4G - Network Specifications

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4G

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis article is about the mobile telecommunications standard. For other uses, see4G(disambiguation).

This article'sfactual accuracymay be compromised due to out-of-dateinformation. Please helpimprove the articleby updating it. There may beadditional information on thetalk page.(March 2011)

This article may be tootechnicalfor most readers to understand. Please helpimprovethis article tomake it understandable to non-experts, without removingthe technical details. Thetalk pagemay contain suggestions. (December 2011)

Intelecommunications,4G is the fourth generation ofcellularwirelessstandards. It is asuccessor to the3Gand2Gfamilies of standards. In 2009, theITU-Rorganizationspecified theIMT-Advanced(International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced)requirements for 4G standards, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at100Mbit/sfor high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1Gbit/sfor low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users).[1]

One of the key technologies for 4G and beyond is calledOpen Wireless Architecture(OWA), supporting multiple wireless air interfaces in an open architecture platform.

A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IPbasedmobilebroadbandsolution to laptop computerwireless modems,smartphones, and other mobiledevices.Facilitiessuch asultra-broadbandInternet access,IP telephony, gaming services,and streamed multimedia may be provided to users.

IMT-Advanced compliant versions of LTE and WiMAX are under development andcalled "LTE Advanced" and "WirelessMAN-Advanced" respectively. ITU has decided

that LTE Advanced and WirelessMAN-Advanced should be accorded the officialdesignation of IMT-Advanced. On December 6, 2010, ITU recognized that currentversions of LTE, WiMax and other evolved 3G technologies that do not fulfill "IMT-Advanced" requirements could nevertheless be considered "4G", provided they representforerunners to IMT-Advanced and "a substantial level of improvement in performanceand capabilities with respect to the initial third generation systems now deployed."[2]

As seen below, in all suggestions for 4G, theCDMAspread spectrumradio technologyused in 3G systems andIS-95is abandoned and replaced byOFDMAand otherfrequency-domain equalizationschemes. This is combined withMIMO(Multiple InMultiple Out), e.g., multiple antennas,dynamic channel allocationandchannel-dependent scheduling.

Contents

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1 Background 2 Requirements 3 4G and near-4G systems

o 3.1 4G candidate systems 3.1.1 LTE Advanced
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dependent_schedulinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel-dependent_schedulinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel-dependent_schedulinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel-dependent_schedulinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#Backgroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#Backgroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#Requirementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#Requirementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#4G_and_near-4G_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#4G_and_near-4G_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#4G_candidate_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#4G_candidate_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#4G_candidate_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#4G_and_near-4G_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#Requirementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#Backgroundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel-dependent_schedulinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel-dependent_schedulinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_channel_allocationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-carrier_FDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-95http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ITUSeminar-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WirelessMAN-Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Telecommunications-2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_telephonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facility_%28telecommunications%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_modemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Wireless_Architecture&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigabits_per_secondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megabits_per_secondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMT-Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-Rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirelesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4G&action=edithttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/technical#Adjectivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:4Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4G&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_disputehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G_%28disambiguation%29


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3.1.2 IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advancedo 3.2 4G predecessors and discontinued candidate systems

3.2.1 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) 3.2.2 Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e) 3.2.3 UMB (formerly EV-DO Rev. C) 3.2.4 Flash-OFDM 3.2.5 iBurst and MBWA (IEEE 802.20) systems

4 Data rate comparison 5 Objective and approach

o 5.1 Objectives assumed in the literatureo 5.2 Approaches

5.2.1 Principal technologies 6 4G features assumed in early literature 7 Components

o 7.1 Multiplexing and Access schemeso 7.2 IPv6 supporto 7.3 Advanced antenna systemso 7.4 Software-defined radio (SDR)

8 History of 4G and pre-4G technologieso 8.1 Deployment plans

9 Beyond 4G research 10 References 11 External links

Background

The nomenclature of the generations generally refers to a change in the fundamentalnature of the service, non-backwards compatible transmission technology, higherspectralbandwidthand new frequency bands. New generations have appeared about every ten

years since the first move from 1981 analog (1G) to digital (2G) transmission in 1992.This was followed, in 2001, by 3G multi-media support,spread spectrumtransmissionand at least 200 kbit/s, in 2011 expected to be followed by 4G, which refers to all-IPpacket-switchednetworks, mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access andmulti-carriertransmission.[citation needed]

