DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 429 072 SP 038 406

AUTHOR Murtagh, Teresa, Ed.; O'Sullivan, Jean, Ed.TITLE The Quiet Peacemakers. A Tribute to Teachers.INSTITUTION United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural

Organization, Paris (France) .; Education International,Brussels (Belgium).

PUB DATE 1998-09-00NOTE 42p.

AVAILABLE FROM UNESCO, Global Action Programme on Education for All, 7Place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France; Tel: (33-1) 4568 21 27; Fax: (33-1) 45 68 56 24; E-mail:t.murtagh@unesco.org; Web site:http://www.education.unesco.org

PUB TYPE Reports General (140)EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Consciousness Raising; Cultural Awareness; *Diversity

(Student); Elementary Secondary Education; MulticulturalEducation; *Peace; Student Attitudes; *Teachers; Violence

IDENTIFIERS *Peace Education; *Tolerance

ABSTRACTThis booklet, which is available in English, French, and

Spanish, presents articles by eight individuals from around the world whichdemonstrate how teachers worldwide are finding ways to show children how torespect those who are different from themselves. The teachers' mission is toprovide children with the means to overcome centuries-old tensions. After anintroduction, the articles are as follows: "Lessons in Dialogue" (OlwinFrost, Northern Ireland); "Lessons in Love" (M. Therese Ranee, A.C., SriLanka); "Lessons in Citizenship" (Pascal Diard, France) ; "Lessons inResistance" (Zohra T., Algeria) ; "Lesoons in Solidarity" (Teresa Gangemi,Italy); "Lessons in Reconciliation" (Marie-Laetitia'Kayirerwa, Burundi);"Lessons in Understanding" (Azijada Borovac, Bosnia and Herzegovina); and"Lessons in Responsibility" (Avi Black, United States) . (SM)

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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

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[SC

0

1

PE

RM

ISS

ION

TO

RE

PR

OD

UC

E A

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DIS

SE

MIN

AT

E T

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TO

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RC

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OR

MA

TIO

N C

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PA

RT

ME

NT

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ED

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AT

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ce o

f Edu

catio

nal R

esea

rch

and

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ent

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

RE

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UR

CE

S IN

FO

RM

AT

ION

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NT

ER

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)0

Thi

s do

cum

ent h

as b

een

repr

oduc

ed a

sre

ceiv

ed fr

om th

e pe

rson

or

orga

niza

tion

orig

inat

ing

it.

0 M

inor

cha

nges

hav

e be

en m

ade

toim

prov

e re

prod

uctio

n qu

ality

.

Poi

nts

of v

iew

or

opin

ions

sta

ted

in th

isdo

cum

ent d

o no

t nec

essa

rily

repr

esen

tof

ficia

l OE

RI p

ositi

on o

r po

licy.

A T

ribut

e to

Tea

cher

sB

ES

T C

OP

Y A

VA

ILA

BLE

13

The

Qvi

et P

eace

mak

ers

A T

ribut

e to

Tea

cher

s

1 In

trod

uctio

nLe

sson

s in

dia

logu

eO

lwin

Fro

st, N

orth

ern

Irel

and

6Le

sson

s in

love

M. T

here

se R

anee

, A.C

., S

ri La

nka

8 Le

sson

s in

citi

zens

hip

Pas

cal D

iard

, Fra

nce

10 L

esso

ns in

res

ista

nce

Zoh

ra T

., A

lger

ia

11 L

esso

ns in

sol

idar

ityT

eres

a G

ange

mi,

Italy

1q-

Less

ons

in r

econ

cilia

tion

Mar

ie-L

aetit

ia K

ayire

rwa,

Bur

undi

16 L

esso

ns in

und

erst

andi

ngA

zija

da B

orov

ac, B

osni

a an

d H

erze

govi

na

18 L

esso

ns in

res

pons

ibili

tyA

vi B

lack

, Uni

ted

Sta

tes

10 A

ckno

wle

dgem

ents

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AII

AB

LE

4

2

ot fo

r th

em th

e pr

ess

conf

eren

ces,

pho

to o

ppor

tuni

ties,

inte

rnat

iona

l aw

ards

nor

cong

ratu

lato

ry h

ands

hake

s. S

ocie

ty r

eser

ves

no fo

rm o

f rec

ogni

tion

for

the

"qui

et p

eace

mak

ers"

thos

e te

ache

rs w

ho d

evot

e th

eir

ener

gy to

build

ing

or r

esto

ring

peac

e th

roug

h th

eir

wor

k in

the

clas

sroo

m. F

ar fr

om th

e

publ

ic e

ye, t

heir

peac

e-bu

ildin

g ef

fort

s go

larg

ely

unno

ticed

.

Whe

ther

they

com

e fr

om c

onfli

ct z

ones

suc

h as

Alg

eria

, Bur

undi

, Bos

nia

and

Her

ze-

govi

na, N

orth

ern

Irel

and,

Sri

Lank

a or

so-

calle

d pe

acef

ul c

ount

ries

such

as

Fra

nce,

Ital

y or

the

Uni

ted

Sta

tes,

all

have

a v

isio

n of

thei

r m

issi

on a

s te

ache

rs. T

his

mis

sion

is to

pro

vide

child

ren

with

the

mea

ns to

ove

rcom

e ce

ntur

ies-

old

tens

ions

.

As

the

eigh

t ind

ivid

uals

in th

is b

roch

ure

ampl

y de

mon

stra

te, a

ll ov

er th

e w

orld

teac

hers

are

findi

ng w

ays

of s

how

ing

child

ren

how

to r

espe

ct th

ose

who

are

diff

eren

t fro

m

them

selv

es. I

n si

tuat

ions

of a

rmed

con

flict

, eth

nic

rival

ry o

r in

dis

turb

ed u

rban

enc

lave

s,

they

are

the

ones

who

inst

ill th

e va

lues

of p

eace

and

tole

ranc

e in

thei

r pu

pils

. And

this

, of

cour

se, i

s ho

w it

sho

uld

be, s

ince

edu

catio

n is

the

key

to b

uild

ing

peac

e in

the

min

ds o

f

men

, as

UN

ES

CO

's C

onst

itutio

n af

firm

s. "

Tol

eran

ce y

ou te

ach

only

by

bein

g to

lera

nt,"

decl

ares

Azi

jada

Bor

ovac

, the

Bos

nian

teac

her.

It is

abo

ve a

ll th

roug

h th

eir

exam

ple

that

thes

e te

ache

rs in

fluen

ce th

eir

pupi

ls.

We

mus

t the

refo

re h

elp

and

supp

ort t

hem

in th

eir

mis

sion

and

trai

n th

em in

how

to

teac

h va

lues

. We

mus

t als

o pr

ovid

e th

em w

ith a

ppro

pria

te te

achi

ng m

ater

ials

. Sch

ool

text

book

s sh

ould

be

care

fully

stu

died

so

that

they

do

not t

rans

mit

fals

e tr

uths

or

prej

udic

es

whi

ch m

ay, i

n th

e lo

ng-t

erm

, wor

k ag

ains

t pea

ce. "

How

man

y pa

ges

of h

isto

ry b

ooks

are

devo

ted

to w

ars

of th

is 2

0th

cent

ury

and

how

man

y to

its

peac

eful

con

ques

ts?"

ask

s

5

The

qvi

et P

eace

mak

ers

Fed

eric

o M

ayor

, UN

ES

CO

Dire

ctor

-Gen

eral

in L

a P

aix,

dem

ain

(Pea

ce T

omor

row

). "

We

know

ever

ythi

ng o

r al

mos

t of e

mpe

rors

and

gen

eral

s; b

ut w

hat d

o w

e kn

ow o

f sch

olar

s, w

riter

s,

artis

ts?

We

mus

t 'di

sarm

his

tory

' bot

h in

his

tory

boo

ks a

nd in

teac

hing

in g

ener

al.

It is

ofte

n a

mer

e ac

coun

t of b

attle

s an

d co

nflic

ts."

