-
7/21/2019 4.Geometriuli Stilis Keramika
1/4
N6.1. geometriuli stilis keramika
geometriuli stilis ganviTareba axali etapia berZnuli larnakebis
ferweraSi, rodesac
kreta-mikenuri tradiciuli repertuari (naturalisturad gadmocemuli
mcenareuli zRvis
samyaros ora da fauna! Seicvala wminda geometriuli saxeebiT,
rogoricaa meandrebi,
samkuTxedebi da sxva geometriuli motivebi"
geometriuli stilis keramikis Sesaxeb specialur samecniero
literaturaSi azrTa
sxvadasxvaobaa" mkvlevarTa erTi nawili uaryofs am keramikis
yovelgvar genetikur
kavSirs winamorbedi xanis egeosur (e"w" kreta-mikenur! kulturul
tradiciebTan da mas
#rdiloeTidan Semo$rili berZnuli tomebis % dorielebis motanilad
Tvlis" meore nawili
specialistebisa amtkicebs, rom dorielTa Semosevas ar Seusrulebia
gadamwyveti roli
axali mxatvruli stilis #amoyalibebaSi da rom geometriuli stilis
keramika ganviTarda
adgilobrivi sayofacxovrebo da uxeSi keramikisagan, romelic
arsebobda &er kidev kreta-
mikenur xanaSi mxatvrul keramikasTan erTad" mkvlevarTa erTi
nawili Tvlis, rom
geometriuli stilis keramika warmoiSva 'kreta-mikenuri'
tradiciebis, adgilobrivi
keramikisa da doriuli mxatvruli nakadis urTierTSerwymis Sedegad"
unda aRiniSnos,
rom am kompromisul Teorias uaxles specialur literaturaSi Zalze
skeptikurad uyureben,
miT ufro, rom ukanasknel xanebSi Zlierdeba tendencia dorielTa
mxatvruli kulturisa da
misi gavlenis rolis gadasin&visa" mkvlevarTa azriT, es
gavlena metad umniSvnelo unda
yoliyo, miT ufro geometriuli stilis keramikis #amoyalibebaSi
(xazgasmulia is fa)ti,rom geometriuli stili gansakuTrebiT
ganviTarda aTenSi, romelsac ar ganucdia dorielTa
Semoseva!" axali aRmo#enebisa da gamokvlevebis safuZvelze
varaudoben, rom
geometriuli stilis keramika adgilobriv niadagzea ganviTarebuli
da a) didi roli
egeosurma (kreta, mikeni! kulturulma tradiciebma Seasrules" am
epo)aSi keramikuli
mxatvrobis arsebiTi gansxvaveba egeosurisagan SemdegSi
mdgomareobs* kretuli
keramikuli nawarmis ZiriTadi Tavisebureba is aris, rom is Tavad
cocxali arsebis
STabe$dilebas axdens, minosuri nawarmis nimuSebi TiT)os #ven
Tvalwin izrdeba da
pataravdeba, ibereba da i#uteba" geometriuli $ur$eli ki pirvel
rigSi aRi)meba rogorc
konstru)cia" is Sedgeba calkeuli nawilebisagan, romelTagan
TiToeuli Tavis garkveul
te)tonikur fun)cias asrulebs" Tuki kretuli keramika ufro
mcenares an zRvis arsebas
mogvagonebs, geometriuli ufro nagebobas, uZrav konstru)cias
#amogavs" kretuli
Tavisi formiTa da xasiaTiT TiT)os erwymis garemos, geometriuli
ki #aketil, izolirebil
guras warmoadgens"
+
-
7/21/2019 4.Geometriuli Stilis Keramika
2/4
protogeometriuli stilis keramika
Zv"w" aTaswleulis dasasrulidan Zv"w" s-is Sua xanebamde
saberZneTSi
gavrcelebulia e"w" geometriuli stilis keramika" am tipis
keramikis ganviTarebaSi or
ZiriTad periods gamoyofen" pirveli moicavs Zv" w" .-. ss" da
protogeometriulis
saxeliTaa cnobili" am dros ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia sada formis
da mcire zomis
yoveldRiuri sao&axo keramika, romelic tipologiuri
