8/12/2019 42 - Injection Operations

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Lmkptgr 42

eiglt`ae Apgrkt`aesX.^. \lmuctz, Larg Ckbarktar`gs @el.*

M . O . \mgkr`e, \ubmke ^rapkeg Gxpcarkt`ae La. @el. *

@etradult`ae

Tmg pgtracguo `edustry, c`fg atmgr `edustr`gs, gx`sts ta-

dky bglkusg `t okrfgts dgs`rkbcg pradults kt k praj`t. T a

da tm`s, `t `s gxtrgogcy `opartket tmkt gvgry pmksg aj ke

a`c laopkey‐s klt`v`ty bg laedultgd w`tm tm`s hakc `e

o`ed. Tmg spgl`j̀ l hakcs ked dgtk`cs aj apgrkt`ae aj k

pkrt`luckr laopkey oky vkry sc`hmtcy ar s`he`j`lketcy

jrao tmasg aj atmgr laopke`gs-dgpged`eh pr`okr`cy ae

glaeao`l ked okrfgt`eh strulturg-but gklm dgs`rgs taapt`o`zg glaeao`ls aj `ts dgtk`cgd ks wgcc ks `ts avgrkcc

apgrkt`aes.

Tmgrg krg, aj laursg, okey jklgts ta bg laes`dgrgd `e

tm`s prahrko aj apt`o`zkt`ae, ked tmgsg oky vkry jrao

aeg laopkey ta tmg egxt, jrao aeg calkcg ta keatmgr, ar

gvge w`tm t`og. E a caehgr lke laopke`gs kekcyzg tmg`r

glaeao`ls laes`dgr`eh aecy dgvgcapoget ked dgpcgt`ae

aj tmg`r rgsgrvgs by pr`okry ogkes. Xarcd dgoked ked

kvk`ckb`c`ty aj mydralkrbae pradults6 glaeao`ls aj gx-

pcarkt`ae, dgvgcapoget, pradult`ae, ked trkespartkt`ae6

abc`hkt`aes aj dr`cc`eh ked rghuckt`ae aj pradult`ae

apgrkt`aes `opasgd by vkr`aus havgre`eh kutmar`t`gs6

tkxkt`ae6 ked laopgt`t`ae aj atmgr rkw oktgr`kcs `e tmg

gegrhy okrfgt k cc mkvg mkd tmg laob`egd gjjglt aepgtracguo `edustry apgrkt`aes aj dgoked`eh lcasgr laar-

d`ekt`ae ked laetrac aj klt`v`t g̀s w`tm`e k h`vge lao-

pkey. Gqukccy `opartket, oarg dgtk`cgd laes`dgrkt`ae

ked caeh-rkehg pckee`eh oust bg dgvatgd ta spgl`j̀ l

praiglts ue dgrtkfge. Tm`s lmkptgr mks bgge wr`ttge w`tm

tmgsg hgegrkc tmauhmts `e o`ed.

A`cj`gcd dgvgcapoget ked pradult`ae apgrkt`aes lae-

st`tutg k okiar pkrt aj oast a`c laopke`gs‐ klt`v`t g̀s.

Oarg prabkbcy lke bg daeg ta `opravg tmg avgrkcc

glaeao`ls aj k laopkey ked kltukccy smkpg `ts juturg by

lr`t`lkc ked tmarauhm kekcys`s aj tm`s pmksg aj apgrkt`aes

tmke lke bg daeg `e key atmgr klt`v`ty. Gvgry laopkey `s

wgcc kwkrg aj tmg m`hm last aj j`ed`eh a`c, aj dgvgcap`eh

k rgsgrvg, ked aj pradul`eh `t. Gxpgr`gelg mks smawe

”Tmgsg kutmars kcsa wratg `mg at`k`ekc lmklstgr ae tm`s caol o tmg ;0:2 gd`t`ae

tmkt jrao oast j`gcds pr`okry rglavgry `s eat ke gjj`l g̀et

pralgss ked tmkt, usukccy, ckrhg vacuogs aj a`c krg cgjt

uedgrhraued ks uerglavgrkbcg kt tmg t`og aj kbkedae-

oget. Tmg tglmeacahy aj a`cj`gcd apgrkt`aes mks

dgvgcapgd rkp`dcy ks k rgsuct aj rgsgkrlm, j`gcd kppc`lk-

t`ae, ked geh`eggr`eh ked hgacah`lkc kekcys`s. Tadky, `e

oast j`gcd apgrkt`aes, egw tglmeacahy `s kdaptgd wmge

tmg glaeao`ls w rr et `t.^gtracguo rgsgrva`r geh`eggr`eh `s by ea ogkes ke gx-

klt sl`gelg. ^rabkbcy `t egvgr w `cc bg s`elg sa okey

pkrkogtgrs tmkt lkeeat k ltukccy bg ogksurgd ar dgj`egd

krg `evacvgd6 mawgvgr, rgsgkrlm ked gxpgr`gelg mkvg

y`gcdgd k substket`kc feawcgdhg tmkt `s qu`tg kdgquktg ta

sgrvg ks k bks`s jar prav`d`eh okekhgoge t w`tm saued

rglaoogedkt`aes rghkrd`eh j`gcd dgvgcapoget ked

apgrkt`aes, wm`lm ae tmg bks`s aj lurrget tglmeacahy

smaucd rgsuct `e apt`okc glaeao`l rglavgry jrao k

rgsgrva`r.

Jar okey ygkrs `t mks bgge feawe tmkt `eiglt`ae aj

g`tmgr w ktgr ar hks `eta k pgtracguo rgsgrva`r lke `o-

pravg rglavgry. Tmg hgegrkc m`stary aj j`gcd kppc`lkt`ae

aj tmgsg pralgssgs `s `etgrgst`eh ta rgv`gw. Ok ey `eigl-t`ae praiglts wgrg `e`t`ktgd `e j`gcds bgjarg rgsgrv a`r

ekturkc-gegrhy-dr`vg oglmke`sos wgrg uedgrstaad

-gvge bgjarg tmgrg wks k hgegrkc kw krgegss aj wmkt

dktk wgrg eggdgd ta gvkcuktg prapgrcy g`tmgr tmg

pass`b`c`t`gs ar tmg rgsucts aj sulm pralgssgs. @t `s eat sur-

pr`s`eh, tmgrgjarg, ta j`ed tmkt saog praiglts sullggdgd

`e substket`kccy `elrgks`eh rglavgry ked atmgrs jk`cgd.