Wor

ld T

each

ers'

Day

(5

Oct

ober

) w

as la

unch

ed b

y U

NE

SC

O in

199

3 to

pro

mot

e

teac

hers

and

dra

w a

ttent

ion

to th

e dr

astic

dec

line

in th

eir

wor

king

con

ditio

ns in

man

y

coun

trie

s. U

NE

SC

O a

nd E

duca

tion

Inte

rnat

iona

l are

join

tly c

eleb

ratin

g its

fifth

ann

iver

sary

.

In th

is y

ear

of th

e 50

th a

nniv

ersa

ry o

f the

Uni

vers

al D

ecla

ratio

n of

Hum

an R

ight

s, w

e ca

ll

on y

ou to

rec

ogni

ze th

e pr

imor

dial

rol

e te

ache

rs p

lay

in p

rovi

ding

edu

catio

n an

d in

bui

ldin

g

peac

e. T

each

ers

shap

e th

e fu

ture

. Let

us

help

them

to tu

rn th

e ta

bles

on

the

logi

c of

war

and

educ

ate

tom

orro

w's

citi

zens

.

Col

in N

. Pow

er

Ass

ista

nt D

irect

or-G

ener

al fo

r E

duca

tion

UN

ES

CO

Fre

d va

n Le

euw

en

Gen

eral

Sec

reta

ry

Edu

catio

n In

tern

atio

nal

3

7A-

Less

on.s

in

he C

atho

lic a

nd P

rote

stan

t

com

mun

ities

in N

orth

ern

Irel

and

live

tota

lly s

egre

gate

d

lives

, in

sepa

rate

are

as, w

ith

sepa

rate

sch

ools

and

sep

arat

e ch

urch

es.

Onl

y 2

per

cent

of p

upils

atte

nd m

ixed

scho

ols.

One

of t

hem

is O

akw

ood

Inte

-

grat

ed P

rimar

y S

choo

l in

Bel

fast

.

"Our

site

is r

ight

at t

he in

terf

ace

of

Pro

test

ant a

nd C

atho

lic a

reas

so

we

get a

good

cro

ss-s

ectio

n of

chi

ldre

n,"

expl

ains

Olw

in F

rost

, the

prin

cipa

l of O

akw

ood.

Lik

e

the

pupi

ls' p

aren

ts, O

lwin

bel

ieve

s th

at

inte

grat

ed e

duca

tion

can

rem

ove

the

dis-

trus

t bet

wee

n th

e co

mm

uniti

es th

at h

as

fuel

led

thirt

y ye

ars

of s

ecta

rian

viol

ence

and

clai

med

ove

r 3,

000

vict

ims.

The

ann

ual

"mar

chin

g se

ason

", w

hen

Pro

test

ant

mar

chin

g ba

nds

atte

mpt

to p

arad

e th

roug

h

Cat

holic

are

as, i

s st

ill a

sou

rce

of c

omm

u-

nity

tens

ion.

Mor

e po

sitiv

ely,

in 1

998,

ove

r

70 p

er c

ent o

f vot

ers

appr

oved

a h

isto

ric

8

"Our

sch

ool I

,th

at th

e re

st o

f thl

Pea

ce A

gree

men

t and

the

crea

tion

of a

n

all-p

arty

Nor

ther

n Ir

elan

d A

ssem

bly,

deve

lopm

ents

whi

ch a

ugur

wel

l for

inte

grat

ed e

duca

tion.

"The

you

nges

t chi

ldre

n so

met

imes

use

pejo

rativ

e te

rms

like

"Tai

g" (

Cat

holic

) or

"Pro

d" (

Pro

test

ant)

. But

they

lear

n ve

ry

quic

kly

not t

o,"

rem

arks

Olw

in. "

We

try

to

brin

g ou

t the

chi

ldre

n's

own

idea

s of

acce

ptab

le b

ehav

iour

." T

oget

her,

teac

hers

and

child

ren

deve

lop

tech

niqu

es to

dea

l

with

con

flict

, with

em

phas

is o

n re

spec

ting

othe

rs' f

eelin

gs. "

If th

ey e

xper

ienc

e

viol

ence

in w

ord

or d

eed,

they

say

'Sto

p.

Tha

t hur

ts m

e', o

r 'T

hat h

urts

my

feel

ings

'.

The

n th

e ot

her

child

mus

t tak

e re

spon

si-

bilit

y fo

r th

e in

cide

nt, e

xpla

in w

hat h

ap-

pene

d or

apo

logi

ze if

it w

as d

elib

erat

e."

The

chi

ldre

n m

ake

thei

r ow

n ru

les

for

clas

sroo

m a

nd p

layg

roun

d, O

lwin

exp

lain

s.

"The

y di

scus

s an

d ag

ree

on th

em in

thei

r

own

lang

uage

'Be

kind

to e

ach

othe

r' or

'Wor

k qu

ietly

in c

lass

tim

e'. S

o if

they

tran

s-

gres

s, th

ey a

re b

reak

ing

thei

r ow

n ru

les.

"

Acc

ordi

ng to

par

ents

, som

e ch

ildre

n ap

ply

thes

e ru

les

at h

ome

as w

ell,

with

com

-

men

ts li

ke "

you

shou

ldn'

t use

that

wor

d,

beca

use

it hu

rts

my

frie

nds'

feel

ings

!"

Diff

eren

ces

betw

een

Cat

holic

s an

d

Pro

test

ants

indi

stin

guis

habl

e to

out

side

rs

are

addr

esse

d as

and

whe

n ch

ildre

n

brin

g th

em u

p. "

Tak

e th

e le

tter

'H'.

One

child

sai

d to

his

Cat

holic

teac

her:

'Mis

s, y

ou

don'

t pro

noun

ce th

e le

tter

'H' p

rope

rly. Y

ou

shou

ld s

ay a

itch.

' (th

e w

ay P

rote

stan

ts

pron

ounc

e it)

. So

she

repl

ied,

'You

can

say

it tw

o w

ays:

aitc

h or

hai

tch'

, and

he

acce

pted

that

."

Olw

in fo

rmer

ly ta

ught

in a

n al

l-

Pro

test

ant s

choo

l and

adm

its h

avin

g ha

d to

ques

tion

her

own

attit

udes

. "I t

houg

ht I

was

a tr

emen

dous

libe

ral.

But

my

fath

er

was

ver

y rig

ht-w

ing

and

anti-

Cat

holic

and

,

alth

ough

I ha

dn't

real

ized

it,

I had

car

ried

9

leal

ins

with

issu

es:o

vntr

y ha

sn't

thov

ght o

c ye

t."IC

AN

4vrm

s`t

Nor

ther

n Ir

elan

d

som

e of

that

bag

gage

with

me.

"

Nev

erth

eles

s, s

he s

ays

her

happ

iest

mom

ent w

as a

t a r

ecen

t Cat

holic

firs

t

com

mun

ion

cere

mon

y"t

he o

nly

one

in

Bel

fast

whe

re a

Pro

test

ant p

laye

d th

e

keyb

oard

and

ano

ther

, mys

elf,

sang

the

song

s. T

hat h

ad n

ever

hap

pene

d in

this

area

bef

ore.

"

Run

ning

Oak

woo

d is

tim

e-co

nsum

ing.

"It h

as ta

ken

over

my

life,

" O

lwin

adm

its.

"I d

on't

have

tim

e to

see

frie

nds

or fa

mily

.

I do

feel

dis

cour

aged

at t

imes

, but

I am

buoy

ed b

y th

e co

mm

itmen

t of t

he

pare

nts.

" S

he is

als

o aw

are

of th

e

valu

e of

her

wor

k. "

We

are

deal

ing

with

issu

es th

at th

e

rest

of t

he

coun

try

hasn

't

even

thou

ght

of y

et."

01.

in O

akw

ood

th.e

'Chi

jdi;e

n,

tric

tke

tfie

ii

6

Less

ons

i

0n

the

road

from

Col

ombo

,

the

Sri

Lank

an c

apita

l, to

the

nort

h-ea

st o

f the

cou

ntry

lies

a

regi

on w

here

arm

ed s

trug

gle

has

been

rag

ing

for

fifte

en y

ears

. War

betw

een

gove

rnm

ent a

rmed

forc

es a

nd

Tam

il fr

eedo

m fi

ghte

rs a

s w

ell a

s fr

eque

nt

clas

hes

betw

een

Tam

ils a

nd M

uslim

s ha

ve

cut t

he a

rea

off f

rom

the

rest

of t

he

coun

try.