The fastest 3G based standard in theWCDMAfamily is theHSPA+standard, which wascommercially available in 2009 and offers 42 Mbit/s downstreams withoutMIMO, i.e.only with one antenna (it would offer 56 Mbit/s with 2x2 MIMO), and 22 Mbit/supstreams. The fastest 3G based standard in theCDMA2000family is theEV-DO Rev.B, which was available in 2010 and offers 15.67 Mbit/s downstreams.[citation needed]

Requirements

In mid 1990s, theITU-Rorganization specified theIMT-2000specifications for whatstandards that should be considered3Gsystems. However, the cell phone market brandsonly some of the IMT-2000 standards as 3G (e.g. WCDMA and CDMA2000), not all(3GPP EDGE,DECTand mobile-WiMAXall fulfil the IMT-2000 requirements and areformally accepted as 3G standards, but are typically not branded as 3G). In 2008, ITU-Rspecified theIMT-Advanced(International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced)requirements for 4G systems.
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This article uses 4G to refer to IMT-Advanced (International MobileTelecommunications Advanced), as defined byITU-R. An IMT-Advancedcellularsystemmust fulfill the following requirements:[3]

Based on an all-IP packet switched network. Peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility such as

mobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbit/s for low mobility such asnomadic/local wireless access, according to the ITU requirements.

Dynamically share and use the network resources to support more simultaneoususers per cell.

Scalable channel bandwidth 520 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz.[4][4][5] Peaklink spectral efficiencyof 15 bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in

the uplink (meaning that 1 Gbit/s in the downlink should be possible over lessthan 67 MHz bandwidth).

System spectral efficiencyof up to 3 bit/s/Hz/cell in the downlink and 2.25bit/s/Hz/cell for indoor usage.[4]

Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks. Ability to offer high quality of service for next generation multimedia support.

In September 2009, the technology proposals were submitted to the International

Telecommunication Union (ITU) as 4G candidates.[6]

Basically all proposals are based ontwo technologies:

LTE Advancedstandardized by the3GPP 802.16mstandardized by theIEEE(i.e. WiMAX)

Present implementations of WiMAX and LTE are largely considered a stopgap solutionthat will offer a considerable boost while WiMAX 2 (based on the 802.16m spec) andLTE Advanced are finalized. Both technologies aim to reach the objectives traced by theITU, but are still far from being implemented.[3]

The first set of 3GPP requirements on LTE Advanced was approved in June 2008.[7]

LTEAdvanced will be standardized in 2010 as part of the Release 10 of the 3GPPspecification. LTE Advanced will be fully built on the existing LTE specification Release10 and not be defined as a new specification series. A summary of the technologies thathave been studied as the basis for LTE Advanced is included in a technical report.[8]

Current LTE and WiMAX implementations are considered pre-4G, as they do not fullycomply with the planned requirements of 1 Gbit/s for stationary reception and 100 Mbit/sfor mobile.

Confusion has been caused by some mobile carriers who have launched products

advertised as 4G but which are actually current technologies, commonly referred to as'3.9G', which do not follow the ITU-R defined principles for 4G standards. A commonargument for branding 3.9G systems as new-generation is that they use differentfrequency bands to 3G technologies; that they are based on a new radio-interfaceparadigm; and that the standards are not backwards compatible with 3G, whilst some ofthe standards are expected to be forwards compatible with "real" 4G technologies.

While the ITU has adopted recommendations for technologies that would be used forfuture global communications, they do not actually perform the standardization ordevelopment work themselves, instead relying on the work of other standards bodies suchas IEEE, The WiMAX Forum and 3GPP. Recently, ITU-R Working Party 5D approved
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two industry-developed technologies (LTE Advanced and WirelessMAN-Advanced)[9]for inclusion in the ITUs International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced program), which is focused on global communication systems that would beavailable several years from now.

