlafa, " Soeloaater, TX (1U3). 409-24.
4. "PoTSoaality t m l t i of Socially Ssooo#*-fa l aa* Socially Unauoc««8ful flkiMm*" Journal of
gfyoh^o/nr, raw <W3), m~n. $» Baltlor, ®lwylo%"%# aad aaaooia'fco*, Childhood t *f*a
M M s M i *•» H«ary So i t i aS S o i i ^ , W 2 , pp. ss-sy.
*, C!i©«o*koff, l m « H , "Afjaataoat aa€ ftlaayapasay Sotwoaa ?orooivoa and Idoal Solf,* Journal of
* <*»iar# W 4 ) , to , 3, 2^-617
?, SHU**# Loojiayd, *eoaa«loaa aa# Vaeoaaeious S«lf-Atti~ te«oa *fto* Succes® and Failure, " Journal af
( I t p U a l f t , 1954), *®, 1.*
i . Xav£*H**n, 1 . I . , I , A. tad k s Xotlaaoa, *T1» »o?olop~ **»* of tit* Idoal Solf in eMl*li®od mI Adoloooaao®,«
M Maoatioaal Bogoarch. X% 1946).
f . Hopklaa, % m u * *•* To**, larpar aa« iMtk tv i , Iff4*
1«, Huatl«3r, f „ «Jtt4gaoatf of tha Solf I amI m UpHi t lv* &£ llMBMlilt 1&£ ,tell,81, fstthoioapr-
11, tot*, 1., wTh# laotioaml Jxpyoaaloa ia failtaros A Ho* *3^329-49! i a m a l M i s i Sasls i lizsMLssy,
156
i f ?
12. Wmtr, W. A. tad B. H. Yaa Z#l*t, "P»r*oaality Solf-i u w M n t s t of S c i u t i f i o **» T H U o l tonrtl," i a a i M i at JaaU*t I i x a t a l a t x . xxnm <*m.. mm), •«. 3, 14*.
13. L««ky, Pr«»«ott, »®w *®**» I*# W « < 1951.
14 • MeXatyw, Cfearl** 1.# "Aeesptaae© of Gttoars a»i I t s ! • -latioa to Mmmptmmm e f M f as* t t M i i * * f i t f g l l i M
• " XIYXX, 624-25.
15. s , i*,9 wso®io»0trr im t i # Gi*a»yoon» B ittififfi-iaryr
ft (1943), 425-28.
14. Korthway* 1 . *0«til4tni A Study of t3i« P***©»*lity littim of CMldraa liut Aee*ptal>l« to fM* if# Watts, *
*11 (1944), 10-24.
I f . AlUljHif S. £>•, T0w»rfl t t l f aad MmhnM Qaoatioaaairo Sopoi-t, - j f j y a i l a t fflttflftittM-XIX, 153-*3.
IS. M t f t t , $mm» % # f $ » a t M f l t l i f f i * * *»*•*-national fairersitlas Fr«l«f 1W2.
19. 1*41, f r i t a , Coatrola Fray Within. Gloaooa, 111., Tfco 7 m ***•», 1952.
20. 1©£»*#, Carl, f M t S l l i»latalJtt«iaMr» *•* *«rt» Hoiisfctoa-M i f f l i a Coapaay, 1951, p. 560.
21. Wmmll* 9*rt4 1*» "Iktt ft***a*«b Say* A*o*i #«lf-l**lit-. t l o a / ' l a W of Muaatlottal R«aa»rch. XLVI (April, W ) h
22. Clwmev# Eli*al>*tJi r . , *Aa Aaaly#i« of %h» I#lfttl©a#liip# I t t t m Aee«ptaa#» of aad tMPMt for iolf Aee#pt*a©a of m Raapaot f « f Ottawa i s t&o to* eomaaallag ^ « m /
• " XIII (1949), 149-75.
2 i . s k » * i f , waaafor, t a i l f t l i l l a i i * So«t&vt«t9ra Paye&ological Aaaoeiatioa, Oklahoma «ity, 1954.
24. Say**, M d ami Arthur v . Coabs, j a g i f S i p j X«* York, ®a*p*r and Bvottora, 1947/ PP. 301-302.
25. Syaoada, P. It., fti Exo aad tha Salf, Haw T«rt» Applotoa-Caatmry~C*ofta# !>•«, 1951, p. 229.
k
nmemmwm fQ x*
GXAPTSIt I I I
i s i
TABLE I
SWIM i f I S f l S S i f$0MTE8, DISTRIBUTED »f GRADES I t ~~~^ " "
«*##• EBroll*©nt Hunt®* of E«jeet* WweiHw of I*ol«t»i
I If # X©
2 28 © i
$ I# # 6
Total Prtm&ry - 77 24
4 1§ 4 3
$ 22 1 3
Total 4 **# 5 ; m 7 6
6 21 6 * 7 20 4 *
$ 23 $
f If $ 3
10 8 \ 1 0
fo t t l 6 to 19 #f If i
I f f
TABLE II
I.Q. DIFFEREHCES OF 080SPS i f IXiS AMD LOW SO01OMSTSIC statss , mmm s ix
fHROUOJI ?1*# A 5® HIT
Group H mm ts. s.®. Deviation #*©* fetal
Hi*h 2? 101.® 14,4 •3.1
Low ; t i • t l . f 12,9 ~4»4
t a » i n
i ,$ # BiFFsaiicis or m m v n s mm mm low PE1CEHTILE SCORES OS CALIFORNIA YSftf
OF mmmkhtn
0*®up 1MB I,Q< Itv&fttUm froa Total
I . Low (••low 30 F)
II . I i | k (30 P, iWv«)
55
14 101,5
-2.2
•3*4
Diff«r#ne» %»tv«»s 9,1
C,l , « 2,792# «t |» i f l«ast at ,§1 l m l of AMf i l i tH .
160
i m s if
BiTvsx* &ww mwmmwmm m tm califoriiia tmt m. mmm&mn
Group IfQ, Below 100 ; ej* Above 100 Vhol« ©reap Group
X Mean ' X Mean y IftNOB
I, Low (Balow 30 P)
11. ««& (AIOT# 30 P)
33
16
#i.f
86.6
S2 :
IS
10?
115 ]
5f
34 i
f?.?
1$U9
*w ww pMS •jWBBwBt'S JL# # 8,#
6,1, 'i ,615 2, S3 if
&»*•! of Coafidanea ,01
7A8LE V
misoBiis used tm bihavior sauplibg •it MiiMMfr ©
J»H Jy EjMp
I. 0fc«arr*tioii of Behavior ©a PlaygTroaadi*
1# Good sportsman©hip
2, Jialpfiil
5, Seeking adult atteation
4. AffHCliV* M M t « p t«v»rt #a»a ae*
5. Ag*?««#;tw# Iwkavlor toward ©ppoaita aex
6. Ag-ffreesire Vafeavlor iovirl «lilt»
7. Rtjiif m%m» t« Playing: iritjfc same aex
table
9. rujitir with oppo*it« ««n
10. VitMrtvlaf frea grt>*p plmj
11. fi|ktiaf o m preport?
12. fifktia* «m nlM
13. ri|)iti9f oy«r l#*«*rak£p
14. Flfhiiaf o w *ifcM§ tara"
15. OMftnUn witk growp
XX. Okaorratloa of lolwrlor is $l«**rooat
1. Works Hit witk group
2. Vorko te»t aloaa
3. Smaaot work witk f*e«p
4. Work* Iwi witk «m otfcor iatlvliaal
5. Follow diroetioas
^ 6. e*iinot follow dlrootioas
7. ftaeoata limtiou
I. <kort attaatloa *p*a
9. Dopoadoat ©a ot&»r*
10. fork* «4*<t<»Ulr aloao or witk i m p
XXX. dktorrttloa of Bokavi&r at ftktriaf or laloaro fartoAi
1. Likoo to talk £m ahmxtrng period
2. liatoao vail la iktriaf porioft
3. Mfttroots ottoatioa
4. lttTwi, otaaot roat talotly or aft itill
$. Moot to *koaaw la ftkarla* porlot*
162
TAI LS f—SSSMlSli
6. Seeks I attention during tmimw p«riei«
?. VitUnvi **©* t&Ditp Smfing 1*1«h *•*!•«»
t. Appropriate# p*o*«r*y of othar®
9. B««»ats l**4«x*Silp la •&*?!»* ••UfitlM
i&j
TABU VI
i . s n i t s s e i mtmmim mm 1. WW iMttew im , 2, A l i t t l f t feretfeftr (or
J . I th ick «r f > t h T
4 , A Iftyjgo • an laa l
f . % pot I t
6 . My frloxtd o f t*a
7 . People of t*n thiafc thftt lm
S. Most pooplo t r e a t m
t . Tfr fa th«* do«« aot .
10, I think f l r l * _
11. I tHi&k tlait t»oy«
12. Hy Ui«h«v i t
I I . t o 1* «, #®od f r i #ad a p«y»oa »mat
14. To *o • food 1OO4O» * p®rsoa sue t
15. Moat t H f t e n mrm
14. Tfe* lwy» 1» o«r *00* ft*o
17. 1 t h i s * p«opl« who fttoftl
I d . Tlio gtrlB in our rooa «jpo
I t . Pooplo vlto plfty fftiar
20. A p^x-soa who «k»«tf
m
tmm rn ii. qwnmm coMPiifios tmt
1. X t&lnk tviniaf
2. Moit U««h«ri «t« 3. Wli«n I g*% m l
4. W trim** i* * fooi fp»rt !•• cause &• - , .
5. 8««itiMt I l««l
#, VIm»» ajr aothtt •«old» m
7. Hmm$ 1 g© to sleep «t algfct I. I aa «fn!4 #f f • ¥k»* X $#t is a terry „
10. Illa I f«t groodi fv*AM XI. I thiaJc -Uuit w«r
12. X» «. £•»» I
1?. p«re»te Uiik ihti I 14. Mjr tMtkr %hm\ m
15. A ffood ffttbnr
14. x vi«k «r ftaiir
17. When X am punished
If. It X ta< WMM^r .