Tho

usan

ds o

f chi

ldre

n ha

ve lo

st

thei

r pa

rent

s in

the

fight

ing.

Sis

ter

The

rese

Ran

ee is

the

prin

cipa

l of

Sai

nt M

ary'

s C

olle

ge in

the

pict

ures

que

tow

n of

Trin

com

alee

a m

ulti-

raci

al,

mul

ti-re

ligio

us a

nd m

ulti-

lingu

al c

omm

unity

of 1

0,00

0 in

habi

tant

s. In

the

afte

rmat

h of

viol

ent o

utbr

eaks

, the

pup

ils fr

om th

e

diffe

rent

eth

nic

grou

ps te

nd to

avo

id e

ach

othe

r. "

The

se s

ituat

ions

req

uire

car

eful

hand

ling,

" sa

ys S

iste

r T

here

se. "

Afte

r on

e

such

out

brea

k, a

few

Mus

lim c

hild

ren

wan

ted

to le

ave

the

scho

ol b

ut I

pers

uade

d

12

thei

r pa

rent

s to

let t

hem

sta

y on

."

"The

tens

e cl

imat

e in

whi

ch th

e ch

ildre

n

live

som

etim

es m

ake

them

moo

dy,"

say

s

Sis

ter

The

rese

. "T

o re

lax

the

atm

osph

ere,

I

orga

nize

frie

ndly

net

ball

tour

nam

ents

for

the

com

mun

ity. A

t firs

t, th

e S

inha

lese

and

Tam

ils r

emai

n to

tally

apa

rt b

ut b

y in

volv

ing

the

teac

hers

and

ser

ving

ref

resh

men

ts I

brin

g th

em to

geth

er."

Mus

lims,

Sin

hale

se

and

Tam

ils n

ow m

eet o

n oc

casi

ons

such

as

spor

ts d

ay o

r pa

rent

s' d

ay, a

nd S

iste

r

The

rese

is o

ptim

istic

abo

ut in

tegr

atio

n.

"The

Sin

hale

se u

sed

to th

ink

that

all

Tam

ils

wer

e 'te

rror

ists

'. N

ow th

is fe

elin

g is

slo

wly

disa

ppea

ring.

The

re is

not

as

muc

h

bitte

rnes

s as

ten

or fi

fteen

yea

rs a

go,"

she

says

. "I b

elie

ve in

the

vibr

atio

n of

hea

rts,

"

decl

ares

Sis

ter

The

rese

. "T

he h

eart

is th

e

seat

of l

ove

or h

atre

d."

She

her

self

trie

s to

achi

eve

inne

r pe

ace

ever

y da

y be

fore

goi

ng

to s

choo

l. S

he is

then

rea

dy to

hel

p pe

ople

"The

hea

rt i.

M. T

he?e

sq

mak

e pe

ace

with

them

selv

es a

nd o

ther

s.

"The

teac

her

sets

the

tone

of t

he c

lass

and

its s

urro

undi

ngs

and

if he

or

she

is p

eace

-

lovi

ng th

en th

e su

rrou

ndin

gs a

nd p

eopl

e

will

be

peac

eful

."

Sis

ter

The

rese

had

her

Tam

il st

uden

ts

lear

n S

inha

lese

to im

prov

e in

tera

ctio

n

betw

een

the

com

mun

ities

. "K

now

ing

thei

r

lang

uage

, Tam

il pu

pils

can

con

vers

e w

ith

Sin

hale

se c

hild

ren

and

expr

ess

thei

r as

pira

-

tions

and

long

ings

," s

he c

laim

s. "

The

mor

e

they

inte

ract

with

eac

h ot

her,

the

mor

e

feel

ings

they

sha

re a

nd th

e ea

sier

it w

ill b

e

to li

ve a

s ne

ighb

ours

in th

e sa

me

plac

e."

To

furt

her

build

up

brok

en r

elat

ions

hips

,

Sis

ter

The

rese

enc

oura

ges

her

Tam

il

stud

ents

to le

arn

the

trad

ition

al S

inha

lese

danc

es, w

hich

they

per

form

on

Par

ents

'

Day

in c

ostu

mes

bor

row

ed fr

om a

Sin

hale

se

scho

ol. "

It is

an

idea

l occ

asio

n fo

r th

e

pare

nts

to a

ppre

ciat

e th

e va

lue

of o

ther

cultu

res"

.

13

the

seat

love

or

hatr

ed."

Rcr

nee,

A.C

.Sr

i Lan

ka

In h

er m

ost d

arin

g in

itiat

ive,

Sis

ter

The

rese

take

s he

r pu

pils

for

a fe

w d

ays

at a

time

on "

expo

sure

pro

gram

mes

" to

Sin

ha-

lese

dis

tric

ts in

Col

ombo

. "M

y co

lleag

ues

feel

I'm

taki

ng r

isks

, but

I kn

ow th

at th

e

scho

ol v

isits

, the

dan

ce p

erfo

rman

ces

and

spor

ts a

ctiv

ities

tran

sfor

m th

eir

min

ds a

nd

the

bitte

rnes

s of

the

past

bec

omes

less

or

is

forg

otte

n."

143E

ST C

OPY

AV

ML

AB

LE

15

8Le

.sso

ns in

iti,z

ensh

ip"it

's th

e fu

rthe

st P

vfI h

ave

final

ly b

ecom

eth

e te

ache

r

pasc

al D

iard

teac

hes

hist

ory

in th

e

Hen

ri B

arbu

sse

scho

ol in

St D

enis

, one

of t

he s

o-ca

lled

"diff

icul

t sub

urbs

" of

Par

is. L

ocal

land

mar

ks in

clud

e th

e tw

elfth

-cen

tury

basi

lica

whe

re th

e ki

ngs

of F

ranc

e ar

e

burie

d, th

e gl

eam

ing

stad

ium

bui

lt fo

r th

e

1998

Wor

ld C

up a

nd, a

way

from

the

tour

ist t

rail,

clu

ster

s of

low

-ren

t tow

er

bloc

ks o

r ci

tes

whi

ch h

ave

com

e to

sym

boliz

e ur

ban

alie

natio

n.

"As

a m

ajor

indu

stria

l cen

tre,

St D

enis

was

a m

agne

t for

imm

igra

nt w

orke

rs fr

om

the

poor

er r

egio

ns o

f Fra

nce,

Eur

ope,

the

Mag

hreb

, Afr

ica,

the

Wes

t Ind

ies

and

Sou

thea

st A

sia,

" ex

plai

ns P

asca

l. T

he 6

00

stud

ents

at h

is s

choo

l ref

lect

this

div

ersi

ty,

but t

he jo

bs th

at a

ttrac

ted

thei

r gr

and-

pare

nts

are

gone

, and

the

nam

e S

t Den

is

now

evo

kes

depr

ivat

ion

and

excl

usio

n.

Sch

ool-l

eavi

ng (

bacc

alau

réat

) ex

am

resu

lts a

re th

e lo

wes

t in

Fra

nce,

you

th

16

unem

ploy

men

t is

over

40

per

cent

and

mis

trus

t of a

utho

rity

runs

hig

h.

Occ

asio

nally

, fru

stra

tion

expl

odes

in

viol

ent o

utbr

eaks

bet

wee

n yo

uth

gang

s

and

polic

e. T

his

viol

ence

spi

lls o

ver

into

the

scho

ol in

the

form

of i

nsul

ts, b

raw

ls o

r

vand

alis

m. P

asca

l offe

rs s

tude

nts

an a

lter-

nativ

e: th

e cu

lture

of d

ebat

e. "

I try

to p

rove

that

they

are

cap

able

of r

efle

ctio

n an

d th

at

thei

r op

inio

ns a

re a

s va

lid a

s m

ine.

