_4_dental_cast_analysis.pdf

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Agnieszka Pernak, PhD.S.

Dental castDental castanalysisanalysis

1

OrOr

TT

Median plane= sagital plane

Orbital plane

Horizontal plane= Frankfurt plane

Facial planes according toFacial planes according to SimonSimon

GG

Frontal plane

Agnieszka Pernak 2007/2008 2

Agnieszka Pernak 2007/2008

1. to the median plane1. to the median plane

aa) the symmetry) the symmetry of the dental archesof the dental arches

- in relation to each other

- in relation to the face

Symmetrymaintained

Lack of symmetry

3

bb) the width of the dental arches) the width of the dental arches

- in the relation to each other

the maxilla should be wider then the mandiblein approximately 1-2mm on each side

4Agnieszka Pernak 2007/2008

- in the relation to the basal bone

normal narrow wide


- in the relation to the dentition

the buccal cusps of maxillary molars andpremolars covers the buccal surface of theteeth in the mandible


2

cc) the mesio) the mesio--dystal angulation of the teethdystal angulation of the teeth

(angulation and inclination)the gingival part of the crown should be moredistal then the occlusal part


dd) the shape of the arches) the shape of the arches

- in the primary dentition (semicircular)


- in the permanent dentition

semielliptic parabolic


(sagital line and mesio-distal line)

ee) the arch symmetry) the arch symmetry

- in a single dental arch


maxilla

mandibula

- incisors and canines in relation to the sagital plane


a) mezialization of molars, b) mezjalization of premolars and transversalcrowding, c) mezjalization in a III quadrant, d) dystalization of premolars

a b

c d


3


Exceptions:Exceptions:- first physiological deepbite- second physiological deepbite

2.2. to the horizontal planeto the horizontal plane

a)a) OVERBITEOVERBITE – is a vertical overlap of the incisors

– the incisal edge of lower incisorscontacts the palatal surface of theupper incisors

– the 2-3mm overbite is the normalrelationship


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Increased overbite”DEEPBITE”

Decreased overbite”OPENBITE”

THETHE TYPESTYPES OFOF OVERBITEOVERBITE


1,5-2mm

in the mandiblein the mandible – is concavein the maxillain the maxilla – is convex

b)b) the occlusal plane and the curve ofthe occlusal plane and the curve of SpeeSpee

is created by the contact points of the upper and lower teethin primary dentition is flatin permanent dentition is curved


3. to the frontal plane3. to the frontal plane

a)a) OVERJETOVERJET – is defined as horizontal overlap ofthe incisors

– the incisal edge of lower incisorscontacts the palatal surface of the upperincisors

– the 2-3mm overjet is the normalrelationship

17Agnieszka Pernak 2007/2008 18

Increased overtet Negative overjet

THETHE TYPESTYPES OFOF OVEROVERJJEETT


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b)b) the occlusal relationship of molarsthe occlusal relationship of molars

FLUSH TERMAL PLANEFLUSH TERMAL PLANE– in a 3 years old patients

MMESIAL STEPESIAL STEP– in a 5 years old patients

Baum’s classificationBaum’s classification (Class I)(Class I)


the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper firstmolar occludes with the mesiobuccal groove ofthe lower first molar

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5 4

4I CLASSI CLASS

AngleAngle’s’s classificationclassification

6

6

20

5

5 4

4

6

6

5

5 4

4

6

6

II CLASSII CLASS

III CLASSIII CLASS

the mesial buccal cusp of the first upperpermanent molar contacts the interdental spacebetween the lower second premolar and the firstmolar

the mesial buccal cusp of the first upperpermanent molar contacts the interdental spacebetween the the lower first and the lower secondmolar 7


43

17

25

5

47

c)c) the canine rulethe canine rule

21

the long axis of the upper canine is running inbetween the lower canine and the lower lateralpremolar