If. VlMHS X «TOW «p
30. Vim X fcave 4«m eomethin* rnmmg
165
fABLl T i l l
m m m M m m MATSBIAL FBOM
flSTS. CATEGORIES • SAUK ®¥ WWti&WBM't
1* U u i «%#mt bo£»ff 4opriv«d 5
2. fioaa «bout tola# ia for lor l a i»t*Ulf«i«« . . . . 3
3* Ideas about twing la for ior l a punt* . . . . . . . 3
4* Boiag eons tdsred liikofttit • . . 12
I . l o in* M 8 f i l « N < laaataro, • i t i jr , oto. IS
6. Sota# eossidsrsd laadeqttat* by adults . . . . . . 4
7. 14#** ftliovt tot«g «oasid«r*4 tfeaa
ot tor o&il&roa* %y p t m ( Vy 4
8. £&*•« sbou* 1mimg a poo* *t*i«rt ia school . . . • 1
9. Boiag ioMli«N4 * f o o l , o* poo? rroap aoator . • 0
1©# Mming eonsidmreA m gm$, or poor f««U]r aoator . . 9
11, ICoas of afeat t t o paroat* t h i i k of oao 7
12, X4oa« sbout what oao vo-alA 4o with opportnalty . . 10
IJf. Idsas about sportsmanship or loaiorafelp 11
14. I x p r t t f l a f 4 * « i n to iaprovs or to . . . 14
19. Crtt l« le* of tokavlor of ottora • . 1 9
166
TABLI X X
Ripoaf or soeioMiTiac nx&vvta m C R I T S R I O B m a s CLASS »# MNOTWUQ MWT
Pupil Total Par Caat ef M.
*©, Maa* Totti Poaaibla 8
1 6«m1 la* 35 .30 ' .22 .0484 2 tortll Xmao* 34 .48 ! .20 .0400 1 Salvia lllllar 33 .47 ! .If .0361
-$ Syron Akana 33 .47 .If .0361 5 U»|i Vista 32 .43 .17 .0289 6 Jaaa Mi? .tin 27 .38 .10 .0100 7 Lillian MoNieholla 2? .3® .10 .0100 8 Tbaraaa Xapiliao 2$ .37 .Of .0081 9 Al«xafid«y Qkiaoto 24 .37 .Of .0081 10 Alfoafo Chaaiso 25 .33 .07 •004f 11 Vinci• fsittii 24 .34 .04 .0036 12 : Susan Iaaaura 24 .34 .06 .0036 If Tiokl Safeata 24 .34 .06 .0036 14 ; Xayy lou Copaland 23 .33 .05 .0025 If Hoop H i 23 .33 .Of .0025 16 >tTi« Vftitl 21 .30 .02 .0004 If li«»i Kitnwi 21 .30 .02 .0004 If Dannis Uyada 20 .28 .00 .0000 It ilfn4 Saasoa 20 .28 .00 .0000 20 ksipii s«eaa 20 .28 .00 .0000 21 Paal 6o«i» 20 . 28 .00 .0000 21 P®trloi« Murakami 19 .27 -.01 .0001 M Marina b i M U r o 19 .27 •".01 .0001 24 9«ait lilorly 18 .25 -.03 .0009 25 Charles tout 17 .24 -.04 .0016 26 Barid Dupont 15 .21 -.07 .0049 2? Loratta Drussmond 14 .20 -.08 .OO64
it Ullr Valoria 13 .18 -.10 .0100 29 Rofeart Kong 13 | .18 -.10 .0100 50 Mason Roaa 12 .17 s — . 11 .0121 31 Sddia Fukamiau 11 .If -.13 .0169 |2 Saaual V W M T C & A W 8 .11 ! -.17 .0289 33 Paul XarlfBan 5 .07 -.21 .0441 34 Wayaa larkatt 5 .07 -.21 .0441 If Bill? Soopli 4 .05 -.23 .0529 36 AUa 4k»« 1 .01 -.27 .0729
M«aa .28 £-.5531
1*9. W • Z0™ •
167
TAilJt X
COMPASISOS o r SXT1SKK 0B09PS Off t H SOeiOMlTEIC
r « p i i «o. Soe ioao t r i c • #* r « p i i «o. . Soor«
i ..50 * .07 .0049 2 .46 • .05 .0025 3 .47 • .04 .0016 4 .47 • .04 .0016 5 . .45 • .02 .0004 6 . 3 * - . 05 .0025 7 .38 - . 0 5 ,0025 * .37 - . 0 6 .0036 9 .37 m ,06 .0036
K i t s *43 £ a 2 .0232
m •18 * ,07 ,0049 29 . I f • .07 .0049 30 .17 • .06 .0036 31 . I f • . 04 .0016 32 .11 .00 .0000 33 .07 - . 0 4 .0016 34 .07 - . 0 4 .0016 35 .Of - . 0 6 .0036 n •01 - . 1 0 .0100
M»an .11 f t * .031#
* x « .43; *2» a x # . » . x * *053j .063
£ - H k - 2 . , 0 t 3 t ^ " i a '*« .0118
• *
* •
t *
/ .02^2
9 • 9 - 2
, 0 5 1 X 4
.05®
ju2 ,02726
11,74 tinlflMai *«y©m« tkt .001
168
TABLE XI
SQMPAItlSOlt OF UPPER AMP LOWER QUART1L28 OH TBI CALIFORNIA TSST Of PIRSOMALITX,
. . 'nsSHSli i w i • •
«tp»* Q Adjtis Soeiometrio ' 5 Pupil Ho. ;F«r»oaal : £e«i«l Tetftl 1 a 2
1. " 40 30 40 * 4 '16 2 70 to m •36 1296 3 4© 30 40 - 4 16 4 50 $0 60 416 256 5 10 10 10 •34 1156 6 30 30 30 -14 19* 7 50 40 50 • 6 36 S 50. 40 50 • 6 36 t 20 m 40 - 4 16
X« «D , 44 £ « 2 3024
!<©»** % i M i e s t i f l t Pupil 1®*
28 10 10 10 ' '-12 144 29 40 30 40 •I f 324 n 60 20 40 •1# 324 31 50 30 40 +16 314 32 20 20 20 - 2 : 4 33 10 20 . 20 - 2 4 34 10 10 10 -12 144 33 5 2 5 -17 zm 36 20 20 20 *** 2 4
M«an 22 £ I 2 1561
441 % • 22
2 3024
S . S . ^ 20.7 | 14,6
2 1561
?Q24 fjm 9 • 9 - 2
i6*f
i t . f (?47) J2 .
7.943 * 2-. 76 Signif icant i t than .02 1*t«1.
169
TAXES 111
of vwm Mm umm SMMtiim m X.a. SCORES, STUDT
, r r r , [ . i r T . . i i.n i i u j i i r n n u n r i i i . l . i ui. 11.
Upp»* Q m So«loffl0tri# T#»t ":
?«pil Sflu I.Q. l « O M 4 a 2
i 101 0 0 '2 105 •4 16 3 100 -1 1 4 105 •4 16 5 92 -9 ' tl 6 102 *1 1 7 9« -3 9 i 101 © 0 t 106 •3 25'
Itts 101 £ i 2 149
!»©*•* Q on Soeioa«trio tmm%
as 72 -10 100 29 102 •20 400 50 66 -16 256 31 «4 • 2 4 32 •rt * 4 16 53 76 • § 36 34 100 418 324 35 76 • 6 36 36 87 • % 25
Wrnm 82 ± d l 1197
101; X 2- #2
4 • ^ . 149 1 «1
8 4 < 3 ) S#8k«2» 12«2
J2 lift
• - ^ / S E ±-1122 9.1 9 * 2
101 « 82 J l 9.1 (.47> 4.307
t » 4.41 Slg®ifle*»t "beyond th* .001
XfO
TABLE XIXX
m « r m Am 10m WAMmm oh ASHIEVIiUHf AeOBSS, IONOLin,tr gf«§f
tfpp«y $ 3 Soei&ttitrie t»mt A.oM«v«»a»t ®. f , a a 1
Pvtpil Bo.
1 4 , 9 - ,4 : ,16 2 6 ,5 +1,2 : 1.44 3 5 ,3 - ,1 ,01 4 6 .1 ,64 5 4 ,7 * «6 ,36 6 4 .9 i* #4 ,16 fj 4 , 2 - 1 . 1 ' 1 .31 8 4 .7 • .6 ,36 $ 6 ,6 • 1 , 3 1,69
]fi»*a 5 ,3 *V6,®3
Lo*»r Q Socioa»trio t#» i ;
2# 3.5 * ,S .64 29 6 .0 #1,7 2.#9 30 3 ,6 - . 7 .49 31 4 a - , f .04 32 4»f • .6 •: .36 33 3 ,4 - .9 . t l 34 4 .8 • ,5 : .25 35 3,6 • .7 .4* 36 4,® • .5 .25
Mean 4 .3 £ # 2 6 .22
5 J # *2* 4 ,3
_2 <• " I 6,83
»t6| I X a . .$$
jllsSLl V 9 • 9 »
6 *28 9 * 9 • H
* • f,«l, 7T, .*75 <,47)
• $75
JyJ. ,41125
t » 2 . 4 ) ftlfBlf&CMt at tli# #0f l«.v®l of confidence.
/
171
twm ix?
