Learn to Speak English

2003

Learn to Speak English

( 2)

: . .

. .

2003

802.0(076) 81.2 7 33

, . . ., .. - Learn to Speak English : - ( 2) /. . . , . . . : , 2003. 72 . , Multimedia Learn to speak English. , , . , , - . . 1 2 . .

802.0(076) 81.2 7

. . , . . , 2003 . , 2003

33

3

Lesson 16. APPLYING FOR A CREDIT CARD

I. NOTE One of the fundamental rites of passage for most young adults in the U.S. is

applying for and receiving their first credit card. Credit cards are issued by almost anyone bookstores, service stations, banks, department stores, record stores, etc.

The requirements for some credit cards are tougher than for others. Many people start off with a gasoline card, which is relatively to obtain. Two of the best known brands of credit or bank cards in the U.S. are Visa and MasterCard. Most of these cards carry a monthly service charge as well as annual interest in the 16-21% range. Cards like American Express are not actually credit cards, because you cannot defer payment on any part of your balance.

Having a credit card opens many doors in the U.S., but also entails considerable risk if used unwisely.

II. DIALOGUE Credit employee: Are you applying for a Millers charge? You: Yes, how long will it take for approval? Credit employee: Only a few weeks. Have you filled out the application form yet? You: Not entirely. Im not a U.S. citizen. My bank and previous charge accounts are all abroad. What should I do? Credit employee: I dont think therell be a problem. Just write down the name and number of your accounts at home. We'll let our credit office work on this. You: Is there a charge to use the card? Credit employee: Theres no charge for the card itself. You pay a small amount of interest on the remaining balance at the end of each month. You: Is there a limit on what I can charge? Credit employee: Well start you off with a $1200 maximum. If your credit history is good, and you need to increase your line, we can usually do it. You: Great. When can I start using it? Credit employee: We should have approval within ten days. Where shall we mail your card? You: To this address. Im having all my mail forwarded while Im out of town.

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to answer the questions in the way shown.

Example: Did Ann make that dress herself? No, ... she had it made...

1 Did you cut your hair yourself? No, I ... 2 Did they paint the house themselves? No, they ...

4

3 Did Jim cut down that tree himself? No, ... 4 Did Sue repair the car herself? No, ... 2. You are giving advice to a friend. Use should or shouldn't. Example: Your friend is always coughing because he smokes too much.

Advise him to stop smoking. ...You should stop smoking...

1 Your friend has a bad toothache. Advise him to go to the dentist. You ... 2 Your friend rides his bicycle at night without lights. You think this is dangerous. Advise him not to do it. ... 3 Your friend is going to visit Greece. Advise him to learn a few words of Greek before he goes. ...

IV. IDIOMS For a Song

(for very little money) Sara, I picked up the perfect chair for the living room the other day. Thats wonderful. I know youve been looking for some time. Where did you

finally come across what you wanted? I was really quite lucky. I got it for a song at a little furniture store. I was able

to buy it for very little money because the owners of the store were right in the middle of their spring liquidation sale.

Money Burns a Hole in Someones Pocket (someone spends as much money as possible; informal)

Sally cant seem to save anything. Money burns a hole in her pocket. If money burns a hole in your pocket, you never have any for emergencies.

Money Is No Object

(it does not matter how much something costs) Please show me your finest automobile. Money is no object. I want the finest earrings you have. Dont worry about how much it costs

because money is no object.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Credit cards

Where can I get a credit card? What annual fee do I have to pay to get the card? When do I pay the annual fee? What do I need to get a credit card?

5

What documents do I need prove my income? What credit line can I have? What credit cards are accepted here? Do you accept Master Card?

VI. VOCABULARY

account ( ) amount annual fee balance bank bank statement bank teller ( ) banking bill bill blank check bounced check , (-

) canceled check change, small change, silver check checking/savings account / code number of a bank branch countersignature deposit deposit account deposit slip hard (freely convertible) currency holder of a check identification card interest line of credit loan money money order non-banking hours personal identification number personal reference plastic card purchase reference

6

rate of exchange savings account, deposit account savings bank service charge ( ) service charge (fee) on a check

spending money, pocket money tax to bank by computer to be taxable to carry cash to cash a check to cash a check to draw money out of ones account to earn interest on money to exchange ones money for dollars to wire money to withdraw money from ones account withdrawal slip

Abbreviations

PIN = personal identification number

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES 1. Speak on the following situations: a) Explain to your friend who is from Russia how he could apply for a credit card

in the USA. b) You are a bank employee. You have to explain to your customer what s\he

needs to do to get a credit card and the difference between various credit cards. 1. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV to VI. 2. Say what you have learnt about credit cards in the USA. 3. Say if there is the same system of credit cards in Russia.

Lesson 17.

ASKING FOR DIRECTIONS I. NOTE

Despite the size of the U.S., it is easy to travel from state to state by taking the extensive interstate system. Interstate highways crisscross America from north to south and east to west. If youre driving from coast to coast, you should allow several weeks so you can see the sights along the way.

Travel agencies can help you plan the trip and make hotel or motel reservations for you. Some agencies, like the AAA, specialize in automobile travel. One of their

7

services is to plan a driving trip for you. They will put together an itinerary along with maps and recommendations about interesting sights you may want to see. Unlike travel agencies, AAA requires that you join their organization, so you can take advantage of such services as trip planning, insurance, etc.

Despite the high quality of interstate highways in the U.S. you should be careful not to drive too fast. Most highways are patrolled by police with radar.

II. DIALOGUE AAA Agent: Good morning. Can I help you? You: I m trying to figure out the best way to get to Washington, D.C. AAA Agent: Are you driving or flying? You: Im driving. My cars parked outside. AAA Agent: You have two options. The first is to take Interstate 85 north through Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia. You: Whats the other option? AAA Agent: You could also take I-75 north through Georgia into Tennessee. In Tennessee, you pick up I-81 which will take you through Virginia to Washington. You: Is there a difference in distance between the two? AAA Agent: I-85 is somewhat shorter, but its not as scenic, and theres usually a lot more traffic. You: How do I pick up I-85 in Atlanta? AAA Agent: Just head north on the freeway until you reach the I-285 beltway. Then follow the signs. You: By the way, do you have any information about the Washington, D.C. area? AAA Agent: Sure. Heres a packet of brochures. Do you need a hotel reservation? You: No thanks. Ive already made one.

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to make suggestions. Use could. Example: Where shall we go for our holidays? (Scotland)

...We could go to Scotland... 1 What shall we have for dinner tonight? (fish) ... 2 When shall we go and see Tom? (on Friday) ... 3 What shall I give Ann for her birthday? (a book) ...

2. Complete these sentences with must or have to (in its correct form).Sometimes it is possible to use either; sometimes only have to is possible.

Example: Well, its 10 oclock. I ...must (or have to)... go now.

8

Ann was feeling ill last night. She ...had to... leave the party early.

1 You really ... work harder if you want to pass that examination. 2 Many children in Britain ... wear uniform when they go to school. 3 Last night Don suddenly became ill. We ... call the doctor. 4 Ann has ... wear glasses since she was eight years old. 5 Im afraid I cant come tomorrow. I ... work late. 6 Im sorry I couldnt come yesterday. I ... work late. 7 Tom may ... go away next week. 8 We couldnt repair the car ourselves. We ... take it to a garage. 9 When you come to London again, you ... come and see us.

3. Now make questions with have to. Example: Tom had to go to the police station.

Why ...did he have to go to the police station?...

l Ann has to leave tomorrow. What time exactly ... 2 We had to answer a lot of questions in the examination. How many questions ... 3 George had to pay a parking fine. How much ... 4 I have to get up early tomorrow. Why ...

4. This time make negative sentences with have to. Example: Did they change trains?

No, it was a through train so ...they didnt have to change (trains)...