" H

e

initi

ates

his

stu

dent

s by

deg

rees

. "F

irst t

hey

choo

se a

them

e, fi

nd d

ocum

ents

and

pre

-

pare

thei

r ar

gum

ents

. The

n th

ey le

arn

to

defe

nd th

eir

own

poin

t of v

iew

whi

le

resp

ectin

g th

e ot

her

pers

on's

." P

asca

l film

s

the

disc

ussi

ons,

whi

ch a

re c

ondu

cted

"lik

e

deba

tes

on te

levi

sion

". H

e al

so o

pens

up

the

clas

sroo

m to

gue

st s

peak

ers.

"W

hen

we

stud

ied

Rw

anda

, a R

adio

Fra

nce

jour

nalis

t cam

e in

. Whe

n w

e di

d H

irosh

ima

and

Nag

asak

i, w

e in

vite

d ca

mpa

igne

rs b

oth

for

and

agai

nst n

ucle

ar te

stin

g."

The

mos

t sat

isfy

ing

proj

ect o

f Pas

cal's

care

er p

rese

nted

itse

lf al

mos

t by

chan

ce.

Whe

n hi

s cl

ass

of 1

4- to

17-

yea

r-ol

ds w

ere

stud

ying

a b

ook

on th

e co

ncen

trat

ion

cam

ps, b

orro

wed

from

the

loca

l lib

rary

,

they

foun

d th

e pa

ges

cove

red

with

rac

ist,

neo-

nazi

slo

gans

, sw

astik

as a

nd e

xtra

va-

gant

pra

ise

for

Hitl

er.

Pas

cal a

sked

: "W

hat d

o yo

u th

ink?

Sho

uld

peop

le h

ave

the

right

to w

rite

such

thin

gs?"

Som

e st

uden

ts w

ere

shoc

ked,

but

othe

rs a

rgue

d th

at r

acis

ts h

ave

the

right

to

expr

ess

opin

ions

too.

So

they

stu

died

vario

us a

nti-r

acis

m la

ws

and

disc

over

ed

that

suc

h ac

ts w

ere

illeg

al. O

ne b

oy w

as s

o

indi

gnan

t, he

exc

laim

ed "

If I e

ver

find

the

guy

who

did

that

, I'll

bea

t him

up!

"

The

pro

ject

dev

elop

ed in

to a

cam

paig

n.

The

cla

ss w

rote

to th

e lo

cal l

ibra

rian,

the

may

or, t

he F

renc

h M

inis

ters

of t

he In

terio

r,

Just

ice,

Edu

catio

n an

d C

ultu

re a

s w

ell a

s

hum

an-r

ight

s an

d an

ti-ra

cist

org

aniz

atio

ns.

17

ever

take

n a

clas

s.ha

veal

way

sw

ante

d to

Nsg

c)0

Pk)

)

The

y ex

pres

sed

thei

r di

sgus

t at t

he r

acis

t

slog

ans

and

requ

este

d su

ppor

t in

purs

uing

the

culp

rit(s

), g

ettin

g th

e bo

ok w

ithdr

awn

from

circ

ulat

ion,

and

info

rmin

g th

e lo

cal

popu

latio

n th

at s

uch

acts

wou

ld n

ot b

e

tole

rate

d.

The

ir ac

tion

brou

ght u

nhop

ed-f

orre

sults

, whi

ch w

ere

cove

red

in th

e lo

cal

pres

s. T

he m

ayor

wro

te to

con

grat

ulat

e th

e

stud

ents

on

thei

r vi

gila

nce

and

civi

c sp

irit.

The

offe

ndin

g co

py w

as w

ithdr

awn

from

circ

ulat

ion.

Thi

s in

volv

emen

t with

the

wid

er s

ocie

ty

galv

aniz

ed th

e st

uden

ts. "

It w

as a

rea

l

cultu

ral r

evol

utio

n,"

rem

arks

Pas

cal.

"The

y

real

ized

that

they

cou

ld m

ake

a di

ffere

nce.

It ch

ange

d th

eir

idea

s ab

out t

hem

selv

es.

The

y be

cam

e m

ore

tole

rant

, sho

wed

mor

e

resp

ect f

or e

ach

othe

r. T

he o

ther

teac

hers

wer

e am

azed

."

The

exp

erie

nce

also

tran

sfor

med

Pas

cal,

who

for

the

first

tim

e in

his

car

eer

gave

an

18

Fran

ce

be."

entir

e cl

ass

a st

raig

ht A

."I

t's th

e fu

rthe

st

I've

ever

take

n a

clas

s."

he a

dmits

. "I h

ave

final

ly b

ecom

e th

e te

ache

r I h

ave

alw

ays

wan

ted

to b

e."

As

thei

rci

nti-r

ociS

tri

Pro

jettt

.°°k Cci

up! .

s..r

nO.:e

".fr

om th

ern

4:1r,

3ns

; of

.oci

ety

toct

ive

citiz

ensh

ip

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

toLe

sson

s in

lger

ia p

lung

ed in

to a

n

unpr

eced

ente

d ni

ghtm

are

in

1992

, fol

low

ing

the

canc

el-

latio

n of

the

seco

nd r

ound

of

its fi

rst-

ever

dem

ocra

tic g

ener

al e

lect

ions

,

of w

hich

the

first

had

bee

n w

on b

y th

e

radi

cal I

slam

ic S

alva

tion

Fro

nt (

FIS

) pa

rty.

A w

ave

of a

ssas

sina

tions

beg

an w

hich

targ

eted

all

soci

al g

roup

s: th

e el

ite, t

he

polic

e, jo

urna

lists

, tea

cher

s an

d or

dina

ry

citiz

ens.

Mas

sive

terr

oris

t atta

cks

and

car

bom

bs w

ere

used

to te

rror

ize

Alg

eria

ns in

the

nam

e of

rel

igio

n, a

lthou

gh Is

lam

has

neve

r ca

lled

for

barb

aric

act

s.

The

isol

ated

and

def

ence

less

inha

bita

nts

of R

ais,

Ben

talh

a, S

idi H

amed

and

man

y

othe

r vi

llage

s w

ere

subj

ecte

d to

mas

sacr

es

whi

ch le

ft th

ousa

nds

dead

, inc

ludi

ng

child

ren.

In 1

997,

ele

ven

wom

en te

ache

rs

and

sixt

een

pupi

ls w

ere

mur

dere

d in

Ain

Add

en. V

illag

ers

now

live

in te

rror

of g

oing

abou

t the

ir ev

eryd

ay a

ctiv

ities

, as

the

2 0

"1'1

1 st

ay w

ith m

yev

en

extr

emis

ts is

sued

ord

ers

agai

nst g

oing

to

wor

k or

sch

ool,

on p

ain

of d

eath

.

For

teac

hers

in A

lger

ia to

day,

hol

ding

clas

s is

in it

self

an a

ct o

f pea

ce. I

t mai

ntai

ns

a "n

orm

al"

rout

ine

for

child

ren

and

pro-

vide

s th

em w

ith th

e ed

ucat

ion

that

is th

eir

right

.In

a b

ulle

t-sc

arre

d sc

hool

in th

e he

art

of th

e re

gion

kno

wn

as "

the

tria

ngle

of

deat

h" is

one

suc

h te

ache

r, Z

ohra

T.

Zoh

ra h

as n

arro

wly

esc

aped

dea

th

seve

ral t

imes

, not

ably

dur

ing

the

mas

sacr

e

at B

enta

lha,

whe

re s

he li

ves.

"T

hat n

ight

,"

she

rem

embe

rs, "

I tho

ught

my

hour

had

com

e, b

ut it

had

n't.

I will

nev

er fo

rget

the

crie

s of

my

neig

hbou

rs a

s th

ey w

ere

tor-

ture

d w

ith k

nive

s or

the

scre

ams

of th

e

child

ren

who

wer

e ro

unde

d up

and

bur

ned

aliv

e."

Tha

nkfu

lly, t

he n

eigh

bour

's h

ouse

whe

re s

he a

nd h

er fa

mily

took

ref

uge

was

spar

ed. S

he w

as p

rofo

undl

y to

uche

d w

hen

her

pupi

ls r

iske

d th

e jo

urne

y th

e ne

xt d

ay

to s

ee if

she

had

sur

vive

d.

a

pupi

lsif

it c

osts

me

my

life.

