5. Erikson.ppt

7/28/2019 5. Erikson.ppt

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Erik Erikson

Personal and Social Development


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Develop comprehensive theory describing

individuals development throughout theirlife span

Integrates personal, emotional and socialdevelopment and psychology


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Describe the time that an individual

experiences a psychological challenge ascrisis closely related to social

relationships, the set of critical issues that

individual must address through eachstage of the eight life stages


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People in general have the same basic

needs

Personal development occurs in response

to these needs

Development proceeds in stages


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Movement through the stages reflects

changes in an individuals motivation

Each stage is characterized by a

psychosocial challenge that presentsopportunities for development


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Stages of Development


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1. Trust vs Mistrust Birth -1 year

2. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt 1- 3 year

8. Integrity vs Despair Old age

7. Generativity vs Stagnation Middle Adulthood

6. Intimacy vs Isolation Young Adulthood

5. Identity vs Confusion Adolescence 12-18 years

4. Industry vs Inferiority Middle Childhood

6-12 years

3. Initiative vs Guilt Early Childhood 3-6 years


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Trust vs Mistrust (Birth to 1 Year)

Develop a sense of trust or confidence

Mother- important person in the childs

world

Must satisfy the infants need for food and

affection

Mothers behaviour creates a sense oftrust


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An infant receiving good consistent good

care from parents

Support and bonding

Is this world a trustworthy place?


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Autonomy vs Shame (1- 3 years)

Doing things on their own terrible twos

Desires for power and independence

Learn to feed and dress themselves andtoilet training begins

Parents must let children explore freely

and do things for themselves


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Autonomy vs Shame (1- 3 years)

Over restricted parents/caregivers can let

children to doubt their abilities

Can lead to lack of confidence,

incompetent and powerlessness

Am I doing things I am ready for?


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Initiative vs Guilt (3-6 years)

Charaterized by an exploratory andinvestigate attitudefrom physical andsocial environment

A growing sense of initiative which can beencouraged parents, family members

and caregivers

Am I doing things independently andresponsibly?


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Industry vs Inferiority (6-12 years)

Entry into school

Teacher and peers are important

Make things, success bring with a senseof industry, good feeling about oneself and

ones abilities

Failure creates a negative self-image, asense of inadequacy that hinder future

learning


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Industry vs Inferiority (6-12 years)

Am I good at what I am learning to do?


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Identity vs Role confusion (12 -18

years)

Major physical, intellectual and emotional

changes

Identity Who Am I? What will I be?

Identity crisis the feeling of uncertainty

about who one is.

Increasing independence Adolescence is a time of change


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Adolesence

Puberty physiological changes

Cognitive application of formal

operations

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Aware of their limitation in reasoning


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Development

Identity development appearance of

reflectivity tendency to think about what

is going on in ones own mind and to study

oneself

Look more closely at themselves and to

define themselves


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Development

As companions to have fun

A sense of security

Cognitive resources when they teach or

model specific intellectual skills


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Adolesence

Self concept physical appearance

Friendship more with peers social

status and peer crowds

Emotional development conflicts

Fears, guilt, frustration, jealousy, anger

are natural part of growing up Adolescent suicide


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Problems

Emotional disorders depressed,

hopeless (Needs help)

Bullying

Dropping out

Drug and alcohol abuse

Delinquency Risk of pregnancy


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Intimacy vs Isolation (Young

Adulthood)

Individuals wrestle with personal

relationships

Partner in friendship, competition and

cooperation

Who does not seek out such intimacy may

retreat into isolation

Am I able to commit myself?


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Generativity vs Stagnation (Middle

Adulthood)

The key characteristics of generativity are

creativity, production and concern all the

commitment to guiding the next generation

Do I have anything worthwhile to

contribute to this world and to the younger

generation?


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Contribute to the betterment of society by

working for principles such as a cleanphysical environment and adherence to

the principles of freedom and dignity for

individuals


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Integrity vs Despair (Old age)

Accept themselves, realization that ones

life has been ones responsibility

A person filled with regret for things done

or left undone, worried that there is no

turning back and that time is running out,

experience despair

Have I lived a fulfilling life?

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5. Erikson.ppt