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5.2What are the factors affecting agricultural production?. Part A. They all come from agriculture. What is agriculture?. Where do these products come from?. Steak. Cotton swabs. Hide briefcase. Fruit salad. What is agriculture?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
5.25.2 What are theWhat are the factors affectingfactors affecting agriculturalagricultural production?production?
Part APart A
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
What is agriculture?
Cotton swabs
Fruit salad
Steak
Hide briefcase
Where do these
products come from?
Where do these
products come from?
They all come from agriculture.
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
What is agriculture?Agriculture refers to the growing of crops or rearing of livestock by people for ______ and ______________.
There are five ways to classify agriculture.
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
5 Level of technology
5 Level of technology
AgricultureAgriculture
food raw materials
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?What is agriculture?
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming High input and output per land area
Extensive farming Low input and output per land area
2 Types of output
Arable farming Crop growing
Livestock rearing/Pastoral farming
Animal raising
Mixed farming Crop growing and animal raising on the same farm
3 Uses of outputs
Subsistence farming For self-consumption
Commercial farming For sale
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?What is agriculture?
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming Farmers grow crops or raise livestock at a permanent land site
Non-sedentary farming Farmers move from time to time in search of suitable land or pasture
5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
Farming activity uses low technology and little energy
High-technology farming
Farming activity is specialized, highly mechanized and commercialized
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?
Let’s use the above criteria to classify the
following types of agriculture.
Let’s use the above criteria to classify the
following types of agriculture.
1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral farming
Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming
Shifting agriculture
(Credit: Mark Edwards/Still Pictures)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral farming
Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming
Nomadic herding
Nomadic herding in Kenya(Credit: Robin Hutton)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral farming
Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming
Wheat-sheep farming insouth-east Australia
(Credit: Nigel Dickinson/Still Pictures)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral farming
Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming
Rice cultivation in Indonesia
(Credit: Morton Beebe/Corbis)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral farming
Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming
Vegetable growing in greenhouses
(Credit: Biosphoto/Thiriet Claudius/Peter Arnold, Inc.)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
How to classify agriculture?1 Inputs-land ratio/Outputs-land ratio
Intensive farming
Extensive farming
2 Types of output
Arable farming
Livestock rearing/Pastoral farming
Mixed farming
3 Uses of output
Subsistence farming
Commercial farming
4 Permanence of farmland or pasture used
Sedentary farming
Non-sedentary farming
5 Level of technology
Low-technology farming
High-technology farming
Livestock rearing in South China
(Credit: Sun Rixaun/FOTOE)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
What is a farming system?A farm can be viewed as a system, which has _______, ___________ and ________.
inputsprocesses outputs
InputsInputs ProcessesProcesses OutputsOutputs
Self-consumptionSelf-consumption
MarketMarketCashCash
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
In Part B, we will examine the factors affecting agriculture.
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Inputs of a farming systemPhysical inputs
Arable farmingArable farming
Land (including soil)Land (including soil)
Seeds
Water
Climate (e.g. temperature, rainfall)Climate (e.g. temperature, rainfall)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Inputs of a farming systemPhysical inputs
Pastoral farmingPastoral farmingClimate (e.g. temperature, rainfall)Climate (e.g. temperature, rainfall)
Water
Livestock
Pasture
LandLand
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Inputs of a farming systemCultural inputs
LabourLabour Technology/CapitalTechnology/Capital
GovernmentGovernment
MarketMarket
TransportTransport
(Credit: Ng Kim Hung)
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Processes of a farming system
Ploughing
Sowing
Irrigating
Harvesting
Weeding, fertilizing and pest control
Arable farmingArable farming
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Processes of a farming system
Pastoral farmingPastoral farming
Sheep shearing
Breeding
Grazing
Milking, feeding and processing dairy products
© Oxford University Press 2009
Part 5 Combating famine―Is technology a panacea for food shortages?
Outputs of a farming system
Useful outputs
WheatWheatTomatoTomato
LettuceLettuce
BeefBeef
Useless outputs
Useless parts of crops and animal manure
Useless parts of crops and animal manure
Can you name a kind of waste which is harmful to the environment?
Can you name a kind of waste which is harmful to the environment?
SesameSesame