4th 6 Weeks Test Review

Answers

Indian Removal Act

• Gave Andrew Jackson the power to negotiate resettlement treaties with the Native Americans and allowed the states to make laws governing their territory.

• Jackson thought this act was a fabulous compromise. He believed it would allow the natives to keep their way of life and also allow Americans to get the land they wanted.

• Instead the act caused death and hardship and made the natives very upset because they were forced off their land.

• Led to the “Trail of Tears”.

Nullification Crisis

Tariff of Abomination was a high tariff that set off a huge debate in Congress. South Carolina threatened to secede because they were being forced to pay it.

John C. Calhoun (former Senator for South Carolina AND the Vice President) declared that South Carolina was nullifying (cancel or void) the Tariff of Abominations.

Calhoun insisted that if a state felt a federal law was in direct conflict with the state’s best interests, the state could refuse to follow the law. The state had THE RIGHT to nullify a law they found unjust.

Election of 1828

• 1st election where all white males could vote because of the ending of property and taxation requirements for voting in many states.

• Began the modern democratic party

• Jackson ran again for president against Adams but this time he won.

• During the campaign he promoted his version of democracy in which the majority would rule and the power would be taken away from the rich, elite and given totally to the people. This became known as “Jacksonian Democracy”

Seneca Falls Convention

• Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton.• Women met to discuss getting the right to

vote.

Mexican Cession

• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo• Signed by President James K. Polk (president during

the war)• Ended the war with Mexico• Recognized Texas as being part of the US• The cession cost us $15 million dollars• Gave us 2 million sq. miles of territory, including

what is now California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico

• COMPLETED MANIFEST DESTINY!!!!!

2nd Great Awakening

• A time of renewed religious interest.

Free Enterprise System

• Economic system that allows for little or no government control.

• The people have the freedom to create businesses.

Spoils System

• Patronage: When presidents give people that have supported them key positions in their new administration.

• “To the victor belongs the spoils”: The winner (to the victor) should get (belongs) all the possessions and power (the spoils) from the loser.

• Andrew Jackson is famous for this quote as he explains how he should have the right to use the patronage system.

Manifest Destiny

• The idea that America had the GOD GIVEN RIGHT to pursue it’s dreams (more land, more wealth, and more international power).

• We believed that God intended for us to inhabit all land from “sea to shining sea” (Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean).

• Not only that but that it was an inevitability, it was BOUND to happen sooner or later…

• We used this belief to justify all the things we had to do in order to achieve those goals (war, treaties, land purchases, removal of the Indians, discrimination against the other native inhabitants of the area, boundary disputes, annexation of land, etc.)

Tariffs

• Tax on imported goods.• Impacted the south the most, since they did

the most trade outside the U.S.

Cotton Gin

• Inventor: Eli Whitney• Allowed MUCH more cotton to be

cleaned and processed a day and increased clothing production. Made cotton farming MUCH more profitable. Expanded the use of slaves in the south for cheap farm labor.

Erie Canal

• To help transport goods and people the US started building long-distance roads and Canals.

• The Erie Canal was built between Buffalo, NY and New York, NY– This benefited commerce (business) by

allowing people and goods to move from East to West MUCH faster.

– Trade stimulated by the canal helped New York City become the largest city in the US.

Interchangeable Parts

• Inventor: Eli Whitney• Contributed to the growth of mass production

in the United States by making production MUCH easier and faster and much more reliable.

Dorthea Dix

• Worked to help reform the prison system and help those with mental disabilities get fair treatment and care.

Sojourner Truth

• African American WOMAN who was born a slave.

• Wrote the poem “Ain’t I a Woman?” to explain how black women and white women were treated differently.

• Worked as an abolitionist to educate people against slavery

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• Worked for women’s rights (vote)• Organized: Seneca Falls Women’s Rights

Convention w/ Lucretia Mott• Opposed the 15th Amendment (gave African

American men vote after Civil War) because it excluded women.

• Heavily inspired by the Declaration of Independence!!!!

Horace Mann

• Worked to reform public education• Government should pay for public school for

all children.

Henry David Thoreau

• Transcendalist• Believed in very little or no government

involvement in people’s affairs.• Author

Economic Differences between North and South

North Wanted: South Wanted:

Free Labor Slavery and some free labor

Wanted slavery abolished or limited

Wanted to be able to extend slavery

Strong basis for industry

Relied on agriculture

Strong federal government

State’s Rights

High Tariffs Low Tariffs

Before, During, and After President Andrew Jackson

BEFORE:• Government for the

people but run by well educated (rich) leaders. (Republicanism)

• Democracy in political life

• Wanted farmers and mainly agricultural life

• Limited government

DURING:• Government for the

people and run BY THE PEOPLE (Democracy)

• Democracy in economic, social, and political life.

• Wanted a split between farming AND manufacturing

• Limited government but with a very strong president.

AFTER:• National Bank

destroyed = money problems

• Manifest Destiny in full force