Ks tmg sl`gelg aj rgsgrva`r geh`eggr`eh dgvgcapg d,

okey `eiglt`ae praiglts wgrg laes`dgrgd oarg lkrgjuccy

bgjarg tmgy wgrg kltukccy `e`t`ktgd ked, ks k rgsuct. wgrg

ae k sauedgr tglmeacah`lkc ked glaeao`l bks`s jrao tmg

stkrt. Laesgqugetcy, oast `eiglt`ae apgrkt`aes krg wgcc

geh`eggrgd. @e jklt, tmg dgvgcapoget pckes aj oast egw

d`slavgr`gs `elcudg tmg apt`ae aj `e`t`kt`eh `eiglt`ae

apgrkt`aes r`hmt jrao tmg stkrt, wmge jgks`bcg.

Tmg sacut`ae aj prabcgos `e key tglme`lkc apgrkt`ae `s

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42-2 ^GTRACGWO GEH@EGGR@EH MKEDBAAF

cw ys dgpgedget ae feaw`eh tmg rgcgvket jklts. Tmg a`c

`edustry `s ea gxlgpt`ae ta tm`s rucg, ked okey lr`t`lkc

jklts tmkt geh`eggrs ar hgacah`sts oust usg `e tmg`r

kekcys`s aj k rgsgrva`r lke bg abtk`egd bgst gkrcy `e tmg

c`jg aj tmg rgsgrva`r. \aog e glgsskry jklts lke bg ab-

tk`egd kt cktgr t`ogs. but aecy kt k vgry ckrhg kdd`t`aekc

gxpgesg. @t `s tmgrgjarg `e fggp`eh w`tm saued bus`egsspr`el`pcgs jar ke apgrktar ta tm`ef kmgkd wmge @dr`cc`eh

wgccs ked ta bgh`e pckee`eh kmgkd tmg vgry dky k egw

rgsgrva`r `s d`slavgrgd. X`tm tm`s pm`casapmy, geh`eggrs

lke bg kssurgd tmkt sujj`l`get ked eglgsskry `ejarokt`ae

w`cc bg kvk`ckbcg jar prapgr tglme`lkc kekcys`s wmge

eggdgd, tmkt tmg bgst prahrko jar uct`oktg dgpcgt`ae >;

rgsgrvgs `s rglahe`zgd gkrcy `e tmg c`jg aj tmg rgsgrva`r,

ked tmkt tmg dgvlcapolet prahrko jar tmg rgsgrva`r `s

hu`dgd tawkrd o kx`ouo usg `e tmg gxpca`tkt`ae prahrko

bgst su`tgd jar apt`okc glaeao`l rglavgry. Tmg tmauhmt

pralgss `evacvgd `e tm`s pm`casapmy kppc`gd ta dgvgcap-

oget aj k saued `eiglt`ae apgrkt`ae `s d`slussgd `e tm`s

lmkptgr.

@opartket Jkltars `e tmg Dgs`he aj

@eiglt`ae Apgrkt`aes

Ab.iglt`vg

cedcv`dukc a`c ked hks rgsgrva`rs, c`fg muoke bg`ehs, k rg

gklm d j̀jgrget, ked tmg rgsgrva`rs prgsget k w`dg vkr`gty

aj prapgrt`gs jar tmg geh`eggr ta laes`dgr. Aj pr`og `o-

partkelg `e okf`eh ke kekcys`s aj tmgsg prapgrt`gs jar tmg

dgs`he aj ke `eiglt`ae prahrko `s gstkbc`sm`eh tmg abigl-

t`vg aj tmg apgrkt`ae.

Tmg gstkbc`smoget aj k prapgr abiglt`vg jar k h`vge

apgrktar dgpgeds ae tmg pkrt`luckr l`rluostkelgs. Ke

apgrktar w`tm c`o`tgd `evgstoget appartue`t`gs o`hmtjkvar `opravgoget `e rgsgrvgs. Aeg w`tm kopcg rgsgrvgs

jar tmg lurrget rktg aj pradult`ae waucd jkvar ke `o-

pravgoget ar ok`etgekelg aj pradult`ae rktg. Keatmgr,

mkv`eh `esujj`l`get rktg ked rgsgrvgs, waucd jkvar `o-

pravgoget `e gklm. T mg abiglt`vg aj tmg `eiglt`ae apgrk

t`ae w`cc c`fgcy bg ;) sustk`e`eh tmg rktg tmrauhm prgssurg

ok`etgekelg, 2) `elrgks`eh uct`oktg rglavgry tmrauhm k

oarg gjj`l`get d`spcklgoget pralgss, ar <) laob`e`eh

`opravgd rktg ked rglavgry ta cgkd ta tmg klluouckt`ae

aj okx`ouo prgsget wartm.

@e okey @estkelgs. `eiglt`ae apgrkt`aes mkvg bgge

uedgrtkfge `e rgsgrva`rs s`opcy bglkusg egkrby praplr-

t`gs mkvg rgspaedgd jkvarkbcy ta `eiglt`ae. Tm`s skog

c`eg aj `elaopcgtg rgksae`eh `s tmge hgegrkccy lkrr`gd aegstgp jurtmgr. ked `t `s laelcudgd tmkt tmg rgsgrva`r laed`-

t`aes krg uefeawe bglkusg aj vkr`kbcg pmys`lkc prapgr-

t`ls ked pkst pradult`ae prklt`lgs6 tmgrgjarg. ea prapgr

geh`eggr`eh kekcys`s lke bg okdg ked `eiglt`ae oust bg

tr`gd ta sgg Osmkt w`cc mkppge. ^raiglts `e`t`ktgd w`tm tm`s

rgksae`eh krl kcoast kcwkys `eigl``ae apgrkt`aes w`tmaut

ke abiglt`vg. Tm`s –lkrt bgjarg tmg marsg‟ pm`casapmy `s

ta sgg wmkt w`cc mkppge. tmge dgl`dg wmkt `s dgs`rgd.

X`tmaut ke aqillt`vl tmg geh`eggr`eh kekcys`s w`cc rgsuct

`e egbucaus laelcus`aes. jar tmg ab,ilt`vl `ejcugelgs

batm tmg t`o`eh ked tmg lma`lg aj tmg @eiglt`ae pralgss.

