6 Safety Aspects

8/10/2019 6 Safety Aspects

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Safety Aspects

Accidents can be defined as any occurrencewhich results in or interferes with the orderlyprogress of activity

Millions of industrial accidents occur every yearin the world.

Accidents may cause injury/deaths of peoplethousands in number every year.

Study shows that 98% of these accidents canavoided.

Only 2% can not be pre assessed.


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The cost of accidents can not be expressed in

term of money only.

It also affects the individual and his family. It has very big social impact also.

After the accident the mental attitude of the

person also changes.


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Losses Due To Accident

Direct losses

Indirect losses

Direct Losses:These are losses to the employer ,which he

pays to the worker as compensation.

Employer also pays for medical expensesincurred on the worker.

These losses are measured in terms of money.


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Indirect losses:

Loss of time of injured person.

Loss of time of his fellow worker.

Loss of time of supervisors:In assisting the injured worker.

In investigating the cause of accident.

In preparing the report of accident.

In making alternative arrangement.

In selecting and training the new worker.


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Loss due damage caused to the machine.

Loss of production.

Loss due reduction in efficiency of the worker. Loss due to reduction in efficiency of the other

workers due to fall in their morale.


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Losses to the injured worker

loss of his income source.

Loss due to medical expenditure.

Pain felt by the worker ,which can not becompensated.


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Un safe Acts:

It is violation of commonly accepted safe

procedures. Working at unsafe speeds.

Loading M/C beyond its Capacity.

Not using Safety Devices.

Adopting unsafe procedure.


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Electrical Causes:

Do not providing proper protecting devices.

Not obeying proper instructions.Not following Safety precaution.

Failure to use insulated tools and rubber

gloves.Not using proper and insulated tools.


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Exposure to harmful substances:

like toxic gases, fumes, dust, vapor , mist andaerosols.

Fatigue: Some causes are:Repetition of the same work again and again.

Velocity of wheels.

Whirling of hammers.High speed at which m/cs and tools are moving.

Different types of vibrations and sounds.


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Working Condition

Working Condition Means:

Illumination.

Humidity.Air ventilation.

Temperature Control.

If you are working in a good working conditionyour efficiency will increases.


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Bad working conditions decreases theefficiency.

This may leads to:

Physiological Fatigue.

Mental Fatigue . ie. feeling of boredom.

Decreased Efficiency.

Less production.

Increase in cost of the product.


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Mental Environment

A worker working in an atmosphere of badly

ventilated and hot condition and fatigue . He

will not taking interest in the work. His

efficiency will decrease.

A good working condition will be helpful in

increasing the efficiency of the worker . He

will be ready to perform his duties.


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Illumination

Poor illumination reduces the speed of workand results in strain on eyes and causes moreaccidents.

Light should come from the right and desireddirection.

In artificial lights glare is most common defect,

it causes harms to eyes, it also causes strainand headache . Spoilage of work also increasedue to glare.


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Hours Of Work

The working hours should be uniformly

distributed over the week.

A worker should get at least one weekly

holiday, so that he can return on work with

fresh mind .

Five minutes break during every one hour ofworking will keep the worker fresh.


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Noise And Vibrations

In studies it has been found that too much soundand vibrations are one of causes of mental fatigueand reduces the efficiency of the worker.

Noise can not be completely stopped for arunning m/c but it can be reduced to a levelwhich is not harmful . This can be achieved byenclosing the source of noise . Too much noisecan also affects the hearing intensity of the

worker. Noise and vibrations can be kept under control by

proper and periodical maintenance of the m/c.


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Plant Layout/Shop Layout

By proper plant/shop layouts the nos of

accidents can be reduced to some extent.

Movement of the products becomes easy.

In the well planned layout shops/plants the

working efficiency is always found to be

better.

The layout should be such that the material

handling becomes easy and safe.


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A well design concern must look pleasing.

It should be kept neat and clean.

Doors and windows should be properlycolored.

Walls should be white washed.

Atmosphere should look cheerful. In such concerns the efficiency will increase.


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Preventive Measures.

Safety:

By providing proper safeguards to the m/cs,accidents can be prevented , some guards are

permanent fabricated and some are attachedtemporarily.

Fencing:

M/cs and its parts should be fenced whenthey are not properly provided withsafeguards.