"Z

cAm

As

teac

hers

are

on

a hi

t-lis

t, Z

ohra

's

jour

ney

to a

nd fr

om s

choo

l is

espe

cial

ly

haza

rdou

s. S

he h

as b

een

phys

ical

ly

atta

cked

twic

e. D

espi

te a

pos

ter

cam

paig

n

war

ning

teac

hers

to s

top

wor

king

, she

cont

inue

s to

do

her

job

in a

set

ting

that

rese

mbl

es a

bat

tlefie

ld. T

he s

choo

l has

been

sho

t at a

nd h

ome-

mad

e bo

mbs

hav

e

caus

ed fi

res.

"G

od g

ave

me

life,

and

he

will

take

it a

way

aga

in,"

she

say

s re

sign

edly

.

"So

why

be

afra

id?"

She

is e

ncou

rage

d by

the

fact

that

her

pup

ils c

ontin

ue to

atte

nd,

just

as

they

in tu

rn a

re e

ncou

rage

d by

her

pres

ence

. "M

y pu

pils

nee

d m

e an

d I m

ust

adm

it I g

et m

y co

urag

e fr

om th

em. W

e

need

eac

h ot

her.

The

re is

a s

ort o

f

com

plic

ity b

etw

een

us." 22

Alg

eria

Zoh

ra n

eede

d al

l her

cou

rage

whe

n on

e

of h

er p

upils

, Mou

loud

, was

sta

bbed

to

deat

h. "

Whe

n hi

s cl

assm

ates

hea

rd th

e

new

s, th

ey w

ere

unco

ntro

llabl

e,"

she

reca

lls. "

We

all c

ried

for

two

days

."

With

her

col

leag

ues,

she

mad

e a

poin

t

of c

ance

lling

cla

sses

so

they

cou

ld a

ll

atte

nd th

e fu

nera

l. "T

here

was

a v

ery

real

fear

of r

epris

als

at s

uch

a la

rge

gath

erin

g,"

she

rem

embe

rs, "

but w

e w

ante

d to

exp

ress

our

supp

ort a

nd o

ur a

nger

."

Alm

ost e

very

chi

ld in

Zoh

ra's

cla

ss h

as a

horr

or s

tory

to te

ll. O

ne lo

st h

is p

aren

ts in

a

mas

sacr

e; a

noth

er is

wai

ting

for

new

s of

his

fath

er, w

ho w

as k

idna

pped

; yet

ano

ther

is

tem

pora

rily

hous

ed w

ith r

elat

ions

. Man

y

have

suf

fere

d in

jurie

s. S

he li

sten

s to

eac

h

one,

offe

ring

cons

olat

ion

and

enco

urag

e-

men

t. O

ther

pup

ils a

re b

roth

ers

and

sist

ers

of k

now

n te

rror

ists

, but

Zoh

ra tr

eats

thes

e

child

ren

the

sam

e as

all

the

othe

rs w

hen

givi

ng c

lass

.

"Pea

ce is

an

idea

l for

me,

" sh

e ex

plai

ns.

"Jus

t giv

ing

my

less

ons

as th

ough

ever

ythi

ng w

ere

norm

al is

my

way

of

achi

evin

g it.

The

re is

a p

lot t

o br

ing

Alg

eria

to it

s kn

ees

by te

rror

izin

g th

e po

pula

tion.

The

chi

ldre

n un

ders

tand

that

they

mus

t

mee

t thi

s ch

alle

nge,

whi

ch is

why

they

cont

inue

to b

rave

dan

ger

and

com

e to

clas

s."

BE

ST

CO

PY

AV

AIL

AB

LELc

J

I 1

Less

ons

i nca

lf)/

2 4

"Iam

conv

ince

dca

ndi

sman

tle s

tere

otyp

es a

nd

Ter

esa

Gan

gem

i, a

Sic

ilian

,

teac

hes

Italia

n, h

isto

ry a

nd

geog

raph

y at

Ter

ragn

i Sch

ool

in O

lgia

te, c

lose

to th

e Ita

lian-

Sw

iss

fron

tier

in n

orth

ern

Italy

. Des

pite

its

afflu

ence

, Olg

iate

offe

rs y

oung

peo

ple

little

cultu

ral s

timul

atio

n an

d T

eres

a w

orrie

s

abou

t the

influ

ence

of x

enop

hobi

c br

eak-

away

mov

emen

ts. E

ager

to g

ain

auto

nom

y

from

thei

r po

orer

cou

nter

part

s in

the

sout

h, th

ey a

re c

reat

ing

a cl

imat

e of

rac

ism

and

into

lera

nce

likel

y to

hav

e lo

ng-t

erm

effe

cts

on y

oung

peo

ple.

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

Ter

esa

com

bats

the

idea

that

,

25

'hats

ivin

8ch

ildre

nm

ore

info

rmat

ion

Iirni

nate

pre

ivdi

ce."

TgN

isca

So[fle0

Italy

"Tee

nage

rs to

day

face

incr

easi

ng d

iffi-

culti

es in

con

stru

ctin

g th

eir

iden

tity,

" T

eres

a

clai

ms.

"T

hey

tend

to a

dopt

rel

ativ

ely

infle

xibl

e at

titud

es."

To

coun

tera

ct th

is

tend

ency

, Ter

esa

has

set h

erse

lf a

mis

sion

:

to e

xpan

d he

r st

uden

ts' h

oriz

ons

and

initi

ate

them

into

a d

iffer

ent,

mor

e

gene

rous

way

of s

eein

g gl

obal

issu

es.

The

bre

ak-u

p of

form

er Y

ugos

lavi

a

crea

ted

a w

ar fr

ont a

ver

y sh

ort d

ista

nce

away

, whi

ch p

rese

nted

an

open

ing

for

a

peac

e-ed

ucat

ion

appr

oach

. To

mak

e he

r

stud

ents

mor

e aw

are

of w

hat w

as

happ

enin

g th

ere,

Ter

esa

initi

ated

con

tact

with

a s

choo

l in

Sar

ajev

o, w

ith w

hich

her

stud

ents

are

now

in c

onst

ant c

onta

ct.

In g

eogr

aphy

cla

ss,"

she

add

s, "

we

pay

less

atte

ntio

n to

riv

ers

and

lake

s th

an

to e

nviro

nmen

t, w

ater

res

ourc

es, d

emo-

grap

hy, m

igra

tions

, ref

ugee

s an

d ec

ono-

mic

s ba

sed

on ju

stic

e."

Whi

le r

esea

rchi

ng

glob

al is

sues

, her

stu

dent

s so

met

imes

26

reve

rse

the

role

s: "

The

y ar

e th

e on

es w

ho

supp

ly m

e w

ith n

ews

and

docu

men

tatio

n

from

the

med

ia, b

ooks

and

the

Inte

rnet

."

Ter

esa

neve

r le

ctur

es h

er 1

5- a

nd 1

6-

year

-old

stu

dent

s ab

out r

acis

m a

nd in

tole

r-

ance

, but

she

con

stan

tly s

tres

ses

the

con-

cept

of d

iver

sity

and

the

rela

tive

natu

re o

f

poin

ts o

f vie

w. O

ne w

ay s

he d

oes

this

is b

y

setti

ng a

mul

ticul

tura

l rea

ding

list

: "I

reco

mm

end

auth

ors

from

all

over

the

wor

ld

in o

rder

to li

sten

thro

ugh

thei

r st

orie

s

to th

e vo

ices

of t

hose

who

are

diff

eren

t

from

us.

"

Bot

h in

side

and

out

side

the

clas

sroo

m,

Ter

esa'

s st

uden

ts h

ave

resp

onde

d to

her

enco

urag

emen

t to

inte

ract

with

the

wid

er

wor

ld. W

ith th

e he

lp o

f sol

idar

ity a

ssoc

i-

atio

ns, s

ome

stud

ents

lear

ned

to p

ract

ice

fair

trad

e. T

hey

sold

eco

logi

cally

-sou

nd

craf

ts fr

om d

evel

opin

g co

untr

ies

at p

rices

that

ens

ured

a fa

ir w

age

for

the

peop

le

who

mad

e th

em.