BISTRIBITTIOH O? TQiAt* ADJUSTMENT mtms OH tm mmtwrnm fMf m. P1RS0SALI1T, m w m AH© LOVIR '
OIT BASIS OF SMZMM&M TSST BATHOS
Qmrtilt «B
S#©F« f fl
so S 400
70 2 146
60 3 480
50 17 8*0
Totals 52 1870
Mean S#*4
&ow©r Q«*rtll« om Sceioaatri©
Bmw* f
20 1# 300
10 10 100
5 4 20
2 1 2
1 2 • 2
Totals 52 424
M®an 11.2
172
TABLE XV
eOMPARISOM OF TOTU APIUSTMSMT MOttt Oil IS* CALIFORNIA tut piisoialitt. vwwm urn low er wabtxues,
©I BASIS OF S0CZ0XS7RZ0 fISf RATIUGS
a 4 fioor« f « i* ft*
S<§§*
i
5 2 S
21.6 11.6 1.6
466,56 134,56 2.56
2332,SO 269.12 20,4$
total* 32 3S21.92
a i
20 10 5 2
15 1© 4 1
6.S 3.2 «,2 11,2
46,24 10,24 67,24 125,44
693.60 102.40 26S.96 125.82
Total* 32 14S3.22
IvrtraUl*
5S.4 | m2m 13,2
1 fS* • 3*21.92
?fft4
S.®^» 10,32 S,».2» 6,SO
£. • US3.22
e.B. 3L3.»jiw
// *i'i. i|. .12* If 4v • IrlS * w • #
p&r?rr~— 4 M 12,8
C.l. • 3,$3 Slfalfioaat at tlo ,0004 Uvti Of
in
tmm m
mmAxmm or mm m mtm q m r t i l e s , c ia s s b, XI SOeiOMEftlC PISCSlifAGSS, IS H Q CALIFORHIA
01. PSBSOIIAItlXY M CRIflSIO* W !
Upper Ourtil* on total Adjuatw»»t
C.T.P, Score Soeiomatrte
t o 6© 50 50 50 50 40 40 40
Tttftlft
mm
,4S •47 .25 •30
.27 •If .17 .37
*•17 • .16 • , 0 # -.01 • .04 - . 0 4 ~,16 - . 1 4 • .04
.0289
.0256
.0036
.0001
.0036
.0016
.0256
.0196
.0036
2.83
.31 .11
Lowar Quartile oa Total
,1122
A4jl28tS«&t'
6 .T.P. Saora Sooioaatric
ao 10 10 10 1®
5 5 2
Total*
.21
.01
.33
.07
.33
.45
.35
.05 •20
».02 * • * 2 2
• .10 -.16 • .10 • .22 • .12 -.18 • .05
.0004 .0484 .0100 .0256 .0100 .0484 .0144 .0324 .0025
2.08
t ii.fclJLr.mil .137 ( . 4 7 )
.23 s.&.
,1921
.15
.08 ,06439
• 1.24
w
tmm ifii
CGMPA&ISGH OF 0PPI1 AH© LGWtlt Q3ULXUS9, CLASS B, S» A0HIITIMIHT GRAB! PLACEM2HT, 0SISG CALIFOIMA
tt8f gf ?tI§0«A&IfX AS CRITIfilOIJ TX8¥
fppar on f«t»I iljwtMii
6J.F, &*©*• AeMavaaaat Q.P. 4 #2
to 6.5 •1.6 2.56 60 6.1 4-1.2 1.44 10 3.5 -1.4 1.96 50 4.8 ; * .1 . 0 1
50 4.7 • .2 .04 50 4.1 < m .8 .64 40 4.1 1 .64 40 3.6 -1.3 1.69 40 6.6 •1.7 2.89
totals 44a 11.67
Mass 4.9 S.B. « 1.21
l o w Q*artila oa total Adjuetmant
C.T.P. Scora Aalil•••»•&% S.P, 6 i*
ao 4.9 * .2 .04 20 4.i • .1 .01 10 5.3 • .6 .36 10 4»t • .1 .01 10 5.5 + .8 .64 10 4.7 .0 .00 5 4.1 - .6 .36 5 3.6 •1.1 1.21 2 5.2 • .5 .25
total* 42.9 i.i#
Mean 4.7 ®.P. • .48
• 4.7 .. - » 2 . . . | r * £
m .4©# .927 (.47) .4357 m .4©#
ifmmu I
T U R N SHOW I M BACKGROUND DATA
FOR CBAPFSS IT
iNflTTT TMJii AAA AX
i f f
m w m u t i m m t s s t - s * » y on f o s r c i ^ s s e s , JHUP-T4TII0 SCALE
eiui x <v*35) Pttpil 8*1 f - * *2 S # l f - 7 y 2
*y 80. I t i t i f
I Rating
11 r
*y
1 67 •20 400 77 • 31 961 620 2 64 •17 1 239 66 •20 400 340 3 62 •15 225 50 • 4 16 60 4 61 •14 196 57 •11 121 154 5 60 •13 169 49 • 3 9 39 6 59 •12 144 65 •19 361 226 7 56 • 9 : i i 53 • 7 49 63 8 55 • 6 . 64 55 • 9 SI 72 9 55 • 8 64 55 • 9 J&f 72
10 54 • 7 49 54 • 6 64 56 11 54 • 7 49 5S : +12 : 144 84 I t 53 • 6 36 48 • 2 4 12 13 50 • 3 9 51 • 5 ' 25 15 14 48 • 1 -.'1 34 —12 144 - 12 15 4# • 1 1 : 54 • 8 ] 64 8 16 48 • 1 1 52 6' . , ^ 6 IT 47 0 0 40 m |j|. 36 0 IS 46 • 1 1 40 - 6 36' 6 I t 45 <* 2 4 40 - 6 36 12 2d 45 - 2 4 55 • 9 m, - 16 ai 44 m J| 9 41 - 5 25 : 15 22 42 - 5 25 45 - 1 1 5 23 42 - 5 25 39 • 7 ; 49 35 24 41 - 6 36 40 — 6 36 36 25 41 - 6 36 45 - 1 1 6 26 40 • ? 49 46 0 0 0 27 40 • 7 49 41 - 1 1 7 28 3# - 9 • 81 40 «Mr ^ 36 54 m 36 » i i : 121 42 - 4 16 44 m 35 -12 144 37 - 9 61 108 31 32 -15 225 35 -11 121 165 32 32 : -15 225 26 ! -20 400 300 33 29 - I t 324 26 -20 400 360 34 22 -25 625 20 -26 676 650 35 47 0 0 41 — 5 : 25 0
1636 3761 1621 4617 3632 T - ,30,
3602
K*«a 46»8 46.3 9 « i i | 47 46
in
«!••• If <I«332 TABLE
Ptipil Ho.
tolf- S»lf-Sfttia# XX
# xy
a a 5 4 5 6 7 8 f XO 11 XI 13 14 If 16 17 18 If 20 21 21 23 14 25 26 m 28 If It 31 12 33
To* tala
76 m u 62 5# 57 jMi 54 53 53 92 m 50 4t 47 46 45 49 45 44 14, 44 41 41 4? 4? 35 40 46 3t 30 27 35
1584
• • • • • * •
• 2 8 •1? •16 •14 •10 • t *
6 5 5 4 i 2 0
- X • 2 "* J| - 3 ,#* J| * 4> * 4 - 4 - 5 * f * X * '4 -13 * 8 • 8 *• -It -fl -13
784 219 254 196 190 ftL 64 36 25 25 16 4 4 © 1 4 f * t 16 16 16 25 25 1 1
169 64 64 #1 324 441 16$
3524
4«.0
66 62 60 65 41 46 47 4f 51 51 37 41 4f 57 '47 35 3§ 34 4# 41 56 43 49 53 51 47 42 40 36 42 34 24 37
•20 •16 *14 •If - 5 0
• 1 • 3 • 5 • 5 - f • 5 • 3 •11 • 1 *11 * $
•12 • 3 * 5 •1© • 3 3 7 5 1
— 4 «• 6 *10 * 4 •12
- f
1520 2968 { 252#
46.0
91mm mn (SmM) wmm x^ii--coit^au&a
Mo, l l l f " Eating
2
Self** Satta*
I t
J 4 «r
a a 3 4 5 4 n i t
i t IX 12 13' 14 If 16 If I I If 20 31 22 i j 14 15 26 a? at at I® n i t
Wmoi toiai
44 4a 60 f t s# 57 55 15 54 53 48 44 44 45 45 45' 44 43 42 41 41 If 3« 37 35 n n 28 af 26 22 17
13*S
•aa • i # #14 *15 •14 4 l | #11 #11 •1# • § # 4 # a # a # i # i • i
o ** 3* - a - 3 • I - 5 - 4 - 7 *p £ •13 -14 -14 - I f -111 -at -a?
444 m 256 aa§ 196 169
121 100 i t 14 4 4 1 1 1 0 1 4 9 t
a5 34 4f #1
169 196 256 a«f fa4 444 ta t
4745
43.7 44
43 53 54 55 54 5a 53 54 47 45 45 47 45 44 3# 43 44 5# 42 34 41 33 3$ 33 43 If 35 3a 34 26 at 18
•ao •10 •15 • ia • n • f •10 •11
4 • • • • • #
4 a i
«* 4 0
• 1 •14 ~ 1 «* 7 •» a • i # • 4 -1® # - 4 - $ -11 » 7 -17 -15 -15
100 at5 *44
41 100 i a i 14 4
1' 4 1
14 0 1
354 1
4t 4
100 14
100 0
36 44
i a i 49
a i t 225 415
13f t
43.0 43
3349
440
a40 l i o 154 117 11# m
40 14
ft i 4 1
- 4 0 0
• 14 a 21 4
m U 70 0
78 l i t 174 11$ 304 330 475
s
m
t m m 30EXIX—Contiam#<l ei»»« xfixi <*»28)
flfil ®«Sf~ 1 Mioau Joura.)