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All boilers and other pressure vessels must bekept in proper condition .Their safety pressurevalves, water gauges, pressure gauges should

be checked regularly. Hoists, Cranes and lifts must of sound

construction. They must be tested periodically

Physical Condition: sufficient illumination andventilation. Floors should be free fromoiliness. Floor should be kept clean.


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Special clothing for the protection of body ,

such as apron , goggles, gloves etc. Loose

clothing should be a cause of accident.

Repair work on a m/c s should not be done

when it is running.

All the tools should be kept at proper place.

Chips should be removed by hand.

Workers should be properly trained.


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Fire hazard:

The inflammable materials should be keptaway from general store at a proper distance

(minimum 20 meters). Fire extinguishers

should be properly maintained.


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Electric accidents :

Electrical insulation should be checkedregularly. Proper tools for testing and repairs

should be used. Power should be switched off

while repairing. Insulated tools should be

used.


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Safety Education And Training.

There should be proper facilities to impart

training in safety measures.

Safety Posters , Safety Films , Safety contests

and suggestions.

These may be helpful in creating awareness in

the workers.

The workers should take upmost care while

doing risky jobs.


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Plant Safety Programmes

For effectiveness of the safety program in a

plant , it is necessary to identify the causes of

accidents, study them and take effective steps

to stop them . The following areas should becovered:

Plant Layout.

House keeping.


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Maintenance of Equipments.

Protective equipment requirement. Separate Safety department with proper

communication system.

Fire fighting facilities.


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Work area related factors

Machines should be installed at the place

where the operator has easy approach.

Sufficient space should be left around the

revolving m/cs.

Switching panel should be within reach of the

operator.

Area should be neat and clean. Oiliness should

not be there.


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Working Environment factors

It is the single biggest factor affecting safety

aspect.

It varies from organization to organization.

Depends upon type of industry.

It is very difficult to provide ideal environment

but effort should be made in this direction.

The ideal environment conditions are:


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Ideal Environment Conditions

Temperature: In winter 20-22 oC

In summer 21-24 oC

Humidity: 25-50 % relative Humidity.

Noise: Conversation from a distance

of one meter should be easily

possible without extra efforts.

Ventilation: 0.6 cubic meter of fresh air per

man or proper exhaust.


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Lifting of load

Instead of mechanical equipments availability

still many material handing works are being

carried out manually.

A man can easily lift about of 22kg of load.

A woman can easily lift about 16 kg of load.

To avoid injury to workers (specially old

workers) care should be taken in this regard.

The material should be kept at certain height.


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Chemical Safety

Many of process & manufacturing Industriesare using the various chemicals in one or theother forms.

These chemicals are hazardous mainly fortheir toxicity, flash point below 100 oF., theirreactions and their decomposition under heat.

A Safe practice should be adopted for receipts, storage, handing and disposal of thesechemicals and other hazardous material.


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The use of Exhaust hoods , Air filtering , Airmonitoring may help in this cause.

Safety equipments may help the workers from

these hazardous materials and environmentalaccidents.

These equipments are: Hard Hates for

construction workers, safety goggles forfactory workers, shields for welders, safetyshoes, protective clothing's for repairs


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Safety precautions for operators

The following safety precautions should be

strictly followed by the equipment operators:

Always remain alert.

In proper physical and mental condition.

Always wear right clothing for the job.

Wear safety glasses , gloves ,footwear , hardhats etc.


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Do not wear ties , rings or watches which canbe attracted by moving objects.

Keep your hands away from moving parts

(fans , v-belts & drive shafts). Give warning to your nearby people that you

are about to start up your equipment.

Must follow the maintenance precautionssuggested by the manufacturer and laid downin the operatorsmanual.


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Before operating make sure that you know theequipment signals flags , signs & marking andplace of first aid and any assistance in case of anyaccident.

Keep the inside of the cab tidy.

Keep wind screen, mirrors and lights clean.

Clean any grease, oil of hand rails , foot steps etc.

Never allow un qualified people to operate yourm/c.


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Always keep a safe speed as per working

conditions.

While towing another piece of equipment

never proceed at high speeds.

Follow traffic rules.

Never smoke when refueling and always stop

engine.


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Never use a naked flame to inspect a battery

or any leakage.

Always use proper tools.

The tools should be free from dirt, grease and

oil.

Tools should be properly maintained and

should not be dropped near working area.


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A sufficient safety clearance should be kept

from electrical aerial lines.

During any excavation work precise position

of buried cable should be determined first.