Last

yea

r, th

ey c

arrie

d ou

t a p

roje

ct o

n

child

labo

ur. T

hey

rais

ed fu

nds

at c

ake

sale

s

to p

ut fo

rmer

wor

king

chi

ldre

n ba

ck to

scho

ol a

nd la

unch

ed a

cam

paig

n to

boy

cott

prod

ucts

mad

e us

ing

child

labo

ur. O

ne

stud

ent j

oked

: "I n

ever

imag

ined

that

goi

ng

shop

ping

cou

ld b

ring

abou

t a r

evol

utio

n!"

27'3

14-

Les

sons

in

"You

can

'tE

ither

you

have

it in

you

r he

arM

ica-

L)c)

0M@

n B

urun

di, t

he fi

fteen

th p

oore

st

Icou

ntry

in th

e w

orld

, 80

per

cent

of th

e po

pula

tion

lives

bel

ow th

e

pove

rty

line.

Rec

ent u

nres

t, th

e

scar

city

of f

ood

impo

rts

and

high

food

pric

es h

ave

furt

her

set i

ts e

cono

my

back

.

Bur

undi

sha

res

sim

ilar

ethn

ic a

nd

cultu

ral c

hara

cter

istic

s w

ith R

wan

da, w

here

ethn

ic v

iole

nce

kille

d 2

mill

ion

peop

le in

1994

. Ten

sion

bet

wee

n T

utsi

s an

d H

utus

in B

urun

di fl

ared

up

in 1

993,

kill

ing

thou

sand

s an

d te

mpo

raril

y di

spla

cing

alm

ost a

mill

ion

peop

le. S

choo

ls w

ere

requ

isiti

oned

for

refu

gees

or

burn

t dow

n

and

child

ren

aban

done

d th

e cl

assr

oom

s.

Now

that

a fr

agile

pea

ce is

gra

dual

ly

gain

ing

grou

nd, f

amili

es a

re r

etur

ning

hom

e an

d ch

ildre

n ar

e.go

ing

back

to

scho

ol.

Tod

ay, 4

3-ye

ar-o

ld M

arie

-Lae

titia

Kay

irerw

a br

ings

up

her

five

child

ren

alon

e

(her

hus

band

of a

diff

eren

t eth

nic

grou

p

28

left

her

durin

g th

e w

ar).

Afte

r th

e ki

lling

s,

she

adop

ted

her

youn

gest

chi

ld, a

6-w

eek-

old

girl

who

se p

aren

ts h

ad b

een

mas

sacr

ed.

Mar

ie-L

aetit

ia te

ache

s in

the

Ste

lla

Mat

utin

a P

rimar

y sc

hool

in B

ujum

bura

,

whi

ch w

as s

pare

d th

e de

stru

ctio

n m

eted

out t

o ot

hers

. Tod

ay, i

t is

atte

nded

by

mor

e

than

1,0

00 c

hild

ren

Tut

sis,

Hut

us a

nd

Tw

as a

s w

ell a

s R

wan

dan

natio

nals

and

a

teac

hing

sta

ff of

fort

y.

"You

can

't te

ach

peac

e,"

says

Mar

ie-

Laet

itia.

"E

ither

you

hav

e it

in y

our

hear

t or

you

don'

t. T

each

ers

mus

t not

atta

ch

impo

rtan

ce to

eth

nic

orig

in. T

hey

mus

t

mak

e th

e ch

ildre

n fe

el a

t eas

e w

ith e

ach

othe

r an

d pr

ove

to th

em th

at th

ey a

re a

ll

alik

e."

Mar

ie-L

aetit

ia p

assi

onat

ely

belie

ves

in

the

basi

c go

odne

ss o

f chi

ldre

n. S

he w

orrie

s

neve

rthe

less

that

her

pup

ils w

ill g

radu

ally

beco

me

"con

tam

inat

ed"

by th

eir

pare

nts'

prej

udic

es. H

er fe

ar is

par

tly b

orne

out

by

a

rece

nt in

cide

nt: "

One

day

whe

n I a

rriv

ed

in c

lass

my

pupi

ls h

ad w

ritte

n th

e te

ache

rs'

nam

es o

n th

e bl

ackb

oard

alo

ng w

ith th

e

ethn

ic g

roup

s th

ey b

elon

ged

to. I

t was

obvi

ous

they

wer

e w

aitin

g to

see

how

I wou

ld r

eact

. I s

impl

y as

ked

them

to w

ipe

off t

he b

oard

and

con

tinue

d cl

ass

as if

noth

ing

had

happ

ened

. The

y ne

ver

brou

ght

up th

e qu

estio

n ag

ain.

"

Des

pite

suc

h in

cide

nts,

Mar

ie-L

aetit

ia

belie

ves

that

her

pup

ils d

o no

t gra

sp th

e

full

exte

nt o

f com

mun

ity te

nsio

n, w

hich

she

clai

ms

is a

n ad

ult p

reoc

cupa

tion.

She

reco

unts

an

inci

dent

in th

e sc

hool

pla

y-

grou

nd w

hich

con

vinc

ed h

er o

f thi

s: a

boy

got a

bla

ck e

ye w

hile

pla

ying

foot

ball

with

his

com

rade

s. H

is fa

ther

turn

ed u

p in

scho

ol d

eman

ding

to k

now

whi

ch c

hild

had

hit h

is s

on. W

hen

he d

isco

vere

d th

at th

e

culp

rit w

as fr

om a

diff

eren

t eth

nic

orig

in,

he e

xcla

imed

: "I m

ight

hav

e kn

own

it w

as

one

of th

em!"

But

the

othe

r ch

ildre

n ra

llied

29

each

peac

e.t y

ovdo

n'"

Vli?

V'M

caB

y ru

n d

to h

is d

efen

ce a

nd in

sist

ed th

at n

o of

fenc

e

was

inte

nded

. "T

he c

hild

ren

had

the

last

wor

d,"

says

Mar

ie-L

aetit

ia.

Mar

ie-L

aetit

ia c

laim

s to

hav

e no

rec

ipe

for

peac

e te

achi

ng. S

he b

elie

ves

it is

enou

gh to

set

an

exam

ple.

"B

y ed

ucat

ing

child

ren

for

peac

e w

e ar

e se

tting

the

foun

-

datio

ns o

f a b

ette

r so

ciet

y,"

she

decl

ares

.

"You

can

't fo

ol c

hild

ren:

they

rea

d ev

ery-

thin

g on

you

r fa

ce a

nd ju

dge

from

the

rela

tions

you

hav

e w

ith c

olle

ague

s an

d

neig

hbou

rs."

of+

Mar

ie-L

aetit

ia -

Fea

rs th

at h

erpv

pils

will

bec

ome

'con

tam

inat

ed'

by th

eir.

pare

nts'

pre

judi

ces.

3 0

BE

ST

CO

PY A

VA

ITIA

BL

E

The

ugl

y te

rm o

f "et

hnic

clea

nsin

g" fi

rst a

ppea

red

in

1992

in fo

rmer

Yug

osla

via

whe

n, in

an

atte

mpt

to c

reat

e

two

natio

nal s

tate

s, S

erbi

a an

d C

roat

ia,

extr

eme

natio

nalis

ts a

mon

g th

e B

osni

an

Ser

bs c

arrie

d ou

t a p

olic

y of

mas

s m

urde

r

and

dest

ruct

ion

agai

nst n

on-S

erbs

. Lat

er,

Bos

nian

Cro

at e

xtre

mis

ts a

ttem

pted

to

"cle

anse

" th

eir

terr

itorie

s by

sim

ilar

mea

ns.

The

res

ultin

g de

ath

toll

has

been

est

imat

ed

at 2

50,0

00.

Like

man

y ot

hers

, 45-

year

-old

Azi

jada

Bor

ovac

lost

fam

ily m

embe

rshe

r hu

s-

band

's p

aren

tsas

wel

l as

her

hom

e in

the

deva

stat

ed d

istr

ict n

ear

Sar

ajev

o

airp

ort.