Agnieszka Pernak 2007/2008 Agnieszka Pernak 2007/2008 22

ANALYSIS OF SYMMETRYTHE EVALUATION OF WIDTH AND

LENGTH OF THE DENTAL ARCHESSPACE ANALYSISTOOTH SIZE DISCREPANCYTEETH ROTATIONSDENTAL AGE EVALUATION

DDENTALENTAL CASTCAST MEASUREMENTSMEASUREMENTS


ANALYSIS OF SYMMETRYANALYSIS OF SYMMETRYA TRANSPARENT RULED GRID IS PLACED OVER THE DENTAL ARCH,

IN THE UPPER ARCH POSITIONED IN RELATION TO THE MIDPALATALRAPHE

TO DETECT:TO DETECT:- ARCH ASYMMETRY- ARCH FORM DISTORTION- ASYMMETRICAL POSITION OF THE TEETH WITHIN DENTAL ARCH

( ROTATIONS, MESIAL OR DISTAL DRIFT)


THETHE EVALUATIONEVALUATION OFOF WIDTHWIDTH

Width of the dental arch

Width of the face (Zy Zy) – 10mmX 100 = 50%

ZyZy

Izard’sIzard’s analysisanalysis

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Pont MeasurementPont MeasurementssThe evaluation of width of dental

arches

upper incisorsupper incisors x 100x 1006464

==MM11

upper incisorsupper incisors x 100x 1008080==PP11

UIUI 44 –– 44 66 –– 6627,0 32,0 41,5

27,5 32,5 42,3

28,0 33,0 43,0

28,5 33,5 43,8

29,0 34,0 44,5

29,5 34,7 45,3

30,0 35,5 46,0

30,5 36,0 46,8

31,0 36,5 47,5

31,5 37,0 48,5

32,0 37,5 49,0

32,5 38,2 50,0

33,0 39,0 51,0

33,5 39,5 51,5

34,0 40,0 52,5

34,5 40,5 53,0

35,0 41,2 54,0

35,5 42,0 54,4

36,0 42,5 55,5

36,5 43,0 56,2

37,0 43,5 57,0


of width of insisors1.1.

2.2.

Pont MeasurementPont Measurementss


3. how to write3. how to write

4. how to read4. how to read

= pomiar norma ró nica

4 4

6 6

4 4

6 6

3232

37,5

49

49

37,5

3131

5050

5151

3737

- 6,5

+ 1

- 0,5

+ 2

SISI 44 –– 44 66 –– 6627,0 32,0 41,5

27,5 32,5 42,3

28,0 33,0 43,0

28,5 33,5 43,8

29,0 34,0 44,5

29,5 34,7 45,3

30,0 35,5 46,0

30,5 36,0 46,8

31,0 36,5 47,5

31,5 37,0 48,5

32,0 37,5 49,0

32,5 38,2 50,0

33,0 39,0 51,0

33,5 39,5 51,5

34,0 40,0 52,5

34,5 40,5 53,0

35,0 41,2 54,0

35,5 42,0 54,4

36,0 42,5 55,5

36,5 43,0 56,2

37,0 43,5 57,0


THETHE EVALUATIONEVALUATION OFOF LENGTHLENGTHAccording to KORKHAUSAccording to KORKHAUS

4 42

= LU (anterior length of the upper arch)

LU - 2 mm = LL (anterior length of the lower arch)

LU

LL


SPACE ANALYSISSPACE ANALYSISTO EVALUATE THE AMOUNT OF CROWDING OR SPACING

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF SPACE AVAILABLE (WHICHALREADY EXISTS) AND THE AMOUNT OF SPACE REQUIRED (TOALIGN TEETH PROPERLY)

SPACE AVAILABLE = ARCH PERIMETER(*IN SEGMENTS = SEGMENTAL ARCH ANALYSIS*BY CONTOURING A PIECE OF WIRE*WITH CATENOMETER = A PIECE OF A CHAIN)

SPACE REQUIRED - SUM OF MESIODISTAL WIDTH OF EACH TOOTHBETWEEN THE INTERPROXIMAL SURFACES (BUT PROTRUSIONOR RETRUSION OF ANTERIOR TEETH )


SPACE ANALYSIS IN MIXEDSPACE ANALYSIS IN MIXEDDENTITION PERIODDENTITION PERIOD

TO EVALUATE THE AMOUNT OF SPACE NEEDED FOR PROPERALIGNMENT OF PERMANENT CANINES AND MOLARS

COMPARISON BETWEENCOMPARISON BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF SPACE AVAILABLE (WHICHALREADY EXISTS) AND THE AMOUNT OF SPACE REQUIRED ( TO ALIGNTEETH PROPERLY)

