6
!"#!$%!& ()*)+,-. / 01234)56) 7+1+6)8)19 ()+5),$:)+,1), ();),)1-)< &=>4?- @?1+1-) 7+1+6)8)19  1 (%!AB"C# D" &!(EBFB&!ED(G &%(@D(7!"F% 7D"BED(B"C< !H!B:!I:% D":B"% !"#$ &'((')*+, -++'.-.$/ 0$-/*+,1 -0$ -2-*(-3($ '+(*+$4 "#$ (*1. *1 +'. 5'670$#$+1*2$ 38. '+(9 - 1-67(*+, '& )#-. 5-+ 3$ &'8+/ *+ .#$ )$34: "#$%&'#%&( (#) $)*+,-'./ (#) 0%11%2,-' ,3%-. ,+)-(,04 (#) +,00)$)-( (45). %0 $).%&$3). &.)+6  ! !"#$%&'()* ,)-'&."/0') 1234"0)0)% 0*1"56 3&'#15515 ")* /1&.5 (51* "/ 1"#7 5/135 ! 8''45 ")* 915'(&#15 :70#7 3&';0*1 " -&".1:'&$ -'& "334<0)% /71 #')#13/5 " 91"4=40-1 >2".3415 0) /71 -'&. '- #"51 5/(*015 ")* #'..1)/5 -&'. 3&"#/0/0')1&5 " ?(%%15/1* @1/7'*'4'%015 -'& ()*1&/"$0)% /71 5/135 ")* %(0*")#1 0) "334<0)% 3"&/0#03"/'&< 31&-'&.")#1 .')0/'&0)% /''45 # 81.34"/15 /7"/ 7143 #"3/(&1 /71 '(/3(/5 '- /71 *0--1&1)/ 5/135 0) 3"&/0#03"/'&< 31&-'&.")#1 .')0/'&0)%A 871 /1.34"/15 #") B1 .1&14< 5(%%15/0')5 /7"/ ."< B1 "*"3/1* "##'&*0)% /' /71 )11*5 B< "**0)% '& .'*0-<0)% 0)*0;0*("4 141.1)/6 '& B< 50.340-<0)% /71.A " 7#*#/ 78 98 :;<<=/ >*$3#?8 @*.) 7(&+4 A B C*-'*1%$)/ D-+,*6 E*$(,3,5*(%$4 F55$%*3 #). ,- C&+')(,-' *-+ E&G1,3 HI5)-+,(&$) >*-*')J)-(8 K)($,)L)+ >*$3# A;/ ;<A</ 0$%J E*$(,3,5*(,%- M @,L,3 H-'*')J)-( B "#) 9%$1+ C*-N6 #((56OO.,()$).%&$3).82%$1+G*-N8%$'O  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

58-1-5_Readings_Participatory_Performance_Monitoring.pdf

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

7/27/2019 58-1-5_Readings_Participatory_Performance_Monitoring.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/58-1-5readingsparticipatoryperformancemonitoringpdf 1/6

ANSA-EAPResearch&KnowledgeManagement  

Reader-LearnerReference:PublicFinanceManagement  

1

READINGSONPARTICIPATORYPERFORMANCEMONITORING:AVAILABLEONLINE 

 

(Thefollowingannotatedreadingsareavailableonline.Thelistisnotcomprehensivebutonlya

samplingofwhatcanbefoundintheweb.) 

 

Throughoutthereadings,thefollowingiconsidentifythedifferenttypesofresourcesused: 

  Background Informationexplaining ideas, processesandtermsusedateachsteps

  Tools and Resources which provide a framework for applying the

concepts

  Real-life Examples in the form of case studies and comments frompractitioners

  SuggestedMethodologies forundertaking the stepsandguidance in

applyingparticipatoryperformancemonitoringtools

Templatesthathelpcapturetheoutputsofthedifferentstepsin

participatoryperformancemonitoring.Thetemplatescanbemerely

suggestionsthatmaybeadaptedaccordingtotheneedsbyaddingor

modifyingindividualelement,orbysimplifyingthem.