1 Did you pay to get into the concert? No, we had free tickets so we ... 2 Does Jack shave? No, hes got a beard so ... 3 Did you get up early this morning? No, its my day off so ... 4 Do you work? No, Im extremely rich so ...

IV. IDIOMS All Roads Lead to Rome

(there are many different routes to the same goal) Mary was criticizing the way that Jane was planting the flowers. John said,

Never mind, Mary, all roads lead to Rome. Some people learn by doing. Others have to be taught. In the long run, all

roads lead to Rome.

End of the Road End of the Line (the end; the end of the whole process; death)

9

When we reach the end of the road on this project, well get paid. Youve come to the end of the line. Ill not lend you another penny. When I reach the end of the road, I wish to be buried in a quiet place, near

some trees.

A Stones Throw Away (a short distance; informal)

John saw Mary across the street, just a stones throw away. Philadelphia is just a stones throw away from New York City.

All the Way

(from the beginning to the end) I walked all the way home. The ladder reaches all the way to the top of the house.

Get in Someones Way

(to interfere with someones movement or intentions) Tom is going to back out the car. Please, dont get in his way. I intend to run for Congress. You had better not get in my way.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

Asking the way Im a stranger here Im a foreigner Excuse me, can you tell me where ... is? Can you tell me the way to ... ? How can I get from here to ... ? Can you tell me how to get to ... ? Is it far from here? Is it too far to walk? How far is it from here? Can I walk there or must I take a bus or subway? What is the shortest way to ... ? What is the best way to get there? Can you show me how to get there on this map? Write down the address for me, please Im trying to locate this address I dont know the way to ... Ive lost my way Officer, I think Im lost Whats the name of this street? Am I going the right way for ... ? In what direction must I go?

10

Where is the crossing? Is there a city information center? Where is the city information center?

Is there a subway station (post office, coffee shop, McDonalds) near here? This way, sir. Its only a short way to the square. Its a long way from here. Which is the best way there? You are going in the opposite way (direction). I cant find my way in. Which is the way out? Are you going my way? Shall I see you part of the way? He lives over the way (on the other side of the road). It is an out-of-the-way place (corner). The taxi-driver brought us a long way round, not by the shortest way. Where does the road lead? You may go by either road. Youve mistaken the road. May I help you over the road? Are we on the right road? On turning the corner youll see that the road descends steeply. The road slopes to the sea by a gradual descent. The roads are slick (slippery) with wet mud. The motor-car skidded (slipped sidewise) on the wet road. Its a long distance off.

Its no distance at all. Its quite a distance from here. Oh, some distance. He lives within easy distance from his office. My house is within walking distance from the University.

VI. VOCABULARY

avenue beach block booth , busy , ( ) centre change , cinema circus

11

corner cross , () crossing estate fare find out , get on ( ) get off ( ) hostel lane left main , mean (meant, meant) noisy number pardon me pavement place ; , pleasure porter post post office right run (ran, run) , square stop ; store; department store ; taxi-rank trolley-bus turn underground zoo

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. Add a beginning (begin with: May I ask you, Be so kind as to, will you please, Would you please, Could I trouble you for):

(1) --- You may go by either road. (2)--- ---Not that way. The information booth is over there. (3)--- --- Its a long distance off. Youd better take a bus.

12

(4)--- ---Sure it is. We cant do better than take a taxi. (5)--- --- Certainly it is, but if you walk, youll have to give yourself half an hour to get there in time. (6)--- --- Its at the other end of the town. (7)--- ---Its a stones throw from here. 2. Complete the following sentences according to the given model:

If you want to get to the hostel quickly ( ) If you want to get to the hostel quickly, you cant do(any) better than take a taxi/ You should better take a taxi/ you had better take a taxi. (1) If you dont want to be lost(

). (2) If you want to ask the way ( ). (3) If you dont want to miss the house( ). (4) If you want to get to the caf (

). (5) If you want to reach the taxi-stand quickly(

). (6) If you want to get off at your destination(

). (7) If you want to get there in time ( ). 3. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV and V.

Lesson 18.

BUYING GAS I. NOTE

While it is still possible to find full-service gasoline stations in the U.S., they are being replaced increasingly by self service outlets where you pump your own gas. At some service stations, you have the option of pumping the gas yourself or having an attendant do it for you. Usually, the price per gallon of gas is considerably higher at a full service pump.

Most service stations accept credit cards for payment, including Visa and MasterCard. Be sure to ask about this before filling up your car.

Unleaded gasoline is now required for all cars manufactured in the U.S. There are various grades of octane levels of gas. You will usually find such names as Premium or Super (highest octane level) and Regular for the lower octane level.

13

II. DIALOGUE Service Station Attention: Regular or super unleaded? You: Regular, please. Could you also check the oil and the tires? (You read the instructions for Washington.) Service Station Attention: Your oil is down a bit. Shall I put in a quart? You: OK. Would you mind cleaning the windshield, too? Service Station Attention: Sure. Where are you headed? You: To Washington. Ive got to do some research there. I know nothing about the city. Service Station Attention: Its a great place lots of good restaurants, museums, and stores. How long will you be there? You: Im not sure yet. Probably several days. Service Station Attention: Have a safe trip! And dont miss the Smithsonian! (The instruction for Washington look complicated. And you still have to go to Chicago and the West coast! As you drive away, you wonder whether youll be able to collect your inheritance after all.)

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a sentence with the present perfect continuous (I have been doing). Example: Tom is out of breath. (he/run)

...He has been running... 1 Ann is very tired. (she/work/hard) ... 2 Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. (Bob and Bill/fight)... 3 George has just come back from the beach. He is very red. (he/lie/ in the sun) ... 4 Janet is hot and tired. (she/play/tennis) ...

2. This time you have to ask a question for each situation. Example: Your friends hands are covered in oil. (you/work/on the car?)

...Have you been working on the car? ...

1 You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery. (you/cry?) ... 2 You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (you/wait/long?) ... 3 Your friend comes in. His face and hands are very dirty. (what/you/do?) ...

3. This time you have to imagine that you are talking to a friend. Read the situation and ask a question beginning in the way shown.

Example: Your friend is learning Arabic.

14

How long ...have you been learning Arabic?...

1 Your friend is waiting for you. How long ... 2 Your friend writes books. How many books ... 3 Your friend writes books. How long ... 4 Your friend plays football for his country. How many times ... 4. In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence.

Example: The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other had a cut lip. (they/fight)

...They had been fighting... 1 Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired. (he/study/ hard all day) He ... 2 When I walked into the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. (somebody/smoke/in the room) Somebody ... 3 When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/lie/in the sun too long) ... 4 The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they/play/football) ... 5 Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didnt know where she was. (she/dream) ...

IV. IDIOMS Gas UP

(to fill up ones gasoline tank with gasoline; informal) I have to stop at the next service station and gas up. The next time you gas up, try some of the gasoline with alcohol in it.

Run out of Gas

(run out of energy; lose momentum; run out of petrol) We cant go any further. We are running out of gas. What a day! Weve been working since morning, and Im really running out of

gas. This electric clock runs out of gas. Ill have to get a new one.

Add Fuel to the Fire/ Flame (to make a problem worse)

To spank a crying child just adds fuel to the fire. Bill was shouting angrily, and Bob tries to get him to stop by laughing at him. Of course that was just adding fuel to the flame.

15

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Where is the nearest gas station? I want ... gallons of gas I need some oil Fill it, please Six gallons of regular, please Five dollars worth of regular, please Put some water in the radiator Please put some antifreeze in Wash the car, please Put air in the tires, please Change the tire, please Change the spark plugs, please I want the oil changed Id like the windshield cleaned Will you check the tires? I think the tires are low on air Check the oil, please Please check the battery Can you charge the battery? Whats the gas mileage? What kind of gas does it take?

