4 Designing Instruction

8/4/2019 4 Designing Instruction

1/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ 8>

IHHB Qk~oku

Mkxoejoje Ojx}q{h}olj6 Bdòje Akx} Sqdh}ohkxUlq` oj X}djmdqmx"Adxkm Hidxxqllb6

Qk~oku) Djdiyxox djm Dh}olj Sidj

^kqjd ^* Xdj}lx

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oj}l }gk mkio~kqy djm dxxkxxbkj} ln ojx}q{h}olj oj k~kqy hidxxqllb*

Id Hljxlidholj Hliikek Bdjoid " Adxoh Km{hd}olj Mksdq}bkj}'AKM/ jk~kq hkdxkx oj {seqdmoje o}x h{qqoh{i{b* O} hlj}oj{l{xiyxkdqhgkx nlq ojjl~d}oljx djm aqkd`}gql{egx }l bkk} ilhdi djmoj}kqjd}oljdi x}djmdqmx dx }gk uglik ojx}o}{}olj sdq}ohosd}kxdh}o~kiy oj eiladi ojo}od}o~kx* ]gk t{dio}y ln km{hd}olj }gd} x}{mkj}xqoeg}n{iiy mkxkq~k ox }gk sqobdqy qkdxlj ugy Id HljxlidholjHliikek Bdjoid gdm }l }goj` djm dh} ileohdiiy djm dnnkh} eiladiiy*Uo}g }gox oj bojm) }gk AKMx sidj ln dh}olj b{x} ak sqldh}o~k djmhl{im dmls} oj}kqjd}oljdi x}djmdqmx oj o}x t{dio}y bdjdekbkj}xyx}kb oj lqmkq }l bkk} eiladi x}djmdqmx ln t{dio}y djm kwhkiikjhk

oj o}x t{kx} nlq }qdjxnlqbd}olj*]kdhgkq akgd~olq djm }kdhgoje bk}glmx hljxox}kj}iy qkid}k }l

x}{mkj} dhgok~kbkj} 'Lqjx}koj) 4??1/* ]gk sqlaikb ox }gd} bdjy}kdhgkq akgd~olq djm }kdhgoje bk}glmx }gd} xkkb }l gd~k djknnkh} oj ljk xo}{d}olj bdy ak ojdssqlsqod}k djm ojknnkh}o~k ojdjl}gkq* Dhhlqmoje }l Xid~oj) }gkqk dqk nl{q hlbsljkj}x lnojx}q{h}olj6 '4/ t{dio}y ln ojx}q{h}olj0 '1/ dssqlsqod}k ik~ki lnojx}q{h}olj0 '8/ ojhkj}o~kx }l ulq` lj ojx}q{h}oljdi }dx`x0 djm '=/}obk jkkmkm }l ikdqj }gk }dx`* Dii ln }gkxk ul{im ak xd}oxnokm on}kdhgkqx dqk jl} a{qmkjkm ln }gkoq mdoiy ikxxlj sidj uqo}oje 'dx


2/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ 85

IHHB Qk~oku

ho}km oj Lqjx}koj) 4??1) s* 41/* O} ox b{hg dm~oxdaik nlq }gkb }lkwgd{x} }gkbxki~kx uo}g l}gkq ulq}gugoik kjmkd~lqx io`kqkbkmod}olj djm kjqohgbkj}* Dx sdq} ln }gk xhgllix hljhkqj) }gkdmbojox}qd}olj uo}g }gk ndh{i}y b{x} mk~oxk mk~kilsbkj} sqleqdbx}l x{x}doj hlbsk}kjhy djm knnkh}o~o}y* ]l kjx{qk }gd} }gkojx}q{h}oljdi sqleqdb ox oj iojk uo}g }gk dm~djhkbkj} ln

}khgjliley) }qdjxnlqbd}olj ox jkhkxxdqy*Dxomk nqlb }gk all` oj qk~oku) l}gkq qkid}km

qknkqkjhkx,xl{qhkx dqk io`kuoxk ho}km }l nlq}ony }gk {jmkqx}djmojedjm qknikh}oljx hljhkqjoje hidxxqllb sqdh}ohk*

Qk~oku djm Djdiyxox

Xhglli Qknlqb

Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej dx }gk hd}diyx} nlq x{hhkxxn{i xhglliqknlqb*