While not using buckets ,mold board ,boom

etc. is to be put on ground.

All the equipment should be well maintained

& kept in good working condition.


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Guards and covers be opened when the powertrains does not run.

Maintenance work must be done when

equipment is at rest. Cranes and other m/cs must not be over loaded.

Operator should be aware that what otherequipment is in operation in the nearby area.

Always park or place the equipment on the levelarea and away from traffic.


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While operating a crane avoid sudden lifting

or breaking.

Diesel or petrol engines operated equipments

must not be run in confined or poorly

ventilated areas.

Wire ropes should be daily checked for broken

strands and excessive wear.


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Always lower the load to the ground before

leaving the crane.

Avoid short cut methods.

Always employ a skilled/trained operator.

Use proper tools in proper way.


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Develop safety consciousness through regular

meetings , films , demonstrations etc.

Always keep first aid boxes with adequate

medicines and should be placed at well known

place.

Fire fighting equipments be always kept in

good and working condition.


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Guards and railing should be provided where

necessary.

Before working on hydraulic system , make

sure that hydraulic pressure is released.

Precautions taken always helps in preventing

the accidents.

Always follow the orders of your supervisor.

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Safety During Waiting (for Mobile

Equipment)

Park the m/c on a firm leveled surface.

Apply the breaks and gear.

Align the attachment with the centre line of

the machine. Keep all control levers at dead centre.

Shut down the engine.

Relieve the pressure in the hydraulic system. Lock the cabin door.


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Maintenance of wire rope

A good wire rope will be having following

qualities:

Resistance to breaking.

Resistance to abrasion.

Resistance to crushing.

Resistance to bending fatigue. Ropes are not suitable for operating where

shock are frequent.


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Reliability and long life of wire rope dependsto large extent on proper handling and carefulstorage.

When not in use the rope should be arrangedin coils or reels with proper application ofanti-corrosive coating.

The turns in the coil should be parallel and notcross each other , avoiding twisting or bendingof ropes.


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While cutting the rope , either side of theportion to be cut should be wound with wireto keep the strand intact and cutting be done

with the help of chisel and hammer afterplacing it on a rail or any other steal section.

While installing a new rope, the instrumentshould run without load for short time to

equalize the tension through out and tightenand fastened ends of the rope.


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Proper maintenance of wire rope leads to greaterlife.

The operator must take care of the following

factors:Sudden shocks.

Excessive load.

Rust.

Corrosion.

Friction free, by keeping it thoroughly lubricating.


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The wire rope be kept clean , as the sand ,dirt

etc. coming on its contacts causes heavy

abrasion.

Heavy lubricants should be used in summer ,

while lighter ones in the winter.

Sieves of the machine should regularly be

checked as worn and out of alignment sievesresult under wear on the rope.


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Safety Legislation

Various legislations are:

Indian Standard Institute (ISI).

The Factories Act 1948.

Indian Explosive Act 1884.

Mines Act 1934.

Indian Boilers Act 1923.

Workmens Compensation Act 1923.

Indian Electricity Act 1910.

Petroleum Act 1934.


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Indian Standards Institute

To assure safety to workers and eliminationof damage to machinery and equipments , ISIhas done commendable job. It lays down:

Safety precautions to be taken during working.

Requirement for effective maintenance oftools and equipments.

Guide lines on safe welding and cutting. Guide lines on use of powered industrial

trucks, belt conveyers and fire equipments.


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Standards and specifications of safe industrialoperations and practices.

Safety requirements for personal protective

equipments. Safety procedure to be followed in electrical

works and use of electrical appliances.

Specifications for protective clothing ,safetyhelmets , face shields , eyes & ear protectors,lungs , hands , feet and legs.


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Workmens compensation Act,1923.

It is an Act to provide the payment by certainclasses of organizations to their workmen ascompensation for injury by accident during

duty. Definition: Under this Act following are some

of the important definitions :

Dependent: A wife, a minor legitimate sonand unmarried legitimate daughters or awidowed mother (unemployed).


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Partial Disablement: This disablement is oftemporary nature and the earning capacity isreduced due to disablement is of permanentnature . List of injuries resulting in Partial/permanent disablement is given in the schedule Iprovided in the Act.

Total Disablement: Means such disablement of

permanent/temporary nature , which make theworker incapable of doing any work of the naturehe was doing at the time of accident.


