5. Guido Spars

PROF. DR. GUIDO SPARS

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Back to the City – An international

Perspective

Prof. Dr. Guido Spars

Utrecht, May 14th 2014

Woningbouw Dag 2014:


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Agenda:

• Urban Age: two perspectives • 3 types of Re-Urbanization • European examples • Economic drivers • Quality aspects • Outlook


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Urban Age:

Two international perspectives

1. Urbanization in the south of the world, Migration and Megacities

2. Re-Urbanization in cities of the European and Atlantic regions


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1. World population: intense increase in cities • 1975: 179 Megacities , 2005: over 400 Megacities! • In 2005 about 21 metropolitan areas with more than 10 Mio. people

(in 1975 only 3) • Most of them in Africa & Asia

Population in Cities

Population in rural areas UN Population Division, DBR 2008

Population in billions


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2. Re-Urbanization in European cities: 3 Types of Re-Urbanisation

Based on: Herfert,

Osterhage 2012

+

-


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2. Re-Urbanization in 24 Swiss cities: Population growth rate in 24 city regions in Switzerland, 1980‐2008

Type 1

Rerat 2010


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2. Re-Urbanization in 18 German cities: Population growth in German cities from 1998 to 2009

5 cities in the north-west 7 cities in the east 6 cities in the south

Inner city, core Edge of inner city Suburbs total

BBSR 2011

Type 1 Type1 Type 2 +3


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2. Re-Urbanization in European cities:

• empirical survey of 15 German cities: • development like a ´cascade‘: • immigrants (also from other cities in Germany)

moved to the inner cities (gateway-function) • immigrants are young people from 18-30 years • this group has risen about 48% in the inner cities

from 2002-2008 (rejuvenation) • long-time residents moved to the outer districts • the outer districts lost population to the suburbs

Jessen et al. 2012, BBSR: IRB-Cities 2012


9 Haase et al. 2010

2. Re-Urbanization in Leipzig, Bologna, León, Ljubljana:

Drivers of Re-Urba-nization as a share of total population in case study areas (households who moved into the case study areas within the last 5 years)


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Economic drivers of the Re-Urbanization • economic structural change: rising of the knowledge-

intensive economy • importance of tacit knowledge (face-to-face) • erosion of normal working and living conditions • more and more globalised and flexibilized society • but: need of „homebase“, need of relocalization of

people and functions (glocalisation!) • need of complex spaces of options and spill over effects

(social infrastructures, services, communication, information)

Cities become more important


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Qualitative aspects of Re-Urbanization • Re-Urbanization means also a qualitative change • proximity of working and living • urban milieu: atmosphere, inspiration, non-routine

production and consumption • big city development projects (housing, event culture,

retail, public spaces, gastronomy) • development of inner city mixed-use quarter • quality of public space, multifarious culture + leisure

time facilities, short ways, public transport etc. Soft factors become more important


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Target groups of Re-Urbanization: Reurbanites

• young urban professionals, creative class • education oriented people • best ager / silver ager (active livestyle with options and

short ways) • city oriented families • immigrants from all demographic groups


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Stability of the Re-Urbanization trend?

• the economic processes behind the Re-Urbanization are ongoing

• also immigration will be a ongoing phenomenon • certainly the trend of Suburbanisation is still going on • it will not be possible to satisfy all people who want to

live in the city! • Scarcity of land and space • High prices, gentrification

good planning /governance: managing the parallel and complementary process of urban sprawl and Re-Urbanization


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Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit!

[email protected]

Thank you for your attention!

[email protected]

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5. Guido Spars