]gk all` mknojkx Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej dx d hlbsqkgkjxo~k)qkxkdqhg"adxkm sqlhkxx }l ojhqkdxk x}{mkj} dhgok~kbkj} djmqkm{hk }gk skqnlqbdjhk edsx dblje ~dqol{x x{a"eql{sx lnx}{mkj}x* O} ox a{oi} dql{jm d x}djmdqmx"adxkm h{qqoh{i{b djm {xkx}gk Akx} Sqdh}ohkx bk}glmx }l mkio~kq djm dxxkxx hidxxqllbojx}q{h}olj* Oj hlj}qdx} }l bdjy l}gkq dssqldhgkx }l hidxxqllbqknlqb) Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej ox jl} d ljk"xovk"no}x"dii blmki* O} ox dsqlhkxx }gd} }d`kx o}x xgdsk djm x{ax}djhk nqlb }gk {jot{knkd}{qkx ln }gk mox}qoh} djm o}x xhgllix ojnqdx}q{h}{qk }l ojhqkdxk }gkio`kiogllm o} uoii x{hhkkm* Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej qksqkxkj}x dhlbaojd}olj ln }gk s{aioxgkm ulq` lj x}djmdqmx"adxkm h{qqoh{i{b

djm }gk qkxkdqhg lj Akx} Sqdh}ohkx }kdhgoje djm }kx}ojex}qd}keokx) x}qd}keohdiiy oj}kqxskqxkm dblje }gk nliiluoje koeg}kikbkj}x ln x{hhkxxn{i xhglli qknlqb) jdbkiy6 '4/ gljkx} xkin"dssqdoxdi mljk }gql{eg dj dxxkxxbkj} ln h{qqkj} ik~kix lndhdmkboh dhgok~kbkj}x) dqkdx qkid}km }l dhdmkboh dhgok~kbkj}'moxhosiojk) d}}kjmdjhk) k}h*/) }gk dioejbkj} ln }gk xhgllih{qqoh{i{b uo}g ulqim hidxx x}djmdqmx) kdhg xhgllix hidxxqllbsqdh}ohkx) xhglli qknlqb ojo}od}o~kx) djm }gk skqhks}oljx ln }gk `kyx}d`kglimkqx 'sdqkj}x) di{bjo) hlbb{jo}y/0 '1/ aldqmhlbbo}bkj}0 '8/ d jdqqlu moqkh}km nlh{x0 '=/ x}{mkj} dhgok~kbkj}'blqk }gdj }kx} xhlqkx/0 ';/ dmls}olj ln d x}djmdqmx"adxkm


3/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ 87

IHHB Qk~oku

h{qqoh{i{b nlq dii x}{mkj}x '>/ d sqlhkxx }l mkio~kq djm dxxkxxhidxxqllb ojx}q{h}olj0 '5/ hlj}oj{diiy bljo}lqoje x}{mkj} djm x}dnnskqnlqbdjhk0 djm '7/ iojòje o} dii }lek}gkq oj}keqd}oje }gkqknlqbx oj}l }gk xhgllix mkks h{i}{qk*

Io`kuoxk) sdq}oh{idq kbsgdxox ox eo~kj }l hljx}q{h}o~ox} ikdqjojex}qd}keokx) monnkqkj}od}olj nlq kjqohgbkj} dx ukii dx qkbkmod}olj)djm }gk sql~oxolj ln dhhlbblmd}oljx djm blmonohd}oljx nlqx}{mkj}x uo}g xskhodi jkkmx* ]gql{egl{} }gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi MkxoejSqlhkxx) o} ox jkhkxxdqy }l gd~k d hlj}oj{di bljo}lqoje ln x}{mkj}djm }kdhgkq,x}dnn skqnlqbdjhk }l mlh{bkj} }gk mdoiy sqdh}ohk lnk~kqy }kdhgkq djm dmbojox}qd}lq djm sql~omk d boqqlq ay ugohg }gkqknlqb knnlq} ox dxx{qkm djm k~di{d}km*

Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx6 ]gk sdxx`ky }l x}djmdqmx"adxkmh{qqoh{i{b*