4G and near-4G systems

The wireless telecommunications industry as a whole has early assumed the term 4G as ashorthand way to describe those advanced cellular technologies that, among other things,are based on or employ wide channel OFDMA and SC-FDE technologies,MIMOtransmission and an all-IP based architecture.[citation needed] Mobile-WiMAX, first releaseLTE, IEEE 802.20 as well as Flash-OFDM meets these early assumptions, and have beenconsidered as 4G candidate systems, but do not yet meet the more recent ITU-R IMT-Advanced requirements.

4G candidate systems

LTE Advanced

See also:3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)belowLTE Advanced(Long-term-evolution Advanced) is a candidate for IMT-Advancedstandard, formally submitted by the3GPPorganization to ITU-T in the fall 2009, andexpected to be released in 2012. The target of 3GPP LTE Advanced is to reach andsurpass the ITU requirements.[10]LTE Advanced is essentially an enhancement to LTE. Itis not a new technology but rather an improvement on the existing LTE network. Thisupgrade path makes it more cost effective for vendors to offer LTE and then upgrade toLTE Advanced which is similar to the upgrade from WCDMA to HSPA. LTE and LTEAdvanced will also make use of additional spectrum and multiplexing to allow it toachieve higher data speeds. Coordinated Multi-point Transmission will also allow more

system capacity to help handle the enhanced data speeds. Release 10 of LTE is expectedto achieve the LTE Advanced speeds. Release 8 currently supports up to 300 Mbit/sdownload speeds which is still short of the IMT-Advanced standards.[11]

Data speeds of LTE Advanced

LTE Advanced

Peak Download 1 Gbit/s

Peak Upload 500 Mbit/s

IEEE 802.16m or WirelessMAN-Advanced

TheIEEE 802.16morWirelessMAN-Advancedevolution of 802.16e is underdevelopment, with the objective to fulfill the IMT-Advanced criteria of 1 Gbit/s forstationary reception and 100 Mbit/s for mobile reception.[12]

4G predecessors and discontinued candidate systems

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

See also:LTE Advancedabove
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ITU_paves_way_for_next-generation_4G_mobile_technologies-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ITU_paves_way_for_next-generation_4G_mobile_technologies-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ITU_paves_way_for_next-generation_4G_mobile_technologies-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#3GPP_Long_Term_Evolution_.28LTE.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#3GPP_Long_Term_Evolution_.28LTE.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#3GPP_Long_Term_Evolution_.28LTE.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.16mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.16mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.16mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WirelessMAN-Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WirelessMAN-Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WirelessMAN-Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WirelessMAN-Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.16mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#3GPP_Long_Term_Evolution_.28LTE.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ITU_paves_way_for_next-generation_4G_mobile_technologies-8


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Telia-branded Samsung LTE modem

The pre-4G technology3GPP Long Term Evolution(LTE) is often branded "4G", but thefirst LTE release does not fully comply with the IMT-Advanced requirements. LTE has atheoreticalnet bit ratecapacity of up to 100 Mbit/s in the downlink and 50 Mbit/s in theuplink if a 20 MHz channel is usedand more ifmultiple-input multiple-output(MIMO), i.e. antenna arrays, are used.

The physical radio interface was at an early stage namedHigh SpeedOFDMPacketAccess (HSOPA), now namedEvolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access(E-UTRA). The

firstLTEUSB dongles do not support any other radio interface.

The world's first publicly available LTE service was opened in the two ScandinaviancapitalsStockholm(EricssonandNokia Siemens Networkssystems) andOslo(aHuaweisystem) on 14 December 2009, and branded 4G. The user terminals were manufacturedby Samsung.[13]Currently, the three publicly available LTE services in the United Statesare provided byMetroPCS,[14]Verizon Wireless,[15]andAT&T.Sprint Nextelhas alsostated it's considering switching fromWiMaxto LTE in the near future.[15]

In South Korea, SK Telecom and LG U+ have enabled access to LTE service since 1 July2011 for data devices, slated to go nationwide by 2012.[16]

Data speeds of LTE

LTE

Peak Download 100 Mbit/s


Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e)

TheMobile WiMAX(IEEE 802.16e-2005) mobile wireless broadband access (MWBA)standard (also known asWiBroin South Korea) is sometimes branded 4G, and offers
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peak data rates of 128 Mbit/s downlink and 56 Mbit/s uplink over 20 MHz widechannels[citation needed].