VI. VOCABULARY amount of gas antifreeze attendant at the gas station automatic transmission back up battery dead battery drive a car economy car fender fill the gas tank yourself

() gas mileage gas station gas station gas, gasoline let the car pass overtake a car

16

overtake and pass a car regular gas (93-) release the hand brake rest area; parking areafreeway, expressway

self-serve island

set the hand brake super/ hi-test gas tank traffic police used car

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. Explain what kinds of gasoline stations exist in the USA. 2. Speak on the differences in services at the gas stations in the USA and in

Russia. 3. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections

Lesson 19. YOUR CAR BREAKS DOWN

I. NOTE Many Americans now have telephones in their cars. Increasingly, you will see

people driving while holding a telephone. Some are concerned that it is unwise to drive engage in a telephone conversation at the same time. Those who have car telephones defend their use by saying that they actually drive more slowly and cautiously, because they are not in such hurry to get to the office to return their phone calls.

Throughout the U.S., the number 911 has been recognized as an emergency telephone number. By dialing 911, you can report your whereabouts and a life-threatening situation. Fire, police, or medical personnel are then dispatched depending on the circumstances.

II. DIALOGUE You: I dont know whats wrong. Its a rental car. Maybe I should call the emergency number of the agency. Motorist: Can I give you a lift to the next exit? (You notice that he has a telephone in his car.) You: If you dont mind, I think Ill call the rental agency. Motorist: Not at all. Go right ahead.

17

(You dial the emergency number. The agent who answers tells you to have your car towed to the nearest garage. They will reimburse the garage for any parts and labor. You hang up.) You: Thanks. Can you drop me off at the Exxon station at the next exit? Motorist: No problem. Youre not from around here are you? You: No, Im not an American. Im visiting the U.S. for the first time. Ive been to Atlanta, Georgia, and now Im on my way to your nations capital. Motorist: You mean Washington? You: Thats right. Motorist: Ive never been there. Id like to go there one day. They say its a lovely

city. Hope the rest of your trip goes well!

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to make sentences with may or might. The first four sentences are present. Examples: Do you know if Jack is in his office?

...Im not sure. He may be in his office... Do you know if Ann likes ice-cream? ...Im not sure. She might like ice-cream...

1 Do you know if they are married? Im not sure. They ... 2 Do you know if she wants to go? Im not sure ... 3 Do you know if hes telling the truth? Im ... 4 Do you know if he has a car? I ... The next three sentences are past.

Examples: Do you know if he was serious? ...Im not sure. He might have been serious... Do you know if they were looking? ...Im not sure. They may have been looking...

5 Do you know if she was ill? Im not sure. She ... 6 Do you know if she told anybody? I ... 7 Do you know if they were listening? ... And now you have to use may not or might not.

Example: Is Jack in his office? ...Im not sure. He might not be in his office...

8 Does she want to go? ...

18

9 Is he telling the truth? ... 10 Are they ready? ...

2. In this exercise you have to talk about your (and other peoples)future plans. But you are not sure what is going to happen. Use may or might. Example: Where are you going for your holidays? (to Italy???)

I havent finally decided but ...I may (or might) go to Italy...

1 What sort of car are you going to buy? (a Mercedes???) Im not sure yet but I ... 2 What are you doing this weekend? (go to London???) I dont know for sure but ... 3 Where are you going to hang that picture? (in the dining-room???) I havent made up my mind yet but ... 4 When is Tom coming to see us? (tomorrow evening???) Im not sure but ... 5 Whats Jill going to do when she leaves school? (a secretarial course???) She hasnt decided yet but ...

3. This time you have to talk about possible happenings. Use the word(s)in brackets. Examples: Do you think it will rain this afternoon? (may)

...It may rain this afternoon... Do you think Ann will come to the party? (might not) ...She might not come to the party...

1 Do you think Tom will be late? (may) He ... 2 Do you think Ann will be able to find our house? (might not) She ... 3 Do you think therell be an election this year? (might) There ... 4 Do you think Tony will pass the exam? (may not) ... 5 Do you think theyll be waiting for us when we arrive? (might) ... 6 Do you think itll snow later? (may) ...

IV. IDIOMS Smell a Rat

(feel that something is wrong) How come the front door is open? Didnt you close it before we went

shopping? Im sure I did. I cant understand it. Frankly, I smell a rat. Me, too. Im convinced that something is definitely wrong here.

19

Wed better call the police.

Go to the Dogs (become run-down)

Have you seen their house lately? Its really gone to the dogs. Its true that it has become run-down and in serious need of repair, but Im

sure that it can be fixed up to look like new. I guess with a little carpently work and some paint it could look pretty decent.

Take the Bull by the Horns

(take decisive action in a difficult situation) Julie had always felt that she was missing out on a lot of fun because of her

clumsiness on the dance floor. She had been putting off taking lessons, but she finally took the bull by the horns and went to a professional dance studio for help. She was tired of feeling left out and acted decisively to correct the situation.

Hot Under the Collar

(extremely angry) Did you see how Bill came in to work this morning? Did I ever! Boy, was he hot under the collar! What brought that on? He said that he was extremely angry because he got stuck in slow-moving traffic and arrived late for an important business meeting.

Alls Well That Ends Well

(a successful outcome is worth the effort) Hi, Benito. How are things going? Well, everythings OK now. Remember that teaching job for which I applied? Yes, I sure do. Well, I was finally hired, but I had a bit of a rough time before I got it. Between all that paperwork and all those interviews, Im all worn out. Thank goodness its all over. Great! Alls well that ends well. After all that you went through, Im happy to hear that things finally turned out satisfactorily for you. Yes, Im happy, too. It was really worth the effort.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Trouble on the road

I have a problem with my car I want to phone a garage I have trouble with my car. Can you help me? We must call the police about this accident

20

There should be a special phone on the shoulder of the road Ive had an accident My car broke down on the ... road (parkway, expressway) My car is stuck The engine died The brakes arent working I have a flat tire The wheels are making a grinding noise The engine wont start I ran out of gas A car hit my car from behind Where can I rent a car? How much does it cost to rent a car? What is the cost per day (per mile)? What are the weekly (monthly) rates? How do I pay for renting a car? Whats the gas mileage? How much is the deposit? When can I pick up the car? What kind of gas does it take? What do I do if the car brakes down? Do I have to pay for repairs if the car breaks down? Who do I call if the car breaks down? Who do I notify if there is an accident?

VI. VOCABULARY accident report air conditioning auto mechanic auto mechanic shop back door be licensed to drive bearing bend brake fluid car registration change gears check the oil cost of repair crossroad damage a car dashboard

21

drivers license driving regulations driving violation engine enter (merge into) highway exceed the speed limit exit the highway fender fill out an accident report

flat tire foot brake fork freeway, expressway front door gear gearshift hand brake have the car repaired highway hold up traffic hood horn ignition system international Drivers License

intersection - level of alcohol in blood license plate lights main road make a U-turn mileage offense oil one-way traffic overtake, pass ; parking lights parking ticket police officer police station put air in the tire

22

rearview mirror repair report an accident road accident seat belt service station side road spark plugs speed speed limit steering steering wheel step on the brake tail lights take a driving test tire traffic circle traffic jam, hold-up, tie-up traffic lights traffic signs, road signs turn off the engine turn on headlights turn signal, blinkers turning two-way traffic wheel windshield wipers

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. (a) You have just come to the US, and you enquire the hotel receptionist about renting a car. What questions would you ask? (b) You have to explain your Russian friend how he can rent a car in the USA.

2. Give advice to a driver whose car broke down. 3. Make up dialogues with the expressions from sections IV and V.

Lesson 20. A WASHINGTON TRAFFIC JAM

23

I. NOTE Washington, D.C., is both the capital of the United States and one its most

beautiful and historic cities. The metropolitan Washington area has a population of close to four million.

Washington is the headquarters of the federal government. All three brunches of the US government, the legislative (Congress), executive (President), and judicial (Supreme Court) reside and meet in Washington. The President proposes laws and manages America's relations with other countries. Congress makes and passes legislation. Finally, the Supreme Court interprets the laws, deciding whether they are constitutional or not.