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Wages: This includes any privilage or benefitwhich is capable of being estimated term of inmoney other than that a travelling allowance

or any other contributions paid as towardspension etc.

Workman: It means any person(other thancasual worker) who is employed as specified in

schedule II of Act earning Rs 1000/-or moreP.M.


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Employers liability for Compensation

If a personal injury is caused to a workmen byaccident when on duty, his employer shall beliable to pay compensation in accordance of thisAct except than in following cases:

If the injury make worker disable for less thanthree days.

In respect of any injury not resulting to death,caused by an accident which is directly attributed

to: (a) The worker was found under the influenceof any drink/drugs.

(b) worker not following the safety provisions.


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Amount Of Compensation: It will depend upon following factors:

The pay the concern worker.

Extent Of injury.

The Act divides the injuries in four headings:Causing Death,

Permanent total disablement,

Permanent partial disablement and

Temporary disablement.The Amount to be paid can be found with the help ofschedule IV of the Act.


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The Indian Factories Act 1948.

This act have defined the provision in thefollowing areas:

Health.

Safety . Welfare of workers and staff.

Working hours.

First aid. Fire extinguishers.


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1.Health

This covers the provisions of maintaining thehealth of the workers and reducing thepossibilities of accidents. Under this:

Cleanliness:

Every factory should be kept clean and free fromgases arising from various processes and drainetc. For this purpose the following steps areneeded:

The dust and refuse shall be removed daily bysweeping from the floors and benches ofworkrooms , staircases and passages.


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The floor of every workroom shall be cleaned at

least once in every week by washing , using

medicated fluids, where necessary.

Effective means of drainage shall be provided andmaintained.

All inside walls ,partitions , ceilings of rooms and

passages should be painted or whitewashed asper requirement and without fail as and when

needed at least once in 14 months.


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Ventilation Temperature

Effective and suitable provisions shall be made forsecuring and maintaining adequate ventilation bycirculation of fresh air in the working rooms.Fresh air fans and exhaust fans should be used.

The walls and roofs of the work place should bemade of such material and so designed that thetemperature shall be kept as low as practicable .

If possible white tiles may be provided on theroof and outside walls of the work place.

Hot parts of the m/c shall be properly insulated.

Artificial Humidification and


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Artificial Humidification and

overcrowding

If there is an artificial humidification done in the

work place , it shall be of prescribed standard

and created by the prescribed methods.

The water used for such humidification shall beclean and free from dirt and oil etc.

No room of work place should be overcrowded.

For this at least 350 cu.ft. or 9.9 cu.m. of spacefor every worker is must.( before the Act.) and

500 cu.ft. or 14.2 cu.m ( after the Act.)


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Lighting

Sufficient and suitable lighting whether

natural or artificial or both shall be maintained

at the work place and passages.

All glazed windows and skylight shall be keptclean on both inner and outer surfaces.

Glare and formation of shadows should be

prevented to avoid eye strain or risk ofaccident.


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Drinking Water and Bath Rooms

Drinking water should be made available to allworkers at all work places and at all workinghours.

All such points should be marked Fresh/coldDrinking Waterin an easy language.

Cool water arrangements should be made in hotweather.

If the work in the factory is of such nature whichinvolves dirt, a sufficient number of bath roomsshould be provided for the workers.


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Latrines and Urinals

Separate enclosed accommodation for male andfemale worker shall be provide.

These places should properly lighted and ventilated.

Should be kept clean and maintain good sanitaryconditions.

Minimum one latrine for 20 workers.

There should be one urinal for every 50 male workers.

Sufficient Spittoonsshall be provided at proper placesand they should be cleaned regularly.


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2. Safety provisions

Following important provisions for safety arethere in the Act:

(A ) Fencing of Machinery: Following items shall

be fenced properly.

(a) Every moving part of a prime-mover, and

every flywheelshould be properly fenced.

(b) Head Race and Tail Race of every Turbine.

(c )Every part of a Generator, motor, rotaryconvertor etc.

(d) Every part of transmission machinery.


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(B) Work on or near machinery in motion:

Work should be carried out by specially

trained adult male workers wearing tight

fitting cloths. No women or young person

allowed to clean , lubricate , or adjust any

part of prime-mover , when it is motion.

(C) Devices for cutting off power from running

m/c in emergency should be provided.