In June 2006, the world's first commercial mobile WiMAX service was opened byKTinSeoul,South Korea.[17]

Sprint Nextelhas begun using Mobile WiMAX, as of September 29, 2008 branded as a"4G" network even though the current version does not fulfil the IMT Advancedrequirements on 4G systems.[18]

In Russia, Belarus and Nicaragua WiMax broadband internet access is offered by aRussian companyScartel, and is also branded 4G,Yota.

Data speeds of WiMAX

WiMAX

Peak Download 128 Mbit/s


UMB (formerly EV-DO Rev. C)

Main article:Ultra Mobile Broadband

UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband) was the brand name for a discontinued 4G projectwithin the3GPP2standardization group to improve theCDMA2000mobile phonestandard for next generation applications and requirements. In November 2008,Qualcomm, UMB's lead sponsor, announced it was ending development of thetechnology, favouring LTE instead.[19]The objective was to achieve data speeds over275 Mbit/s downstream and over 75 Mbit/s upstream.

Flash-OFDM

At an early stage theFlash-OFDMsystem was expected to be further developed into a4G standard.

iBurst and MBWA (IEEE 802.20) systems

TheiBurstsystem (or HC-SDMA, High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access) wasat an early stage considered as a 4G predecessor. It was later further developed into theMobile Broadband Wireless Access(MBWA) system, also known as IEEE 802.20.

Data rate comparison

The following table shows a comparison of 4G candidate systems as well as othercompeting technologies.

Comparison of Mobile Internet Access methods

Common

NameFamily Primary Use Radio Tech

Downstream

(Mbit/s)

Upstream

(Mbit/s)Notes

HSPA+ 3GPP Used in 4GCDMA/FDDMIMO

214284

5.811.522

HSPA+ is wideldeployed.Revision 11 of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KT_%28telecommunication_company%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KT_%28telecommunication_company%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KT_%28telecommunication_company%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-kt-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-kt-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-kt-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scartelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scartelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scartelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBursthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBursthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBursthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Broadband_Wireless_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Broadband_Wireless_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Division_Multiple_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_division_duplexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_division_duplexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_division_duplexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HSPA%2B_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HSPA%2B_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HSPA%2B_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HSPA%2B_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HSPA%2B_networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_division_duplexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Division_Multiple_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Broadband_Wireless_Accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBursthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scartelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-kt-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KT_%28telecommunication_company%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed


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Common


Downstream

(Mbit/s)

Upstream

(Mbit/s)Notes

672 168 the 3GPP statesthatHSPA+isexpected to havea throughputcapacity of 672

Mbps.

LTE 3GPP General 4GOFDMA/MIMO/SC-FDMA

100 Cat3150 Cat4300 Cat5(in 20 MHzFDD)[20]

50 Cat3/475 Cat5(in 20MHzFDD)[20]

LTE-Advancedupdate expectedto offer peakrates up to 1Gbit/s fixedspeeds and 100Mb/s to mobileusers.