TvalsazrisiT sakmaod erTferovania
(dabal)usliani Tasebi, mucelgamoberili surebi, amforebi da
/idriebi!" aRniSnuli $ur$lis
Semkulobac sakmaod sadaa* $ur$lis kedlebi yavisferi lakiT
sartylebadaa dayoli, xolo
lakiT daufaravi nawilebi Sevsebulia texili xazebiT, wertilebiT
da wreebiT (isini agreTve
yavisferi lakiTaa gamoyvanili!" protogeometriuli keramika
#arxzea nakeTebi, rac
winamorbedi xanis (e"w" kreta-mikenis epo)is! kulturul
memkvidreobadaa mi#neuli"
aRniSnuli keramika saberZneTis ramdenime centrSi mzaddeboda
(Tesalia, argolda,
kreta, atika!" Zv"w" . saukunidan protogeometriuli keramika
icvleba 'namdvili'
geometriuli stilis keramikiT"
"namdvili" geometriuli stilis keramika
Zv"w" . saukunidan protogeometriuli keramika icvleba 'namdvili'
geometriuli
stilis keramikiT" amasTan erTad #ndeba keramikuli warmoebis
axali centrebi (argosi,
sikioni, sparta, beotia, fere, melosi!, romelTa nawarmi,
miuxedavad mTeli rigi arsebiTi
niSnebisa, zogierTi detalebiT ganir#eva erTmaneTisagan da
garkveuli individualobiT
xasiaTdeba" gansakuTrebiT did ayvavebas geometriuli stilis
keramikam aTenSi (da
saerTod atikaSi! miaRwia"
geometriuli stilis keramikis ayvavebis xanad Zv"w" . s",
gansakuTrebiT ki Zv" w"
s-is pirveli naxevaria mi#neuli" am drois $ur$eli formebis
mixedviT Zalze
mravalferovania* amforebi da kraterebi (upiratesad wagrZelebuli
proporciebisa!,sxvadasxvagvari surebi, oinoxoebi, kilikebi,
skifosebi, pi)sidebi da sxv" zogierTi
$ur$lis yuri guruladaa gaformebuli (sxvadasxva cxovelisa Tu
frinvelis gamosaxulebis
saxiT!" yoveldRiuri, sayofacxovrebo keramikis gverdiT am dros
gvxvdeba agreTve
sanelsacxeble miniaturuli $ur$lebi da uzarmazari (zog&er
adamianis simaRlis!
$ur$lebic, romelTac micvalebulis samarxze dasadgmelad
amzadebdnen"
0
-
7/21/2019 4.Geometriuli Stilis Keramika
3/4
geometriuli stilis keramika gamoir#eva maRali te)nikuri
TvisebebiT (daxvewili
formebi, kargad gacrili da damuSavebuli Tixa, Tanabrad
gamomwvari keci, maRali
xarisxis laki!" $ur$lebis Semkulobac, protogeometriulTan
SedarebiT, gacilebiT rTulia
da mravalferovanic" moxatuloba sartylebadaa ganlagebuli
(danar#eni zedapiri ki
mkrTali Savi an yavisferi lakiTaa dafaruli!" ornamentad
ZiriTadad gamoyenebulia
geometriuli gurebi* swori da texili xazebi, wertilebi
samkuTxedebi, rombebi,
kvadratebi, koncentruli wreebi, sxvadasxva formis &vrebi,
nairsaxovani meandri, ufro
gvian gvxvdeba vardulebis, frinvelTa da cxovelTa gamosaxulebani
(cxeni, iremi, Txa,
taxi, xari, lomi, Tevzebi, gedi da sxv"!"
geometriuli keramikis ganviTarebis sul gviandel da umaRles
etapze (Zv" w" . s"
dasasruli-Zv" w" s" pirveli naxevari! #ndeba adamianTa
gamosaxulebebic, naxati
silueturia, xolo gura Zalze primitiuladaa gadmocemuli*
uzarmazari fexebi prolSia
mocemuli, mokle samkuTxa tani fasSia na#venebi, xolo saxe
prolSia daxatuli"
adamianis amgvari gamosaxuleba geometriuli stilis $ur$lebze
TiT)mis kanonizebulia
(amgvaradaa adamiani yovelgvar pozaSi-mdgomare Tu mwoliare
mdgomareobaSi!"