T`o`eh

Lkrg oust bg tkfge ta gesurg tmkt tmg pckee`eh aj tmg pra-

hrko `s eat dgckygd pkst tmg apt`okc t`og ta stkrt tmg `e-

iglt`ae pmys`lkccy . @e kcc lksgs, `t `s dgs`rkbcg ta

rglahe`zg tmg eggd jar `eiglt`ae `e k rgsgrva`r ta abtk`e

spgl`j`l abiglt`vgs ks gkrcy `e tmg c`jg aj tmg rgsgrva`r ks

pass`bcg. Gkrcy pckee`eh, gvge `j eat `e hrgkt dgtk`c, w`cc

okfg `t pass`bcg ta abtk`e kdgquktg bks`l dktk jar prapgr

geh`eggr`eh kekcys`s kt tmg aecy t`og sulm dktk krl

kvk`ckbcg. @e okey `estkelgs, sulm pckee`eh oky d`ltktg

k oad`d`lkt`ae aj tmg dgvgcapoget prahrko sa tmkt wgccsw`cc bg calktgd ked laopcgtgd ta prav`dg okx`ou o gjj -̀

l`gely.ta tmg `eiglt`ae prahrko w`tm k o`e`ouo koauet

aj lastcy rgdr`cc`eh ar warfavgr gxpgesg.

Tmg apt`okc t`og ta stkrt ke `eiglt`ae praiglt `s ajtge

rgcktgd ta tmg bgst-su`tgd pralgss jar tmg h`vge j`gcd. Jar

gxkopcg, ke `oo`sl`bcg d`spcklgoget w`tm hks o`hmt

.bgstsbg uedgrtkfge `e saog m`hm-pgrogkb`c`ty skeds kjtgr

`tmg rgsgrva`r rgklmgs k caw prgssurg, s`elg kt caw

,9prgssurgs, tmg last aj laoprg ss`eh hks ta rgpcklg k rgsgr-

va`r bkrrgc aj vacuog `s caw. Caw-prgssurg wktgrjcaad-

`eh o`hmt pgrmkps bg stkrtgd wmge tmg apt`okc koauet aj

jrgg hks `s prgsget. Caw-pgrogkb`c`ty rgsgrva`rs ar tmasg

w`tm m`hm-smr`efkhg a`c o`hmt lkcc jar tmg `oogd`ktg usg

aj k prgssurg-ok`etgekelg praiglt `e ok`etk`e`eh wgcc

pradult`v`ty ked `e prgvget`eh m`hm smr`efkhg cassgs.

\aog `eiglt̀ ae apgrkt`aes oky rgqu`rg m`hm rgsgrva`r

prgssurgs ta kllaooadktg tmg pralgss.

Jar acdgr j`gcds, `e wm`lm tmg apt`okc t`og ta stkrt k

praiglt oky mkvg caeh pkssgd, tmg qugst`ae bglaogs eat

aeg aj apt`okc t`og but aj tmg bgst pralgss ta gopcay. Kt

t`ogs, tmg qugst`ae `s wmgtmgr k lmkehg `e tmg laed`t`aes

aj tmg rgsgrva`r, sulm ks rlprgssur`eh. lke rg-gstkbc s̀m

tmg appartue`ty jar laedult`eh ke `opravgd apgrkt`ae.

@eiglt`ae Jcu`ds

@e ey `eiglt`ae praiglt, lgrtk`e pkrkogtgrs krl j`xgd ked

krg bgyaed tmg laetrac aj geh`eggrs. Tmgsg `elcudg jcu`d

prapgrt`gs aj tmg rgsgrva`r a`c, ralf prapgrt`gs, hgacah`l

strkt`j̀ lkt`aes, jkuct`eh. ked dgptm. Ae tmg atmgr mked,

geh`eggrs lke vkry sulm `tgos ks `eiglt`ae jcu`d, `eigl-

t`ae prgssurg, pkttgre. ked `eiglt`ae rktg. \gcglt̀ ae aj tmg

prapgr `eiglt`ae jcu`d jar k h`vge rgsgrva`r `s prabkbcy

tmg oast d`jj`lu ct pkrt aj tmg dgs`he aj key `eiglt`ae

apgrkt`ae. Hgegrkccy, k`r ked wktgr krg tmg aecy oktgr`kcs

laes`dgrgd `egxpges`vg geauhm ta usg `e ckrhg quket`t`gs

jar tmg d`spcklgoget aj lrudg a`c. Lurrget pr`lgs aj

ekturkc hks okfg `t ke gxpges`vg `e.iglt̀ ae jcu`d.

Mawgvgr, wmge `t gx`sts `e krlks wmgrg tmgrg `s ea

okrfgt, `ts hrgktgst glaeao`l bgegj`t oky bg ks ke `eill-

t`ae jcu`d. @t `s `e tm`s krgk, mawgvgr. tmkt tmg feawcgdhg.

`okh`ekt`ae, ked `ehgeu`ty aj tmg rgsgrva`r geh`eggr lke

bg usgd ta dgvgcap `eiglt`ae prahrkos tmkt w`cc hrgktcy

`opravg rglavgry ked praj`t jrao oast rgsgrva`rs. Tmg

praiglt smaucd bg dgs`hegd ta kccaw jar tmg pass`bcg usg

aj sokcc koauets aj oarg gxpges`vg oktgr`kcs. sulm ks

prapkeg, butkeg, c`qugj`gd pgtracguo hks, LA1. w gtt`eh

khgets. ked pacyogrs.

^raigltgd Rglavgry

Dktk Rgqu`rgd. ^raiglt`eh a`c rglavgry jrao k rgsgrva`r

`e wm`lm `eiglt`ae apgrkt`aes krg ta bl laedultgd rl-

qu`rgs k e gst`okt`ae aj ;) tmg koauet aj a`c `e pcklg `e-

`t`kccy, 2) tmg rglavgry by key pr`okry dgpcgt`ae tmkt al-

lurrgd bgjarg tmg stkrt aj `eiglt`ae, <) tmg a`c skturkt`ae

kt tmg stkrt aj `eiglt`ae ked tmg rgs`dukc a`c skturkt`ae

kjtgr tmg d`spcklgoget pralgss ked maw `t `s d`str`butgd

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@EIGLT@AE A^GRKT@AE\ 42-<

tmrauhm tmg rgsgrva`r, 4) tmg jrklt`ae aj tmg rgsgrva`r ta

bg swgpt. ked 7) tmg `eiglt`ae ked pradult`ae rktgs.

\ujj`l`get dktk krg eggdgd ta dgtgro`eg tmgsg quke-

t`t`gs. \aog saurlgs aj tmgsg dktk krg c`stgd `e Tkbcg

42.;.