WiMAX 802.16Mobile Internetcf.802.16e

MIMO-SOFDMA

128 (in20 MHzbandwidthFDD)

56 (in20 MHzbandwidthFDD)

WiMAX updateIEEE 802.16mito offer peakrates of at least1 Gbit/s fixedspeeds and100 Mbit/s tomobile users.[21]

Flash-OFDM Flash-OFDM

Mobile Internetmobility up to200 mph(350 km/h)

Flash-OFDM5.310.615.9

1.83.65.4

Mobile range30 km (18 milesextended range55 km (34 miles

HIPERMAN

HIPERMAN Mobile InternetOFDM

56.9

Wi-Fi 802.11(11n)

Mobile InternetOFDM/MIMO

300 (using 4x4configuration in 20 MHz

bandwidth) or 600(using 4x4 configurationin 40 MHz bandwidth)

Antenna,RFfront endenhancementsand minorprotocol timertweaks havehelped deploylong rangeP2Pnetworkscompromising o

radial coverage,throughputand/or spectraefficiency(310 km&382 km)

iBurst 802.20 Mobile InternetHC-SDMA/TDD/MIMO

95 36

Cell Radius: 312 kmSpeed: 250 km/hSpectralEfficiency: 13
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC-FDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC-FDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC-FDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC-FDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ltedef-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ltedef-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ltedef-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ltedef-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ltedef-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ltedef-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.16#Working_group_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.16#Working_group_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.16#Working_group_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.16mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.16mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-UQ-WiMAX2-test-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-UQ-WiMAX2-test-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPERMANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPERMANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-gain_antennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-gain_antennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_front_endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_front_endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_front_endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_front_endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology#Point-to-pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology#Point-to-pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology#Point-to-pointhttp://www.alvarion.com/index.php/en/news-a-events/global-press-releases/948-worlds-longest-wi-fi-connection-made-by-the-swedish-space-corporationhttp://www.alvarion.com/index.php/en/news-a-events/global-press-releases/948-worlds-longest-wi-fi-connection-made-by-the-swedish-space-corporationhttp://www.alvarion.com/index.php/en/news-a-events/global-press-releases/948-worlds-longest-wi-fi-connection-made-by-the-swedish-space-corporationhttp://www.eslared.org.ve/articulos/Long%20Distance%20WiFi%20Trial.pdfhttp://www.eslared.org.ve/articulos/Long%20Distance%20WiFi%20Trial.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBursthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBursthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC-SDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC-SDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC-SDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_duplexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_duplexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_division_duplexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC-SDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HC-SDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBursthttp://www.eslared.org.ve/articulos/Long%20Distance%20WiFi%20Trial.pdfhttp://www.alvarion.com/index.php/en/news-a-events/global-press-releases/948-worlds-longest-wi-fi-connection-made-by-the-swedish-space-corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology#Point-to-pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_front_endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RF_front_endhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-gain_antennahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIPERMANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash-OFDMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-UQ-WiMAX2-test-20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.16mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_accesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.16#Working_group_historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/802.16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advancedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ltedef-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G#cite_note-ltedef-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC-FDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC-FDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMOhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2Bhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream_%28networking%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstream_%28networking%29


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Common


Downstream

(Mbit/s)

Upstream

(Mbit/s)Notes

bits/s/Hz/cellSpectrum ReuseFactor: "1"

EDGE Evolution GSM Mobile InternetTDMA/FDD 1.6 0.5 3GPPRelease 7

UMTSW-

CDMA

HSDPA+HSUPA

UMTS/3GSM General 3GCDMA/FDD

CDMA/FDD/MIMO

0.38414.4

0.3845.76

HSDPA iswidely deployedTypical downlinrates today 2Mbit/s, ~200kbit/s uplink;HSPA+downlink up to56 Mbit/s.

UMTS-TDD UMTS/3GSM Mobile InternetCDMA/TDD 16

Reported speedsaccording to

IPWirelessusing16QAMmodulationsimilar toHSDPA+HSUP

EV-DORel. 0

EV-DO Rev.A

EV-DO Rev.BCDMA2000 Mobile InternetCDMA/FDD

2.453.14.9xN

0.151.81.8xN

Rev B note: N ithe number of1.25 MHzchunks ofspectrum used.EV-DO is not

designed forvoice, andrequires afallback to1xRTT when avoice call isplaced orreceived.

Notes: All speeds are theoretical maximums and will vary by a number of factors,including the use of external antennae, distance from the tower and the ground speed (e.g.

communications on a train may be poorer than when standing still). Usually thebandwidth is shared between several terminals. The performance of each technology isdetermined by a number of constraints, including thespectral efficiencyof thetechnology, the cell sizes used, and the amount of spectrum available. For moreinformation, seeComparison of wireless data standards.