Shah,S.W.(2003,March).CaseStudy1-Bangalore,India:ParticipatoryApproachesin

BudgetingandPublicExpenditureManagement.RetrievedMarch12,2010,fromParticipation&CivicEngagement-TheWorldBank:http://siteresources.worldbank.org/

Inspiredbyaprivatesectorpracticeofconductingclientsatisfactionsurveys,asmallgroupof

peopleinBangalore,concernedaboutthecity’deterioratingstandardsofpublicservices,

initiatedanexercisein1993tocollectfeedbackfromusers.Userperceptionsonthequality,

efficiency,andadequacyofthevariousserviceswereaggregatedtocreatea‘reportcard’that

ratedtheperformanceofallmajorserviceprovidersinthecity.Thefindingspresenteda

quantitativemeasureofsatisfactionandperceivedlevelsofcorruption,which,following

coverageinthemedia,notonlymobilizedcitizenandgovernmentsupportforreform,butalso

promptedtheratedagenciesthemselvestorespondpositivelytociviccallsforimprovementin

services.Thisexercisewasrepeatedin1999,andhasbeenreplicatedinatleastfiveotherIndiancities,aswellastheStateofKarnatakaintheinterim.Bysystematicallygatheringand

disseminatingpublicfeedback,reportcardsmayserveasa“surrogateforcompetition”for

monopolies–usuallygovernmentowned–thatlacktheincentivetobeasresponsiveasthe

privateenterprisestotheirclient’sneeds.Theyareausefulmediumthroughwhichcitizenscan

crediblyandcollectively‘signal’toagenciesabouttheirperformanceandpressureforchange.

7/27/2019 58-1-5_Readings_Participatory_Performance_Monitoring.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/58-1-5readingsparticipatoryperformancemonitoringpdf 2/6

ANSA-EAPResearch&KnowledgeManagement  

Reader-LearnerReference:PublicFinanceManagement  

2

FilipinoReportCardonPro-PoorServices,ChapterVIII.InstitutionalizationoftheReportCard.(n.d.).RetrievedMarch12,2010,fromParticipationandCivicEngagement-TheWorld

Bank:http://siteresources.worldbank.org/

TheFilipinoReportCardonPro-PoorServicesassessestheperformanceofselected

governmentservicesbasedonclientexperience.Theseservicesarebasichealth,elementary

education,housing,potablewater,andfooddistribution.TheReportCardresultsthrowlight

ontheconstraintsFilipinosfaceinaccessingpublicservices,theirviewsaboutthequalityand

adequacyofservices,andtheresponsivenessofgovernmentofficials.Theyprovidevaluable

insightsontheprioritiesandproblemsfacedbytheclientsandhowthevariousservicesmaybe

bettertailoredtotheneedsofFilipinosingeneral,andthepoorinparticular.

ItisexpectedthattheserviceproviderswouldtaketheReportCardfindingsintoconsideration

inadjustingtheirprogramstoimproveservicedelivery.However,manypastassessmentsdid

nothavealastingimpactonservicedeliverybecausetheywereoftenone-shotexerciseswith

noeffectivemeanstofollowthrough.ItisnecessarytoimplementtheReportCardsurveysperiodicallyinordertoassesstheimprovementsinservicedeliveryfromabottom-up

perspective.Theincentivetorespondwithconcreteimprovementswouldbegreater,ifservice

providersknowtheywillbetrackedagain.Thus,thereisaneedtoinstitutionalizetheReport

Cardmechanismasanongoingprocesstoberepeatedperiodically(say,at12to18-month

intervals).

Sucharegularmechanismistimely,asenhancedaccountabilityofthestatetothepeople

(clients)hasbecomeanimportantareaofdevelopmentfocusinthepastdecade.Various

initiativeshavebeenunderwayonsuchrelatedaspectsascorruptionaswellasontheoverall

reformofthecivilservice.Further,thevitalroleofasociallyresponsibleprivatesectoranda

vibrantcivilsocietyaskeyactorsinenhancinggoodgovernanceandreducingpovertyisbeingincreasinglyrecognized.IntheaftermathofPeoplePowerII,thereisgeneralconsensusinthe

Philippinesthatcitizensmustcontinuetomonitorthegovernmenttoensureimproved

performanceandgreateraccountability.