X V " 8«1*-; * 1 m
Sating - Sfttiasr i m
X II
1 58 • 1 4 , 16? : 55 •12 144 t
3.68 2 Si •12 144
*~*T 42 - 1 :
144 t * 1 2
3 56 . # 1 2 : 144 48 • 5 •; .25 : 60 4 ft •15 ; 225 69 ••26 • 1 676 390
$ 5 ft • 8 64 44 1 • 1 1 390
$ 51 • * 7
, • f 49 43 : 0 0
7 ft • 6 36 53 •10 ., 100 : • 60 S 50 : • 6 36 59 •16 256 • 96 t 49 • 5 : . 25 : 51 • 8 i 64
36 40
10 49 • 5 25 49 : • 6 •; 64 36 30
1 1 49 • 5 25 51 • 8 64 : 40 1 2 47 • 3 f : 46 ; • 3 9 9 13 47 • 3 9 49 • 6 36 : It 14 46 • 2 4 54 •11 ; 121 22 15 46 ; X 2 : 4 42 • 1 1 — 2 14 45 • 1 1 35 m d 64 — 8 17 42 * 2 4 37 • 6 36
9 : 12
If 41 - 3 : 9 40 • 3 . 36 9 : 9
If 41 * 3 = 9 45 • 2 4 . — 6 20 41 - 3 9 34 m ^ 81 27 2 1 41 - 3 9 46 • 3-: 9 - 9 22 39 • 5 25 45 • 2 : 4 - 10 23 39 - f 25 35 - 8 64 ' 40 24 38 • 6 36 34 - 9 ' 8 1 : 54 25 37 ': - ? 49 33 ; - 1 0 lAB 70 26 30 -14 196 30 -13 : i6t
900 ; : 182
27 18 -26 676 13 i6t 900 ; 7it
28 15 -29 ; 841 22 **21 • 441 . . 6 0 9
fe-" ^ l
tal* 1232 1884 1204 3496 MM ' W f t '
Mran 44.0 43.0
©1*»* So,
I J? Jm w m m
j k w m m m
SmtiallmSE; * % %
47 46 33 48 44 32 44 4| 28 44 43
Jtot, illk mi if *»
ar jswyi%* .864 .741 «932 two «**let • 843 t*« «••!»
thr»« aontba
119
TABLE 23X111
mwmwm or iigh am® im mmmm m Bmmmmu smnm
Mtgh £ « l f - # e & e « p t J X©» S # l f - 0 m i # « p % O y o m p
IA. $ d2 i i * , . . « *
1 4 2 • 4 0 0 • • 2 * 7 • 0 * 2 3 6 § 142 : . 0 7 1 i • - • 0 1 7 'i .0002*9 3 m •i*o - . 1 3 3 •0176*9 1 2 3 . 3 * 4 + . 2 9 6 : • . 0 * 7 6 1 6 123 . 1 7 3 - . 1 4 0 . 0 1 9 6 0 0 123 1 .057 ; - • 0 3 1 i . 0 0 0 9 6 1 122 .250 • • 0 6 3 . 0 0 3 9 6 9 122 ; • 0 3 6 ; -•052 ; . 0 0 2 7 0 4 121 . 4 0 0 • . 0 * 7 . 0 0 7 5 6 9 1 2 2 •040 , - . 0 4 * ; . 0 0 2 3 0 4 119 •196 * • 1 1 7 . 0 1 3 6 * 9 120 : • 0 * 0 —•00* • 0 0 0 0 6 4 117 . 1 7 2 - . 1 4 0 • 0 1 9 6 0 0 '32* - •160 • . 0 7 2 i , 0 0 5 1 * 4 IIS : ,196 : — . 1 1 7 • 0 1 3 6 * 9 11* •154 • * 0 6 6 .004356 H 5 : .m 4.264 • © 1 9 6 9 6 117 .. •100 ; 4 . 0 1 2 . 0 0 0 1 4 4 116 • 2 0 0 - . 1 1 3 . 0 1 2 7 6 9 117 : • 0 1 9 4 . 0 2 1 . 0 0 0 4 4 1 1 1 6 • 1 5 0 *•063 :
. 0 0 3 9 6 9 116 •062 - . 0 2 6 • 0 0 0 6 7 6 119 . 0 8 0 - • 2 3 3 # 0 5 4 2 * 9 115 • 147 -.041 •0016*1 114 .mi - . 1 0 2 •010404 1 2 4 : • 0 3 6 : - • 0 5 2 •002704 W . 5 0 0 - . 0 1 3 . 0 0 0 1 6 9 114 . 1 2 0 4.032 • 0 0 1 0 2 4 IIS MJbm . 5 3 * • • 9 2 5 • 0 0 0 6 2 5 1 1 3 • 1 1 6 - 4.02* • 0 0 0 7 * 4 1 1 2 •42* * • 1 1 5 • 0 1 3 2 2 5 i n , • 1 0 0 4.1112 ; . 0 0 0 1 4 4
" 112 +4*4 . # • 1 5 1 .022*01 1 1 1 .050 - • 0 3 * 1 . 0 0 1 4 4 4 1 9 9 . 1 6 1 - • 1 5 2 • 0 2 3 1 0 4 ; 110 .053
; ,100 - . 0 3 5 nnf
im .557 • • 0 4 4 . 0 0 1 9 3 6 10* .053
; ,100 + . 0 1 2 •000144 im . 5 7 5 # • 0 6 2 ; .003*44 10* •050 ; -.03* . 0 0 1 4 4 4 im . 2 6 9 - . 0 4 4 .001936 107 • 0 * 9 ; 4 * 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 7 . 5 5 5 : + .222 .0493*4 1 0 7 •0*9 4 . M i l
: .000001 m? . 1 7 2 i - • 1 4 1 . 0 1 9 * * 1 1 0 7 • 0 5 7 j - . 031 :
. 0 0 0 9 6 1 I O S . • 5 1 6 • •005 ! .000009 ' 106 • 2 6 9 ••i*i : • 0 3 2 7 6 1 i®# - .406 • • 0 9 3 • 0 0 * 6 4 9 105 . •071 -•017 • 0 0 0 2 * 9 1 0 6 • . 5 2 3 < - . 0 * 1 .006561 1 0 4 •116 4.02* : • 0 f 0 ? # 4 105 : . 1 1 6 ; - • 1 9 7 •03**09 1 0 3 • 0 5 7 ; - . 0 3 1 ; . 0 0 0 9 6 1 105 . 3 1 2 - . 0 0 1 .000001 1 0 3 • 2 1 4 : 4,1.26 •015*76 IGf •2** - • 0 2 5 .000625 1 0 3 • 0 5 3 - • 0 3 5 • 0 0 1 2 2 5 105 .517 ••894 : •041616 102 . 0 3 3 - • 0 5 5 • 0 0 3 0 2 5 105 .596 • •2*5 .0*00*9 102 • 0 3 1 - . 0 5 7 •003249 105 ; •607 • • 2 9 4 .0*6436 102 •100 4.012 i • 0 0 0 1 4 4 1 0 5 : * t f§ - • 0 2 3 • 0 0 0 5 2 9 i 102 : . 0 7 1 - . 0 1 7 • 0 0 0 2 * 9 1 0 5 • 2 6 5 : - . • 0 4 * • 0 0 2 3 0 4 1 0 2 .260 : 4.172 : . 0 2 9 5 * 4 1 0 5 • 2 6 5 - • 0 4 * ' * 0 0 2 3 0 4 100 •125 4.037 i •001369 1 0 4 .507 - . 0 0 6 . 0 0 0 0 3 6 100 •107 4,019' : . 0 0 0 3 6 1 1 0 4 •469 * • 1 5 6 .024336 100 •017 - . 0 7 1 .! • 0 0 5 0 4 1 1 0 4 . 3 3 3 • • § 2 0 . 0 0 0 4 0 0 100 •0*3 - . 0 0 5 . 0 0 0 0 2 5 1 0 5 .575 • . 1 6 2 . 0 * 3 * 4 4 9 9 •214 • • 1 2 6 • 0 1 5 * 7 6 1 © I : . 2 5 ® - . 0 6 3 . 0 0 3 9 6 9 9 9 •019 — , 0 6 9 , ' •004761
i t o
TABLX
Sl f l i tel£~eon©»pt Oroup to* t«lf*eo»«opt 6»«p
1 , 0 . . % « .2 H : x.ft* 1 • $ - 6 «*
102 .52* • .215 .046225 99 . 107 • .019 • .000361 102 .357 • .044 .001936 9# ,047 : - . 0 4 1 ,001681 100 • an • .020 .000400 97 : ,125 • .037 ' .001369 100 ,513 • .205 .042025 96 ; .220 •-.132 ; .017424
