600-1450 AD

Rise of EuropeMedieval/Dark Ages

Results of the fall of Rome

Invaders overrun the old empire: (Mongols, Huns, Franks, Goths, etc.)

InflationPeople turn to the Church and local lords (nobles) for protection.

The development of Feudalism.

Why is it called the dark ages?

Trade is disrupted and money is scarce due to invasions so businesses and economic centers collapse.

Downfall of cities as administration centers.Rural populations grow as cities are

abandoned.Decline of learning since Germanic invaders

cannot read or write.Loss of common language (Latin).Government is not so much written law but

tradition.

Feudalism

Definition: The system of political organization prevailing in Europe (9th-15th century). Based on the idea of lords granting parcels of land known as fiefs to lesser knights who are known as vassals, who in turn, provide military service to the lord

Simply: land and service in exchange for protection

This system was brought upon due to the fact that Rome leaving left a lack of stability.

People wanted protection against invaders.

This of course means Knights!!!

Manorialism

Definition: smallest economic social unit revolving around an estate, controlled by a lord, who gives land and protection to his serfs, who in turn give him their services.

Manors were self sufficient since serfs raised and produced nearly everything needed in the community.

Open field system allowed for several families to work on same parcel of land.

They were useful since trade was dangerous with the invaders.

They were modeled after Roman villas that had operated similarly.

DrawbackSerf life was horrible.Not allowed to marry with put permission

form lord.Could not leave the manorStarved oftenHad many kids to have more workers.Average age of death was in the 30’sSlept with animals in house to keep warmVery close to being considered slaves

(could not be bought or sold)

The Church in the Middle Ages

Growth toward power

Rome used to be unified under one empire. When it collapsed their was a need to stability

The church filled this void.Kings had manors and rural territories all

over Europe.However, they were all Catholic and

therefore all answered to the Pope in Rome.In Western Europe Christian=Catholic and no other choices existed

Missionaries spread the faith People are unified by the common shared

belief of Christianity.The middle ages are often referred to as

“The Age of Faith”The church creates a system of justice

(Canon Law) to regulate peoples conductThey also appoint Charlemagne as

Emperor

Charlemagne 742- 814 Tall for his day 6Ft 4 in. Was king of a group that were known as the

Franks They would eventually become modern day

Frenchman He was a devout Catholic and close to the

church in Rome He fought the muslim Moors in the south to

keep them out of Europe He fought the Saxons in the north to keep

them out as well

1616

The Pope in Rome Leo III was threatened by the Roman emperor. They tried to cut out his eyes and tongue.

He escaped and went to France to get Charlemagne’s help.

Charlemagne went with an army to Italy and was crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

This set up the connection between the Catholic church and the Kings of Europe

1717

1818

1919

Church at the Local Level

The church was the center of the community.

Basically all hospitals are run by the church.

all festival and social gatherings were centered around the church.

Average life was so bad that Heaven was a sought after release.

2020

The Great Schism 1054 AD

This is what divides Eastern and Western churches in to Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

You also have 2 popes claiming authority.One pope is in Avignon France and the

other is in Rome. Both Excommunicate (banish from church) the other.

You also have John Wycliff and Jan Huss Challenge the Pope’s authority.

Wycliff: God is sole authorityHuss: Bible higher authority than PopeThomas Aquinas: (1225-1274) “Truth is

reason and faith”

This will eventually lead to the big challenge to the Pope during the Reformation (this is a later chapter )

High Middle AgesHigh Middle Ages1050 - 14501050 - 1450

EnglandEngland

Was ruled by Angles, Saxons, and Was ruled by Angles, Saxons, and Vikings.Vikings.

Duke William of Normandy Duke William of Normandy (North (North France) Who was a Viking wanted the France) Who was a Viking wanted the throne.throne.

Became known as Became known as William the William the ConquerorConqueror

William and EnglandWilliam and England

Had a census Had a census called “Doomsday called “Doomsday Book” that Book” that documented all documented all castles, living castles, living areas, and areas, and population.population.

Set up great tax Set up great tax collecting system collecting system and treasury.and treasury.

Henry II / EnglandHenry II / England

Set up common law system to Set up common law system to challenge Feudal Religious Courts.challenge Feudal Religious Courts.

Had conflict with Church about Had conflict with Church about church power vs. Royal power.church power vs. Royal power.

John / EnglandJohn / England

Henry II’s sonHenry II’s son Raised taxes, lost French lands in Raised taxes, lost French lands in

Normandy (France) Normandy (France) Had to pay yearly fee to Rome to Had to pay yearly fee to Rome to

avoid interdict and avoid interdict and excommunication.excommunication.

Forced by Angered Nobles to sign Forced by Angered Nobles to sign Magna Carta.Magna Carta.