moZraoba fexebisa da xelebis 1estiTaa gadmocemuli" unda
aRiniSnos, rom adamianis
(iseve rogorc cxovelTa da frinvelTa! gurebs geometriuli stilis
$ur$lis moxatulobaSi
damoukidebeli mniSvneloba ara a)vs da isini saerTo ornamentaciis
nawils
warmoadgenen" amitomac gurebs Soris Tavisufali sivrce
geometriuli saxeebiTaa
Sevsebuli"
dipilonis stilis keramika
adamianis gamosaxulebebiT Semkuli geometriuli stilis $ur$lebi
pirvelad aTenSi,
dipilonis samarovanze aRmo#nda da amitomac am &gus $ur$lebs
dipilonis stilis
keramikas uwodeben" dipilonis $ur$lebi sakmaod didi zomisaa" am
$ur$lebis yeli,
Ziri, tanis )veda da zeda nawilebi geometriuli ornamentiTaa
moxatuli, xolo tanis Sua
nawilze ganlagebul sartyelze, micvalebulis datirebis scenaa
gamosaxuli* centrSi
katafalkze micvalebulia dasvenebuli, xolo a)eT-i)iT xelapyrobili
motiralni" dipilonis
$ur$lebze gvxvdeba sxva gamosaxulebanic* samgloviaro procesia,
xomaldebi,
sazRvao Tu saxmeleTo brZolis scenebi, ferxuli da sxv"
geometriuli stilis moxatuli keramika adreuli berZnuli mxatvruli
kulturis erT-erT
yvelaze ufro Tvalsa#ino miRwevadaa mi#neuli"
2
-
7/21/2019 4.Geometriuli Stilis Keramika
4/4
mcire plastika
/omerosis periodis skulpturam #venamde mxolod mcire plastikis
saxiT
moaRwia, romelTa umetes nawilsac aSkarad sakulto xasiaTi /)onda"
es mcire zomis
)andakebebi, romlebic ZiriTadad RmerTebs an gmirebs gamoxataven,
keTdeboda
terakotisgan, spilosZvlisgan an brin&aosgan" beotiaSi
napovni terakotas )andakebebi,
romlebic mTlianad ornamentebiTaa dafaruli, gamoir#evian
primitiulobiTa da formaTa
daunawevreblobiT" sxeulis zogierTi nawili odnavaa dam#neuli,
zogierTi ki araTanabrad
gamoweuli" aseTia, magaliTad, m&domare )alRmerTis gura
bavSviT* )alis fexebi
Serwymulia taxtTan, romelzec zis, cxviri uzarmazaria da niskarts
mogvagonebs %
ostats srulebiTac ar ainteresebs sxeulis anatomiuri agebulebis
gadmocema"
terakotas gurebTan erTad arsebobda brin&aosic" '/erakle da
kentavri' da 'cxeni'
(Zv"w" s"!, romlebic olimpiaSia napovni da /omerosuli periodis
dasasruls
miekuTvnebian, sakmaod cxad warmodgenas gvi)mnian RmerTebisTvis
miZRvnili
brin&aos am mcire plastikis gulubryvilo primitiulobasa da
s)ematizmze" e"w" 'apolonis'
)andakeba beotiidan (Zv"w" s"! Tavisi gawelili proporciebiTa da
guris saerTo agebiT
mogvagonebs kreta-mikenis xelovnebis adamianTa gamosaxulebebs,
Tumca maTgan
mkveTrad gansxvavdeba frontaluri gayinulobiTa da saxisa da
sxeulis gadmocemis
s)ematuri pirobiTobiT"
realur samyarosTan ufro cocxali kavSiris niSnebiT gamoir#eva
mxolod terakotaszogierTi gura beotiidan, romlebic Zv"w" s-s
mieuTvnebian" aseTia, magaliTad,
)andakeba, romelzec gamoxatulia mxvneli" gadawyvetis
gulubryvilobis miuxedavad,
es &gu SedarebiT ufro realisturia moZraobis motiviT da
naklebad aris dakavSirebuli
/omerosis epo)is umoZraobasa da pirobiTobasTan" aseTi tipis
gamosaxulebebSi
SeiZleba davinaxoT garkveuli paralelebi imave periodSi Se)mnil
/esiodes eposTan,
romelic ganadidebs glexis Sromas, Tumca a)ac, saxviTi xelovneba
literaturasTan
SedarebiT Zlier #amor#enilad gamoiyureba"
3