99 .a#5 *.028 ' .000784 ( 96 ; .017 : **071 : ,005041 99 .53# #.225 .050625 : 95 : .053 **035 ,001225 99 .134 • # l f 9 ,032041 95 .017 - - . 071 ,005041 99 ,3d3 •.010 ,000100 94 : .161 • .073 .005329 98 .256 : - . 0 5 5 .003025 94 .100 : ^,012 ,000144 97 .230 - . 0 8 3 .006689 : 94 .017 - . 0 7 1 .003041 96 .220 - .093 .008649 94 .057 : - .031 ,000961 95 .250 : ~*063 ; .003969 93 .068 . ,030 ,000000 94 .321 +.008 .000064 .93 ,033 i - , 0 5 5 • '• .003025 95 .091 .049284 93 .016 - . 0 7 2 : ,0051i4 f 4 .132 - . 0 8 1 .006561 93 , 031 . -*057 .003249 94 .383 •,070 .004900 ' 92 ; .096 • ,008 .000064 93 .303 *,010" .000100 92 : .088 ,000 .000000 93 • .JW - .010 .000100 92 : .129 • , 0 3 1 : ' ,000961 92 .363 •.050 .ooasoo 92 ,091 • . 0 0 3 ,000009 92 ,272 . - . 041 .001681 92 - .129 • ,031 ,000961 $0 .142 - . 171 : .029241 90 : .053 - . 0 3 5 .001225 89 .306 - .007 ,000049 91 : .107 +.019 .000361 84 .216 - . 0 9 7 ,009409 89 .080 ~.0©8 .000064 81 .439 • .126 .015876 85 .071 -#017 .000289 80 .250 - .063 .003969 64 .066 - . 0 2 2 ,000484 SO .322 ; • .009 .000081 : 80 .017 - . 0 7 1 .005041 74 .234 i ,006241 78 : .096 •.008 ; .000064
6941 20.960 1.093347 6876 4.000 .296514
104 .313 103 ,088
i.». • .120, a.*..- ,oif « . i . • « i f i - .oaa
; / '""""a1" •" a / T5 i r~ • "Ziitx •
. g t 2 2 g „
ooo55c$I
S . » . * ,066, • • S . | | 2 » « 0 0 t l
• . H ) - .088
00022$ + ,00006561
/ 13,2# t l f f t l f i i g n t ' S t 1»*y©J*<i tfe* ,00003 l « r « l «f eonf ideaoe
TABLE XXXIV
OOSKfctXftOS OF HISH Mm W9 SSUNNMKVt OftOM «* CALIFOBHIA ACHIEVEMENT W T , FORM 60
M l
Ii#& §#lf~C©ao»pt Group iow S»lf-C©a««pt Group
x .« . 4 i 2 K.Q. a . p . #
142 7.7 *1.7 2.19 142 7 .2 •2 .0 4.00 124 7 .0 •1*0 1.20 123 4 .7 •1 .3 2.23 113 4 .7 • .7 .49 123 4 .4 •1 .2 1 .44 122 7*0 •1 .0 1.00 • 122 4 .4 •1 .2 1 .44 121 7.2 •1 .2 1*44 122 4 .2 •1 .0 1.00 119 4 . 9 • .9 .41 It© 3 .9 • .7 •49 117 4 .4 • .4 • 34 l i t 4 .4 • 1 . 4 1.94 11$ 4 .2 • .2 .04 118 4 . 1 • .9 .41 113 4 , 4 • #4 .14 117 3 .4 • .4 .14 114 4 .3 • .3 .23 117 4 . 1 .41 116 4 .3 • . 3 .23 114 3 .3 • . 3 .09 I IS 4 . 4 • .4 .14 113 3 .3 • .1 .01 114 ! 4 .3 i • .3 .09 114 3.4 :• .4 .14 119 4 .9 ] • *9 .11 114 4 . 3 •1 .3 1.49 112 3 .9 j - .1 .01 l i t 4 .1 *1 .1 1 .21 112 4 .3 • .3 .23 i l l 4 . i ; • .9 .41 112 4 .3 • .3 •23 i l l 3 .1 - . 1 .01 109 4 .2 • .2 .04 110 3 .4 • .4 .34 Id* 3 .4 * .2 .04 104 3.4 • .4 .34 i ©7 3 .9 - .1 .01 107 3 .4 • .4 .34 I m 4 .7 • .7 .49 107 3.7 • .3 .23 103 3.4 - .4 .14 104 3 .2 .0 .00 104 4 .2 • .2 •04 103 3 .9 • .7 .49 106 4 .4 • .4 .44 104 4*4 • .4 .14 103 4 .2 • . 2 .04 103 4 .4 - .4 .34 109 7 .2 •1 .2 1.44 103 3 . 1 - . 1 .01 109 3 .9 • *1 .01 103 3 .9 - 1 . 3 1.49 105 3 .9 - a .01 102 3.4 • .4 .34 103 3 ,4 1 - .4 .14 102 3 .2 .0 .00 103 3 .9 - . 1 .01 102 3.* • .3 .09 103 ! • * - .3 .23 102 4 . 1 • 1 . 1 1 .21 103 7 . 1 •1 .2 1.44 ; 102 3 .4 • .4 .34 103 4 .2 : • .2 . .04 100 3 .4 • .4 .34 104 3.7 * . 3 .09 100 3 .1 * . 1 .01 104 3 .7 * *3 .09 100 3 . 1 ! - . 1 . .01 104 3 . i - .2 .04 100 4 .3 - . 9 .41 103 4 .4 • .4 .14 99 3 .0 - .2 .04 103 4 .2 • .2 : .04 99 3 .3 ' • . 3 .09 102 i 3 .9 • .1 .01 1 99 3 .0 • .2 .04 102 4 .4 • .4 .34 | 9# 3.4 • .4 .14
1 4 2
TABU XXXIT—^aa i i j a aM.
M i f c S « l f - C o n o * p t Qyoup Low g« l f~©Q»«* |> t Group
1.9* o . p * • 4 4 2 i . « . ; O . P . # &
1 0 0 s * 7 ; #* # j | .09 t t i 5 . 0 - .2 i . 0 4 100 6 , 0 0 0 :• 9 6 j 5 . 1 - . 1 ! *01
f t . 6 . 2 • . 2 .04 96 1 5 . 9 • .7 : *49
99 I 6 . 6 • *6 . | 6 9 5 4 . 4 ; — *4 . 64 t f S*6 aw» *4 .16 9 5 4 . 4 . 4 *64 9 9 S 3 » . S : .25 94 5 . 0 ! - . 2 j , *04 98 S . 9 - . 1 . 0 1 94 4 . 4 - *4 *64 97 6 . 0 *t .00 9 4 4 . 4 • *4 *16 n S 3 i • .5 . 2 5 94 4*4 : - *4 *64 9 5 S.O i *1*0 1 . 0 0 n 4*6 ; - . 6 *36 94 5*0 - 1 . 0 1 .00 9 3 5 . 3 • . 1 *01 t f 4 * 6 ; - 1 . 4 1*96 93 4*2 -1*0 1 . 0 0
94 §•9 • . 1 .01 9 3 5*6 • . 4 *16 94 6 . 3 • *3 .09 92 5*4 i • . 2 *04 n s*2 • . 4 .64 92 4*7 : - . 5 *25 %$ ' 4*4 - 1 . 2 , 1*44 t 2 4*0 - 1 . 2 1*44 m 5 . 4 • *4 s .16 9 2 5 . 1 .1 : *01 90 6 . 0 . 0 .00 90 3*9 - 1 . 3 1 * 6 9 i f s . o - 1 . 0 : 1 . 0 0 91 3 . 7 - 1 . 5 2 . 2 9 #4 s*s : - . s ' . 2 5 i t 4 . 5 - .7 •49 81 S . 6 - . 4 .16 ^ 45 4*7 - . 5 . 2 5 t o 5 »1 • *9 . i i : 44 4 * 4 - *4 .64 8© 5 . 2 — . 4 •64 i 80 3 * 4 -1*4 242~44 74 S . l - *9 .81 7 8 3*4 - 1 . 4 1 . 9 4
6 9 4 1
X 104 4 0 2 , 4
4 . 0 28,78 6 8 7 6
1 0 3
346*8 5*2 :
4 5 * 3 0
S . D .
f m • lt«
. i f , i . I . B » *04
HW ^ ®8L
S . I . • .822. s * i . a « a #
4 . o - 5 . 2
r . m • ' "
#.»• ,128 € , 2 9 , « i | » i f i « a t H y « U i . 0 0 0 0 3 1 » t « 1 o f d o m f l i « a « * .