Magna Carta 1215Magna Carta 1215

Affirmed rights of nobles, Church, and Affirmed rights of nobles, Church, and townspeopletownspeople

““Due Process of Law” (All are protected and Due Process of Law” (All are protected and treated fairly by law)treated fairly by law)

No One above the LawNo One above the Law No raising taxes without consoling lords and No raising taxes without consoling lords and

clergy, later became Parliament.clergy, later became Parliament. Overtime noble rights became everyone’s Overtime noble rights became everyone’s

rightsrights Monarch and Nobility must obey lawMonarch and Nobility must obey law Later Parliament had to approve funds for warLater Parliament had to approve funds for war

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Joao_sem_terra_assina_carta_Magna.jpg

FranceFrance

Started with weak king but slowly Started with weak king but slowly increased power and expanded landincreased power and expanded land

King Louis IX was very generous, King Louis IX was very generous, religious, kind, & well liked. After his religious, kind, & well liked. After his death he was made a saint.death he was made a saint.

Philip IV disagreed with pope and Philip IV disagreed with pope and sent people after him. Pope died sent people after him. Pope died from injuries. New pope was French from injuries. New pope was French and moved head of church to Franceand moved head of church to France

Roman Empire & ChurchRoman Empire & Church

Roman Emperors & Popes fought for Roman Emperors & Popes fought for power constantlypower constantly

Emperor used to appoint Bishops and Emperor used to appoint Bishops and clergy. Later Popes got that right.clergy. Later Popes got that right.

Pope claimed supremacy of all Pope claimed supremacy of all religious affairs. Said he was religious affairs. Said he was “Between God and Man and could “Between God and Man and could judge all and be judged by no one”judge all and be judged by no one”

CrusadesCrusades

To take back holy land, Jerusalem, To take back holy land, Jerusalem, from Muslim control.from Muslim control.

4 crusades all together.4 crusades all together. First Crusade achieved holy land but First Crusade achieved holy land but

soon lost it to Muslim ruler Salah al-soon lost it to Muslim ruler Salah al-Din (Saladin) but he allowed Din (Saladin) but he allowed Christian Pilgrims to holy land.Christian Pilgrims to holy land.

All other Crusades failed and they All other Crusades failed and they ended up just looting and fighting ended up just looting and fighting each other.each other.

Children’s Crusade 1212Children’s Crusade 1212

1000s of kids and teens decided that 1000s of kids and teens decided that they could march to Jerusalem with they could march to Jerusalem with the power of God. They believed that the power of God. They believed that they were less sinful than the men they were less sinful than the men fighting so God would give them fighting so God would give them power.power.

They made it to Italy but ½ died and They made it to Italy but ½ died and others were forced into slavery.others were forced into slavery.

EffectsEffects

Increased trade of spices and Increased trade of spices and explorationexploration

Weakened Royal and Papal power.Weakened Royal and Papal power. Eastern world was realized and it Eastern world was realized and it

inspired explorers like Marco Polo.inspired explorers like Marco Polo.

Crisis: Black DeathCrisis: Black Death

Bubonic Plague / Black Death: Bubonic Plague / Black Death: Killed Killed 1/31/3 of Europe!of Europe!

Society and economy hurt by plague.Society and economy hurt by plague. Monarial system starts to fall apart Monarial system starts to fall apart

as peasants leave and revolt.as peasants leave and revolt. Catholic Church began to split in Catholic Church began to split in

ideology and lose power since prayer ideology and lose power since prayer did not stop plague.did not stop plague.

100 Years War100 Years War

England & France fought over England & France fought over NormandyNormandy

English were winning in beginningEnglish were winning in beginning Joan of Arc Joan of Arc inspired French troops. inspired French troops.

She led fight but was caught by She led fight but was caught by English and burned at stake for English and burned at stake for witchcraft. Later made a saintwitchcraft. Later made a saint

Cannons were beginning to be used Cannons were beginning to be used and made armored knights and and made armored knights and castles obsolete.castles obsolete.

France won the warFrance won the war

100 yr war continued100 yr war continued

Monarchs become national leaders in Monarchs become national leaders in England and FranceEngland and France

England has unrest after war. They England has unrest after war. They have the have the War of the Roses: War of the Roses: 2 Families 2 Families fought for control of England. In the fought for control of England. In the end the Tudor (Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, end the Tudor (Henry VIII, Elizabeth I, etc.) takes overetc.) takes over

YorkYork -Lancaster-Lancaster

100 Yr War Continued:100 Yr War Continued:

King Edward III King Edward III wanted to raise taxes wanted to raise taxes to pay for the W. of the R.to pay for the W. of the R.

This led Parliament gains power This led Parliament gains power since it controls the money that the since it controls the money that the king wants.king wants.

Muslim InvasionMuslim Invasion

Moors:Moors: occupy Spain for over 700 occupy Spain for over 700 years. It promotes an age of science years. It promotes an age of science and art.and art.

They create the state of al-Andalus.They create the state of al-Andalus. In 732 the In 732 the Franks at Tours Franks at Tours stop the stop the

advancement into the rest of Europe.advancement into the rest of Europe. By 1100 the Cordoba region had a By 1100 the Cordoba region had a

mix of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish mix of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish people. Pop: 500,000.people. Pop: 500,000.

Cont: Cont:

ReconquistaReconquista drives out Muslims in drives out Muslims in late 1400’slate 1400’s

Eastern Europe is still controlled from Eastern Europe is still controlled from 600-900 AD 600-900 AD

Spanish inquisition tortures Jews, Spanish inquisition tortures Jews, Muslims, and other Non-Christian Muslims, and other Non-Christian groups.groups.