Geh`eggr`eh Kekcys`s. Tmg prgd`lt`ae aj tmg pgrjar-okelg aj ke `eiglt`ae apgrkt`ae `s dgr`vgd by ;) prgpkr-

`eh ke gst̀ oktg aj tmg a`c oavgd ks k juelt`ae aj tmg

vacuog `eigltgd ked 2) dgj`e`eh tmg `eiglt`ae ked pra-

dult`ae rktgs ked rgcktgd v acuog `eigltgd ta t`og. Tmg

dgtk`cs aj tmg lkcluckt`ae pralgdurgs krg prgsgetgd `e tmg

s`x lmkptgrs tmkt jaccaw `e tm`s mkedbaaf. @e hgegrkc, tmg

koauet aj a`c rglavgrgd `s dgtgro`egd jrao oktgr`kc-

bkckelg lkcluckt`aes kppc`gd ta tmg jrklt`ae aj tmg rgsgr-

va`r swgpt by tmg `eigltgd jcu`d. T mg patget`kc `eiglt`ae

ked pradult`ae rktgs krg lkclucktgd jrao gqukt`aes ar

ogksurgogets ae oadgcs. Tmg rktg oky bg rgdulgd

tmrauhm prarkt`ae ar tmrauhm c`o`tkt`ae `e s`z`eh

gqu`poget.

Apt`o`z`eh ke @eiglt`ae Apgrk t`ae

Tmg dgl`s`ae ks ta tmg apt`okc `eiglt`ae prahrko jar k

h`vge rgsgrva`r `evacvgs sgcglt`ae aj tmg bgst pralgss ked

aj tmg bgst okeegr jar laedult`eh tmkt pralgss. Tmg

sgcglt`ae aj tmg bgst pralgss rgqu`rgs k study aj ;)

pr`okry pgrjarokelg, 2) saurlg aj `eiglt`ae jcu`d, <)

last aj `eiglt`eh vkr`aus jcu`ds, ked 4) ue`t d`spcklgoget

gjj`l`gely aj vkr`au s jcu`ds.

Tmg sgcglt`ae aj tmg bgst okeegr jar lkrry`eh aut tmg

apgrkt`ae rgqu`rgs k study aj @) tmg t`og ta stkrt `eigl-

t`ae, 2) prgssurg ok`etgekelg, <) pkrt`kc prgssurg

ok`etgekelg, 4) wgcc st`ouckt`ae, 7) kdd`t`aekc dr`cc-

`eh. ked :) pkttgre lma`lg. Kjtgr tmg bgst okeegr jar

laedult`eh gklm pralgss `s dgvgcapgd, k laopkr`sae aj

tmg glaeao`ls aj tmg apt`okc pcke jar gklm pralgss w`cc

smaw tmg oast dgs`rkbcg prahrko.

Kekcys`s aj k Rgsgrva`r jar

@eiglt`ae Apgrkt`aes

Bgh`ee`eh tmg Kekcys`s

Dktk Hktmgr`eh ked Tgst`eh. \aog rgsgrva`rs oky bg

s`o`ckr `e okey rgspglts but laopcgtgcy d`jjgrget `e

atmgrs. Bglkusg aj tm`s, `t `s eglgsskry ta abtk`e `ejarok-

t`ae tmkt gxpgr`gelgd hgacah`sts ked geh`eggrs lke usg ta

dgj`eg tmg lmkrkltgr aj gklm spgl`j`l rgsgrva`r. Oulm aj

tmg `ejarokt`ae `s abtk`egd dur`eh tmg dgvgcapoget par-

t`ae aj k rgsgrva`r‐s m`stary. \aog typgs aj `ejarokt`aekrg laccgltgd pgr`ad`lkccy tmrauhmaut tmg pradul`eh c`jg

aj tmg rgsgrva`r. Lgrtk`e typgs aj dktk krl eggdgd ta

gvkcuktg tmg prabkbcg glaeao`ls ked pradul`eh lmkrkl-

tgr`st̀ ls aj tmg rgsgrva`r by ekturkc dgpcgt`ae. ked kdd`-

t`aekc `ejarokt`ae `s eglgsskry jar prapgr kekcys`s aj

patget`kc rglavgry ked glaeao`ls uedgr vkr`aus `eiglt̀ ae

prahrkos. @t `s k rgspaes`b`c̀ ty aj tmg geh`eggr ked

hgacah`st, ks k tgko. ta autc`eg k caeh-rkehg prahrko aj

dktk rgqu`rgogets gkrcy `e tmg c`jg aj gvgry rgsgrva`r ked

k slmgducg aj maw ked wmge tmgsg dktk krl ta bg lac-

cgltgd. Tmg dgtk`cs aj tm`s prahrko smaucd bg oad`j`gd

laet`euauscy ks oarg feawcgdhg aj tmg rgsgrva`r `s

hk`egd.

@j laedultgd prapgrcy, tmg `e`t`kc dgvgcapoget pra-

hrko lke laetr`butg substket`kccy ta tmg gkrcy rglahe`t̀ ae

aj batm pr`okry ked `eiglt`ae-apgrkt`ae patget`kc aj key

TKBCG 42.; DKTK RG[W@RGD TA G\T@OKTG RGLAZGRP

JRAO @EIGLT@AE A^GRKT@AE\

A`c ce`t`kccv `e ^cklg

Kdgquktg euobg r aj wgccs ta dgj`eg krgkc gxtgetXgcc cahs ta dgj`eg pradult`vg sglt`ae ked saogt`ogs

laetget

Larg ogksurgo gets jar paras`ty. `etgrst`t̀ kc wktgr a`cskturkt`ae ked saogt`ogs lkp`cckry prapgrt`gs6 tmgsg dktk

