VOL. CLXIII . . . No. 56,478 © 2014 The New York Times NEW YORK, MONDAY, APRIL 21, 2014

Late EditionToday, mostly sunny, high 65. To-night, patchy clouds, low 49. To-morrow, some sun giving way toclouds, a shower late afternoon,high 68. Weather map, Page C8.

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This article is by Andrew Hig-gins, Michael R. Gordon and An-drew E. Kramer.

KIEV, Ukraine — For twoweeks, the mysteriously well-armed, professional gunmenknown as “green men” haveseized Ukrainian governmentsites in town after town, ignitinga brush fire of separatist unrestacross eastern Ukraine. Strenu-ous denials from the Kremlinhave closely followed each accu-sation by Ukrainian officials thatthe world was witnessing astealthy invasion by Russianforces.

Now, photographs and descrip-tions from eastern Ukraine en-dorsed by the Obama administra-tion on Sunday suggest thatmany of the green men are in-deed Russian military and intelli-gence forces — equipped in thesame fashion as Russian specialoperations troops involved in an-nexing the Crimea region in Feb-ruary. Some of the men photo-graphed in Ukraine have beenidentified in other photos clearlytaken among Russian troops inother settings.

And Ukraine’s state securityservice has identified one Rus-sian reported to be active amongthe green men as Igor IvanovichStrelkov, a Russian military intel-ligence operative in his mid- tolate 50s. He is said to have a long

résumé of undercover servicewith the Main Intelligence Direc-torate of the Russian generalstaff, most recently in Crimea inFebruary and March and now inand around the eastern Ukrain-ian city of Slovyansk.

“There has been broad unity inthe international communityabout the connection betweenRussia and some of the armedmilitants in eastern Ukraine, andthe photos presented by theUkrainians last week only furtherconfirm this, which is why U.S. of-ficials have continued to makethat case,” Jen Psaki, the StateDepartment spokeswoman, saidSunday.

The question of Russia’s role ineastern Ukraine has a criticalbearing on the agreementreached Thursday in Genevaamong Russian, Ukrainian,American and European diplo-mats to ease the crisis. Americanofficials have said that Russiawould be held responsible for en-suring that the Ukrainian gov-ernment buildings were vacated,and that it could face new sanc-tions if the terms were not met.

The Kremlin insists that Rus-sian forces are in no way in-volved, and that Mr. Strelkovdoes not even exist, at least notas a Russian operative sent toUkraine with orders to stir up

Photos Link Masked Men

In East Ukraine to Russia

The Kremlin Issues Denials as Well-Armed

Troops Seize Government Sites

Continued on Page A6

By TRIP GABRIEL

TWIN BRANCH, W.Va. — When peo-ple visit with friends and neighbors insouthern West Virginia, where pavedroads give way to dirt before windingsteeply up wooded hollows, the talk isoften of lives that never got off the ground.

“How’s John boy?” Sabrina Shrader,30, a former neighbor, asked Marie Boldenone cold winter day at what Ms. Boldencalls her “little shanty by the tracks.”

“He had another seizure the othernight,” Ms. Bolden, 50, said of her son,John McCall, a former classmate of Ms.Shrader’s. John got caught up in the dark

undertow of drugs that defines life for somany here in McDowell County, almostdied of an overdose in 2007, and now liveson disability payments. His brother, Don-ald, recently released from prison, is un-employed and essentially homeless.

“It’s like he’s in a hole with no wayout,” Ms. Bolden said of Donald as shedrizzled honey on a homemade biscuit inher tidy kitchen. “The other day he camein and said, ‘Ain’t that a shame: I’m 30

years old and carrying my life around in abackpack.’ It broke my heart.”

McDowell County, the poorest in WestVirginia, has been emblematic of en-trenched American poverty for more thana half-century. John F. Kennedy cam-paigned here in 1960 and was so appalledthat he promised to send help if electedpresident. His first executive order creat-ed the modern food stamp program,whose first recipients were McDowellCounty residents. When President LyndonB. Johnson declared “unconditional waron poverty” in 1964, it was the squalor ofAppalachia he had in mind. The federal

TRAVIS DOVE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Emalee Short played with her dog outside her grandparents’ home in Hensley, W.Va., in long-struggling McDowell County.