Some of the famous places mentioned in Aunt Stephanie's letter are: Georgetown, a fashionable residential area and site of Georgetown

University. Smithsonian Institution: several museums housing more than 60 million

items. The museums are as follows: National Air and Space museum (where you can see the Wright brothers plane and Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of Saint Louis; National Museum of American History; National Museum of Natural History; and the Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building. The world famous National Gallery of Art and Hirshhorn Museum are also part of the Smithsonian.

National Archives, containing the original of Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence.

National Arboretum, which has trees and shrubs from many parts of the world.

Lincoln Memorial, a monument honoring Abraham Lincoln. US Capitol, the place where members of Congress meet to discuss and

vote on legislation.

II. DIALOGUE You(reading your Aunts letter):Washington taught me so much about American

history. I therefore instruct my nephew to do the following while he is in Washington:

1. Visit Georgetown where I lived a number of years ago as a student. 2. Have dinner at Antonios, my favorite Italian restaurant. Request a

menu and bring back a copy of the check as proof. 3. Visit the Smithsonian Institution. Take a picture of Lindberghs

Spirit of St. Louis. 4. Visit the National Archives to view the Declaration of Independence

and the Bill of Rights. 5. Drive through the National Arboretum, Washingtons best-kept secret. 6. Finish by visiting the Lincoln Memorial and the U.S. Capitol.

24

While I do not expect my nephew to prove that he visited all the places I have listed, I assume that he will follow my wishes. My hope is that he will learn as much about the U.S. as I did when I first moved here. (Finally, the traffic begins to move. You drive to your hotel and spend the next two days exploring Washington as your aunt directed.)

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to read a situation and then write a sentence with I wish ... would ... Example: Its raining. You want to go out, but not in the rain. So you

want it to stop raining. What do you say? ...I wish it would stop raining...

1 Youre waiting for Tom. Hes late and youre getting impatient. You want him to come. What do you say? I wish ...

2 A baby is crying and youre trying to sleep. You want the baby to stop crying. What do you say? I ...

3 Youre looking for a job so far without success. You want somebody to give you a job. What do you say? I wish somebody ...

4 Brian has been wearing the same old clothes for years. You think he needs some new clothes and you want him to buy some. What do you say to him? ...

IV. IDIOMS

Put the Cart before the Horse (to have things in the wrong order; to have things confused and mixed up)

Youre eating your desert! Youve put the cart before the horse. Slow down and get organized. Dont put the cart before the horse! John has the cart before the horse in most of his projects.

Upset the Apple Cart

(to mess up or ruin something) Tom really upset the apple cart by telling Mary the truth about Jane. I always knew hed upset the apple cart.

On Easy Street

(in luxury; slang) If I had a million dollars, Id be on easy street. Everyone has problems, even people who live on easy street.

Get/Have a Fix on Something (to find out the exact location of something)

25

I cant get a fix on your location. Where are you? We are trying to get a fix on your radio transmission.

(to begin to understand the direction of a discussion) I cant quite get a fix on what you are trying to say. I cant get a fix on where youre going with this argument.

Give Someone a Fix on Something

(to tell someone the location of something) Please give me a fix on your location.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

Theres much traffic here. The traffic is always congested (heavy) at this corner. Finally theres a lull in the traffic after the rush hour. The road doesnt correspond to the needs of modern traffic. The policeman is directing traffic (he is on point duty). You have to be quick in order to dodge (escape) the traffic. Traffic signs are always conspicuous. The noise of the traffic kept me awake. The traffic was dislocated by a snow storm. She made a movement to cross into the traffic. I could see her through a gap in the traffic. Lets wait for a break in the traffic. This is a busy traffic crossing. Are you able to read traffic signs? Honking is a menace to traffic safety. Traffic keeps to the left in England. All the traffic has to make way for a fire-engine.

VI. VOCABULARY

auto mechanic brake car accident chain lock checkbook garage headlights identification papers, I.D. insurance company key lock Lost and Found

26

main road parking peephole police officer purse, handbag, pocketbook rest stop, emergency parking road roadside secondary road service road - shopping bag shoulder, side of the road tail lights thief tire to break down to get a flat tire to get stuck to lock the door to lose to park a car to rob to steal turn signals umbrella valuables wallet watch

VI. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

Tell a friend of yours about places of interest in Washington D.C. 1. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV and V.

Lesson 21.

A FENDER BENDER IN CHICAGO I. NOTE

If all goes well while you are in the States, you will not have to contend with such an unpleasant situation. However, sometimes there will be the unavoidable accident and encounter with the police. It is best to remain calm, to explain who you are and where you are from, and to show any documentation that is requested.

If you've rented a car, be sure that you are familiar with the insurance options. You may or may not be insured by your agency at home while driving in the U.S. It is

27

best to look into this before you leave your home. If you do request additional insurance coverage from the rental agency, you may end up paying $10-15 more per day.

II. DIALOGUE First Motorist: What the hell do you think youre doing? Second Motorist: Sorry, I didnt see your turn signal until it was too late to stop. First Motorist (turning to you): Hey buddy, did you see what happened? You: Yes, I think so. Why? First Motorist: Im going to call the police. You can tell them what you saw. This jerk ran right in to me. Look at my bumper! Itll cost $1,000 to fix. Second Motorist: Calm down. It was just one of those things. I have insurance. You: I really dont want to get involved. (A police officer arrives to investigate the accident. The two motorist explain what happened. The officer turns to you.) Officer: Can I have your name, address, and phone number? You: Yes, heres my passport. Im a foreigner. Ive come to Chicago on business. Heres a contact if you need to get in touch. (You give the officer the name, address, and phone number of a friend of your aunt whom youre supposed to look up while youre in Chicago.)

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to complete the sentences with these verbs:

try steal meet look write make be knocked wash play eat splash go drive take

Example: Do you fancy ...playing... tennis this afternoon?

1 Could you please stop ... so much noise? 2 I dont enjoy ... letters. 3 Does your job involve ... a lot of people? 4 I considered ... the job but in the end I decided against it. 5 If you use the shower, try and avoid ... water on the floor. 6 Jack gave up ... to find a job in Britain and decided to emigrate. 7 Have you finished ... your hair yet? 8 The phone rang while Ann was having her dinner. She didnt answer it; she just carried on ... . 9 He admitted ... the car but denied ... it dangerously. 10 Why do you keep on ... at me like that? 11 They had to postpone ... away because their son was ill. 12 If you walk into the road without looking, you risk ... down by a car.

28

2. Answer these questions using the verbs given.

Examples: Why do you never fly? (hate) ...I hate flying... Why does Tom go to the cinema so often? (like) ...He likes going to the cinema...

1 Why do you always wear a hat? (like) I ... 2 Why does Ann watch television so often? (enjoy) She ... 3 Why do you never go to the cinema? (not/like) ... 4 Why does Jack take so many photographs? (like) ... 5 Why dont you work in the evenings? (hate) ...

3. This time put the verb into the correct form, -ing or to + infinitive. Examples: I enjoy ...being... (be) alone.

Would you like ...to come...(come) to a party? 1 Do you mind ... (travel) such a long way to work every day? 2 Ann loves ... (cook) but she hates ... (wash) up. 3 I cant stand people ... (tell) me what to do when Im driving. 4 I dont like that house. I would hate ... (live) there. 5 Do you like ... (drive)? 6 When I have to catch a train, Im always worried about missing it. So I like ... (get) to the station in plenty of time. 7 I very much enjoy ... (listen) to classical music. 8 I would love ... (come) to your wedding but it just isnt possible. 9 Sometime Id like ... (learn) to play the guitar.

4. Put the verb into the correct form, -ing or to + infinitive. Examples: If you want to pass your exams, you need ...to

study... (study)more. Im sorry I broke the glass. I couldn't help ...dropping... (drop) it.