For more comparison tables, seebit rate progress trends,comparison of mobile phonestandards,spectral efficiency comparison tableandOFDM system comparison table.

Objective and approach
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which every mobile device would be both a transceiver and a router for other devices inthe network, eliminating the spoke-and-hub weakness of 2G and 3G cellular systems.[27]Since the 2.5G GPRS system, cellular systems have provided dual infrastructures: packetswitched nodes for data services, and circuit switched nodes for voice calls. In 4Gsystems, the circuit-switched infrastructure is abandoned and only a packet-switchednetwork is provided, while 2.5G and 3G systems require both packet-switched andcircuit-switchednetwork nodes, i.e. two infrastructures in parallel. This means that in 4G,traditional voice calls are replaced by IP telephony.

Cellular systems such as 4G allow seamless mobility; thus a file transfer is notinterrupted in case a terminal moves from one cell (one base station coverage area) toanother, buthandoveris carried out. The terminal also keeps the same IP address whilemoving, meaning that a mobile server is reachable as long as it is within the coveragearea of any server. In 4G systems this mobility is provided by themobile IPprotocol, partof IP version 6, while in earlier cellular generations it was provided only by physical-layer and datalink-layer protocols. In addition to seamless mobility, 4G provides flexibleinteroperability of the various kinds of existing wireless networks, such as satellite,cellular wireless, WLAN, PAN and systems for accessing fixed wireless networks.[28]

While maintaining seamless mobility, 4G will offer very high data rates with

expectations of 100 Mbit/s wireless service. The increased bandwidth and higher datatransmission rates will allow 4G users the ability to utilize high-definition video and thevideoconferencing features of mobile devices attached to a 4G network. The 4G wirelesssystem is expected to provide a comprehensive IP solution where multimediaapplications and services can be delivered to the user on an 'anytime, anywhere' basiswith a satisfactory high data rate, premium quality and high security.[29]

4G is described as MAGIC: mobile multimedia, anytime anywhere, global mobilitysupport, integrated wireless solution, and customized personal service. [citation needed] Somekey features (primarily from users' points of view) of 4G mobile networks are: [citation needed]

High usability: anytime, anywhere, and with any technology Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost Personalization Integrated services

Components

Multiplexing and Access schemes

This section contains information which may be of unclear or questionable

importanceorrelevanceto the article's subject matter. Please helpimprovethis articleby clarifying or removing superfluous information. (May 2010)

The Migration to 4G standards incorporates elements of many early technologies andoften you will read about solutions that use Code (a cypher), Frequency or Time as thebasis of multiplexing the spectrum more efficiently. While Spectrum is considered finite,Cooper's Law has shown that we have developed more efficient ways of using spectrumjust as the Moore's law has show our ability to increase processing.

As the wireless standards evolved, the access techniques used also exhibited increase inefficiency, capacity and scalability. The first generation wireless standards usedTDMA
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andFDMA. In the wireless channels, TDMA proved to be less efficient in handling thehigh data rate channels as it requires large guard periods to alleviate the multipath impact.Similarly, FDMA consumed more bandwidth for guard to avoid inter carrier interference.So in second generation systems, one set of standard used the combination of FDMA andTDMA and the other set introduced an access scheme calledCDMA. Usage of CDMAincreased the system capacity, but as a theoretical drawback placed a soft limit on itrather than the hard limit (i.e. a CDMA network setup does not inherently reject newclients when it approaches its limits, resulting in a denial of service to all clients when thenetwork overloads; though this outcome is avoided in practical implementations by

admission controlof circuit switched or fixed bitrate communication services). Data rateis also increased as this access scheme (providing the network is not reaching itscapacity) is efficient enough to handle the multipath channel. This enabled the thirdgeneration systems, such asIS-2000,UMTS,HSXPA,1xEV-DO,TD-CDMAandTD-SCDMA, to use CDMA as the access scheme. However, the issue with CDMA is that itsuffers from poor spectral flexibility and computationally intensive time-domainequalization (high number of multiplications per second) for wideband channels.