50 Years Later, Hardship Hits Back

Poorest Counties Are Still Losing in War on Want

CAUGHT IN POVERTY

Appalachia’s Burden

Continued on Page A12

This article is by Choe Sang-Hun, Kirk Semple and Su-HyunLee.

JINDO, South Korea — Of allthe images from the loss of a fer-ry in the cold waters off thesouthwest coast of South Korealast week, perhaps none has an-gered South Koreans more thanthat of the captain, an orange lifevest strapped to his torso, awk-wardly stepping off his half-sub-merged vessel to the safety of arescue boat, even as hundreds ofhis passengers remained trappedinside.

The captain, Lee Jun-seok, 69,has yet to explain publicly whyhe abandoned the ship with peo-ple aboard — an apparent vio-lation of maritime protocol, if notthe law — as it sunk beneath thewaves.

But a portrait of the ship’s lastvoyage is emerging from crewmembers, survivors and a tran-script of the vessel’s final 40 min-utes of communications withemergency dispatchers on shore.It is a scene of rapidly buildingchaos in which the captain andhis crew faced a series of toughchoices, questionable decisionsand mechanical failures — in-cluding the apparent loss of the

Errors Mounted

As Chaos Ruled

Capsizing Ferry

CHUNG SUNG-JUN/GETTY IMAGES

The Coast Guard of South Korea carried a victim of the ferrydisaster on Sunday. Sixty-one people are confirmed dead.

Continued on Page A8

By CARLOTTA GALLand JAMES GLANZ

SAYADA, Tunisia — This Medi-terranean fishing town, with itslow, whitewashed buildings andsleepy port, is an unlikely spot foran experiment in rewiring theglobal Internet. But residentshere have a surprising level ofdigital savvy and sharp memo-ries of how the Internet can bemisused.

A group of academics and com-puter enthusiasts who took partin the 2011 uprising in Tunisiathat overthrew a governmentdeeply invested in digital surveil-lance have helped their town be-come a test case for an alterna-tive: a physically separate, localnetwork made up of cleverly pro-grammed antennas scatteredabout on rooftops.

The State Department pro-vided $2.8 million to a team ofAmerican hackers, communityactivists and software geeks todevelop the system, called amesh network, as a way for dis-sidents abroad to communicatemore freely and securely thanthey can on the open Internet.One target that is sure to start de-

U.S. Promotes

Network to Foil

Digital Spying

Continued on Page A3

By RANDY KENNEDY

Glenn D. Lowry, who will soonbegin his 20th year running theMuseum of Modern Art, has alongstanding practice of takingtime each week to visit artists’studios. Which is why he could befound one recent morning alongthe Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn,watching the glass-blowingsculptor Josiah McElheny andassistants fashion a vessel frommolten lumps, a process almostElizabethan in its rituals.

“It’s one of the most amazingthings I’ve ever seen,” Mr. Lowrysaid. “It’s balletic, the way theymove and work together.”

During his ambitious tenure atthe museum’s helm, Mr. Lowryhas choreographed a highly com-plex ballet of his own, one that

has not always gone as smoothly.The most visible, and often mostdivisive, part of this dance has in-volved real estate, the museum’sfrequent moves to carve spacefor itself from the dense heart ofMidtown.

And its latest expansion, whichbegins Tuesday with the firststage of the controversial demoli-tion of its architecturally distinc-tive neighbor, the former Ameri-can Folk Art Museum, hasbrought to a boil many long-sim-mering complaints from art crit-ics, artists, architects and pa-trons not only about the mu-seum’s overall direction but alsoabout its director.

As the number of visitors hasmore than doubled during Mr.Lowry’s tenure — to almost threemillion annually — there havebeen complaints from veteran pa-

trons that the museum hasgrown too fast and lost much ofits soul in courting the crowd.