1 Does this job need .... (do) now or can I leave it until later? 2 Ive got an extra bed, so when you come to stay, you wont need ... (bring) your sleeping bag. 3 Tom helped his mother ... (get) the dinner ready. 4 When he told me that everybody had made fun of him, I couldnt help ... (feel) sorry for him. 5 Those shirts need ... (iron) but you dont need ... (do) it now.

29

6 He looks so funny. When I see him, I cant help ... (smile). 7 The fine weather helped ... (make) it a very enjoyable holiday.

5. In this exercise you have to read a sentence and then write a second sentence with the same meaning. Each time begin in the way shown. Example: I phoned Ann and then I went out.

After ...phoning Ann I went out...

1 Tom went to bed but first he had a hot drink. Before ... 2 The plane took off and soon afterwards it crashed. Soon after ... 3 We didnt eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead. Instead of ... 4 You put peoples lives in danger if you drive dangerously. You put peoples

lives in danger by ... 5 He hurt his leg but he managed to win the race. In spite of ... 6 Bill is a very good cook. Bill is very good at ... 7 I dont intend to lend her any money. I have no intention of ... 8 George took more exercise and so lost weight. By ... 9 He was angry with me because I was late. He was angry with me for ... 10 Tom thinks that doing nothing is better than working. Tom prefers doing

nothing to ...

6. In this exercise you have to write the correct preposition and to put the verb into the correct form. Use the verb in brackets at the end of each sentence. Example: Jack insisted ...on going... out by himself. (go)

1 After a long time we eventually succeeded ... a flat. (find) 2 Ive been thinking ... for a new job. (look) 3 His parents didnt approve ... him ... out so late. (stay) 4 I wonder what prevented him ... to the party. (come) 5 Im getting hungry. Im looking forward ... dinner. (have) 6 I dont feel ... today. (study) 7 Forgive me ... you but I must ask you a question. (interrupt) 8 The arrested man was suspected ... into a house. (break) 9 Have you ever thought ... married? (get) 10 Ive always dreamed ... on a small island in the Pacific. (live) 11 The cold water didnt stop her ... a swim. (have) 12 Have you ever been accused ... a crime? (commit) 13 She apologized ... so rude to me. (be) 14 We have decided ... a new car. (buy)

7. Now you have to make sentences with worth.

30

Examples: Id read this book if I were you. This book ...is worth reading... I wouldnt read this book if I were you. This book ...isnt worth reading...

1 Id visit the museum if I were you. The museum ... 2 I wouldnt repair those shoes if I were you. Those shoes ... 3 I wouldnt keep these old clothes if I were you. These old clothes ... 4 Id consider the plan if I were you. The plan ...

IV. IDIOMS Blow It

(fail at something) How did you do on the history exam? I think I blew it! There was a section on the Civil War, and thats the chapter in

the book that I studied the least. Well, at this point you cant really be sure that you completely failed the

examination. You must have done okay on the rest of the test. Perhaps I didnt fail the entire exam, but Im sure that I didnt do well.

Get Away Clean

(escape punishment) After robbing a neighborhood bank, the robbers sped off in a waiting car and

got away clean. In spite of all police efforts to apprehend them, the criminals were never caught and punished for their crime.

Push/ Press the Panic Button

(to become anxious or panicky; slang) I do okay taking tests as long as I dont push the panic button. Whatever you do, dont press the panic button.

Have a Near Miss (to nearly crash or collide)

The airplanes flying much too close had a near miss. I had a near miss while driving over here.

Have a Screw Loose

(to act silly or crazy; slang) John is such a clown. He acts like he has a screw loose. Whats the matter with you? Do you have a screw loose or something?

Get Someone out of Jam

31

(to free someone from a problem or a bad situation) I like John. He got me out of a jam once. I would be glad to help get you out of a jam.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

There is much traffic here. The traffic is always congested (heavy) at this corner. Finally theres a lull in the traffic after the rush hour. The traffic was blocked up for a long time. There was a jam in the traffic for a quarter of an hour. The pointsman wont tell you anything. He is directing traffic (he is on point

duty). I could see her through a gap in the traffic. This is a busy traffic crossing. Are you able to read traffic signs? Traffic keeps to the left in England. The noise of the traffic has lulled at last. I must telephone (arrange, send)for a taxi to pick us up. Is it possible to hire the car by the hour? Get into the car; theres room for you in it. I dont feel like going in a taxi. Come with me; Ill take you in my car. The driver helped her into (out of; to) the car. Will you help me to the car with my luggage? The car has been in service for a long time. I seldom have trouble with the car. The car is being overhauled. Their car made its way for the airport. Cars are parked tightly against the theatre fronts.

VI. VOCABULARY

accident/ crash block/ hold-up in the traffic bottle-neck in the traffic break in the traffic heavy traffic jam in the traffic keep to the right left-sided traffic light traffic lull in the traffic / the traffic is blocked up/ jammed

32

the traffic is heavy/ congested to chase , to collide (with) to comply with the traffic rules

to direct the traffic to dodge , to gain on , to knock down to overtake / to overhaul/ to outstrip a car to run into/over to slow down to speed to tail to violate the traffic rules traffic lights traffic safety traffic signs

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. Speak on the following situations: (a) You are in a hurry, but unfortunately you got into the traffic jam. You phone your colleague, explain the situation and say the hypothetical time of your arrival. (b) You got into a road accident, and your car is badly damaged. What will you do in this situation?

2. Make up dialogues, using expressions from sections IV-VI. 3. Order a taxi for your friend, and ask if the driver will help him to the car

with his luggage.

Lesson 22. AN INVITATION TO DINNER

I. NOTE Americans love to entertain in their homes. It is not unusual to receive a dinner

invitation from someone you barely know. This is considered an excellent way to get acquainted.

If you receive an invitation to dinner, it is good idea to ask how you should dress. You might ask if you should dress casually or more formally. For a man, a jacket and tie are suggested unless you are told to dress less formally.

When invited to someone's house it is nice to bring a small gift, such as bouquet of flowers, candy, or a bottle of wine. Later, you might consider a

33

reciprocating the invitation by inviting your host to your house/apartment or to a restaurant if you are staying in a hotel.

II. DIALOGUE Mrs. Jones: Good evening. Im Ellen Jones. Wont you come in? (You give her a bouquet of fresh-cut flowers.) Mrs. Jones: What lovely flowers! Thank you. Ill call Michael. Please make yourself at home. (You sit down in the living room.) Mr. Jones: Hello, Im so glad to meet you. Stephanie told me so much about you. You were her favorite, you know. You: Yes. Im sorry I didnt get to see her again before she died. (Mrs. Jones offers you a drink. You ask for a glass of wine.) Mr. Jones: So, what brings you to Chicago? You: Aunt Stephanie wanted me to know more about the city. I guess she lived a few blocks from here. Mrs. Jones: Yes, we became friends almost twenty years ago. She had moved

here from Washington. You: And I guess she left Chicago five years later and moved to the West coast. Mr. Jones: Chicago winters were too harsh for her. She wanted more sun and warmer temperatures. Mrs. Jones: Dinner is ready. (The three of you go into the dining room and sit down for a delightful dinner.)

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets. You went back to your home town after many years and you found that many things were different. Example: Most of my friends were no longer there.

They ...had left... (leave). 1 My best friend, Kevin, was no longer there. He ... (go) away. 2 The local cinema was no longer open. It .... (close) down. 3 Mr. Johnson was no longer alive. He .... (die). 4 I didnt recognize Mrs. Johnson. She ... (change) a lot. 5 Bill no longer had his car. He ... (sell) it.

2. In this exercise you have to complete each sentence with a suitable verb. Example: Dont forget ...to post... the letter I gave you.