kcsa sgrvg ks k bks`s jar wgcc-cah lkc`brkt`ae

Oktgr`kc-bkckelg lkcluckt`aes bksgd ae rgsgrva`r prgssurgs

ked pradult`ae m`stary ta laej`ro vacuogtr`l gst`oktgs aj

a`c `e pcklg

^r`okry ^grjarokelg

^radult`ae aj a`c hks ked wktgr by wgccs

^rgssurgs jrao pgr`ad`l prgssurg-b u`cdup tgsts

Jcu`d prapgrt`gs

Rgckt`vg-pgrogk b`c`ty ogksurgo gets ae largs jar d`spckl`eh

ked d`spcklgd pmksgs

Hgacah`l dktk jrao eaepradult`vg wgccs auts`dg tmg

pradult`vg c`o`ts ta kss`st `e tmg dgtgro`ekt`ae aj tmg

pr`okry dr `vg oglmke`so

Jrklt`ae aj tmg Rgsgrva`r ta bg \wgpt

Larg ogksurgo gets jar vkr`kt`ae `e pgrogkb `c`ty ked

laetgetLrass sglt`aes ked prgssurg `etgrjgrgelg tgsts ta dgtgro`eg

tmg rgsgrva`r laet`eu`ty bgtwgge w gccs

\trkt`j l̀kt`ae jrao larg ogksurgo gets ked cahs

Ar`gecktcae aj pgrogkb `c`ty

\gcgltgd `eiglt`ae pkttgre

Jcu`d v`slas`t`gs ked rgckt`vg pgrog kb`c`t `gs

Krgkc swggp pgrjarokelg aj `eiglt`ae pkttgre oadgcs

@eiglt`ae Rktg ked ^radult`ae Rktg

Gjjglt`vg rgsgrva`r pgrogkb`c`ty jrao largs prgssu rg-bu`cdup

tgsts ked pradult`v`ty-`edgx tgsts

Rgckt`vg-pgrog kb`c`ty lurvgs ae d`spcklteh k ed d`spcklgd

pmksgs

Xgccba rg laed`t`aes jrao prgssurg-b u`cdup kekcys`s

@eiglt`ae prgssurg

Jcu`d prapgrt`gs

Tmrauhmp ut rktg jrao oadg c pgrjarokelg ar lkcluckt`aes

rgsgrva`r. Tm`s prahrko smaucd bg dgs`hegd ta y`gcd ;)

tmg brakd spgl`j`lkt`aes aj tmg rgsgrva`r, sulm ks hgegrkc

j`gcd c`o`ts, hgegrkc rgsgrva`r hgaogtry, 2) hgegrkc ralf

prapgrt`gs aj tmg pradul`eh jarokt`ae, <) kpprax`oktg

calkt`ae aj rgsgrva`r hks/a`c ked wktgr/a`c laetklts `j

prgsget, 4) lmkrkltg r`st`ls aj `e-pcklg rgsgrva`r jcu`ds,

7) `e`t`kc rgsgrva`r prgssurg ked tgopgrkturg laed`t`aes.

ked :) hgegrkc `ejarokt`ae pgrtk`e`eh ta kvgrkhg w gcc

pradult`v`t`gs. [u`tg abv`auscy, `j tm`s prahrko `s ta kl-

laopc`sm `ts glaeao`l ked `ejarokt`vg abiglt`vgs, ea

laes`dgrkt`ae smaucd ygt bg h`vge ta uct`oktg wgcc spkl-`eh. @e tmg lksg aj ckrhg strulturgs tm`s `e`t`kc prahrko

smaucd laes`st aj lkrgjuccy pckeegd, bacd stgpauts ked , `e

kcc lksgs, abtk`e`eh ks oulm `ejarokt`ae ks eggdgd ta

d`rglt prapgrcy jurtmgr j`gcd dgvgcapoget ked dktk-

hktmgr`eh tglme`qugs.

Ajtge, sujj`l g̀et `ejarokt`ae lke bl abtk`egd jrao k

wgcc-pckeegd dktk-hktmgr`eh prahrko laedultgd dur`eh

tmg gkrcy part`ae aj dgvgcapoget aj k rgsgrva`r ta pgro`t

`etgcc̀ hget prgc`o`ekry gxko`ekt`ae aj tmg prabkbcg eggd

jar `eiglt`ae ked tmg hgegrkc jgks`b`c t̀y aj vkr`aus typgs

aj `eiglt`ae. Gkrcy dktk-hktmgr`eh gjjarts smaucd rgsuct `e

tmg klluouckt`ae aj sujj`l g̀et `ejarokt`ae ta pgro`t

sgcglt`ae aj tmasg tglme`qugs tmkt w`cc y`gcd rgqu`rgd ked

rgc`kbcg `ejarokt`ae ks atmgr wgccs krg dr`ccgd. \ulm `e-

jarokt`ae kcsa lke bg usgd ta rgj`eg tmg prgc`o`ekry lae-

lcus`aes pgrtk`e`eh ta prabkbcg rgsgrva`r patget`kc uedgr

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@EIGLT@AE A^GRKT@AE\ 42-7

Geh`eggrs feaw, jar gxkopcg, tmkt `j @) tmg rgsgrva`r

kppgkrs ta mkvg jk`r laet`eu`ty ked smkpg, 2) pgrogkb`c`-

ty `s rgksaekbcy d`str`butgd. ked <) rgckt`vg-pgrogkb`c`ty

rgckt`aes ked a`c prapgrt`gs krg jkvarkbcg, tmge g`tmgr

wktgr-, hks-, ar gemkelgd-rglavgry `eiglt`ae praiglts krg

pass`bcy jgks`bcg jrao k tglme`lkc stkedpa`et. @j tmg

rgsgrva`r a`c `s v`slaus, tmge oab`c`ty -rkt`a lmkrkltgr`s -t`ls earokccy jkvar wktgr avgr hks `eiglt`ae, ked tmgrokc

pralgssgs o`hmt `elrgksg rglavgry. @j k m`hm `etgrst`t`kc

wktgr skturkt`ae gx`sts. tmge uedgr lgrtk`e laed`t`aes tm`s

lke bg oarg aj k d`skdvketkhg jar wktgr tmke jar hks `e-

iglt`ae. Bgegj`ts ajtge lke bg dgr`vgd tmrauhm gemkelgd-

rglavgry apgrkt`aes `e rgsgrva`rs laetk`e`eh m`hmcy,

uedgrskturktgd a`cs. Tmrauhm gxpgr`gelg geh`eggrs mkvg

cgkregd tmkt caw jarokt`ae pgrogkb`c`ty `e `tsgcj `s eat k

jkltar tmkt gc`o`ektg s `eiglt`ae pass`b`c`t`gs but tmkt ajtge

k oarg lr`t`lkc jkltar lke bg gxtrgog vkr`kt`ae aj

pgrogkb`c`ty. Kcc tmgsg jkltars, kcaeh w`tm atmgrs, lke bg

kvk`ckbcg jar tmg geh`eggr‐s slrut`ey gkrcy `e tmg dgvgcap-

oget pgr`ad ked, `j usgd prapgrcy, lke hu`dg tmg gkrcy

tm`ef`eh kbaut avgrkcc pckes jar k rgsgrva`r.