Recently, new access schemes likeOrthogonal FDMA(OFDMA),Single Carrier FDMA(SC-FDMA),Interleaved FDMAandMulti-carrier CDMA(MC-CDMA) are gainingmore importance for the next generation systems. These are based on efficientFFT

algorithms and frequency domain equalization, resulting in a lower number ofmultiplications per second. They also make it possible to control the bandwidth and formthe spectrum in a flexible way. However, they require advanced dynamic channelallocation and traffic adaptive scheduling.

WiMaxis using OFDMA in the downlink and in the uplink. For thenext generationUMTS, OFDMA is used for the downlink. By contrast, IFDMA is being considered forthe uplink since OFDMA contributes more to thePAPRrelated issues and results innonlinear operation of amplifiers. IFDMA provides less power fluctuation and thusavoids amplifier issues. Similarly, MC-CDMA is in the proposal for theIEEE 802.20standard. These access schemes offer the same efficiencies as older technologies like

CDMA. Apart from this, scalability and higher data rates can be achieved.

The other important advantage of the above mentioned access techniques is that theyrequire less complexity for equalization at the receiver. This is an added advantageespecially in theMIMOenvironments since thespatial multiplexingtransmission ofMIMO systems inherently requires high complexity equalization at the receiver.

In addition to improvements in these multiplexing systems, improvedmodulationtechniques are being used. Whereas earlier standards largely usedPhase-shift keying,more efficient systems such as 64QAMare being proposed for use with the3GPP LongTerm Evolutionstandards.

IPv6 support

Main articles:Network layer,Internet protocol, andIPv6

Unlike 3G, which is based on two parallel infrastructures consisting ofcircuit switchedandpacket switchednetwork nodes respectively, 4G will be based on packet switchingonly. This will requirelow-latencydata transmission.

By the time that 4G was deployed, the process ofIPv4 address exhaustionwas expectedto be in its final stages. Therefore, in the context of 4G,IPv6support is essential in order
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to support a large number of wireless-enabled devices. By increasing the number ofIPaddresses, IPv6 removes the need fornetwork address translation(NAT), a method ofsharing a limited number of addresses among a larger group of devices, although NATwill still be required to communicate with devices that are on existingIPv4networks.

As of June 2009,Verizonhas postedspecificationsthat require any 4G devices on itsnetwork to support IPv6.[30]

Advanced antenna systems

Main articles:MIMOandMU-MIMO

The performance of radio communications depends on an antenna system, termedsmartorintelligent antenna. Recently,multiple antenna technologiesare emerging to achievethe goal of 4G systems such as high rate, high reliability, and long rangecommunications. In the early 1990s, to cater for the growing data rate needs of datacommunication, many transmission schemes were proposed. One technology,spatialmultiplexing, gained importance for its bandwidth conservation and power efficiency.Spatial multiplexing involves deploying multiple antennas at the transmitter and at thereceiver. Independent streams can then be transmitted simultaneously from all the

antennas. This technology, calledMIMO(as a branch ofintelligent antenna), multipliesthe base data rate by (the smaller of) the number of transmit antennas or the number ofreceive antennas. Apart from this, the reliability in transmitting high speed data in thefading channel can be improved by using more antennas at the transmitter or at thereceiver. This is called transmitorreceive diversity. Both transmit/receive diversity andtransmit spatial multiplexing are categorized into the space-time coding techniques,which does not necessarily require the channel knowledge at the transmitter. The othercategory is closed-loop multiple antenna technologies, which require channel knowledgeat the transmitter.

Software-defined radio (SDR)

SDRis one form of open wireless architecture (OWA). Since 4G is a collection ofwireless standards, the final form of a 4G device will constitute various standards. Thiscan be efficiently realized using SDR technology, which is categorized to the area of theradio convergence.