1 Tom refused ... me any money.

34

2 Jill has decided not ... a car. 3 The thief got into the house because I forgot ... the window. 4 There was a lot of traffic but we managed ... to the airport in time. 5 Ive arranged ... tennis tomorrow afternoon. 6 One day Id like to learn ... an airplane. 7 I shouted to him. He pretended not ... me but I'm sure he did. 8 Why hasnt Sue arrived yet? She promised not ... late. 9 Our neighbour threatened ... the police if we didn't stop the noise. 10 Ann offered ... after our children while we were out. 11 The teacher was very strict. Nobody dared ... during his lessons.

IV. IDIOMS Wet Blanket

(dull or boring person who spoils the happiness of others) James was not invited to go on the outing with the rest of the group because

hes such a wet blanket. On many previous occasions he has kept others from enjoying themselves by his pessimism and lack of enthusiasm. Its understandable that no one wants him around.

Dressed to Kill (wear ones finest clothing)

The reception for the new Swedish ambassador at the Jennisons was quite lavish. Naturally, everybody was dressed to kill. Since it was a formal occasion, everyone was dressed in their finest, most elegant clothes.

Eat Someone out of House and Home (eat a lot of someone elses food)

Hes quite nice with good sense of humour but for his ability eating everyone out of house and home.

Have Someone Eating out of Ones Hand (have someone completely under ones control)

One of my main difficulties is that Im not good with an audience. There are guys who can come out and have a crowd eating out of their hand right away with a few jokes.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS How do you do? How are you? How are you getting on? How are things? Whats the news?

35

I havent seen you for ages! What would you like to drink? Have some more salad! Help yourself to some more fish. What about another cup of coffee? I have never tasted such a nice cake! I dont think Ill have some more, thank you. Im fond of fruit pudding! I have enjoyed it greatly! Thank you very much for your invitation! Thank you, the evening was marvelous!

VI. VOCABULARY

apricot bacon bitter bite; to have a bite breakfast broth cabbage chicken chips chop course dessert delicious dine dinner dish elevenses 11 fry help oneself hot dog hungry jelly , juice lobster mashed potatoes mushroom mutton noodle pea

36

pie , porridge pudding refuse roast sausage smoked sour stewed sweet tart / taste toast , veal vegetable

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. Make up sentences filling in the blanks in the following pattern with the expressions given below: The (fish) I had (where?) yesterday was (tasty). Tasteless; a bit overdone; a bit underdone; a bit sour, I dont now why; a little oversalted; well roasted; badly stewed; a bit sweet; very bitter; well smoked; extremely hot (cold); etc.

2. Tell about traditional Russian\ British dishes. 3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections V and VI.

Lesson 23.

A FLIGHT TO THE WEST COAST I. NOTE

Although our protagonist has bought a one-way airplane ticket, most people purchase round-trip tickets. Sometimes a one-way ticket costs as much as round trip.

It is a good idea to go through a reliable travel agent when purchasing airplane tickets. There are so many different options and special packages available, as well as restrictions, that only a qualified travel agent can help you sort them out.

Most American airplanes offer two classes of travel first class (more expensive) and coach (less expensive). On some large airplanes, there is an intermediary category called business class. Smoking is now forbidden on all flights within the continental U.S.

Finally, The preferred usage to refer to a member of the flight crew is flight attendant, even though people still use stewardess (female) and steward.

II. DIALOGUE

37

Ticket Agent: A one-way ticket to San Francisco. How many pieces of luggage will you be checking?

You: Just two. Can I have an aisle seat, please? Ticket Agent: Yes, seat 12-A in the coach section. Youll be boarding in about 30 minutes from Gate 16. (You walk to Gate 16 after passing through airport security. A few minutes later, you board the plane and soon youre in the air.) Stewardess: Good morning. Can I offer you something to drink? You: Coffee, please. No cream or sugar. Stewardess: Today well be serving a light breakfast and lunch. You: How long will it take to get to San Francisco? Stewardess: About four hours. Would you like a newspaper or magazine? You: No thanks, I brought a book. Its all about U.S. history fascinating! Captain: Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to United Airlines flight 260, nonstop service to San Francisco. Weve just reached our cruising altitude of 32,000 feet. Thank you for flying United.

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. Now you have to read two sentences and then write one sentence with the same meaning. Use a relative clause in your sentence. Example: A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.

The girl ...who was injured in the accident is now in hospital...

1 A man answered the phone. He told me you were out. The man ... 2 A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient. The ... 3 Some boys were arrested. They have now been released. The boys ...

2. The sentences in this exercise are not complete. Choose the most suitable ending from the list and make it into a relative clause.

he invented the telephone it makes typewriters she runs away from home it gives you the meanings of words they are never on time it won the race they stole my car it can support life they used to hang on that wall it was found last week

Example: Gerry works for a company ...that (or which) makes typewriters...

1 The book is about a girl ...

38

2 What was the name of the horse ...? 3 The police have caught the men ... 4 Alexander Bell was the man ... 5 Where are the pictures ...? 6 The police are still trying to identify the body ... 7 A dictionary is a book ... 8 I dont like people ... 9 It seems that Earth is the only planet ...

3. Complete these sentences, where necessary, with that, who or what. If it is possible to write that or leave it out, write (that) - in brackets. Examples: Did you hear ...what... I said?

Everything ...(that)... he said was true. 1 She gives her children everything .... they want. 2 Tell me ... you want and Ill try to help you. 3 Why do you blame me for everything ... goes wrong? 4 I wont be able to do very much but Ill do the best ... I can. 5 I cant lend you any money. All ... I've got is a pound. 6 Nora is the only person ... understands me. 7 Why do you always disagree with everything ... I say? 8 I dont agree with ... youve just said. 9 This is an awful film. Its the worst ... Ive ever seen.

4. You were on holiday with a friend of yours. You met some people who had some bad experiences during their holiday. You met:

1 some people/their car broke down 2 a man/his wife became ill and was taken to hospital 3 a woman/her husband was arrested by the police 4 a girl/her passport was stolen 5 a couple/their luggage disappeared

You cant remember the names of these people, so you ask your friend. Make sentences with whose.

1 ...What was the name of the people whose car broke

down...? 2 What was the name of the man ... 3 What ...? 4 ...? 5 ...?

39

IV. IDIOMS Think Twice before Doing Something

(to think about something more thoroughly) I dont think that going by plane in such weather is a good idea. I would think

twice before buying the tickets.

At the Drop of a Hat (without delay or good reason)

These days Russian visas are issued at the drop of a hat.

Fire in the (or ones) Belly (a powerful sense of ambition or determination)

Theres no fire in the belly, no sense of urgency.

Take a Flyer (take a chance)

I know its extremely difficult, but you can take a flyer at least.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Going by plane

How do I get to the airport? Whats the plane schedule from ... to ... ? Id like to make a round trip reservation One ticket for the 6 p.m. plane for ... Where can I buy a ticket for the shuttle flight? What time do I have to be at the airport? Wheres the check-in desk? Where can I leave my luggage? How much luggage is allowed free of charge? Has the boarding time been announced? Which direction is gate number ...? Whens our plane taking off? Whats the departure time for flight number ...? When does the plane for ... take off? When does the next plane leave for ...? How long is the flight? How long is the flight to ...? Is this a non-stop (direct) flight? Where does the plane stop on the way? At what time does the plane arrive in ...? Whats the arrival time at ...? What airport will we arrive at?

40

VI. VOCABULARY

aisle seat air sickness altitude area () arrive arrival be delayed ( ) boarding boarding pass bridge business-class ticket - cancellation come back check-in desk change trains\ planes credit card crew crossing delayed flight departure gate destination domestic flight economy (tourist) class ticket emergency exit entrance excess luggage fare fasten a seat belt first class ticket flight attendant (-) landing strip/ runaway - lose ones way passenger lounge/ waiting room pedestrian crossing route seat seat number shuttle flight suitcase suburb

41

take off , ticket office weight window seat

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. Speak on the following situations: (a) Two friends are discussing their summer holidays and plans to go

somewhere. They speak about the best time to go and choose the transport.