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(D) Casing Of Machinery:

In all the m/cs driven by power every set

screw, bolt, key on the revolving shaft,

spindle, wheel or pinion shall be so sunk,encased or otherwise effectively guarded as to

prevent danger.

Every toothed or friction gearing shall becompletely encased.


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(E) Hoists & Lifts:

Every Hoist and lifts shall be of good

mechanical construction and of adequate

strength.

These shall be marked with Maximum and

safe working load.

They shall be properly maintained and

examined regularly.


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Every hoist and lift way shall be sufficiently

protected by an enclosure fitted with gates.

Hoist and lifts used for carrying persons shall

have at least 2 ropes or chains separatelyconnected with the cage and balance weight.

Each rope or chain with its attachment shall

be capable of carrying the weight of the cagetogether with its maximum load.


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(F) Lifting m/cs ,chains , ropes and lifting tackles:

All parts including the working gears , lifting

machines , chains , ropes or lifting tackles shall

be of good construction and adequate strength.These shall be properly maintained and examined

at least once per year.

Lifting m/c means crane, crab, winch , pulleyblock etc.


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(G) Revolving machinery:

A notice shall be affixed to every grinder

indicating the maximum safe working

peripheral speed of every grind stone orabrasive wheel.

The speed of shaft or spindle upon which the

wheel is mounted.


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(H) Excessive Weights:

No person shall be employed in the factory to

lift, carry or move any load beyond limit set by

the Act.

Only Adult men or women shall be doing this

job.

No child shall be put on such jobs.


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(I) Protection Of Eyes:

The workers engaged in the job of weldingand cutting the metals with electric or gas

flameshall use screens and goggles. Felting, rivet cutting, removal of scales or

dressing of metals or stone are other workswhich can cause harm to the eyes.

Any chemical process which can harm theeyes.


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(J) Precaution Against dangerous fumes:

No person shall enter or be allowed to enter

any chamber, tank, pit, pipe, flue pipe or

other confined space in which dangerousfumes are likely to be present.

Portable electric lights above 24 watts shall

not be permitted to such confined space.


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Any person shall be allowed to enter in suchplace after the measures have been taken toremove the fumes.

A certificate of this respect should obtained fromcompetent person based on the test carried onhimself.

The worker should be wearing breathing

apparatusand a belt securely attached to a ropethe free end of which is held by a person standingoutside the confined space.


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(K) Precautions Against Fire: Every factory shall be provided with the means of

escape in case of fire.

Fire fighting team should be well trained. The team should be well equipped with the

proper equipments.

All the equipments should be kept in ready

condition.


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Exit doors shall not be locked during workinghours.

Every window, door, other exit affording

means of escape in case fire shall be markedin simple language.

Fire alarms shall be provided for fire warningand be kept in working order.

A free and safe passage shall be provided incase the fire can not be overcome.

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3.Welfare Provisions

Washing Facilities: Adequate and suitablefacilities for washing shall be provided separatelyfor male and female workers and maintain fortheir use.

Suitable place for keeping the clothing not wornduring working hours and for the drying shall beprovided.

Sitting Facilities: Suitable arrangement for sittingshall be made and maintained for all the workers,who works in standing position.


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First Aid Appliances: Proper First aid facilitiesshall be provided at proper place.

Canteen: A canteen or canteens shall be

provided in every factory where 250 or moreworkers are working.

Shelter, Rest rooms, Lunch Rooms: In everyfactory with more than 150 workers, adequate

and suitable above mentioned facilities shallbe provided with drinking water etc.


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Crches: In every factory employing morethan 30 female a crche shall be provided.

It should be used where the children below

the age of 6 years can be kept and taken care. Welfare Facilities: Welfare officer shall be

employed in every factory employing morethan 500 workers. The govt. may prescribe the

duties, the qualification and condition ofservice and number of such officer.

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4. Working Hours

(A) Hours Of Work:

No adult worker shall be required or allowed

to work in a factory for more than 48 hours in

a week.

Not more than 9 hours per day.

No worker shall work for more than 5 hours

without an interval of at least 30 minutes.


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The period of shall be so arranged that it shallnot spread over more than 10.5 hours in a day

inclusive of rest period.

Chief Inspector may increase this period for 12hour( for specified reasons in writing).

This time has to be compensated by paying

overtime amountas per norms.


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Holidays:

No adult worker shall be required or allowed to

work in a factory on Sunday, unless he has or will

have a holiday for a whole day on one the 3 daysimmediately before or after the Sunday.