w
9aht.9 t m
0OMPARISOH Of B1QB M B LOW SILf-COHOIPt GEOfffS OH CALXFOIMIA ACHIZVSMEHT TO*. immt tm
Hi*& S®lf-Coaa«pt Group Jawr S«lf-0oa4#pt Group
X.Q, G.P. a X.Q. G.P. 4*
14a 134 123 122 121 lit 117 11* 115 iii 116 lis 114 113 lit lit 112 m t If? 106 107 107 1 07 105
10# 105 105 105 105 m 105 103 105 105 104 104 104c 103 IdS
8.0 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.3 6.7 7,« 6,i 4.f 7*0 7.0 #•4 6.t 6.t #.7 7.0 7.2 6.4 4.4 6.f 6.6 4.7 7 .1 4.5 4.t 7.2 4.4 4.5 4 . 1 4.® 7.1 6.8 4. J 7,f 4.3 $.7
7*2 4.3
•1 .4 • .# • .4 • .4 • .7 • .1 •1. 2 • .2 • .3 * .4 * .4 - .2 * .3 • .3 • . 1 • .4 • .4 .0
• .2 • .3 .0
• .1 • .5 - .1 • .3 • .4 .0
- .1 - .5 • .2 * .5 • .2 - .3 •1.3 - .3 • .1 - .2 - .1 • .4
96 44 36 34 4t 01 44 04 Ot 16 14 04 ©t m 01 16 34 00 @4 m 00 01 25 01
00 01 25 04 25 .04 .Of •6t .0t .01 .04 .01 .34 .0§ I
142 123 123 122 122 120 U S 11# 117 117 H 4 115 114 114 113 111 H I 110 lot 104 107 107 107 104 105 104 103 103 1©3 lot 102 lot 102 102 100 100 100 100 ft ft
7.2 7.3 7 .1 7.0 6.# 6.4 6.7 6.7 4 .1 4 .1 4*3 6.0 5.t 7.0 4.7 4.4 5.0 6.6 5.1 6.2 6.4 f.t 5.5 5.6 4.5 5.2 4.5 5.t i.5 4.2 6.1 4.0 4.4 6.1 5.7 5,f 5.4 4.3 6.2 6.3
•1.5 •1.6 •1 .4 •1.3 •1.1 • .7 •1.0 •1.0 • .4 & *4 • .6 • .3 • .2 •1 .3 -1.0 • .7 .1 . t .6 .5 .7 .2
— .2 - .1 • .8 - .5 •*1.2 • .2 — .2 • .5 Si .4 • .3 -1.3 • .4 .0 • .2 - .3 - .4 • .5 • .4
2.25 2.56 1.% 1 .4 t 1.21 •4t
1*00 1.00 .16 .16 .34 .Ot •04
1.6f 1.00 *4t .01 ,81 .34 .25 .4t .04
.01
.44
.25 1.44
.04
.04 *25 .16
1.69 .14 .00 .04 .0§
l.t6 .25 .36
1«4
SUM XXXt'-Oantl
Slfli S»lfHgone0pt Group low S»lf-C oao«pt ftrovp
X.«. ®.F. * • *2 ; f.H. 8.P. 4
lOt 4,7 . • .1 .01 99 5.3 • .4 .14 102 7,0 * .4 .14 96 5,4 ' « ,3 .09 100 7.1 • ,5 .25 < 97 : 4,0 • .3 •Of 100 6*3 - .3 ,0f 94 4*9 • • ,4 - .,44
. 99 4,4 ,0 ,00 94 i 4,4 : * ,7 : •49 tt 7.6 ! •1,0 1,00 95 5,4 : - .3 ,09 tt 4,7 • ,1 ,01 95 5,4 ] * * 1 ,01 99 4,2 - ,4 .14 94 5.5 - .2 ,04 ft 4,5 - ,1 .01 : 94 4.7 -1,0 1,00 f7 4,3 : • •09 94 5,9 : + .2 •04 96 5.7 • ,9 ,n 94 5,1 : - ,4 : .34 95 5.5 —1,1« 1,21 93 4.5 -1,2 • 1,44 94 4,1 - ,5 •25 : 93 4,9 — ,8 .44 95 5.2 -1.4 1,94 93 5.0 - ,7 . .49 94 413 • .1 .01 93 4,0 • .3 .09 94 4.4 * .2 • .04 92 ; 4,2 • .5 .23 93 4,® • . 2 .04 92 5.4 - .3 .09 93 5.2 ! •** mJL 1.94 : 92 5.2 - ,5 i .25 91 ; 4.0 .34 92 4.0 -1,7 2,49 92 4,1 : ** #f .25 ! 92 5.9 * ,2 .04 90 4,2 «•> A .14 : 90 3.4 • -1,9 3.41 i t 5,(1 ^ #Jt ! .44 91 4.4 -1.1 1.21 #4 5.7 «P # .SI , 19 5.0 - . t • .49 i i 4,0 * » % .34 i f 4.3 -1:.4 1.94 80 5.7 • .f i ,«1 44 4.5 -aui ' 1.44 40 4,0 «* * 4 ; .34 m 3.« -1.9 3.41 74 6.2 ** .4 .14 74 4.5 i -1.2 : 1.44
4941 442.9 22,25 4474 374,4 44.57 II 104
: 4,4 103 5.7 :
.575, •070 • .450* • ,10
e.t. . *i - j *2 - 4,4 - 5.7
/s.s. wOL* / .01 + .0049
f , X. -*SL .122
7,37, significant fc»yon« ,00003 of sifaifiea&e*. -
185
GOMPARXSOI
tM&iM mat
high k m low qboups OM fSUHttffXIt fISf
Hlfli S«flf-Coae#pt Group torn S«lf-Coae»pt 6»»^
I.Q« JljMUMIMb iPWPjfTP x.a« Stsr* d
14a 114 129 122 111 lit 117 i u 119 u i 11$ 119 114 H I lit 111 111 1#* 107 106 107 107 107 109 104 106 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 104 104 104 109 109
94 40 48 58 79 62 4§ 97 90 42 #1 49 49 52 6t 99 41 79 9# 62 9# 46 66 7t 96 62 6f 6§ 60 49 67 44 9t 99 67 64 6# 41 if 61
* 4 •It -10 0
•19 * 4 m * 1 - t -16 * 9 -19 -19 * 6 •10 -29 -17 •19 0
• 4 - t -12 • t +n - 2 • 4 •ii •11 • 2 -19 • 9 -14 - i • l • 9 • 6 •10 -17 •11 • 9
36 924 l@t 0
229 16 tl 1 64 296 9
I6f 229 96 10® 92f 269 129 0 16 4
144 64 121 4 16 121 121 4
169 tl 196 64 1 tl 96 10® 2it 121 f
142 129 129 122 122 120 lit h # 117 117 116 119 114 114 119 111 H I 110 lot lot 107 107 107 106 IfiC mww 104 109 109 109 102 102 102 102 102 100 100 100 100 99 99
99 96 61 91 99 97 40 47 67 it 92 97 99 42 90 97 97 4t 9£ 29 M 44 96 9t 99 92 9t 40 47 41 29 44 27 99 99 JL& 46 47 9# 49
— 2 •19 • 2 0 •10 - 2 - 4 - 1 • 6 •26 -19 •11 •16 •If • 1 -11 - 4 - 4 • 7 - 9 -12 -19 • 9 •19 - 9 - 2 • 9 m J| - 1 • 6 0
-It • 9 -14 - 2 - 2 • 9 • 9 • 9 •17 • t
4 219
100 4
16 1 96 676 169 121 296 144 1
121 16 16 49
. 29 144 169 9
229 9 4 81 9 1 96 0
924 t
196 4 4 29
P 2t9 64
144
tmm mn—mumni
Migh S»lf-eoa#«pt Group S#w Smlt Cono«pt ©roup
! • « . I M M 4 4 1 X«4* Bmmfcj £ 4 2
202 $4 '•24 574 99 42 •21 i 441 102 5 4 - i 4 9* 47 ;
39 : • 4 : 34
100 45 * 7 49 97 47 ; 39 : - 2 : 4
100 44 • 4 44 94 29' ; -12 i 144 99 44 • 4 34 94 40 - 1 1 99 55 • 3 f 34 • 7 49 99 41 # 5 9 *5 41 0 0 99 47 4 9 *1 94 32 - 9 41
• m \ 50 • 4 44 94 34 - 7 49 -ft 96
$4 m g - 4 94 54 ; •13 149 -ft 96 42 -14 . 254 94 37 - 4 14 95 40 • 2 4 93 34 - 7 49 94 S3 - 5 2f : 93 24 : -13 149 93 47 • 9 41 93 24 -13 149 94 43 • 5 25 93 40 - 1 1 m 70 • I t 144 92 39 ** J| 4 93 45 • 7 49 92' : 48 • 7 i 49 93 45 • 7 4f 92 40 - 1 ; 1 92 44 4 4 34 92 45 • 4 ; 14 92 45 * 7 : 4t 92 41 0 § 90 74 ; #14 254 9® 55 ; •14 194
• % m 57 m 1 1 ; 91 42 • 1 194
• % #4 70 .•12 144 i f 33 - 4 34 81 7 | •I f 215 45 27 -14 194 #0 47 -11 121 44 n * 9 41 so 51 - 5 25 to 20 - t l 441 74 f i 0 0 74 35 a* £ 34
4941 3499 6«33 4474 2745 44f t
104 f t - . ;s l0*£ 41
« . » . • 10.09, I . l , a «
C . l . • -
1*14
54
4«S«a«
41
1.21
-2
i . l .
m 9 . i • wX *mSt
17-~
— 2 1»24 • 1.21
9 .42 .
^ r r
i i f t i f U f t s t b®yond .00003 I t f t l of ©onfid«no».
APPENDIX $
COPIES OF TESTS
m m * roa § m m » z?
l#f
CATIG0EI1S 0? fKE BlOfMFAlM SSX,F~RAfI*G M&M MM tm AMPNTIOM
Th* 1 ro*nfaia Saala 1. latallifoaaa 2. Mtwity 3. Otsml Gultura 4. Soaial Foia* f. Pkyaie&l AttraetiTanaes iMtKMg
?. Sociability 0. Gan ar oa it y t. Xkasm 10. Ch#erfuln®«8 13.. ©o«ai*taa«y 12. Bimmw.ity 13. laitiativa 14. Truetfuluaas 15. Flaxifcillty W, Sportaaaaabip If. 2»ilTi|«lll 1®. laltMit 4m oppoaita
••1 W. Salf-uadarataiiaiji# 30. £«pa&4abllity 21. lUMWtaitai of otfear« 22. Salf-aacaptaaoa 23. Popularity 24. Pwwttg* 25. Ovar-all adjuatnant
fto ilapittim 1. Intalligenoa. 2. Ay# yea Itiaf your agraf
I. Mow iUn«tiv* «r Bio* looking ara you?
4. Ganaroaity (staring) £. Xttitri lal 9« Xi *. Chaarfulaeaa 7. listtritjr f. Iaitiatirai doing tkian xmMlf
9. 1©. fUiiliUty (oppoaita ©f
atufeborcmaaa 11* SportaaaaaMp 12. A*# |«« Ukl «ik»f toy* or
***!• ta y#w group? If. yom lika to til toy* *»t ' :. firlit 14* Salf-undoratan ding If • Am y©« dapondable? 16. to you indaratand ottor If. t© you llto youraalf a#
you mf 14. fo|«l«»it7 If. A** ye* as. laportant m«p
ataktrf 2t. A** jroi a v«ytHMl«
paraon?