(b) You are buying a ticket for a plane. Ask about the timetable, price and meals during the flight.

(c) You and your friend are discussing how to get to Great Britain. You dont like going by planes and prefer train or ferry.

1. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of traveling by planes. 2. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections V and VI.

Lesson 24.

CALIFORNIA DREAMING I. NOTE

The drive along Highway 1 in California is spectacular. One of the most scenic stretches runs from the city of Monterey south to Big Sur. The coastal highway hangs perilously above the Pacific Ocean.

Big Sur is 80 miles of treacherous ocean and rocky shore. Along your drive, you will see otters, sea lions, and whales. The coast line is dotted with redwoods, the world's largest trees.

Carmel (its official name is Carmel by the Sea) is a storybook village. One of its most famous inhabitants, and former mayor, is the American movie actor Clint Eastwood. If you go to the Hog's Breath pub, you may just run into him.

II. DIALOGUE You (reading your aunts will): One of my favorite places in America is the area

around Monterey, California. I would like my nephew to visit Monterey as I did as a tourist. He should do the following:

1. Have lunch at a restaurant on Cannery Row. Sit at a table overlooking the water. Perhaps youll be able to catch a glimpse of the famous sea otters. 2. Visit the Monterey Bay Aquarium. 3. Take the scenic 17-mile drive.

4. Drive on Highway 1 down to Big Sur for a splendid view of the rugged California coastline.

5. On the return drive to Monterey, spend a night at the quaint Lamp Lighter Inn in beautiful Carmel by the Sea. Ask for the Hansel and Gretel cottage if

42

you can get it. (The next morning, you check out of your hotel and drive for two hours

south to Monterey. You spend the next few days exploring the sights your aunt wanted you to see.)

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. The sentences in this exercise are not complete. You have to complete them with where .... Use the sentences in the box to make your relative clauses.

I can buy postcards there I was born there she had bought it there we spent our holidays there people are buried there we can have a really good meal there

Examples: I recently went back to the town ...where I was born...

1 The dress didnt fit her, so she took it back to the shop ... 2 Do you know a restaurant ...? 3 Is there a shop near here ...? 4 The place ... was really beautiful. 5 A cemetery is a place ...

IV. IDIOM Toot Ones Own Horn

(boast) Michaels last novel was a best seller. He has no need to toot his own horn

about his literary accomplishments. His readers and critics alike will now become aware of his talent. He wont have to boast about his skill and success as a writer.

Thank Ones Lucky Stars (feel grateful for ones good fortune)

All Alec could do was thank his lucky stars that his daughter was fit again.

Up for It (ready to take part in a particular activity)

At first I was not sure that the girl would race with him, but then I felt that she was clearly up for it.

On a Wing and Prayer (relying on hope; with only a slight chance of success)

Nobody knew the way, but at last we arrived at the destination on a wing and prayer.

43

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

Where can I buy a train\ plane ticket? I want to buy a round trip ticket. How much is the ticket? Where can I check my luggage? Wheres the waiting room? Where can I see the timetable? What train do I catch to get to? How long does it take to get to? Is it a through train\ plane or do I have to change? Where do I have to change? Will we arrive on schedule? Do I need to make a reservation for meals? I would like to book a ticket for the passenger/ express/fast train I want to travel by air/ land/sea/railway/bus/car The fare to London is How much is the return single ticket to Riga? I would rather go to Moscow by air. Hurry up! (Step on it!) We may miss the train! Dont make a fuss! We shall make it. Do you happen to know when the train starts? Will you see to my luggage?

VI. VOCABULARY

advantage agrarian area , , book () border on capital channel , coast discover , extent; to an extent form fortnight fuss; to make a fuss , gazetteer hemisphere hike huge

44

hurry , island luggage occupy (, ) pack part peninsular performance , polar population possible proper , reach region republic resource rucksack see off settle , side sleeper solve stretch , surround track trip underdeveloped ( ) vast wallet wash , ,

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. Speak about advantages/ disadvantages of traveling by car in this country and in the USA.

2. Speak on the following situations: (a)You are going hiking for the first time, and you dont know what to put into your rucksack. Ask a friend to give you advice. (b)Your friend is fond of driving, so he is all for traveling by car. Try to persuade him to go by train. (c) Your friend and you are going to Siberia during your summer/winter holidays. You have never been there and you dont know much about this particular region. Speak about your preparations and plans.

45

3. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV-VI.

Lesson 25. A BUSINESS LUNCH

I. NOTE San Francisco is one of the most popular destinations for American as well as

foreign tourists. Sometimes called America's favorite city, San Francisco draws more than 2 million tourists each year.

Blessed with a mild climate, San Francisco has a metropolitan population exceeding 5 million. The city itself is built on and around more than 40 hills overlooking the San Francisco Bay. Many of San Francisco's streets are quite sleep, especially in the areas of Nob Hill and Russian Hill.

Some of the important sights of San Francisco include: Fisherman's Wharf (once a bustling port for fishing boats), Chinatown, the Golden Gate bridge, and Alcatraz (a former federal prison build on a rocky island).

II.DIALOGUE You: How did you know my aunt? Colleague: Stephanie and I founded a small company specializing in fine wines and foods. We worked together for about six years. She took care of finances, and I handled marketing and sales. She was a delight to work with. You: I didnt realize that she had lived on the West Coast. Colleague: She didnt. We met in Chicago. As the company grew, I moved to California to be closer to our distributors. She eventually moved to Atlanta, as you know. You: How is the company doing? Colleague: Very well, thank you. When Stephanie became ill, she sold her shares of the company. What brings you to the States? You: My aunt wanted me to relive her experiences. Ill receive an inheritance once I complete this trip and return to Atlanta. Colleague: Before you leave San Francisco, be sure you see the Golden Gate bridge, Chinatown, and Sausalito. You: Ive already been to Chinatown. I was just about to go see the bridge. Thanks for lunch. It was a pleasure meeting you.

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to put in when or if.

Example: ...If... it rains this evening, I wont go out. 1 Im going to Paris next week. ... Im there, I hope to visit a friend of mine. 2 Tom might phone this evening. ... he does, can you take a message? 3 I think hell get the job. Ill be very surprised ... he doesnt get it. 4 I hope to be there by 10.30. But ... Im not there, dont wait for me.

46

5 Im going shopping ... you want anything, I can get it for you. 6 I think Ill go home now. Im feeling very tired. I think Ill go straight to bed ... I get home. 7 Im going away for a few days. Ill phone you ... I get back. 8 I want you to come to the party but ... you dont want to come, you needn't.

2. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: If I found $100 in the street, I ...would keep...

(keep) it. Theyd be rather angry if you ...didn't visit... (not/visit) them.

1 If I was offered the job, I think I ... (take) it. 2 Im sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he ...

(refuse). 3 Many people would be out of work if that factory ... (close) down. 4 If she sold her car, she ... (not/get) much money for it. 5 Theyre expecting us. They would be disappointed if we ... (not/come). 6 Would George be angry if I ... (take) his bicycle without asking? 7 Ann gave me this ring. She ... (be) terribly upset if I lost it. 8 If someone ... (walk) in here with a gun, Id be very frightened. 9 What would happen if you ... (not/go) to work tomorrow? 10 Im sure she ...(understand) if you explained the situation to her.

3. Now answer these questions in the way shown.

Example: Are you going to catch the 10.30 train? (we/arrive too early) No. ...If we caught the 10.30 train, we would arrive too early...

1 Is he going to take the examination? (he/fail it) No. If he ..., he ... 2 Are you going to invite Bill to the party? (I/have to invite Linda too) No.

If I ... 3 Are you going to bed now? (I/not/sleep) No. ... 4 Is she going to apply for the job? (she/not/get it) No. ... 4. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: If I ...knew... (know) her number, I would telephone her.