It means no worker shall work for more than 10

days continuously without a holiday. All the national holidays will be an off day for

workers.


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Overtime Wages :

When a worker works for more than 9 hours

in a day or for more than 48 hours in a week ,

he/she shall be entitled to wages @ of twicehis /her ordinary wages for over time period.

Here ordinary wages means the basic wages

plus such allowances as the worker is entitledbut do not includes the Bonus.


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Restriction On Double Employment : No worker shall be allowed to work in any

other Factory.

Employment for Women: According to Act no female worker shall be

allowed to work in any factory beyond 6 A.M.to 7 P.M.

State Govt. mat change this limit but noemployment between 10 P.M. to 5 A.M.

5 Fi t Aid


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5. First Aid

Instead of various safety measure the accidentscan not be completely avoided . Hence necessaryFirst Aid provisions shall made in every factorynear work areas.

A first Aid Box must be provided in the charge ofsome responsible person, who must be alwaysavailable and he should a trained personpreferably a compounder.

The workers as human being, are entitled toevery consideration at the hands of themanagement.


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Content Of A First Aid box: In a factory of 50 or more workers.

24 small sterilized dressings.

12 medium size sterilized dressings.

12 large size sterilized dressings.

10 gms packets of sterilized cotton wool.

01 snake bite lancet.

01 pair of scissors. 12 large size burn dressing.


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Two 25 gms bottles of potassiumpermanganate crystals.

One 100 gms bottle of 2% alcoholic solution.

One 100 gms bottle of salvolative having the

dose and made of administration indicated on

the label.

One copy of First Aid leaflet.

12 rolled bandages 10 cm wide.


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12 rolled bandages 5 cm wide.

02 rolls of adhesive plaster.

06 triangular bandages.

02 packets of safety pins.

A supply of suitable splits.

One townquet. Eye drops.

First Aid Treatment For Electric Shock


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First Aid Treatment For Electric Shock

If the casualty is in contact with, or in closeproximity to the liveapparatus or line , DO

NOT TOUCH him until the electric supply has

been isolated. Switch off electric supply.

If not possible protect yourself with DRY

insulating material and pull or push thecasualty clear of the apparatus or line.


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Then asked for qualified medical assistance ,and in the mean time , give the casualty first

aid treatment as follows:

(a) Make the casualty as comfortable as

possible. By loosen any tight clothing.

Give tactful reassurances .

DO NOT give any liquid to drink.


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If the casualty has stopped breathing:

Mouth to mouth breathing must be started

immediately.

Clear the throat of fluid or any other item by

sweeping around the mouth with finger.

Place the head in the extended neck position.


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Close the nostrils by pinching lightly withthumb and fore finger.

Keep a deep breath and then make an air tight

seal with your mouth over the casualty mouthand breath into the casualty. Watch the chest

size.

Remove your mouth , and watch the chest fall.Repeat above 12 times.


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If mouth to mouth respiration is not possibleor practical , use Holger Nielsen Method.

Lay the casualty face downwards , head to one

side, forehead resting on the hands , placedone over the other.

Remove any artificial teeth or other matterfrom the mouth.

Kneel on one knee by the casualty's head, onefoot by the casualty's elbow.


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Place the palm of your hands on the casualtysshoulder blades .Lean forward until your arms arevertical. Press lightly with a force of about 10-14kg. for about 2.5 secs.

Release the pressure by allowing your hands toslide along the casualtysarm to his elbow , thenraise the casualtys arm and shoulders slightly,pulling at the same time by facing your selfbackward . Lower the casualtys arm and returnyour hands to casualtysshoulder blades.

Repeat this process 5 times.

6 Fire Extinguisher


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6. Fire Extinguisher

The following types of fire extinguishersshould be kept in working conditions:

Water type: (a) Water (gas cartridge type) and

(b) Water (stored pressure type) Foam Type: (a) Chemical Foam Type and

(b) Mechanical Foam type.

Carbon dioxide type.

Dry powder type.

Engineering Insurances


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Engineering Insurances

In order to cater the needs of engineeringindustries , different insurance covers areavailable.

These covers will take care of big damages tom/cs due to accidents.

Group insurance schemes for workers, staff andofficers should also be taken by the organizations.

Engineering Insurance covers may be machineryerection insurance or machinery breakdowninsurance.

Documents

6 Safety Aspects