/
how m you sati f m n t i t
1* Intelligencei a. Xoa tfciak you ara oaa of tfc* asartaat («r ao»t
pupil# to |wur alaaa. fe. Yon tUak you «ra »er© iatallijaat tb&a most ebll-
iraa la tha rooa. a. lev fealiava tint yen ara aa aaart aa M«t of tlia
children is tha room. d. Ton do not think j«i are fitita a« faisle is tmamtmg
u iMt of tk* ahildraa ia ito froup. • . Xou hava * hardar tiaa laaraiat t&a* tk» wmt of
tla 4killn» in tfe© group.
2. irt yo* Hlaf jron *|«! a. Ion ara mora £rou»-up tfcaa Umi otfear children la your
»*• **©«?.
"b, You ara aora lika ohildraa of older grmp* ia tha way ttei you hahava, aad lika to play with old*? A i l d m .
o. Yau ara aa trowa-up la year Muiilor aa iha raat of tfca hoy# tad firlf in your group.
d. ton aat young** thaa moat of tha a3iiM*a» ia your group, aad you lika to play ilU youagar ohildraa.
a, 111 of' tha ahildraa ia your group aat too old for youj you fool that you ari youagar ia your feafeawiwr thaa aay of
|. laaaara «tl paoplat a. Yaa aot aiaaly aad politaly iftaa witk otfcar paopla
air piviiMf or with your ago group* aad aan alwaya fiad i«at)daf to 4e or aay.
fc. torn thiak yaa aas aoot aad talk to pooplo fcattar thus aoat h«|« M i girla and aat vary aiaaly.
a. faux* aaaaara ia Mating and talkiag to paopla are aa good aa tfeaaa of maay of tha hoys aai girla of your group.
d. lou ara aa&arraaaai or ehy ia aaatiag aad talkiag with paople ami yaw feafcavior ia s©it«tl»a« aot aa aiaa aa it a&ould ha*'
a, tarn tfciak that yom ara w»y awkward cadi oluiaay when ia a group ttl yoa da aat lilt to to axpaata* to aat |mat riglt im a « m i .
4« lot attraativa or aiaa lookiag ara yoaf a. fou ara probably oaa of t&a aoat attraatiwa fcoya o*
flfts ia youy age group. oti ara aora attraotiva tliaa moat of tl» a^lXdraa af your group•
a. Ion ara aa attraatira aa tfea othar lioya or firla arouad your «|«,
im
4» i n you not m» attraetiva m tha otto* boya or rirla la aoao way#i
0. T m «y« ynliUy «*• »f ti* aoat ItMly «r jtliia looking- Hoys or ylrla of your a*a group.
i. O m m l i y t ». Ton ahara yoar thiaga, yoar poaaaaaloaa, aai your ' aoaay with othara mm thaa any' othar boy ©r girl of jro r i|t group doaa.
%• Tom ahara with athar paopla aora them a»»i of tha ' tooyi *»d eirls.
a. low ahara with o U m a« ataeh aa tha othar boys or flrll 4«,
A« I n io t»t ahara wit& othara «a aaah mi most of tha boy« o* girls io.
• • Tom do sot X1H to share your tti«f« «lik othar boy# or girl* ami m& yoa do aot ahara aalaaa you mm sada to do ao.
6. €haa?fulaaaa: «, leu ara alwaya efeoorfal and happy *te«i thlaga and
ballawa that thlaga will t m out vail for yoa. b. Tom ara aore ahaarful thaa moat of tha ahlliros ia
yomr |io^. • • I w art abaat as ilMifil aa tha mfcaga W y or |ivl
of |0«» «|i» 4. Tot ara uahappy u i dlsappoiatad ilovi thlaga aora
than moat of tha b%o aai ffsis of yomr ago group, a. too thiak that things uaaally tara oat had vitk yti,
aai you ara alaoat alwaya flower or aai or aahappy.
7. ilaaarltyi a. Toa alwaya saaa what you aay aad do what you aay aai
year proaiaas, %• Toa saaa what you say aoat of tha tin aai ara trath-
fal or aiaoora. a. I « aoaatlaaa toaao aai »ay thiBga you do aot aaaa
or fail to kaap yoar proal### aoaatiaaa. 1, Tom fall to kaap year proalaoa wary oftaa baaaaaa
yoa do aot lllto havlag thlaga to io aoro thaa moat of tft» boya or glrla.
a. loa do aot kaap proalaa* or aaaa what yoa #ay baaauaa yoa io aot Mho to kaap proalaaa.
•. Ialtiatlra: Ara yoa your owa aolf-otartor? a* Tom aaka up year aiil aad io thiaga without M a t
foraad to* b. Tom io thiaga yoaraalf aoat of tha tiaa baaauaa yoa
fool yoa io aot hava to ho toli tow to io thlaga aaoh of tho tiaa.
190
e . Ion oaa do sos» thing® % yoaraalf feat par t of tlia t i aa aaod to to raaiadad dip told to do thain.
d. Ion aaad telp i s daaidias tiling* or do lag: tbinee sea t of ttMi t i s a .
a . I m lo a»l life* to taf« i e I n l O d f f t r y»« alaaya l ike tsar othora to daalda f « r yea m toll ! •« a t o t to do.
t . f m i f i l i M s t ' a . Tm alaaya i n » t aad toliava other poopla beeausa
otfeer paopla aau to t rus ted . b. Tou fealleva seat o f ' tfce t i a i a t tot other people aaat
to do r i g l t , a . Toa toli«r« ttat o t to r people eaa be t n t t o l par t
of t&o t i a« , tat par t of t&e t i a e t&ey eaasot to t raa ted . 4, loa believe tliat otk»y people aaamot to# traated w y
1 * ©ftoa. e . Ion do t o t I t U t v i t i n t o t to r people eaa oaor to
traated i » i to etoat you or to Iv t t k t t o i r proaiaeii«
16. F lex ib i l i ty ( I t i t eaay for you to ftliaa*e year aiad or *isr» etabtoraf}
a . loa a r t alaaya wi l l i s f to eliaa#* yoar mind aiioa ot&ere eto* yea * aeed f o r i t .
I , To* o f t o i l i b* for otber people to eacfoat ' t&iagra to .tot you do so t «i»d « ] s a | l a i your p i i s t or atos$"" 1st y°ttr a lnd. -
e . I n eaa aaka ap year miad atoat thing*, twit yaa eea-t i l t r tbe rigfete and ideae of ottor# to to ' i^jrtrtost eaoagb to e&aafe a&mmttwmm.
d. Tou to sot l i t o f o r other people to t r y to *ot yea to etoafe year alad; yo« to so t change i t vary o f t e s .
• • Wbaa year aiad i« aade «p» aobody eaa atosf* i t#
11. Sportaaanship t a . loa are alaaya a good eport a toa t tfeista t t o t happen. I . loa a r t of toa a food aport atoa yoa tkiak tk i s f* h i to
toaa f a i r or t t o o titer peraea tea bad a good eitanoa . air# «m.
If Wmmkm-a . toa are willing to wis par t of t t o t isof yoa knoa
t t o t o t tor* alao lava t t o r i^h t to t t o i r etoaee of wlaains part of t t o t i a e .
d. loa to so t l i t e to loaoi i t liar its year feel laga ere* ' i f yea kaow tlsat tldLaca aara t u l t a f a i r . .
a . Xoa do sot a*ar 11 ka to loaa; yoa tbialc t t o t yoa atoald alvays wis aad tka t etfeara yea loao. '
If!
It. k m you lite otter boys or firls ia your ago group? t. If tlttt way you fool is difforost froa otter pooplo,
7«« soo aot «fn!4 to say so. I. Tou «»mUbm fool iifforoatly froa otter pooplo
lilt don't want them to teov if. •• 0. Tou telioro m i M i Just li.te tte otter aoafeors «f
your group and think your ways aro lite tkM* of tte otlwff •
1, t m would oftsa ratter do soaotiag but aro . tfftlA of losing' frlotdi if you show you fsol iif-
foroatly. 0. If your group tes doeidod »mm%U&mg you do sot llkif
you aowor spook up w lot tte® tasow that jrov do mot life* it*
13, Solf-UBdorstandiagt •. To* M U v t that pooplo lite tte way you ««i, tte way
you aro. 1, tea oaa toll sonotiatos wtea you havo dleploasod pooplo. o. torn oaa ton, aonotinos whon do aot liki what
you aro doiag; yoti oaa usually ohaago your ways of ' behaving if it ta for tte good of tte group. Tou soaotia*s #o thiBfi that yum fool tliat you havo a to do' aai you A# sot law wtetter otter pooplo Ute it or Mt.
o. Fooplo soaotiaos dislite or diaapproTo of you or tte tMap you do without having any roasoa for it at HI,
14* So lorn lite both boys and girls? «• fou lite to be ia croups wits boy* aad |ifU la botli
work and play situations, Tou Site to %* vitli both Iqii and girls aoro than aoat of tte pupils do.
o. It does aot aalco too sueh difforoaoo wtetter you ars $&m group vitli both loys and girls. -
d. tou would rather bo ia groups of your ova sox »ost of tte tiao.
o. tou do aot lite to bo in sitter wrk or play groups * with the oppoaito e«x. -
15. Aro you dopoadablo? -a. lou oaa always bo dopo&dod upon to do your part or sters, b. Tou lite to do your sters aoro thaa aay of tte boys '
or girls. o. Tou do your ehoroa aad tote ear# of your Jots at homo
and at school a» aast as otter boys aad girls of your •go. ' •
d, Tou oftoa forgot to do your sharoj you aro alaoot M-dopoadablo as aaay of tte boya aad girls of your groups,
o. You to aot lite to tews to do tklag* or to bo rospoat* sill*.