I ...wouldnt buy... (not/buy) that coat if I were you.

1 I ... (give) you a cigarette if I had one but Im afraid I havent. 2 This soup would taste better if it ... (have) more salt in it. 3 If you ... (not/go) to bed so late every night, you wouldnt be so tired all the

47

time. 4 I wouldnt mind living in England if the weather ... (be) better. 5 I'd help you if I ... (can) but Im afraid I cant. 6 If I were you, I ... (not/marry) him. 7 We would happily buy that house if it ... (not/be) so small.

5. Now you have to write sentences with I wish ... Example: I dont know many people (and Im lonely).

...I wish I knew more people...

1 I cant give up smoking (but Id like to). I wish I ... 2 I havent any cigarettes (and I need one). I wish ... 3 George isnt here (and I need him). I wish George ... 4 Its cold (and I hate cold weather). I wish ... 5 I live in London (and I hate London). I ... 6 Tina cant come to the party (shes your best friend). I ... 7 I have to work tomorrow (but Id like to stay in bed). ... 8 I dont know anything about cars (and my car has just broken down). ... 9 Im not lying on a beautiful sunny beach (and thats a pity). ... 6. In this exercise you have to put the verb into the correct form. Examples: If I ...had known... (know) that you were ill last week,

Id have gone to see you. Tom ...wouldnt have entered... (not/enter) for the examination if he had known that it would be so difficult.

1 Tom got to the station in time. If he ... (miss) the train, he would have been

late for his interview. 2 Its good that Ann reminded me about Toms birthday. I ... (forget) if she

hadnt reminded me. 3 We might not have stayed at this hotel if George ... (not/ recommend) it to

us. 4 Id have sent you a postcard while I was on holiday if I...(have) your address.

IV. IDIOMS Bend Over Backwards

(try very hard) When Joan first started teaching she was afraid that she would have a lot of

trouble. However, her fears turned out to be unfounded, since everybody bent over backwards to help her. Everybody tried very hard to help her feel comfortable and adjust to the school.

48

Duck Soup

(easy, effortless) Can you help me hook up my new stereo equipment? Im having quite a bit of

trouble with all these connections. Sure, thats duck soup for me. Well, with all your experience, I have no doubt that it will be very easy for you

to do.

Face the Music (accept the consequences)

Its no wonder you have a stomachache. I told you not to eat so many green apples.

You dont listen, and now you are going to have to face the music.

Keep under Ones Hat (keep something a secret)

Although the contestants were most anxious to know who won the prizes in piano competition, the judges kept the results under their hats. They kept the results a secret so that the formal announcement could be made in public at the awards ceremony.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Be so kind as to open the door. Would you mind opening the door? Could I trouble you for a glass of water? Certainly!/ Of course!/ Naturally!/ With pleasure!/ Here you are! Im afraid I wont have enough time to do it. You talk as if you knew etiquette very well. Thank you. Dont mention it. What time do you expect me? What time should I arrive? Will there be other guests? Is it an informal evening? Id be glad to come. Do you want a drink? Please dont trouble yourself. A gin and tonic would be fine. A beers fine with me. Please pass the salt/salad/bread/ meat

VI. VOCABULARY

49

acquaint to get acquainted with - awkward bore company , excuse host insist introduction , principal , pull somebodys leg - sick and tired stranger , tall story upset; to be upset witticism ,

VII. SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. Make up polite requests to suit the following situations: 1) Suppose you need some salt and the salt-cellar is at the far end of

the table. 2) Suppose you sit down at the table and find you have no spoon. 3) Suppose you have enjoyed coffee very much and want a second

helping 4) Suppose you want to treat your guest to some more pudding. 5) Suppose you have not understood the speaker but you must know what he said.

2. Imagine you are at the table. What would you answer to these offers and requests:

1) Will you have a second helping of cake? 2) Will you have tea or coffee? 3) Would you like some more salad? 4) Pass me the mustard, please. 5) May I trouble you for the menu, please? 6) Would you mind passing me the pepper-pot? 7) How much sugar do you take, two or three lumps? 8) Bring me a bottle of mineral water, please.

1. Make up dialogues using expressions from sections IV-VI.

Lesson 26. A HOUSEHOLD EMERGENCY

I. NOTE

50

Plumbers are relatively expensive, particularly if they are called at night and on weekends. It is not uncommon for a plumber to ask you for something to drink while he works.

If you are having major work done (replacing pipes, installing new fixtures like toilets and sinks, etc.), it is a good idea to ask several different plumbing companies for estimates.

II. DIALOGUE Plumber: What seems to be the trouble? You: Look, theres an inch of water on the floor. What a mess! Can you fix it? Plumber: No sweat. Wheres the main water valve. You: The what? Plumber: Do you know where I can cut off the water? You: I think its in the closet. What shall I do about all the water on the floor? Plumber: Tell the manager to call a carpet cleaning service. Theyll take care of it for you. Do you have any coffee? You: Ill make some. What a way to end my trip! Plumber: Have you been on vacation? You: Not exactly. How much is this going to cost? Plumber: Im pretty sure the apartment owners will cover it, as long as you didnt cause the problem yourself. You: How could I? Ive been out of town for weeks.

III. GRAMMAR EXERCISES 1. In this exercise you have to make a new sentence from these questions. Example: Where has Tom gone? Do you know ...where Tom has

gone...

1 Where is the post office? Could you tell me ...? 2 What does this word mean? Do you know ...? 3 Whats the time? I wonder ... 4 Where did you park your car? Cant you remember ...? 5 Is Ann coming to the meeting? I dont know ... 6 Where does Jack live? Have you any idea ...? 7 What time did he leave? Do you know ...? 8 Where can I change some money? Could you tell me ...? 9 What qualifications do I need? I want to know ...

10 Why didnt Tom come to the party? I dont know ... 11 How much does it cost to park here? Do you know ...?

IV. IDIOMS

51

Get Up on the Wrong Side of the Bed (wake up in a bad mood)

Whats the matter with Bernard today? He started shouting from the moment he stepped into the office.

I dont know. He usually doesnt act that way at all. I guess he got up on the wrong side of the bed.

Just because he woke up in a bad mood is no reason for him to be so cross and to go around shouting at everybody.

Hopefully hell relax as the day goes on.

Out on a Limb (in a risky position)

The members of the committee realized that their position against expanding the student aid program was an unpopular one, and that they were going out on a limb by voting against the program. Nevertheless, their position was justified to a certain extent.

Although they knew that they were placing themselves in a risky position, they felt that other budgetary considerations were of greater urgency.

Bite the Bullet (endure in a difficult situation)

We really had a frightening experience when we went hunting last month. What happened? We got lost in the wilderness and had to bite the bullet until help arrived. Did you manage OK? Barely. We werent prepared for the cold weather and we couldnt find any

shelter. We had to endure in a very trying situation. We almost froze by the time

they found us.

Make Ends Meet (pay ones bills)

Its almost impossible trying to keep up with the high cost of living. Its true. Things are so expensive nowadays that its very difficult to make

ends meet. You know, even with Lucies salary, our combined income is hardly enough

to pay all the bills.

V. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS The door wont open! The lamp wont light up! The fire-wood wont burn!

52

I shant be able to repair the radio today. Be so kind as to turn on the light. The gas stove is out of order. The tap got out of order. The lock must be out of order. The fridge is now in order. The vacuum tube is now in working order. The iron is now repaired. He wont be able to fix the lock. She couldnt change the fuse. I cant change the bulb. You had better change the fuse now. May I ask you to repair my radio? You should take care of your electrical appliances. What modern conveniences are there in your house?

VI. VOCABULARY

air conditioning annoy , appliances; electrical appliances bulb burn out carpenter choose (chose, chosen) clean , , convenience destroy discuss district fall (fell, fallen) fan final , fire-wood fix , fuse