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50,000 miles from Britannia to 50,000 miles from Britannia to Tigris-EuphratesTigris-Euphrates
The Geography of RomeThe Geography of Rome
Italy in 750 BCEItaly in 750 BCE
Strengths of RomeStrengths of Rome Protected from Sea invasions (Geography) Located in the on a place on the Tiber River that was a
crossing for all therefore it was located in the middle of trade routes.
The Republic allowed for both flexibility and stability It allowed for input from all of the classes and it
changed with election instead of overthrowing the government (Laws later become government)
Every adult male citizen was obligated to serve in the army. Discipline was strict.
High morals acquired from the legions permeated throughout the Republic (Legions)
After conquering a people the Romans shared citizenship and thus political power with those conquered. (Just application of the Laws and Language)
The ideals of the legion were passed on through the family and the father known as the paterfamilias and their control of the agricultural economy on their small farms. These farmers were also known as citizen-farmers.
Influence of the Etruscans
Influence of the EtruscansWritingWriting
ReligionReligion
The Mythical Founding of Rome
Romulus & Remus
The Mythical Founding of Rome
Romulus & Remus
Republic Established 509 BCERepublic Established 509 BCE
• Rape of LucretiaRape of Lucretia
• Etruscan Tarqin monarchs Etruscan Tarqin monarchs overthrownoverthrown
• Assembly of Tribes (35)Assembly of Tribes (35)– 31 Rural Tribes31 Rural Tribes– 4 Urban Tribes4 Urban Tribes
Republican GovernmentRepublican Government
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
Compared Compared to USto US
Struggle of the OrdersStruggle of the Orders• PatriciansPatricians• PlebeiansPlebeians• Attempts to balance their power allows for the Attempts to balance their power allows for the
creation of thecreation of the– patrician class attempting to hold onto powerpatrician class attempting to hold onto power– plebeians trying to achieve social and political equalityplebeians trying to achieve social and political equality– patricians found could not to exist without the plebeianspatricians found could not to exist without the plebeians– plebeians produce the food and supply the labor that kept plebeians produce the food and supply the labor that kept
the Roman economy goingthe Roman economy going– supplied the soldiers for the Roman military.supplied the soldiers for the Roman military.– If the plebeians could act as a group, they could effectively If the plebeians could act as a group, they could effectively
shut down the Roman economy and militaryshut down the Roman economy and military– the latter was especially important since Rome was in the latter was especially important since Rome was in
continual military conflict during the age of the Republic. continual military conflict during the age of the Republic.
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
The Roman ForumThe Roman Forum
Rome’s Early Road System
Rome’s Early Road System
The Apian WayThe Apian Way
Roman AqueductsRoman Aqueducts
Circus MaximusCircus Maximus
Carthaginian EmpireCarthaginian Empire
Hannibal’s RouteHannibal’s Route
Reform LeadersReform Leaders
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus - the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.Military ReformerMilitary Reformer
Gaius Marius - recruited an army from the poor and homeless. - professional standing army.
PompeyPompey
Civil War & DictatorsCivil War & Dictators
Julius CaesarJulius Caesar
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BCE
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BCE
The Die is Cast!The Die is Cast!
The First Triumvirate
The First TriumvirateJulius Caesar
Becomes “First Counsul”
Never emperorSeizes powerDefeats Crassus and Pomey
Marcus Licinius CrassusGaius Magnus Pompey
Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE
Beware the Ides of March!44 BCE
The Second TriumvirateThe Second TriumvirateOctavian Augustus
First Emperor of RomeEstablishes the Roman Imperial period
Marc AntonyBattle of Actium
Marcus Lepidus
Octavian Augustus:Rome’s First EmperorOctavian Augustus:
Rome’s First Emperor
The First Roman Dynasty
The First Roman Dynasty
Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD
Pax Romana: 27 BC – 180 AD
The Roman ColiseumThe Roman Coliseum
The Coliseum InteriorThe Coliseum Interior
The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire –
14 AD
The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire –
14 AD
The Rise of ChristianityThe Rise of Christianity
St. Paul: Apostle to the
Gentiles
St. Paul: Apostle to the
Gentiles
The Spread of Christianity
The Spread of Christianity
Imperial Roman Road System
Imperial Roman Road System
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 ADDiocletian Splits the
Empire in Two: 294 AD
Constantine: 312 - 337Constantine: 312 - 337
Constantinople: The 2nd Rome
Founded in 330
Constantinople: The 2nd Rome
Founded in 330
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”
Attila the Hun:“The Scourge of God”
Byzantium: Eastern Roman
Fall of Rome in the West - 1453
Byzantium: Eastern Roman
Fall of Rome in the West - 1453
Hagia Sophia ca. 532-537
The Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of Justinian
The Byzantine EmpireDuring the Reign of Justinian
Byzantine Emperor Justinian
Byzantine Emperor Justinian
The Legacy of RomeThe Legacy of Rome• Republic GovernmentRepublic Government• Roman LawRoman Law• Latin LanguageLatin Language•Roman LegionsRoman Legions• Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church• City PlanningCity Planning• Romanesque Architectural StyleRomanesque Architectural Style• Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering
•AqueductsAqueducts•Keystone block in the archKeystone block in the arch•sewage systemssewage systems•DamsDams•cementcement
Trades routes correlate with growth of citiesTrades routes correlate with growth of cities