/ 192
Bo yom wadorstaad othar jm»ople? a, Yen always wadorstaad how other paoplo fool aad that
thoy haw ofwal ri^tf to you. I. lew *aow what otkir poopla aaad m i tor thoy fssl
milt «f til# tlM, «. Tow wadorstaad how ©thor pooplo fool as wall as
other fcoya aad firla of your ago. «. tfJfea* paopla MMiiaN iiiUli ttU|« o* ara sahappy
ahowt ikiip whea yow mmmt why, a. It it hard foir you i w to wadorstaad tew ©thor
pooplo M t aad fool.
If, Do you liko |M»««lf aa yow m l a. Tow iw vary ploasod with tha leiad of parsea yow
are graving into. h. Tow tUal yow ara a also poraoa hut would liko to
is rowo is eoaa way#, although you ara A i m thaa raany people. , ,
«. You fQMiHt r m m l f aw nice 's parson aw tha other hoys and fiirlw of your ago.
«. I* ««ay way* yow wowld liho to ho i i » M i if yaw halt a chance.
a. Tow are wwiy diaaatiafiod with yowvsalf as a porsoa aad would ii&a to ho different in almost ovary way.
IS, Popularity! a. Tow toliowo that y0ft have aaay frinli and tt« people
that itaow yow like yowr vary m l . %• Tow think yow have more friends thaa aaay other hoys •
aad girls of yowr ago. a. Tow thiak you tn aw woll liked hy yowr frieads or
have aw aaay friaada as «oat hoys aad girls of your growp.
d. Tow «o aot have aa aaay friaada aad aro aot ww woll likod as aaay of tha kff aad firli of yomr ago growp•
o. Tow do not thiak that yow have aay friaada that aare aaythiag afcowt yow.
If. ire yow aa iaportaat group aeaber? a. low helleve that yow ara oaa of tha aost iaportaat
aaahora of tho group aad that you holy tha group a lot, *. holiowo that yew holy tha group to sweoood aad
got thiags doae aore thaa aay of the hoys wad girls. ia yowr growps. low helieve that yow aro ahowt as important a growp vovbor as aoat of tha hoys m girls ia which yow work,
d. Tow do aot fool that yow warn «o woll saowgh to holp tho group vory aueh, that yow aro loss iaportaat thaa mot of thow.
w
• • toa f»l that you r*ftlly 4e not Ittloaf to *»y gram# and tkat you do sot h»lp th# f»»apa to get aaytMa* dona.
20* ir» yon & « « T t M i U paraoa?, *. Yon think that y©* eaa »i»aya do very **3.1 ia feoaa
lift* ia mmhool lit*, «a* ia M U H frlaada. ¥. Torn aaaatty aajoy tka tkia*« 3m- do and do wall at
t llOffi * •• *«a tfciak that yoa at* «• **ppy ia jreir Jwaa a»A
school situations *• the other boy# sad firla. d. 1«« do not think that YEA a** MI worthwhile or I H M
a parson ia yoa* «&*t aai play aad friendships as ao»t hoys m flrls,
a. Yea tkiaic yaa aot a&oaat to smoh mm a petmmm, that yaa aya aot m y *a*%|wfella*
m
Btmmti wmtwkticm wm sw-kwsnim mmm® iPMpl* who a** wjr worthwhllo, who hava vktt i« oall»4
aalf-eoufidane® and ara alao Mlf^Uklaf. tk«7 lite thaaaalvas aa parson* and fcaliava that they *9# worth aoaathluj; to their ptmti, to tha people thsay tau»f at sohool, m l to tkalr frianta. Oa tMa eheet w« would Ilk* for yoa to Boaiaato flf» jMNSpl* lm your el ass who® you think aaoapt themselves or who a*# aalf-likiag, (Faopl* who respect thaa-M l m . ) V* are now goimg to road the description or wora
of a ptipil who It or aelf-aaaaptl**#,
A M M - M M N A M PERSON:
1. faala iktl other# Ilk* kit.
2. ia pappy* Hwaly, haa cheerfulnaaa and energy.
3. Hli«rifl la hiaaalf, thinks fee 1* t worthwhile paraoa.
4* ItkM tfca reapoaaihility or fcla»a for i» doaa.
5. UIIM the ¥la»e when he has dona aoaethin& wrong-.
6. aeaas to he happy and fMli happy.
7. doaa aot flw up whenever ha falls to 4# aomatfcimg |ust
right.
S# 1* itlf-wifliditj M I i t h ha aan to iki thince be trios,
f * haa a 400* opinion of UiattXf without teiif aaarty or oon-
M i t H .
30. U I U M now things «hi«k ha la doing wltk ifetamst, enthu-al«a»I aaaai&r to HIT* ioiiif tfca tki»i* ha Im«,
So* aaae fiw persona 1» this rooa who» yon think «ra * really aelf-likinr paraoaa or who think highly of thastsalwea.
1- 3.
3. 4, _
3.
199
KOltlMATIiHiS OH CRITERIA 0? SlLT-ACGSmKCS
Name of 3tadant
ft tlX fXACHOBSt This parson £« oxni of tte atu4oat* fro» j t w alaaa who,, ia your opinion, will r*t« among t&« blghast m tha tollovlnf «*lt#i*ia» Chock as many of tliasa atata»»nta aa you MBfliter will apply.
1 a l 4 5 6 f S * 10 11
Mi i* 9*l£~g®*wmi»g9 a#lf-ttra*tia#, - 8ft w l i w ©& lntwraallftAft raluaa.
_ « • Is mot dapeadant cm othara* ... Bo lias the oapaolty to #op# witfc M a lift prefelaa*. *• a«««pt« loth priltt ami «rltl*l®» ©%|#ril*»ly. ' Ho doaa aot appear conoaitad. Pi 1« not dlaeouragad wkaa wliiiiul,
....'.,,, „Mi •••apt* full fMp«tt«ilillt]r fey M s ova aata. *»•* aoi try to plaaa fclaa* o» otkara. doas not try to flad axauaast toy his aotloaa. aaaapta Mil owa fMllifi, limitation* v i U n t
distortion. •••as to saa Uistlf raalistiaally. doaa not axpaat ©tfcgra to rajaot Ua.
Jk fcall*T«a ttet othora Uki iia. axpaota tfcat otter* will chooaa MM for tha mm%
troop aatlrlty. » t ««*#14«r Mmsmlt «« dlffarant f m otter*,
ooaaidara Maaalf as a parson «f wmtk, .»• #©•• aot fcarata kiaaalf aor i«t tia««ly apologetlo for M a tftloM,
1» » t « m l y aliy or aalf-ooaaeiom*, la outgoing or orlantad toward otter* In kit poor
fronp.
faaafaari Hooa;
i n
mmmmmm m mim&u OF
»•»« of Stm3«nt '
ft fli fMMWSftt This p«r»«B is one sf the etudents frsa your •IMV vfce, Sft ysmr epiiion, will rats sasa# iM» U«««t ia **• eeptanoe on tfce lull of tke following oriieri* of rejection. OMMIC •# aany of tbsss ss jroa eoneider will *99X7.
£• 8» AO** aot fesvs tke u y i * ^ for *slfHtir*«ti©*i. 2. ..Mi> depends ape* ties direetlonof otksrs. 3. 8* laefce the eapaelty to eope with hi» Uf« ;r»U«ai. 4* .. . . Ms is tflw Qvers&as l*y lit pwliiac, 5. Be eannot aesept prsiss •* s*Itisis» ofcjeetiTely. 6. . , Ha rsaets eiaotionally to $**£$* ©r «riti*i<a. ?• Is asy loss control wken praised or sritleised. 0. Is doss not aesept responsibility for M s own aets. 9. Is t»£ss t© plaee t&e Mmmm satsits of Massif, 1@» Ms U m t elreusetaneea f«r aistakss ft* aalces. 11. ... Ms ssaaot aseept M s feelings er liaitatloas is their
own true lig-ht. 12, Ms distorts sirsaastsasss fcsssass he eannot fsss
1|« Is vsal* svmlaats Massif WHliiUttlly. 14, Mi sssas to sapsst otkare to tsjsst Mm. 15. Ms doss not feel that others If Is lis. 16» .. ..Ms does aot expast to fes ehoaen by othere. 17. He feels tfest Its is different froa other®. !<• .. .'. .Ms seasidsrs Massif ss tmworthy, inoapalsle. If. . .Is sfidsasss withdrawing behavior because sf M s
inadequacies. 20. 8s is sffrsssivs toward others fceeause of M s fssllaf*
Of lafSSlCKTity.
Teaoher: . Kssat _
J
m
CLASSIFICATION OR t m i z o i ISOBIZIIS IX CLASSROOM MIII8KSKIT
! Dseignet* eny ptipil# w&o fall «&4#r th« f«l* lowing mtrngovlmt (1) t»#h*irio* problems Mi/or ft) pYOlrlttNl f*0* * Standpoint «f ttl*0er©O®
X. ACQHKSSITE BEHAVIOR!
1« OMumtlls*** te**r4 ••eryoae s
2« fovmr4 tynifit ift«ivl6ual«*
3. fowmv& a (Suite:
it, v v s m m M t m SEBATIOEJ
1« Z» aott •* *X1 iita*UMUii
2* 2m ap»elfl#
I. la p»«r groups:
4. fv&n adult mmmtmtion:
III. BIS UTERES 7X& t to 1uwt a© »«son?0*» «r ptt**p©««-fwl int»r«sts. 1
im
Vf* IimklVBMt Seem® -I® %• 4«p*ad«Bt ©a *«ult«.
?• w m ^ l Pool? group
• I . DISLIKES OflHSSi Doo# I*ot r«»pond to of oth»ra to tmelua# Ms*
BIBLI0QBAPHX
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•\ \ v')
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* h * r i £ * | M * i * * f jSM. f J W t M . l o t t n r t M i Paye&olorU*! A»eoei»ticm, OklnJiona f i t y * GklaiioiBa, 1954.
f i l w i
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