Alth

ough

teac

hers

wer

e no

t pai

d

durin

g th

e w

ar, s

he c

ontin

ued

to te

ach

at

Osm

an N

akas

Sch

ool,

whi

ch w

as a

perm

anen

t tar

get a

s th

e bu

ildin

g w

as

occu

pied

by

the

arm

y of

Bos

nia

and

Her

zego

vina

.

32

"Tol

eran

ceyo

ton

ly b

)

The

chi

ldre

n w

ere

deep

ly a

ffect

ed, b

oth

durin

g an

d im

med

iate

ly a

fter

the

war

.

"Som

e re

fuse

d to

spe

ak, o

ther

s ha

d

beha

viou

ral p

robl

ems.

It w

as n

ot e

asy

to

get t

hrou

gh to

them

, to

get t

hem

to ta

lk

abou

t the

ir fe

ars.

" A

zija

da w

as c

once

rned

and

deci

ded

to ta

ke a

ctio

n. "

I cou

ldn'

t

hand

le it

on

my

own,

" sh

e ad

mits

. She

atte

nded

a s

emin

ar w

ith lo

cal d

octo

rs

abou

t dea

ling

with

trau

mat

ized

chi

ldre

n,

and

cons

ulte

d pa

rent

s so

they

cou

ld w

ork

toge

ther

. "I a

lso

aske

d th

e sc

hool

psy

chol

o-

gist

to ta

lk to

bot

h pa

rent

s an

d ch

ildre

n,"

she

adds

. "W

e al

l had

the

sam

e go

al: t

o

prev

ent w

ar a

nd d

estr

uctio

n fr

om h

arm

ing

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f the

chi

ld's

per

sona

lity.

"

Nev

erth

eles

s, A

zija

da fe

els

that

mos

t

teac

hers

are

une

quip

ped.

"W

e ne

ed s

erio

us

trai

ning

for

wor

k w

ith tr

aum

atiz

ed

child

ren,

" sh

e cl

aim

s.

For

a w

hile

, the

pup

ils e

xpre

ssed

res

ent-

men

t aga

inst

ret

urne

es. "

The

chi

ldre

n w

ho

stay

ed b

ehin

d im

agin

e th

at th

ose

who

left

had

an e

asy

life,

with

sw

eets

and

choc

olat

e, n

ice

clot

hes

and

elec

tric

ity.

Per

haps

som

e of

them

did

, but

oth

er

Bos

nian

ref

ugee

s liv

ed in

clo

sed

cam

ps,"

Azi

jada

poi

nts

out.

All

scho

ols

in B

osni

a an

d H

erze

govi

na

are

theo

retic

ally

mul

tieth

nic.

But

a fa

ther

rece

ntly

obj

ecte

d to

his

dau

ghte

r si

tting

besi

de a

boy

from

a m

ixed

, Ser

b-C

roat

,

mar

riage

. Oth

er p

aren

ts o

bjec

ted

whe

n sh

e

taug

ht th

e C

yrill

ic a

lpha

bet,

used

onl

y by

Ser

bs. "

I had

to p

ersu

ade

them

that

man

y

good

boo

ks w

ere

writ

ten

in C

yrill

ic."

Nev

er-

thel

ess,

Azi

jada

str

esse

s th

at s

uch

inci

dent

s

are

rare

. "W

e ce

lebr

ate

all t

he h

olid

ays

in

my

clas

sroo

m: E

aste

r, C

hris

tmas

(bo

th

Cat

holic

and

Ort

hodo

x), t

he M

uslim

feas

t of

Baj

ram

, and

man

y ot

hers

. Chi

ldre

n br

ing

in

colo

ured

egg

s at

Eas

ter

and

bakl

ava

past

ries

for

Baj

ram

. It m

akes

them

clo

ser

and

mor

e

tole

rant

tow

ards

eac

h ot

her.

"

33

leac

h

)ein

gto

lera

nt."

A%

rrac

,[3

g2©

vag.

Bos

nia

and

Her

zeso

vina

The

se d

ays,

Azi

jada

spe

nds

less

tim

e

heal

ing

the

scar

s of

war

and

mor

e on

ever

yday

issu

es s

uch

as te

asin

g an

d bu

lly-

ing.

She

take

s th

e sa

me

patie

nt a

ppro

ach

to th

ese.

"O

ne o

f my

pupi

ls, M

edin

a, h

as

spee

ch p

robl

ems

and

the

othe

r ch

ildre

n

teas

e he

r. I

disc

uss

this

with

the

who

le

clas

s, e

xpla

in h

er p

robl

em a

nd a

sk fo

r th

eir

supp

ort,

but a

lso

take

Med

ina

asid

e an

d

expl

ain

why

they

are

teas

ing

her.

The

n I

take

the

ringl

eade

r, e

xpla

in th

at th

e gi

rl is

not h

appy

, and

ask

him

to p

ut h

imse

lf in

her

posi

tion.

" H

er g

oal i

s al

way

s to

hel

pth

em fi

nd a

sol

utio

n. "

Chi

ldre

n ar

e to

lera

nt

and

acce

pt e

very

thin

g th

at is

pos

itive

and

pres

ente

d as

suc

h,"

she

rem

arks

:

"Tol

eran

ce y

ou te

ach

only

by

bein

gto

lera

nt."

3 4

Azi

jado

won

ted

to p

reye

ntw

or,o

nd d

estr

yct-

iO'ri

` fr

o

horp

iing.

tde

ve-lo

prne

pers

onol

i

3 5

1 8

Lessons in

S,71responsibintY7i

"My

advi

ce is

: cre

ate

forv

m:

the

scho

ol fr

om th

e co

mm

vnity

'SO

751,

Diri

plop

ri4ok

-zaZ

ilia

36

The

Mis

sion

Dis

tric

t in

the

hear

t

of S

an F

ranc

isco

one

of th

e

wor

ld's

mos

t cos

mop

olita

n an

d

forw

ard-

look

ing

citie

sre

pre-

sent

s th

e be

st a

nd w

orst

of c

onte

mpo

rary

urba

n A

mer

ica.

It is

pop

ulat

ed b

y pe

ople

from

eve

ry c

orne

r of

the

wor

ld. S

urro

unde

d

by n

atur

al b

eaut

y, it

pul

sate

s w

ith a

ctiv

ity

and

oppo

rtun

ity. I

t als

o su

ffers

from

crim

e,

stre

et g

angs

, dru

g ab

use,

rac

ial s

trife

, dys

-

func

tiona

l fam

ilies

, hom

eles

snes

s an

d

pove

rty.

P9c

is,ft

olee

oted

, er-

, iaj

s ro

`a

HST

CO

PY A

VA

ILA

BL

E

Avi

Bla

ck te

ache

s 10

- to

13-

year

-old

s at

Hor

ace

Man

n M

iddl

e S

choo

l in

the

Mis

sion

.

"My

stud

ents

are

a r

efle

ctio

n of

thei

r

soci

ety,

" A

vi e

xpla

ins.

"S

ome

wer

e bo

rn

addi

cted

to c

rack

, oth

ers

are

vict

ims

of

dom

estic

vio

lenc

e."

At H

orac

e M

ann,

stu

dent

s de

fine

the

rule

s on

the

basi

s of

mut

ual r

espe

ct. T

here

are

seve

ral,

how

ever

, tha

t Avi

insi

sts

upon

.

"I a

lway

s ch

alle

nge

expr

essi

ons

of h

ostil

ity,

espe

cial

ly p

erso

nal i

nsul

ts b

ased

on

race

or

othe

r st

ereo

typi

ng,"

he

says

. "S

tude

nts

like

thes

e ru

les

beca

use

they

are

the

sam

e fo

r

ever

yone

and

are

pre

dict

able

. Pre

dict

abili

ty

help

s ki

ds fe

el s

ecur

e."

Avi

will

nev

er fo

rget

the

stud

ent w

ho

requ

este

d pe

rmis

sion

to s

ubm

it he

r ho

me-

wor

k la

te b

ecau

se h

er fa

ther

had

bee

n sh

ot

dead

the

nigh

t bef

ore.