TO EVALUATE SPACE REQUIREDSPACE REQUIRED- PREDICTION OF SIZE OF PERMANENT CANINES AND PREMOLARS

ACCORDING TO PROPORTIONALITY ON RADIORGAPHSRADIORGAPHSWITH PROPORTIONALITY TABLES ACCORDING TO MOYERSMOYERSWITH PROPORTIONALITY RULE ACCORDING TO TANAKA & JOHNSTONTANAKA & JOHNSTON

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PREDICTION OF SIZE OF PERMANENTPREDICTION OF SIZE OF PERMANENTCANINES ANDCANINES AND PREMOLARSPREMOLARS

ACCORDING TO PROPORTIONALITY ON RADIORGAPHS

1

1

4

3

2

4 = x

3

2=

RTGRTG CASTCAST


PREDICTION OF SIZE OF PERMANENTPREDICTION OF SIZE OF PERMANENTCANINES AND PREMOLARSCANINES AND PREMOLARS

WITH PROPORTIONALITY TABLES ACCORDING TO MOYERS

,,

(canine, first and second premolar)

(four incisors)

PROPORTIONALITY TABLE ACCORDING TO MOYERS


PREDICTION OF SIZE OF PERMANENTPREDICTION OF SIZE OF PERMANENTCANINES AND PREMOLARSCANINES AND PREMOLARS

WITH PROPORTIONALITY RULE ACCORDING TO TANAKA & JOHNSTON

From Tanaka MM, Johnston LE: J Am Dent Assoc, 88: 798, 1974


TOOTH SIZE DISCREPANCYTOOTH SIZE DISCREPANCY

Bolton’sBolton’s AnalysisAnalysis

Tonn’sTonn’s AnalysisAnalysis

Bolton’sBolton’s AnalysisAnalysisTO EVALUATE PROPORTIONALITY IN SIZE OF UPPER AND

LOWER TEETH

77,2% (±0,22) 91,3% (±0,26)

Anterior ratio Overall ratio


Bolton’sBolton’s -- anterioranterior ratioratio

77,2%77,2% ((±±0,220,22))

Sum of mesiodistal width of six lower teeth

Sum of mesiodistal width of six upper teethX 100% =


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Bolton’sBolton’s -- overalloverall ratioratio

91,3%91,3% ((±±0,260,26))

Sum of mesiodistal width of lower teeth

Sum of mesiodistal width of upper teethX 100% =


Bolton’sBolton’s analysisanalysis



Tonn’sTonn’s AnalysisAnalysisTO EVALUATE PROPORTIONALITY IN SIZE OF UPPER AND

LOWER INCISORS

si = 74% SIsi = 74% SI

SI = si x 1,35SI = si x 1,35

si x 4/3 = SIsi x 4/3 = SI

SISI = MESIODISTAL WIDTH OF FOUR UPPER INCISORSsisi = mesiodistal width of four lower incisors

39 Agnieszka Pernak 2007/2008 40

TEETH ROTATIONSTEETH ROTATIONS


DENTAL AGE EVALUATIONDENTAL AGE EVALUATION

I1I1 I2I2 CC P1P1 P2P2 M1M1 M2M2

AGE IN YEARS AND MONTHS FOR BOYSAGE IN YEARS AND MONTHS FOR BOYS

11 6'8 7'4 10'8 10'5 10'10 6'0 12'922 6'10 8'4 11'6 10'8 11'11 6'4 12'1033 7'0 8'10 12'2 11'10 12'5 6'8 13'644 7'11 9'0 12'6 12'0 13'0 6'10 14'0

AGE IN YEARS ADN MONTHS FOR GIRLSAGE IN YEARS ADN MONTHS FOR GIRLS

11 6'6 7'5 9'10 9'2 10'5 6'3 11'1122 6'10 7'8 10'2 10'2 11'1 6'3 11'1133 7'4 8'6 11'3 10'5 11'5 6'8 12'1044 7'8 8'7 11'8 11'3 12'2 6'10 13'5

Nr ofNr ofteethteeth

TOOTH TYPETOOTH TYPE

THE LAST FULLY ERUPTED GROUP OF TEETH + ALL OTHER ERUPTING GROUPS OFTEETH DIVIDED BY THE NUMBER OF EVALUATED GROUPS(SEPARATELY FOR YEARS AND MONTHS)

THE END!THE END!THE END!THE END!


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_4_dental_cast_analysis.pdf