]gk Ojx}q{h}olj Mkxoej sqlhkxx akeojx uo}g o}x kjmsloj}6 ugd}

x}{mkj}x dqk kwskh}km }l bdx}kq) lq }gk ojmohd}lqx ln x{hhkxxn{idhdmkboh skqnlqbdjhk* O} ojhi{mkx }kx} qkx{i}x dx d xkhljmdqy lqojmoqkh} bkdx{qk ln dhdmkboh x{hhkxx* ]gk sqobdqy lq moqkh}bkdx{qkx dqk }gk dhdmkboh skqnlqbdjhkx mkbljx}qd}km ay kdhghgoim ay }gk kjm ln d eqdmk ik~ki oj kdhg x{afkh}* Uk hdii }gkxkSkqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx 'SOx/*

SOx uqds }lek}gkq xk~kqdi xòiix lq sqlhkxxkx) sidhk }gkboj}l dj d{}gkj}oh lq ionk"qkid}km hlj}kw}) djm dqkmkbljx}qd}km uo}g dj laxkq~daik sqlm{h} lq sqlhkxx }gd}qknikh}x bdx}kqy*

SOx dx` x}{mkj}x }l hljx}q{h} bkdjoje nlq }gkbxki~kxdjm dssiy ugd} }gky gd~k ikdqjkm }l d jku lq {jndboiodqxo}{d}olj

SO kwdbsikx dqk xli~oje ionk"qkid}km sqlaikb) skqnlqb d}dx`) hlbslxk lj lqoeojdi sokhk lq hljx}q{h} d blmki lqdj lafkh}*SOx oj~li~k goegkq"lqmkq sqlhkxxoje xòiix xl}gd} x}{mkj}x dqk qkt{oqkm }l }goj` akyljm }gk io}kqdi lqbkblqy ik~ki) }l }goj` djdiy}ohdiiy djm ojnkqkj}odiiy djm }l{xk hqkd}o~k djm hqo}ohdi sqlaikb xli~oje }gd} elkxakyljm ugd} udx moxh{xxkm oj }gk hidxxqllb*


4/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ 8?

IHHB Qk~oku

]gk xhglli bdy sqknkq }l qknkqkjhk d xdbsik nlqb nqlbdjl}gkq xl{qhk a{} }gk }kdb xgl{im qk~oku o}x luj hlj}kj}x}djmdqmx }l mk}kqbojk '4/ ugohg dqk }ll jdqqlu djm dqk akx}hlbaojkm0 '1/ ugohg dqk l~kqiy mkjxk djm xgl{im ak xsio}0 djm'8/ ugohg dqk xd}oxndh}lqy dx }gky dqk djm jkkm ljiy }gk dmmo}oljln hlj}kj} lq d sqlm{h}

Ay {xoje d q{aqoh ln hqo}kqod ugohg }gky hl{im mkqo~k nqlbxdbsikx) }gk xhglli dhdmkboh ]kdb hdj hqdn} }gkoq lujSkqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx nlq kdhg eqdmk ik~ki djm x{afkh} }dqek}kmoj }gk Dh}olj Sidj*

Sidjjoje

H{qqoh{i{b Bdssoje*

]qdmo}oljdi h{qqoh{i{b blmkix nkd}{qk }gk hlj}kj} djm dh}o~o}okxln d {jo} dx }gk OJS[] }l ak sql~omkm }l x}{mkj}x* Oj d x}djmdqmx"

adxkm h{qqoh{i{b) }gk nlh{x xgon}x }l dj L[]S[] blmki) djm }gkSkqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx dqk ugd} x}{mkj}x dqk kwskh}km }l ml*

Oj }gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej sqlhkxx) }gk ioj`dek ln }gkSkqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx }l }gk [jo} }lsohx ox }gk noqx} x}ks }ludqm}gk H{qqoh{i{b Bds* Ljhk mk~kilskqx omkj}ony }gk l}gkqhlbsljkj}x }gky nkki ul{im bd`k dj knnkh}o~k Bds djm xkikh} dsgyxohdi idy"l{}) }gk Bds akhlbkx }gk ykdq"ilje sidjjoje e{omkay ugohg }kdhgkqx lqedjovk }gkoq hl{qxk hlj}kj} dhqlxx }gk xhglliykdq* Uo}g }gk {xk ln H{qqoh{i{b Bdsx) kdhg }kdhgkqxobsikbkj}d}olj ln }gk Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx ox jl} ikn} }l hgdjhk*]gk Sqojhosdix oj~li~kbkj} uo}g H{qqoh{i{b Bdssoje ojhi{mkx6

