from birth to infancy.Focuses on the prominence of the senses
and the muscle movement through which the infant comes to learn
about himself and the world.Object Permanence ability of a child to
know that an object still exists even when out of sight.
Stage 1:SENSORI-MOTOR STAGE
Stage 2:Pre-operational Stage2-7 years old.The child can now
make mental representations and is able to pretend.Symbolic
Function- ability to represent objects and events.Egocentrism- the
tendency of the child to only see his child point of
view.Centration- tendency of the child to only focus on one aspect
of a thing or event.
Pre-operational Stageirreversibility- inability of a child to
reverse their thinking.Animism- tendency of children to attribute
human like traits or characteristics to in animate
objects.Transductive reasoning- type of reasoning that neither
inductive nor deductive.
Stage 3: Concrete-operational StageIt is the ability of the
child to think logically but only in terms of concrete
objects.Covers approximately the ages 8-11 years or elementary
school years.
Decentering- ability of the child to perceive the different
features of objects and situations.Reversibility- the child can now
follow that certain operations can be done in reverse.Conservation-
ability to know that certain properties of objects do not change in
appearance.Seriation- the ability to order or arrange things in
series based on one dimension.
Stage4:Formal operational StageFinal stage where in children
ages 12 years of age and continues into and throughout adulthood.
Abstract reasoning is the hallmark of this stage.
Formal operational stage;Hypothetical reasoning- ability to come
up with different hypothesis.Analogical reasoning- ability to
perceive the relationship in one instance and then use that
relationship to narrow down possible answer.Deductive Reasoning-
ability to think logically by applying a general rule to particular
instance or situation.
