Motion and Time StudyMotion and Time Study“Time study is the one element in scientific management beyond all others making“Time study is the one element in scientific management beyond all others making possible the transfer of skill from management to men…..” –Frederick W. Taylorpossible the transfer of skill from management to men…..” –Frederick W. Taylor

Operations Management 345Operations Management 345Mayra CalderonMayra Calderon

Dr. FosterDr. FosterMay 2003May 2003

OverviewOverviewMotion and Time Study DefinedMotion and Time Study Defined

HistoryHistoryDetails about Motion and Time StudyDetails about Motion and Time StudyMotion and Time Study in your organization Motion and Time Study in your organization Real World ExampleReal World ExampleSummary of PresentationSummary of PresentationReading ListReading List

What is Motion and Time StudyWhat is Motion and Time StudyMotion Study is designed to determine to best way to complete a repetitive jobMotion Study is designed to determine to best way to complete a repetitive job

Time Study measures how long it takes an average worker to complete a task at a normalTime Study measures how long it takes an average worker to complete a task at a normal pacepace

History of Motion and Time StudyHistory of Motion and Time Study

Frank B. Gilbreth, Lillian M GilbrethFrank B. Gilbreth, Lillian M Gilbreth-1885, he begun to develop motion study -1885, he begun to develop motion study

Frederick W. TaylorFrederick W. Taylor-1881, he started to develop time study-1881, he started to develop time study

History of Motion and Time StudyHistory of Motion and Time StudyUsed Separately Used Separately

Became interrelatedBecame interrelated

History of Motion StudyHistory of Motion StudyBricklayingBricklaying

Tools UsedTools UsedMotion camera Motion camera

History of Time StudyHistory of Time StudyStarted at a machine shopStarted at a machine shop

home with his familyhome with his family

ToolsToolsStopwatch & ClipboardStopwatch & Clipboard

Tools Used Today…….Tools Used Today…….ComputersComputersBar codesBar codesAccustudy SoftwareAccustudy Software

Details of Motion and Time StudyDetails of Motion and Time StudyMotion StudyMotion Study

Improve methodsImprove methodsIt measures distance, or how much you move to do a job, and how much you get doneIt measures distance, or how much you move to do a job, and how much you get done

in a period of timein a period of timeTime studyTime study

Establish standardsEstablish standardsLooked at the average time it took an average workerLooked at the average time it took an average worker

Computing StandardsComputing StandardsEstimatingEstimatingPerformance recordsPerformance recordsStopwatch time studyStopwatch time studyStandard dataStandard dataTime study formulasTime study formulasWork sampling schedulesWork sampling schedulesQueuing theoryQueuing theory

How to use Motion and Time Study in your OrganizationHow to use Motion and Time Study in your Organization

ManufacturingManufacturingOfficeOfficeBanksBanksDepartment StoresDepartment StoresHospitalsHospitals

How do you decide if you need to do a Motion and Time StudyHow do you decide if you need to do a Motion and Time StudyAre costs too high(is there a problem)?Are costs too high(is there a problem)?Why is there a problem?Why is there a problem?How can it be solved?How can it be solved?Which alternative is better?Which alternative is better?Choose the best alternativeChoose the best alternative

Real World Example AReal World Example ACompany Using Time StudyCompany Using Time Study

Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center

ProblemProblem

HR Personnel was not very accessible to employees at the hospitalHR Personnel was not very accessible to employees at the hospitalHard to reach the right person to answer questionsHard to reach the right person to answer questionsInefficient voice-mail systemInefficient voice-mail system

Real World Example AReal World Example ACompany Using Time StudyCompany Using Time Study

Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center Cooper Hospital/University Medical CenterTools UsedTools Used

Bar-coding systemBar-coding systemComputer Computer OtherOther

Determining the busiest time of the dayDetermining the busiest time of the day Establishing categories Establishing categories

Real World Example AReal World Example ACompany Using Time StudyCompany Using Time Study

Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center Cooper Hospital/University Medical CenterDiscoveriesDiscoveries

Majority of calls were for appointmentsMajority of calls were for appointmentsMany calls from outside sources for job verificationMany calls from outside sources for job verification

Results Continued…..Results Continued…..ImplementationsImplementations

New systemsNew systemsNew positionsNew positionsImproving service and costsImproving service and costs