'4/ bdoj}dojoje dj dkqodi ~oku ln kdhg hidxx djm eqdmk ik~ki nlq }gkykdq0 '1/ dx`oje }kdhgkqx }l {xk }gk Bds dx }gk adxox nlq ikxxljsidjx 'on }gky dqk qkt{oqkm/0 '8/ {xoje }gk Bdsx dx d }kj}d}o~kxhgkm{ik nlq sdxxoje }gk ykdqx h{qqoh{i{b djm }l mk}kqbojk ak}}kqlq ulqxk }obkx nlq dxxkbaiokx) nokim }qosx djm xskhodi k~kj}x0 '=/mox}qoa{}oje }gk bdsx }l sdqkj}x,e{dqmodjx lq hlbb{jo}y bkbakqxd} lqokj}d}olj lq lskj gl{xk0 ';/ mk}kqbojoje kt{osbkj} djmbd}kqodix jkkmkm0 '>/ sql~omoje sqlnkxxoljdi mk~kilsbkj} nlqxskhonoh dqkdx ln x}dnn ukd`jkxxkx0 '5/ qknkqkjhoje }gk Bdsxm{qoje sqk"laxkq~d}olj djm slx}"laxkq~d}olj Hljnkqkjhkx dx sdq}ln }kdhgkq dssqdoxdi0 '7/ la}dojoje }kdhgkq nkkmadh` dal{}


5/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ =3

IHHB Qk~oku

hlbsljkj}x ln }gk Bds }gd} bdy jkkm qk~oxolj0 djm '?/ {xoje }gkBdsx dx }gk nlh{x ln ]kdb bkk}ojex }l moxh{xx x}{mkj}skqnlqbdjhk

Kdhg ykdq) }gk mk~kilsoje ]kdb xgl{im k~di{d}k }gkH{qqoh{i{b Bds nlq hlbsik}kjkxx) dhh{qdhy) ~diomo}y }l e{omkojx}q{h}oljx djm {xkq "nqokjmiojkxx*

[jo} Sidjjoje*

]gk Ojx}o}{}oljdi Mkxoej dssqldhg }l }gk [jo} Sidj akeojx uo}g}gk Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx lj ugohg kdhg {jo} ox adxkm djmomkj}onokx xskhonoh x}qd}keokx }l sql~omk ojx}q{h}olj djm }l dxxkxxx}{mkj} ikdqjoje* ]gk xobsik) ljk"sdek nlqbd} gdx akkjmk~kilskm nqlb }gk sqojhosikx ln ikdqjoje }gklqy) d{}gkj}oh djmhljx}q{h}o~ox} }kdhgoje) djm }gk blqk qkhkj} Akx} Sqdh}ohkxqkxkdqhg* ]gkqk dqk hkq}dojiy ulqx} sqdh}ohkx oj }gk hidxxqllbojx}q{h}olj) oj k~kj }gk akx} xhgllix* Iox}km akilu dqk }gk ulqx}sqdh}ohkx kjhl{j}kqkm ay }gk d{}glqx djm lsslxo}k dqk glu }gk

Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej nlqbd} gdx }qokm }l hlqqkh} }gkb*

[jo} Sidj nlqbd}*

[jo} Sidj hilh` ndhk*

Oj mk~oxoje }gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej dssqldhg }l [jo} Sidjjoje)}gk d{}glqx s{iikm }lek}gkq xk~kqdi }gklqokx dal{} ikdqjoje djmglu x}{mkj}x x{hhkxxn{iiy sqlhkxx ojnlqbd}olj) ojhi{mojekwskqokj}odi ikdqjoje) }gk sqlhkxx"sqlm{h} qkxkdqhg)hljx}q{h}o~oxb) djm skqnlqbdjhk dxxkxxbkj}) monnkqkj}od}olj djm

}gk blqk qkhkj} Akx} Sqdh}ohkx bk}glm*


6/22


IHHB Qk~oku

]daik 4Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej Nlqbd} ^kqx{x Kjhl{j}kqkm Hidxxqllb Ojx}q{h}oljUlqx} Sqdh}ohkx

Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej Nlqbd}Kjhl{j}kqkm Hidxxqllb Ojx}q{h}olj

Ulqx} Sqdh}ohkx

]gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej [jo} Sidjxdqk a{oi} dql{jm }gk x}djmdqmx oj }gknlqb ln Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqxdxxoejkm }l [jo}x oj }gk H{qqoh{i{bBds*

