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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
RF & Microwave Tubes
Chung, Bo-Hyun
EMTech Co., Ltd.
Electro Magnetic Technology
(High Power Klystron)
Korea Accelerator & Plasma Research AssociationPhysico-Technology Laboratory
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Contents
Microwave tubes- RF & Microwave
- Design Parameters- Comparison of Tubes
Klystron- Definition
- Principle of Operation & System Configuration
Applications
KAPRA Klystron
Infra structure
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
RF & Microwave
http://www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000166#sect ion5
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
RF & Microwave
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
RF & Microwave
Skin Effect
Coaxial Lines and Waveguides
Modes
- Transverse Magnetic- Transverse Electric
Transmission-Line Effects- Smith Chart- Impedance Matching
Resonant Cavities
(x, y, z) = (azimuth, radial, axis)
0 = No Field change
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Vacuum
http://www.lightsources.org/cms/?pid=1000166#section5
Unit (Torr, mbar,)
Gas Density andMean Free Path Length
Pumping Techniques
Vacuum MeasuringTechniques (Gauge)
Microwave Tube Materials
Fabrication Techniques
RV
Operating PressurePumps
Gauge Operating Pressure
MV HV UHV
Pressure[Torr]
Use Oil
Use Oil
Vapor
He, Ar
Remarks
Abs. Prss.
Abs. Prss.
Remarks
Oxidation
Oxidation
Partial Prss.
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Magnetic Focusing
Electromagnets
Solenoids
Permanent Magnets
DiamagnetismParamagnetism
Ferromagnetism
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Cathode
Thermionic EmissionSchottky Effect
Field Emission
Space-Charge Effect
Thermionic CathodesDispenser Cathodes
Surface Physics
Secondary Emission
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Power/Frequency Performances of State-of-the-Art Microwave Tubes
Referred to TED(THALES Electron Devices)
RF & Microwave Tubes
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
AM RADIO SHORTWAVE RADIO ACCELERATORS
Arc Transmitters Triodes, Tetrodes RADARFew Tubes COMMUNICATIONS
UHF TELEVISION
FUSION
Klystron Oscillators
Magnetrons
Power Klystrons
TWTs
Gyrotrons
1920 1940 2000
RF sources and applications in the 20th century
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Linear Beam Tubes
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
The Tree of Crossed-Field Tubes
Crossed-Field Tubes
Distributed-Emission Tubes Injected-Beam Tubes
Magnetron Crossed-Field Amp. Voltage-Tunable Magnetron
MBWO Carcinotron
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Crossed-Field vs. Linear Beam
B
E
Electron Beam : E BX
Crossed-Field
Linear Beam (O-type)
E Electron Beam
B
Cf) M-type :Tubes for propagation
of waves in a magnetic field
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Fast-Wave Electron Tubes
Fast wave tubes
Ubitron(the related free-electron laser)
Peniotron Gyrotron
Gyro
monotron
Gyro
TWT
Gyro
Klystron
Gyro
magnetron
Gyro
Twystron
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
SourceMagnetron Klystron Amp. TWT Gyrotron
physical variable
Frequency range CW 1.5~25 0.5~40 3~40 30~300
(GHz) Pulse 1.5~25 0.5~50 3~40 30~300
Power level CW 0.005 @ 3 1 @ 3 0.006 @ 3 0.2 @ 30
(MW@GHz) Pulse 4 @ 3 80 @ 3 0.5 @ 3 1 @ 30
Phase stabilityCW Good Excellent Good Poor
Pulse Poor Excellent Good Poor
Amplitude stabilityCW Good Excellent Good Fair
Pulse Poor Excellent Good Fair
Noise levelCW Good Excellent Good Poor
Pulse Poor Excellent Good Poor
Major Application
CW Industrial Appl. Space Tele Communication Plasma Heating
Pulseshort Radar ptl. Accelerator Radar Radar
long Plasma Heating Plasma Heating Radar Plasma Heating
Tube structure Simple Complex Medium Complex
Comparison of Microwave Source Characters
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Klystron
klystron is a kind of linear-beam vacuum tube and used as an amplifier of RF waves. When anaccelerated electron beam is modulated by RF signals, bunches of electrons repeating cohesion
and dispersion in electron density occurs at the input frequency. During this process, input signal
is amplified by converting the kinetic energy of electron beam into RF power.
The word klystron is a compound word of Greek word klyzomeaning wave and suffix
tronreffering to an elementary particle.