Motion and Time Study ProblemMotion and Time Study ProblemThere is a group of students stuffing envelopes. They have to put three different color-There is a group of students stuffing envelopes. They have to put three different color-

coded pages in the envelopes(red, white, orange).coded pages in the envelopes(red, white, orange).Motion and Time Study ProblemMotion and Time Study ProblemMotion and Time Study ProblemMotion and Time Study ProblemCompute the standard timeCompute the standard time

Compute number of envelopes stuffed in one hourCompute number of envelopes stuffed in one hourSolutionSolutionTo compute the standard timeTo compute the standard time

Adjust the normal cycle with an allowance factor of 10 percent Adjust the normal cycle with an allowance factor of 10 percentST= (NT)(1-AF)ST= (NT)(1-AF) = (.1189)(1-.10) = (.1189)(1-.10)

=.1070 min =.1070 minTo compute number of envelopes in one hourTo compute number of envelopes in one hour

60 min/.1070min/envelope= 560 envelopes an hour60 min/.1070min/envelope= 560 envelopes an hourSummary of PresentationSummary of Presentation

This presentation looks at Motion and Time Study as a method to reduce costs andThis presentation looks at Motion and Time Study as a method to reduce costs and increase productivity.increase productivity.

The history of Motion and Time StudyThe history of Motion and Time StudyDetails of Motion and Time StudyDetails of Motion and Time Study

Summary of PresentationSummary of PresentationReasons to implement Motion and Time Study in your organizationReasons to implement Motion and Time Study in your organizationThe use of Motion and Time Study at Cooper Hospital/University CenterThe use of Motion and Time Study at Cooper Hospital/University CenterAn ExerciseAn ExerciseReading ListReading ListAharonson-Daniel, L.; Fung, H.;Hedley, A.J., Aharonson-Daniel, L.; Fung, H.;Hedley, A.J., Time studies in A&E Time studies in A&E departments- adepartments- a

useful tool for managementuseful tool for management, , Journal of Journal of Management in MedicineManagement in Medicine, Hong Kong., Hong Kong. 1996. Vol. 10, Issue 3. 1996. Vol. 10, Issue 3.

Anonymous, Anonymous, Program boosts efficiency of time-&-motion studiesProgram boosts efficiency of time-&-motion studies, , Plastics EngineeringPlastics Engineering,, Brookfield Center. April 2002. Vol. 58, Brookfield Center. April 2002. Vol. 58, Issue 4.Issue 4.

Barnes, Ralph Mosser, Barnes, Ralph Mosser, Motion and Time StudyMotion and Time Study, John Wiley & , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., LosSons, Inc., Los Angeles,CA.1980.Angeles,CA.1980.

Dossett, Royal J., Dossett, Royal J., Work-measured labor standards- The state of Work-measured labor standards- The state of the artthe art, , IndustrialIndustrial EngineeringEngineering, Norcross. April 1995. Vol. 27, , Norcross. April 1995. Vol. 27, Issue 4.Issue 4.

Hayes, John R., Hayes, John R., Memo bustersMemo busters, , ForbesForbes, New York. April 1995. Vol. , New York. April 1995. Vol. 155, Issue 9.155, Issue 9.

Reading List Continued…. Reading List Continued….Koepfer, Chris, Koepfer, Chris, Automating time studiesAutomating time studies, , Modern Machine ShopModern Machine Shop, , Cincinnati. SeptemberCincinnati. September

2002. Vol. 75, Issue 4.2002. Vol. 75, Issue 4.Niebel, Benjamin W., Niebel, Benjamin W., Motion and Time StudyMotion and Time Study, Richard D. Irwin, , Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, Ill.Inc., Homewood, Ill.

1988.1988.Russell, Roberta S.; Taylor, Bernard W., Russell, Roberta S.; Taylor, Bernard W., Operations ManagementOperations Management, , Prentice Hall Inc.,Prentice Hall Inc.,

Upper Saddle River, NJ.2003.Upper Saddle River, NJ.2003.Stevens, Larry, Stevens, Larry, Time Study Prompts New HR EfficienciesTime Study Prompts New HR Efficiencies, , Personnel Journal, Personnel Journal, SantaSanta

Monica. April 1994. Vol. 73, Monica. April 1994. Vol. 73, Issue 4.Issue 4.