Kvk`ckb`c`ty aj @eiglt`ae Jcu `ds. @e v`gw`eh tmg

pass`b`c`t`gs aj `eiglt`ae apgrkt`aes, geh`eggrs ous t kcsa

laes`dgr tmg kvk`ckb`c`ty aj jcu`ds jar `eiglt`ae. Tm`s jkl-

tar kcaeg lke saogt`ogs gc`o`ektg jurtmgr gvkcukt`ae aj

saog pkrt`luckr jaro aj `eiglt`ae ar, `e atmgr lksgs.

oktgr`kccy kjjglt tmg glaeao`ls aj k praiglt. K wktgr-

`eiglt`ae apgrkt`ae o`hmt kppgkr vgry kttrklt`vg jrao k

tglme`lkc stkedpa`et6 ygt `j wktgr lkeeat bg okdg

kvk`ckbcg `e rgqu`rgd quket`t`gs ked kt rgksaekbcg last,

jurtmgr laes`dgrkt`ae aj tmg pralgss waucd bg aecy

klkdgo`l. Geh`eggrs smaucd lgrtk`ecy laes`dgr tmg

pass`b`c`t`gs aj hks-`eiglt`ae ked o`sl`bcg-dr`vg praiglts

wmge hks ar c`qu`d pcket pradults krg kvk`ckbcg `e tmg

krgk. Aj laursg `t `s `opass`bcg ta sgt jartm k lmglfc`st aj

jkltars tmkt laucd bg usgd gkrcy `e tmg c`jg aj gvgry rgsgr-

va`r ta dgtgro `eg tmg kbsacu tg eggd ar jgks`b`c`ty aj `eigl-

t`ae praiglts. Gklm jkltar d`slussgd mgrg `s `opartket,

ked vkr`kt`aes aj key aeg ar aj kcc tmg pgrt`eget

pkrkogtgrs lke kjjglt rgsucts ta vkr`aus dghrggs.

^rgd`ltgd Rgsgrva`r ^grjarokelg Dur`eh

^r`okry Apgrkt`aes

Keatmgr `opartket laes`dgrkt`ae tmkt oust bg ke `etghrkc

pkrt aj tmg geh`eggr‐ s kpprk `skc aj pass`bcg `eiglt`ae prai-

glts `s tmg eggd jar tmg praiglt. Tm`s lke bg k vgry lao-

pc`lktgd pkrt aj tmg avgrkcc kekcys`s ked smaucd `evacvgeat aecy tglm e`lkc kspglts aj tmg praiglt `tsgcj but kcsa tmg

gjjglt tmkt tmg praiglt‐s rgsucts o`hmt mkvg jrao ke

avgrkcc lao pkey stkedpa`et. Tmg ckttgr `s trgktgd `e oarg

dgtk`c kcaeh w`tm k d`sluss`ae aj glaeao`ls `e tm`s

lmkptgr. Tglme`lkc eggd jar `eiglt`ae praiglts `evacvgs

kekcys`s aj pkst rgsgrva`r pgrjarokelg, rglahe`t`ae ked

dgj`e`t`ae aj tmg ekturkc gegrhy jarlgs laetr`but`eh ta

pr`okry pradult`ae, ked gvkcukt`ae aj tmg gjj`l g̀ely ked

jarglkst aj pgrjarokelg aj tmg pr`okry pradult`ae

apgrkt`aes.

Atmgr lmkptgrs `e tm`s mkedbaaf dgkc w`tm tmg typgs aj

dr`vg oglmke`sos tmkt lke bg prgsget `ed`v`dukccy ar `e

laob`ekt`ae `e key h`vge rgsgrva`r. Geh`eggrs oust mkvg

k dgtk`cgd uedgrstked`eh aj tmgsg ekturkc pralgssgs

bgjarg tmgy lke rglahe`zg tmg eggd jar kppc`lkt`ae aj

suppcgogetkc rglavgry pralgssgs ta k rgsgrva`r. Hgegrkc-

cy spgkf`eh, tmg dgpcgt`ae- ar sacut`ae-hks-dr`vg pralgss

`s ke `egjj`l`get aeg, but laupcgd w`tm haad sghrghkt`ae

ked a c̀ ked hks lauetgrjcaw, tmg pralgss lke bg oulm

oarg gjj`l`get. @e hgegrkc, bgttgr rglavgry gjj`l`gely `s

usukccy gxpgltgd by k ekturkc wktgr dr`vg tmke by key

atmgr ekturkc pralgss, ked hks-lkp gxpkes`ae-dr̀ vg pral-

gssgs krg usuk ccy `e tgrogd `ktg `e gjjglt`vgegss.Geh`eggrs feaw, mawgvgr, tmkt tmgsg krg hgegrkc`zk-

t`aes ked tmkt tmg gx`stgelg ked gjjglt`vgegss aj gklm

oust bg gvkcuktgd jar gklm rgsgrva`r. Tmgy lke okfg

rgksaekbcg hugssgs aj pass`bcg juturg pr`okry pgt-jar-

okelg ae tmg bks`s aj bgmkv`ar aj kekcahaus j`gcds ked

ae prgc`o`ekry gvkcukt`ae aj dktk klqu`rgd gkrcy `e k

rgsgrva`r‐s c`jg, but tmgsg hugssgs lke bg trkescktgd `eta

saued geh`eggr`eh laelcus`aes aecy tmrauhm k dgtk`cgd

study aj tmg pkrt`luckr rgsgrva`r‐s pgrjarokelg. Xmge

tmgy krg kbcg tmrauhm `etgcc`hget usg aj kvk`ckbcg `ejar-

okt`ae laelgre`eh bks`l prapgrt`gs aj tmg rgsgrva`r

systgo ta lkclucktg kllurktgcy ked oktlm tmg kltukc pkst

pgrjarokelg aj k rgsgrva`r, tmge tmgy hk`e laej`dgelg `e

key prgd`lt`aes tmgy o`hmt o kfg aj juturg pr`okry

pgrjarokelg.

Ke gxpgr`gelg jkltar `s `evacvgd, mawgvgr, tmkt lkeeat

bg avgrcaafgd. Geh`eggrs oust bg kbcg ta rglahe`zg

wmgtmgr k oktlm aj lkclucktgd ked kltukc pgrjarokelg `s

k rgkc oktlm sulm tmkt tmg sacut`ae `s rgksaekbcy ue`qug

ked tmg`r uedgrstked`eh aj tmg pr`okry pradult`ae pral-

gss `s haad a r wmgtmgr tmgrg kl tukccy laucd bg sgvgrkc

w`dgcy d`jjgrget sacut`aes tmkt laucd rgsuct `e gqukccy

haad oktlmgs aj pgrjarokelg. @e tmg ckttgr lksg tmgrg `s

g`tmgr k cklf aj uedgrstked`eh aj bks`l rgsgrva`r

pkrkogtgrs ked k eggd jar oarg bks`l dktk. ar tmgrg `s `e-

sujj`l`get pradu lt`ae pgrjarokelg kvk`ckbcg jar kekcys`s

kt tmkt t`og.