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Klystron
Heater
P/SIntermediate CavityInput Cavity Output Cavity
Electromagnet
Collector
Cathode
Insulator
Cathode
Electron Beam
Heater
P/SIntermediate CavityInput Cavity Output Cavity
Electromagnet
Collector
Cathode
Insulator
Cathode
Electron Beam
Bunching Process (Current Modulation)
Repeating process : Acceleration -> No Energy Change -> Deceleration
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Klystron System
1. Electron Gun
2. RF Structure
3. Focusing Magnet
4. Collector
Oil Tank
Heater P/S
RF Input
RF Output
Magnet P/S
Magnet Cooling
Radiation Shielding
Anode P/S
Energy
Recover
System
Cooling System
1. Electron Gun
2. RF Structure
3. Focusing Magnet
4. Collector
Oil Tank
Heater P/S
RF Input
RF Output
Magnet P/S
Magnet Cooling
Radiation Shielding
Anode P/S
Energy
Recover
System
Cooling System
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Klystron Process
Cathode Assy.
Cathode Base Assy.
Ceramic Seal Assy.
Housing Assy.
Pumping Assy.
Input Section Assy.
RF Gain Section Assy.
Output Section Assy.
Magnet Assy.
Magnet Surpport Assy.
Pole Plate Assy.
Main Collector Assy.
Overall Design
Detail Design
Component Drawing
Component Machining
Subassemblies
Klystron Assy.
Klystron Ability Test
Poisson/ Superfish Code
Egun Code
FCI Code
1st Cathode Firing
2nd Cathode Firing
Brazing & TIG Welding
Soft Baking
Cathode Assy.
Cathode Base Assy.
Ceramic Seal Assy.
Housing Assy.
Pumping Assy.
Input Section Assy.
RF Gain Section Assy.
Output Section Assy.
Magnet Assy.
Magnet Surpport Assy.
Pole Plate Assy.
Main Collector Assy.
Overall Design
Detail Design
Component Drawing
Component Machining
Subassemblies
Klystron Assy.
Klystron Ability Test
Poisson/ Superfish Code
Egun Code
FCI Code
1st Cathode Firing
2nd Cathode Firing
Brazing & TIG Welding
Soft Baking
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Typhoon AnnihilationTyphoon AnnihilationTyphoon AnnihilationTyphoon AnnihilationHigh Power AntennaHigh Power AntennaHigh Power AntennaHigh Power Antenna
RadarRadarRadarRadarAircraft Radio TransmissionAircraft Radio TransmissionAircraft Radio TransmissionAircraft Radio TransmissionParticle AcceleratorParticle AcceleratorParticle AcceleratorParticle Accelerator
ApplicationsApplications
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Parameters of Klystron Amplifier
Introduction
Operating Frequency (MHz) 700
Output RF Power (kW) 1,000 (CW)
Anode Voltage (kV) 95
Modulating Anode Voltage (kV) 51Beam Current (A) 16.6
Efficiency (%) ~ 60
Power Gain (dB) 43 (minimum)
Focusing Field (Gauss) ~250
Bandwidth (MHz) +/- 1.5 (-1 dB)Number of Cavities 6
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Gun
Magnet
Collector
Output
Circuit
Window
RF Structure
1 m
Overall Layout
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
700MHz, 1MW & CW Klystron
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Baking FurnaceBaking Furnace
Power SupplyPower Supply
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
1st Cooling
Di-water: MEG = 5:5Baking
Furnace
Heat
Exchanger
Cooling
Tower
distributor
PumpFilterPump
Filter
Tank
2nd Cooling
water: MEG = 5:5
MEG: MonoEthyleneGlycolCooling Capacity
500,000kcal/Hr (125RT)
Baking Furnace Cooling SystemBaking Furnace Cooling System
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Infra structure (Tool & System)Infra structure (Tool & System)
Pinch off tool (Cold welder)Klystron Pumping SystemGun firing System
Quartz Bell-jar
TMP
TMP
Cryo pump
Ion Pump
Tee
Residual Gas Analyzer
Data Acquisition system
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Infra structure (Test Machine)Infra structure (Test Machine)
Surface roughness
He leak detect station
Vacuum test station
Tuning test (Network Analyzer)
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Infra structure (Measuring Devices)Infra structure (Measuring Devices)
Network Analyzer
RF AMP
RF Power meter
RF Generator
Pyro-meter
RF matching box
(-50~1000) (600~3000)
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
Infra structure (Subsidiary Facilities)Infra structure (Subsidiary Facilities)
Monitoring system
Chiller
3RT 15RT
UPSClean Booth (Class: 10,000)
RF Power Dummy
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40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
40th Anniversary of the Korean Nuclear Society& Spring Meeting Jeju, Korea, May 18~23, 2009
KAPRAEMTECH
1MW Generator1MW Generator
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Q & AQ & AThank you For your attentionThank you For your attention
EMTECHEMTECH 2009.05.2009.05.
PTL / KAPRA