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DETECTING HUMAN BEINGS BURIEDUNDER EARTHQUAKE RUBBLE
using Embedded Systems
P.SWATHI P.NAGALAKSHMI N.NAGAMANIM.V.G.R.COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
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What is embedded systems?
An embedded system is a device used to control ormonitor the
operation of the equipments ,machinery
or plant
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EXAMPLES
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION:
A microwave beam ofcertain frequency is aimedat a portion of
rubble .The reflected wave from thepersons body will bemodulated by
hismovements.By proper processing ofthese signals, the status ofthe
person under trap canbe easily judged
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MAJOR COMPONENTS OF CIRCUIT
Microwave circuit Phase locked oscillator Directional
coupler1
Directional coupler2Microwave control clutter cancellation
system
Controlled phase shifter1 A fixed attenuator
RF amplifier Controlled attenuator
Dual antenna systemLaptop
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Microwave life detection system
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HOW DOES IT WORK?
Clutter cancellation ofreceiving signal:
The wave radiated by theantenna I penetrates therubble to reach
the buriedperson.
The reflected wavereceived by the antenna 2consists of two
waves.
The large clutter from therubble can be cancelledby a clutter-
cancelingsignal
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The output of the clutter cancellation circuit is
combined with the directional coupler 3 (3dB).
This output is passed through a directionalcoupler 4 (6 dB).
3/4 of the output is directed by a microwavedetector to provide
dc output, which serves asthe indicator for the degree of the
cluttercancellation.
1/4 of the output directed is amplified by aRF pre-amplifier and
then mixed with a localreference signal in a double balanced
mixer.
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Demodulation of clutter cancelledsignal At the double balanced
mixer amplified signal of
the reflected wave from the persons body is mixedwith the local
reference signal.
The local reference signal is controlled by digitallycontrolled
phase shifter 2 for an optimal outputfrom the mixer for the purpose
of increasing the
system sensitivity.
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The output of the mixerconsists of the breathing andheartbeat
signals of thehuman plus some avoidablenoise.
An alarm system has been
set, so that whenever thecomputer processes thereceived signal
and identifiesthat there is a human being,the alarm sound
starts.
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ADVANTAGES
Microwaves of L (or) S band frequency can penetrate therubble
with metallic mesh easier than that of UHF bandfrequency waves.
L (OR) S BANDFREQUENCY SYSTEM
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UHF BANDFREQUENCY SYSTEM
Microwaves of UHF band frequency canpenetrate deeper in rubble
(without metallicmesh) than that of L (or) S band
frequencywaves.
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CONCLUSION A new sensitive lifedetection system usingmicrowave
radiation forlocating human beingsburied under rubble hasbeen
designed.
This system operatingeither at L (or) S band,
UHF band can detect the breathing and heartbeatsignals of human
beingsburied under rubble.
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