Kajubi,G.D.(2005,March).SocialDevelopmentNotes-Participation&Civic

Engagement.RetrievedMarch12,2010,fromParticipation&CivicEngagement-TheWorld

Bank:http://siteresources.worldbank.org/

Monitoringandevaluatingtheeffectivenessofpovertystrategiesarecriticalelementsintheeffortstoachievesustainableandequitabledevelopment.UnderitsPovertyReduction

StrategicPapers(PRSP),Gambiahasoutlineditscommitmenttopromotingaccountability,

transparencyandeffectivenessthroughbroad-basedcommunityparticipationinmonitoring

andevaluation.Inlinewithitsbroaddevelopmentobjectives,thegovernmentofGambia,in

collaborationwiththeParticipationandCivicEngagementgroupofSocialDevelopment

Department,developedtheAccountabilityandParticipatoryMonitoringandEvaluation

7/27/2019 58-1-5_Readings_Participatory_Performance_Monitoring.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/58-1-5readingsparticipatoryperformancemonitoringpdf 3/6

ANSA-EAPResearch&KnowledgeManagement  

Reader-LearnerReference:PublicFinanceManagement  

3

Program,whichseekstobroadencitizens’capacity,createopportunityforcitizens’

participationandfeedbackonthequality,adequacyandefficiencyofkeyserviceslargely

throughtheCommunityScoreCard(CSC)process.

Njie,S.F.(2005,February).CommunityScoreCardinGambia.RetrievedMarch12,

2010,fromParticipation&CivicEngagement-TheWorldBank:

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/

Monitoringandevaluatingtheeffectivenessofpovertystrategiesarecriticalelementsinthe

effortstoachievesustainableandequitabledevelopment.UnderitsPovertyReduction

StrategicPapers(PRSP),Gambiaoutlineditscommitmenttopromotingaccountability,

transparencyandeffectivenessthroughbroad-basedcommunityparticipationinmonitoring

andevaluation.However,therearecriticalchallengesthatneedtobeaddressedinorderto

pursuethesegoalsmoreresolutelyandconsistently–includingtheneedtostrengthenthe

capacityofstakeholdersandenhancecitizenparticipation.

Inlinewithitsbroaddevelopmentobjectives,thegovernmentofGambiaincollaborationwith

theParticipationandCivicEngagementgroupofSocialDevelopmentDepartmentoftheWorld

Bank,developedtheAccountabilityandParticipatoryMonitoringandEvaluationProgram

whichseekstobroadencitizens’capacity,createopportunityforcitizens’participationand

feedbackonthequality,adequacyandefficiencyofkeyserviceslargelythroughtheCommunity

ScoreCard(CSC)process.TheCSCisacommunitybasedmonitoringtoolthatisahybridofthe

techniquesofsocialaudit,communitymonitoringandcitizenreportcards.Ithasastrongfocus

onempowermentandaccountabilityasitincludesaninterfacemeetingbetweenservice

providersandthecommunitythatallowsforimmediatefeedback.

TheCSCprocessinGambia,thoughapilotprogram,involved59publicschoolsand15health

services.Alargespectrumofstakeholdersparticipatedintheprocess-therewere

approximately3,500peoplefrom650townsandvillagesatthecommunitylevelincluding

teachers,pupils,healthworkersandcommunitymembers.

SwarnimWaglé,J.S.(2004,February).CitizenReportCardSurveys-ANoteonthe

ConceptandMethodology.RetrievedMarch12,2010,fromParticipation&CivicEnagement-

TheWorldBank:http://siteresources.worldbank.org/

Thisnoteprovidesashortsummaryoftheconceptandkeyphasesinvolvedinimplementinga

citizenreportcard(CRC)survey.CRCsareclientfeedbacksurveysthatprovideaquantitative

measureofuserperceptionsonthequality,efficiencyandadequacyofdifferentpublic

services.Theyhavebeenappliedtonumerouscontextsindifferentregions.Beyondtheprocess

ofexecutingasurvey,CRCsinvolveeffortsatdisseminationandinstitutionalizationthatmake

themeffectiveinstrumentstoexactpublicaccountability.