Ajtge, `t o`hmt bg pass`bcg ta pcke gkrcy pradult`ae

jrao tmg rgsgrva r̀ `e sulm k okeegr ks ta k`d `e rgsgrva`r

gvkcukt`ae. Gxtrgog lmkehgs `e pradult`ae rktg upwkrd

ar dawewkrd ar batm) ked ok`etgekelg aj tmasg rktgs kt

rgksaekbcy laestket cgvgcs jar k pgr`ad aj t`og lke ajtge

rgsuct `e lmkehgs `e absgrvgd rgsgrva`r prgssurg ar wgcc

pgrjarokelg tmkt krg gxtrgogcy usgjuc `e gkrcy rglahe`-

t`ae aj prgvk`c`eh ekturkc-gegrhy jarlgs. \`elg trgktoget

aj tmg vkr`aus ogtmads aj kekcys`s kppgkrs `e atmgr

lmkptgrs, tmgrg `s ea eggd ta d`sluss tmgo kt tm`s pa`et.

Gopmks`s, mawgvgr, smaucd khk`e bg pcklgd ae tmg

urhge ly aj gkrcy rglahe`t`ae ked dgj`e`t`ae aj tmg gjj`-

l`gely aj tmg pr`okry pradult`ae pralgss bglkusg `t `s aj

pr`og `opa rtkelg `e kslgrtk`e`eh tmg eggd jar `eiglt`ae.

^rgd`ltgd Rgsgrva`r ^grjarokelg Dur`eh

@eiglt`ae Apgrkt`aes

Tmg egxt stgp `e tmg pralgss aj dgtgro`e`eh tmg bgst

ogtmad aj apgrkt`ae jar k h`vge rgsgrva`r `s tmg prgd`l-

t`ae aj pgrjarokelg jar vkr`aus `eiglt`ae prahrkos tmkt

krg laes`dgrgd tglme`lkccy ked prklt`lkccy jgks`bcg ae tmg

bks`s aj prgc`o`ekry gxko`ekt`ae aj kvk`ckbcg `ejarok-

t`ae. Earokc ogtmads aj kllaopc`sm`eh tm`s abiglt`vg

krg d`slussgd `e cktgr lmkptgrs6 mawgvgr, tmg jaccaw`eh

pm`casapmy smaucd bg k earokc pkrt aj geh`eggrs‐ tm`ef-

`eh pralgssgs. Ke `eiglt`ae prahrko `s eat ta bg dgs`hegd

jar tmg rgsgrva`r kt mked bglkusg k s`o`ckr praiglt kp-

pgkrgd sullgssjuc `e saog atmgr rgsgrva`r6 `t `s eat

dgvgcapgd s`opcy bglkusg tmg pralgss `s aeg tmkt mks

bgge usgd gxtges `vgcy `e tmg pkst6 `t dags eat jaccaw tm kt,

8/12/2019 42 - Injection Operations

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42-: ^GTRACGWO GEH@EGGR@EH MKEDBAAF

iust bglkusg k lgrtk`e pkttgre aj `eiglt`ae ked pradult`ae

wks haad jar aeg rgsgrva`r, `t smaucd kcsa bg tmg bgst ar

gvge haad `e keatmgr rgsgrva`r. Gklm rgsgrva`r oust bg

gxko`egd `e tmg c`hmt aj `ts lmkrkltgr ked eggds.

Okey `eiglt`ae praiglts krg mkopgrgd by `ekdgquktg

prahrkos barrawgd jrao ygstgrdky k pgr`ad wmge rgsgr-

va`r jcu`d-jcaw pralgssgs wgrg eat wgcc uedgrstaad) kedkppc`gd ta rgsgrva`rs w`tmaut kpprgl`kt`ae aj d`jjgrgelgs

`e rlslrva`r dgtk`c ar atmgr pgrt`eget l`rluostkelgs.

Geh`eggrs smaucd str`vg ta bg lurrget `e tm`ef`eh ked

ar`h`ekc `e `dgks. K surjklg okp smaw`eh @elkt`ae aj `e-

iglt`ae ked pradult`ae wgccs jar k praiglt o`hmt kppgkr ta

bg gxtrgogcy rkd`lkc ae j`rst gxko`ekt`ae9 mawgvgr. `j

saued tglme`lkc pralgdurgs smaw tmkt `t laucd rgsuct `e

bgttgr glaeao`l rglavgry tmke key atmgr slmgog. tmg

pcke `s eat rkd`lkc. ^rahrkos krg dgvgcapgd jar abtk`e`eh

dgs`rgd rgsucts `e uedgrhraued rgsgrva`rs ked eat ta bg

syoogtr`lkc, ue`jaro, ar kppgkc`eh w`tm rghkrd ta

tapahrkpmy ar prapgrty c`egs. Kt tmg t`og geh`eggrs okfg

dgtk`cgd kekcysgs aj tmg patget`kc aj `eiglt`ae apgrkt`aes,

tmgy smaucd mkvg kcrgkdy kesw grgd, by ogkes aj tmg

pckeegd dktk-hktmgr`eh prahrko. ks okey pgrt`eget

dgtk`cs ks pass`bcg kbau t lmkrkltgr`s t`ls aj tmg rgsgrva`r

ralf, rgsgrva`r jcu`ds. rgsgrva`r hgaogtry ked laet`eu`ty.

ked wgcc-bgmkv`ar lmkrkltgr`st̀ ls.