Mr. Lowry is himself some-times personally blamed for themuseum’s image as a place thathas become cold and corporate,that exercises its power tooblithely and that is often out oftouch with the sensibilities ofcontemporary artists. And withinthe museum, his forceful reshap-ing of a once-balkanized museumknown for its powerful chief cu-rators has resulted in complaintsthat the director has consolidatedtoo much power around himself,sometimes making it difficult forcurators to organize shows theythink are important.

Over several hours of inter-views recently, Mr. Lowry, 59, byturns resolute, reflective and cau-

MoMA’s Expansion and Director Draw Critics

RICHARD PERRY/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Glenn D. Lowry, director of the Museum of Modern Art, overlooking the sculpture garden.

Continued on Page A18

By MICHAEL BARBARO

As it sought to recruit well-heeled investors, an untested andunprofitable Miami companynamed InnoVida brought aboarda trusted Florida figure in 2007:Jeb Bush, the former governorand the brother of a sitting presi-dent.

For potential stockholders, theimprimatur of Mr. Bush, whojoined InnoVida as a paid con-sultant and a member of theboard of directors, conferredcredibility on the young start-up.

That credibility did not lastlong. It turned out that the lead-ers of InnoVida, a manufacturerof inexpensive building materi-als, had faked documents, liedabout the health of the businessand misappropriated $40 millionin company funds, records show.The company went bankrupt in2011, its founder eventually wentto jail and investors lost nearly allof their money.

Mr. Bush left public office sev-en years ago with a net worth of$1.3 million and an unapologeticdetermination to expand hiswealth, telling friends that his fi-nances had suffered during histime in government.

But his efforts to capitalize onhis résumé and reputation havethrust him into situations thatmay prove challenging to explainshould he mount a Republicancampaign for the White House.Records and interviews show, forexample, that Mr. Bush partici-pated in the fevered, last-ditch ef-forts to prop up Lehman Broth-

Jeb Bush’s Rush

To Make Money

May Be Hurdle

Continued on Page A14

An eruption of violent rivalries and in-ternal disputes among factions of thePakistani Taliban threatens to derailany hope of a peace agreement with thegovernment. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-10

Taliban Split Hurts TalksOnce again, San Bernardino wants todig itself out of bankruptcy by stoppingrequired contributions to California’sstate pension system. PAGE A11

NATIONAL A11-14

A Renewed Pension FightRubin Carter, a prizefighter known asthe Hurricane, became an internationalcause célèbre during the 19 years thathe was imprisoned for a murder convic-tion, which was eventually overturned.He continued to promote others’ exon-eration cases until the final months ofhis life, andhis story be-came thesubject of a1999 moviestarringDenzelWashington.

PAGE A22

OBITUARIES A19, 22

Hurricane Carter Dies at 76Drought and wildlife rules are forcingfarmers in California to look for ways toget the water they need. Meanwhile,food prices are rising. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-7

Looking for Water, EverywhereThe waterfronts of Brooklyn andQueens, which are home to a growingpopulation of millennials and less afflu-ent New Yorkers, are currently under-served by public transit. Perhaps a dif-ferent system of transportation is in or-der. A Critic’s Notebook by MichaelKimmelman. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-7

Hitching Hopes to a Streetcar

After an avalanche caused Mount Ever-est’s deadliest single-day disaster, Sher-pa guides are rethinking the risks theytake for affluent clients. PAGE A4

Sherpas Take 2nd Look at Risks

In Gabriel García Márquez’s hometown,residents reflect on his impact on theplace he helped mythologize. PAGE A10

In the Hometown of Solitude

Black female soldiers say rules againsttwists, dreadlocks and large cornrowsbetray a lack of understanding. PAGE A11

Army’s Hairstyle Ban Rankles

The Rangers took a 2-0 lead against theFlyers but could not score on Ray Em-ery again in a 4-2 Game 2 loss. PAGE D1

SPORTSMONDAY D1-7

Rangers’ Lead Vanishes

Court cases in the United States shedlight on the middlemen in gas deals be-tween Ukraine and Russia. PAGE B1

Ukraine Gas Deals Scrutinized

Bishop Ford Central Catholic HighSchool abruptly announced that thisschool year would be its last. PAGE A15

NEW YORK A15-18

Brooklyn School to Close

Paul Krugman PAGE A21

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A20-21

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