7/27/2019 58-1-5_Readings_Participatory_Performance_Monitoring.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/58-1-5readingsparticipatoryperformancemonitoringpdf 4/6

ANSA-EAPResearch&KnowledgeManagement  

Reader-LearnerReference:PublicFinanceManagement  

4

K.,S.P.(n.d.).CivicEngagementinPublicExpenditureManagement-CaseStudies:

India:ACitizen'sReportCardonKarnataka'sGovernance.RetrievedMarch12,2010,from

Participation&CivicEngagement-TheWorldBank:http://siteresources.worldbank.org/

PublicAffairsCentre(PAC)haspreparedareportcardonthestatusofgovernanceinKarnataka

forYear2000.Majorhighlightsofthestudyarediscussedbelow:

·CitizensinKarnatakahavegivenamixedverdictontheperformanceoftheStateGovernment

during2000.Thoughmostcitizenshavenotreportedanydeteriorationingovernance,onlya

smallsegmentreportsofimprovementsintheirinteractionswiththegovernment.

·Inrespectofessentialservices,thereiswidevariationintheperformanceoftheagencies.

Securityandhealthcarehavereceivedtheworstratingsfromthepeople.Drinkingwater,

educationandpublictransportseemhaveimprovedsomewhatmorerelativetotheseservices.

Agoodmajorityofthepeopleinallregionsareyettoexperienceasignificantimprovementin

mostoftheessentialservices.Corruptionisidentifiedasamajorareaofconcern,especiallyin

electricityandhealthservicesandacrosssectionofpublicservicesandregulatoryoffices.

Paul,S.(n.d.).MakingVoiceWork:TheReportCardonBangalore’sPublicServices.

RetrievedMarch12,2010,fromParticipation&CivicEngagement-TheWorldBank:

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/

Thispapernarrateshowa“reportcard”onpublicservicesintheIndiancityofBangalorewasusedbyseveralcivilsocietyinstitutionsbothtocreategreaterpublicawarenessaboutthepoor

performanceoftheirpublicserviceprovidersandtochallengethelattertobemoreefficient

andresponsivetotheircustomers.Thereportcardconsistedofasamplesurveyoftheusersof

thecity’sservices(bothrichandpoor)andaratingofthepublicagenciesintermsofpublic

satisfactionwithdifferentdimensionsoftheirservices.Publicfeedbackwasalsousedto

quantifytheextentofcorruptionandotherindirectcostsoftheservices.Theendresultwasan

assessmentofpublicservicesfromtheperspectiveofcitizens.

Thesurveywascompletedin1993,butthefollowupactivitiescontinuedforthenextthree

years,withtheactiveinvolvementofseveralcitizengroupsandnongovernmentalbodies

concernedabouttheseissues.Theinvolvementofthemediaindisseminatingthefindingsofthereportcard,theresponsesofpublicagenciestothereportcardandthejointinitiativesto

improveservicesbytheagenciesandcitizengroupsareamongthesubjectsdiscussedinthis

paper.SimilarreportcardshavesincebeenpreparedonseveralotherlargecitiesinIndia.

Themeasurementoftheimpactofthereportcardonchangesinthequalityand

responsivenessofserviceprovidersisnotaneasytask.Thepaperexaminestheproblems

involvedandprovidessomedatabywayofintermediateindicators.Thereissomeevidence

7/27/2019 58-1-5_Readings_Participatory_Performance_Monitoring.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/58-1-5readingsparticipatoryperformancemonitoringpdf 5/6

ANSA-EAPResearch&KnowledgeManagement  

Reader-LearnerReference:PublicFinanceManagement  

5

thatpublicawarenessoftheseproblemshasincreasedasaresultoftheexperiment.Civil

societyinstitutionsseemtobemoreactiveonthisfrontandtheirinteractionswithpublic

agencieshavebecomebetterorganized,purposiveandcontinuous.Asaresult,somepublic

agenciesinBangalorehavebeguntotakestepstoimprovetheirservices.Thepaperconcludes

thatpublicfeedback(“voice”)intheformofareportcardhasthepotentialtochallenge

governmentsandtheiragenciestobecomemoreefficientandresponsivetocustomers.