"H

er w

orld

had

been

sha

ttere

d, b

ut s

he c

ame

to s

choo

l the

next

day

bec

ause

of a

n in

tens

e ne

ed fo

r

som

ethi

ng s

he c

ould

cou

nt o

n."

37

Do

deal

with

con

flict

; don

't di

vorc

eio

n't i

gnor

e w

hat's

soi

n8 o

n."

Av

B0@

ck

Avi

thin

ks th

at a

war

enes

s of

div

ersi

ty is

criti

cal t

o re

solv

ing

conf

licts

and

pro

mot

ing

peac

e. H

e as

ks s

tude

nts

to g

uess

the

mea

n-

ing

of th

e le

tters

L, C

, AA

, K, J

, V, F

, OW

and

ON

W (

the

offic

ial s

choo

l dis

tric

t eth

nic

cate

gorie

s). O

nce

they

hav

e id

entif

ied

the

grou

ps, t

hey

then

des

crib

e th

emse

lves

as

Latin

os, C

hine

se, A

fric

an-A

mer

ican

s,

Kor

eans

, Jap

anes

e, V

ietn

ames

e, F

ilipi

nos,

Oth

er W

hite

s an

d O

ther

Non

-Whi

tes.

Thi

s

lead

s to

a d

iscu

ssio

n on

how

suc

h la

bels

can

enco

urag

e ne

gativ

e st

ereo

type

s. O

nce

the

"bus

ines

s of

labe

ls"

is o

ut o

f the

way

,

Avi

and

his

stu

dent

s id

entif

y ch

arac

teris

tics

that

they

all

shar

e be

fore

fina

lly c

eleb

ratin

g

the

diffe

renc

es.

Col

leag

ues,

par

ents

and

com

mun

ity

mem

bers

hel

p A

vi in

his

task

of m

akin

g

Hor

ace

Man

n a

safe

pla

ce. E

ach

year

, the

scho

ol h

olds

an

Aw

aren

ess

Mon

th w

here

asse

mbl

ies,

gue

st s

peak

ers

and

publ

icat

ions

addr

ess

issu

es o

f div

ersi

ty, c

onfli

ct, p

eace

38

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

and

viol

ence

. A C

onfli

ct M

anag

er's

Pro

gram

me

prov

ides

you

ng p

eopl

e w

ith a

plac

e to

take

thei

r di

sput

es a

nd r

esol

ve

them

pea

cefu

lly h

elpe

d by

stu

dent

vol

un-

teer

s tr

aine

d in

med

iatio

n sk

ills.

"It'

s a

syst

emic

effo

rt,"

Avi

exp

lain

s. "

One

teac

her

doin

g it

alon

e w

ould

not

be

enou

gh."

He

belie

ves

that

the

shoo

ting

inci

dent

s in

oth

er

U.S

. sch

ools

in e

arly

199

8 co

uld

not o

ccur

in H

orac

e M

ann.

"S

uch

inci

dent

s st

em fr

om

a se

nse

of a

liena

tion

from

the

com

mun

ity

whi

ch o

ur k

ids

don'

t hav

e be

caus

e of

our

effo

rts

to e

stab

lish

a co

mm

unity

with

in th

e

scho

ol."

His

adv

ice

to o

ther

s is

: "C

reat

e

foru

ms

to d

eal w

ith c

onfli

ct; d

on't

divo

rce

the

scho

ol fr

om th

e co

mm

unity

and

don

't

igno

re w

hat's

goi

ng o

n."

"The

rea

litie

s of

the

outs

ide

wor

ld

have

n't c

hang

ed,"

dec

lare

s A

vi. "

But

we'

re

hand

ling

them

in h

ere.

" P

roof

that

his

appr

oach

brin

gs r

esul

ts c

omes

tim

e an

d

time

agai

n. A

vi's

form

er s

tude

nts

ofte

n ge

t

invo

lved

in c

omm

unity

act

iviti

es. "

Som

e-

times

I se

e th

em s

peak

ing

to a

larg

e

audi

ence

or

to c

omm

unity

lead

ers

or e

ven

appe

arin

g on

tele

visi

on,"

he

says

. Per

haps

that

sen

se o

f soc

ial r

espo

nsib

ility

is s

ome-

thin

g th

ey h

ave

lear

ned

in A

vi B

lack

's

clas

sroo

m.

19

39

20

40

UN

ES

CO

and

Edu

catio

n In

tern

atio

nal w

ish

to e

xpre

ss th

eir

appr

ecia

tion

to a

ll th

ose

who

con

trib

uted

to th

is b

roch

ure,

not

leas

t

the

enth

usia

stic

and

com

mitt

ed c

olle

ague

s

at h

eadq

uart

ers

and

in th

e fie

ld.

Fat

ima

Am

ine

(Alg

eria

);

Rub

ina

Cen

git-

Imam

ovit

(Bos

nia

and

Her

zego

vina

);

Hel

ene

Nah

iman

a (B

urun

di);

Cel

este

Gro

ssi (

Italy

);

Ann

e D

oneg

an (

Nor

ther

n Ir

elan

d);

S. B

. Tho

rade

niya

and

Sis

ter

The

rese

Ran

ee

(Sri

Lank

a);

Mar

y F

onta

ine

(Uni

ted

Sta

tes)

.

Art

icle

s in

this

boc

hure

are

cop

yrig

ht-f

ree

and

may

be

repr

oduc

ed p

rovi

ded

UN

ES

CO

and

Edu

catio

n In

tern

atio

nal a

re c

redi

ted

and

copi

es a

re s

ent t

o th

e fo

llow

ing

addr

esse

s:

UN

ES

CO

Glo

bal A

ctio

n pr

ogra

mm

e on

Edu

catio

n fo

r A

ll

7535

2 P

aris

07

SP

, Fra

nce

Tel

: (33

-1)

45 6

8 21

27

Fax

: (33

-1)

45 6

8 56

29

e-m

ail:

t.mur

tagh

@un

esco

.org

Web

site

: http

://w

ww

.edu

catio

n.un

esco

.org

Edu

catio

n In

tern

atio

nal

155

Bou

leva

rd E

mile

Jac

qmai

n, 8

1210

Bru

ssel

s, B

elgi

um

Tel

: (32

-2)

224

06 3

2

Fax

: (32

-2)

224

06 0

7

e-m

ail:

patr

ice.

vezi

na@

ei-ie

.org

Web

site

: http

://w

ww

.ei-i

e.or

g

Edi

tors

: Ter

esa

Mur

tagh

, Jea

n O

'Sul

livan

Des

ign:

Reb

us

41

Who

are

The

Qui

et P

eace

mak

ers?

The

y ar

e th

e un

sung

teac

hers

who

build

pea

ce in

the

hear

ts o

f the

irpu

pils

. The

ir ro

le a

s te

ache

rs g

oes

far

beyo

nd g

ivin

g le

sson

s. In

situ

atio

nsof

arm

ed c

onfli

ct o

r et

hnic

riv

alry

,th

ey a

re th

e on

es w

ho p

rovi

deco

ntin

uity

, coh

esio

n an

d no

rmal

ity.

In d

epriv

ed u

rban

are

as o

r sm

ug

mid

dle-

clas

s en

clav

es, t

hey

show

thei

r pu

pils

oth

er w

ays

of s

eein

g th

ew

orld

. Whe

ther

thro

ugh

dial

ogue

,sp

ecia

l pro

ject

s or

mos

t of a

llpe

rson

al e

xam

ple,

they

pro

mot

e th

eun

iver

sal v

alue

s of

pea

ce a

ndto

lera

nce.

Far

from

the

nego

tiatin

gta

bles

whe

re tr

uces

are

bro

kere

d ar

eth

e cl

assr

oom

s w

here

atti

tude

s ar

efo

rmed

in y

oung

min

ds.

Thi

s br

ochu

re p

rese

nts

eigh

t suc

h

clas

sroo

ms

and

the

rem

arka

ble

indi

vidu

als

who

teac

h in

them

.

4 2

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