History of 4G and pre-4G technologies

As of December 2011, there are no 4G networks that fulfil the InternationalTelecommunication Union's criteria of being able to achieve 1Gbit/s while stationary.[31]

However in December 2010, the ITU recognized that current versions of LTE, WiMaxand other evolved 3G technologies that do not fulfill "IMT-Advanced" requirementscould nevertheless be considered "4G", provided they represent forerunners to IMT-Advanced and "a substantial level of improvement in performance and capabilities withrespect to the initial third generation systems now deployed."[2]

In 2002, the strategic vision for 4GwhichITUdesignated as IMT-Advancedwas laid out.
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In 2005,OFDMAtransmission technology is chosen as candidate for theHSOPAdownlink, later renamed 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) air interfaceE-UTRA.

In November 2005,KTdemonstrated mobile WiMAX service in Busan, SouthKorea.[32]

In June 2006,KTstarted the world's first commercial mobile WiMAX service inSeoul, South Korea.[17]

In mid-2006,Sprint Nextelannounced that it would invest about US$5 billion in aWiMAXtechnology buildout over the next few years[33]($5.45 billion inreal

terms[34]

). Since that time Sprint has faced many setbacks, that have resulted insteep quarterly losses. On May 7, 2008,Sprint,Imagine,Google,Intel,Comcast,Bright House, andTime Warnerannounced a pooling of an average of 120 MHzof spectrum; Sprint merged itsXohmWiMAX division withClearwireto form acompany which will take the name "Clear".

In February 2007, theJapanese companyNTT DoCoMotested a 4Gcommunication system prototype with 4x4MIMOcalledVSF-OFCDMat 100Mbit/s while moving, and 1Gbit/s while stationary. NTT DoCoMo completed atrial in which they reached a maximum packet transmission rate of approximately5 Gbit/s in the downlink with 12x12 MIMO using a 100 MHz frequencybandwidth while moving at 10 km/h,[35]and is planning on releasing the first

commercial network in 2010. In September 2007, NTT Docomo demonstrated e-UTRA data rates of 200 Mbit/s

with power consumption below 100 mW during the test.[36] In January 2008, a U.S.Federal Communications Commission(FCC)spectrum

auctionfor the 700 MHz former analog TV frequencies began. As a result, thebiggest share of the spectrum went to Verizon Wireless and the next biggest toAT&T.[37]Both of these companies have stated their intention of supportingLTE.

In January 2008, EU commissionerViviane Redingsuggested re-allocation of500800 MHz spectrum for wireless communication, including WiMAX.[38]

On 15 February 2008 - Skyworks Solutions released a front-end module for e-UTRAN.[39][40][41]

In 2008,ITU-Restablished the detailed performance requirements of IMT-Advanced, by issuing a Circular Letter calling for candidate Radio AccessTechnologies (RATs) for IMT-Advanced.[42]

In April 2008, just after receiving the circular letter, the 3GPP organized aworkshop on IMT-Advanced where it was decided that LTE Advanced, anevolution of current LTE standard, will meet or even exceed IMT-Advancedrequirements following the ITU-R agenda.

In April 2008, LG and Nortel demonstrated e-UTRA data rates of 50 Mbit/s whiletravelling at 110 km/h.[43]

On 12 November 2008,HTCannounced the first WiMAX-enabled mobile phone,theMax 4G[44]

In December 2008,San Miguel Corporation, Asia's largest food and beverageconglomerate, has signed a memorandum of understanding with Qatar TelecomQSC (Qtel) to build wireless broadband and mobile communications projects inthe Philippines. The joint-venture formed wi-tribe Philippines, which offers 4G inthe country.[45]Around the same timeGlobe Telecomrolled out the first WiMAXservice in the Philippines.

On 3 March 2009, Lithuania's LRTC announcing the first operational "4G"mobile WiMAXnetwork in Baltic states.[46]

In December 2009, Sprint began advertising "4G" service in selected cities in theUnited States, despite average download speeds of only 36 Mbit/s with peakspeeds of 10 Mbit/s (not available in all markets).[47]
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Documents

4G - Network Specifications