Shah,J.S.(n.d.).CommunityScoreCardProcess-AShortNoteontheGeneralMethodologyforImplementation.RetrievedMarch12,2010,fromParticipation&Civic

Engagement-TheWorldBank:http://siteresources.worldbank.org/

Thecommunityscorecard(CSC)processisacommunitybasedmonitoringtoolthatisahybrid

ofthetechniquesofsocialaudit,communitymonitoringandcitizenreportcards.Likethe

citizenreportcard,theCSCprocessisaninstrumenttoexactsocialandpublicaccountability

andresponsivenessfromserviceproviders2.However,byincludinganinterfacemeeting

betweenserviceprovidersandthecommunitythatallowsforimmediatefeedback,theprocess

isalsoastronginstrumentforempowermentaswell.

TheCSCprocessusesthe“community”asitsunitofanalysis,andisfocusedonmonitoringat

thelocal/facilitylevel.Itcanthereforefacilitatethemonitoringandperformanceevaluationof

services,projectsandevengovernmentadministrativeunits(likedistrictassemblies)bythe

communitythemselves.Sinceitisagrassrootsprocess,itisalsomorelikelytobeofuseina

ruralsetting.

Usingamethodologyofsolicitinguserperceptionsonquality,efficiencyandtransparency

similartocitizenreportcards,theCSCprocessallowsfor(a)trackingofinputsorexpenditures(e.g.availabilityofdrugs),(b)monitoringofthequalityofservices/projects,(c)generationof

benchmarkperformancecriteriathatcanbeusedinresourceallocationandbudgetdecisions,

(d)comparisonofperformanceacrossfacilities/districts,(e)generatingadirectfeedback

mechanismbetweenprovidersandusers,(f)buildinglocalcapacityand(g)strengthening

citizenvoiceandcommunityempowerment.

Aswithanyinstrumentofsocialandpublicaccountability,aneffectiveCSCundertaking

requiresaskilledcombinationoffourthings:i)understandingofthesocio-politicalcontextof

governanceandthestructureofpublicfinanceatadecentralizedlevel,ii)technical

competenceofanintermediarygrouptofacilitateprocess,iii)astrongpublicitycampaignto

ensuremaximumparticipationfromthecommunityandotherlocalstakeholders,andiv)steps

aimedatinstitutionalizingthepracticeforiterativecivicactions.

ThindwaJ.,E.J.(n.d.).CommunityBasedPerformanceMonitoring(CBPM):Empowering

andGivingVoicetoLocalCommunities.RetrievedMarch12,2010,fromInternational

ConferenceonEngagingCommunities:http://www.engagingcommunities2005.org/

7/27/2019 58-1-5_Readings_Participatory_Performance_Monitoring.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/58-1-5readingsparticipatoryperformancemonitoringpdf 6/6

ANSA-EAPResearch&KnowledgeManagement  

Reader-LearnerReference:PublicFinanceManagement  

6

ThepaperfirstpresentstheoriginsandattributesoftheCBPMapproachasamodifiedformof

theCommunityScoreCardProcess.TheCBPMmethodologyisoutlined,andtheexperiencesto

datewiththeCBPMapproachinTheGambiaandUgandaaredescribed.Thepaperreviewsa

numberofongoingstrategicandoperationallessonsandchallenges,andthepotentialfor

adaptationandscaling-upoftheCBPMapproach.InTheGambia,theapproachisbeing

broadenedgeographicallyandintermsofsectoralcoverage,andlinkedwithaconcurrentCitizenReportCardapproach.CBPMprogramssponsoredbyWorldVisionarenowbeing

plannedforUganda,Brazil,IndiaandTanzania.ThepaperconcludesthattheCommunityScore

Cardapproach,andthederivativeCBPMapproach,arepowerfulandflexibleinstrumentsto

promotesocialaccountabilityinthedeliveryofbasicservicestopoorcommunities,andthusto

improvetheachievementofpro-poordevelopmentoutcomes.