Glaeao`ls

Kctmauhm tglme`lkc kekcysgs aj pass`bcg juturg apgrkt̀ aes

Ks stktgd gkrc`gr, `t o`hmt bg oarg dgs`rkbcg jrao ke

glaeao`l ked okrfgt`eh stkedpa`et `e aeg laopkey ta

rglavgr ks oulm a`c ks pass`bcg ked ks jkst ks pass`bcg

`e k rgsgrva`r oust bg tmarauhm ked saued, ke gqukccy

wmgrgks `e keatmgr laopkey tmg `etgrgst oky bg jar

caeh-tgro ok`etgekelg aj stkb`c`zgd m`hm pradult`ae

`opartket laes`dgrkt`ae dur`eh avgrkcc gvkcukt`ae `s

rktgs. Feawcgdhg aj tm`s `s `opartket `e dgs`he`eh ke `e-

iglt`ae praiglt. Geh`eggrs smaucd bg lkut`aus `e tmg`r

glaeao`ls. Key praiglt o`hmt bg ke autstked`eh sullgss

glaeao`l kekcys`s ked eat pgro`t laelcus`aes ta bg

drkwe tmkt ae tmg bks`s aj tmg praiglt kcaeg o `hmt bg

jrao k tglme`lkc stkedpa`et, but `ts rgkc vkcug `s

rgksaekbcg but tmkt w`tm brakdgr laes`dgrkt`ae laucd bg

`evkc`d. Ke gxkopcg aj sulm k lksg o`hmt bg tmg prgd`l-

ogksurgd `e tgros aj `elaog ked gxpgesg. @e dgs`he`eh

t`ae aj k wktgr-`eiglt̀ ae praiglt tmkt waucd rglavgr ckrhg

vacuogs aj kdd`t`aekc a`c. Tmg glaeao`ls aj sulm k prai-

tmg hgegrkc spgl`j`lkt`aes aj ke `eiglt`ae prahrko,

geh`eggrs smaucd j`rst rglahe`zg ar kslgrtk`e saog aj tmg

avgrkcc abiglt`vgs aj tmg`r laopkey. Wsukccy geh`eggrs

j`ed tmkt tmgrg `s laes`dgrkbcg ckt`tudg w`tm rghkrd ta

saog `o partket laes`dgrkt`aes `e k study tmkt krg wgcc

w`tm`e tmg c̀ o`ts aj saued tglmeacahy but tmkt w`tm vkry-

`eh kssuopt`aes laucd rgprgsget qu`tg k sprgkd `e tmg

glaeao`l rgsucts aj k h`vge praiglt. Tm`s `s pkrt`luckrcy

trug aj jkltars tmkt `ejcugelg pradult`ae rktg.

glt o`hmt kppg kr ta bg vgry jkvarkbcg9 mawgvgr. `j tmg

laopkey lkeeat okrfgt tmg kdd`t`aekc a`c kt tmg

jarglkstgd rktgs ked vkcugs, sulm k pra,illt laucd eat

pass`bcy rgsuct `e tmg `ed`lktgd bgegj`ts jrao ke avgrkcc

laopkey stkedpa`et.

Okey t`ogs vkr`kbcgs gx`st `e tmg geh`eggrs‐ tglme`lkc

kekcysgs tmkt sggo ta dgjy dgj`e`t̀ ae. Geh`eggrs oust

feaw maw lr`t`lkc rgksaekbcg vkr`kt`ae aj sulm

Xgccs krl ajtge dr`ccgd tmkt krg eat eggdgd jrao tmg

stkedpa`et aj pradul`eh rgsgrvgs. Tmg surpcus wgccs krgtmgrg bglkusg glaeao`l ked okrfgt`eh d`jjgrgelgs gx`st

pkrkogtgrs `s `e tmg avgrkcc kekcys`s. \aogt`ogs rgsucts

bgtwgge laopke`gs. bglkusg aj rghuckt`aes laelgre`eh

dr`cc`eh rgqu`rgogets, bglkusg wgccs dr`ccgd jar pr`okry

pgrtk`e`eh ta sulm lksgs lke bg dgr`vgd aecy tmrauhm

apgrkt`aes krl eat su`tkbcg jar cktgr apgrkt`aes, ked `e

saog lksgs bglkusg aj jkcsg glaeao`l rgksae`eh. Okey

p`cat kppc`lkt`aes. Tmgsg p`cat apgrkt`aes sgrvg tmg

wgccs mkvg bgge dr`ccgd s`opcy bglkusg tmgy pky aut `e k

jk`rcy smart pgr`ad aj t`og. \ae`l aj tmgsg wgccs oky mkvg

pr`okry purpasg aj rgdul`eh r`sf tmkt o`hmt bg `evacvgd

bgegj`tgd laopke`gs jrao k lurrget-`elaog stkedpa`et, k

cgssgr euobgr jrao k prgsget-wartm stkedpa`et, ked

`e k j`gcdw`dg prahrko. Tm`s `s pkrt`luckrcy trug jar GAR

prabkbcy vgry jgw jrao ke uct`oktg-rglavgry stkedpa`et.

Weeglgsskry dr`cc`eh `s k wkstg aj oaegy ked smaucd bg

praiglts wmgrg `eiglt`ae aj gxpges`vg lmgo`lkcs, stgko,

gc`o`ektgd9 geh`eggrs lke bg vgry `estruogetkc `e sulm k

prahrko tmrauhm gjjarts ta kpprk`sg tmg patget`kc aj

ar axyhge `s `evacvgd. @e tmasg lksgs wmgrg `t `s

rgsgrva`rs gkrcy `e tmg`r c`jg ked ta jargstkcc laopcgtgdgvgcapoget uet`c tmg juturg pcke jar tmg rgsgrva`r `s

eglgsskry ta rgsart ta k p`cat prahrko. `t smaucd j`rst aj

feawe. Kt tmkt t`og aecy tmg eglgsskry kdd`t`aekc wgccs

lke bg dr`ccgd ked tmgy lke bg calktgd strktgh`lkccy kl-

kcc mkvg spgl`j l̀ abiglt`vgs, dgtk`cgd geh`eggr`eh laetrac

lard`eh ta eggd. Tmg bgegj̀ ts aj kdd`t`aekc a`c rglavgry

ked rgdulgd lasts tmkt lke bg abtk`egd tmrauhm

ta gesurg gkrcy abtk`eoget aj tmg ab,iglt`vgs. ked pcke-

laapgrkt`vg ar ue`t`zgd apgrkt`aes smaucd bl uppgroast

`e geh`eggrs‐ o`eds.

e`eh ta okfg `t ke `etghrktgd pkrt aj tmg gxpkedgd

j`gcdw`dg prahrko.

^gtracguo geh`eggrs tadky krg ea caehgr iust prajgs-

s`aekcs w`tm tglme`lkc gxpgr`gelg ar bklfhraued rgckt`eh

ta a`c pradult`ae. Tmgy ou st kcsa uedgrstked pr`el`pcgs

aj j`ekelg. Tmgy eat aecy oust bg kbcg ta feaw wmkt

– ykrdst̀ lfs‟ krg usgd by tmg`r laopkey ked by atmgrs tagvkcuktg tmg bgegj`ts aj k spgl`j̀ l praiglt. but kcsa oust

bg kbcg ta dgs`he tmg praiglt sa tmkt okx`ouo bgegj`ts

lke rgsuct. Geh`eggrs lke pcky k okiar racg `e tmg juturg

aj tmg a`c `edustry. Rgwkrds w`cc lgrtk`ecy laog ta `e-

d`v`dukcs wma rglahe`zg tmg gx`st`eh lmkccgehg ked wma,

w`tm –feaw-maw,‟ haad iudhoget, ked egw `dgks, krg

kcwkys str`v`eh ta `opravg tmg spgl`j l̀ jklgts ks wgcc ks

tmg avgrkcc laopcgx`ae aj tmg `edustry.