[jo}x }gd} dqk sidjjkm dql{jmsql~lhd}o~k }gkbkx lq }lsohx djm

uo}g oj}kqkx}oje dh}o~o}okx a{} jl}hljjkh}km }l dhdmkboh x}djmdqmx*]gk Ulqx} Sqdh}ohk gkqk ox }gkmkhks}olj }gd} }gk x}djmdqmx uoii akhl~kqkm uo}gl{} sidjjoje nlq }gkb*

Akhd{xk }gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej [jo}Sidjx nlq kdhg eqdmk ik~ki lq hl{qxkdqk mk~kilskm nqlb }gk H{qqoh{i{bBds) }gky dqk mk~kilsbkj}diiy ioj`km}l kdhg l}gkq* Kdhg [jo}a{oimx lj }gkxòiix djm {jmkqx}djmojex nqlb sqolq[jo}x* Nlq kwdbsik oj oj}kqbkmod}kXhokjhk) on ljk [jo} mkdix uo}g }gkd}lboh djm blikh{idq xyx}kbx) }gkjkw} mkdioje uo}g }gk xlidq xyx}kb uoiia{oim oj }gk hljhks} ln xyx}kbx* O}hdj dh}{diiy {xk }gk {jmkqx}djmoje lnglu kikh}qljx qk~li~k dql{jm }gkj{hik{x dx dj dm~djhkm lqedjovkq nlqglu }gk sidjk}x qk~li~k dql{jm }gkx{j*

[jo}x }gd} dqk moxhljjkh}km nqlb}glxk }gd} sqkhkmk djm hlbk dn}kq)dmgkqoje }l }gk Ulqx} Sqdh}ohk }gd}kdhg xkqokx ln ikdqjoje kwskqokjhkxxgl{im ak d }goje ln akd{}y lj o}xluj) {j}qdbbkikm ay ioj`x }l l}gkq{jo}x*

]gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej [jo} Sidjxsql~omk nlq }gk ~dqol{x ik~kix lnAillbx ]dwljlby) al}g }lx}qkje}gkj d x}{mkj}x bkj}di~kqxd}oio}y djm }l sql~omk nlqMonnkqkj}od}olj*

[jo}x }gd} sdy io}}ik lq jl d}}kj}olj }l}gk ~dqol{x bkj}di sqlhkxxkx 'hdiikmhlejo}o~k mkbdjm oj }gk dhdmkbohx}djmdqmx all`/ qkt{oqkm ln x}{mkj}x }lmkbljx}qd}k ojmkskjmkj} bdx}kqy*]gkxk {jo}x oii{x}qd}k }gk ulqx}sqdh}ohkx ln 'd/ iobo}oje kwskh}d}oljx}l bkblqovd}olj djm ilu"ik~ki xòiidssiohd}oljx) lq 'a/ xòssoje moqkh}iy}l }gk {sskq ik~kix uo}gl{} djdmkt{d}k nl{jmd}olj*

]gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej [jo} Sidjxsql~omk nlq mk}kqbojoje ugd} x}{mkj}xaqoje }l }gk [jo} djm bd`kdmf{x}bkj}x dhhlqmojeiy* Oj ndh}) ljkln }gk Akx} Sqdh}ohkx ox nlq }kdhgkqx }l{xk }gox kj}qy"ik~ki ojnlqbd}olj }l gkisx}{mkj}x xk} d} ikdx} ljk skqxljdi djmljk dhdmkboh eldi nlq kdhg [jo} Sidj*

[jo}x }gd} bd`k jl sql~oxolj nlqmk}kqbojoje ugd} x}{mkj}x diqkdmy`jlu dal{} }gk }lsohx oj~li~km lqugd} xòiix }gky diqkdmy gd~k* ]gkxk{jo}x bd`k }gk ulqx} sqdh}ohkdxx{bs}olj }gd} x}{mkj}x `jlujl}goje djm xgl{im ak mqdeekm}gql{eg }gk kj}oqk {jo}) qkedqmikxx ln}gkoq kj}qy ik~ki xòiix lq xskhodijkkmx*


7/22


IHHB Qk~oku

Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej Nlqbd}Kjhl{j}kqkm Hidxxqllb Ojx}q{h}olj

Ulqx} Sqdh}ohkx

]gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej [jo} Sidjxojhi{mk xk~kqdi monnkqkj} dh}o~o}okx }lgkis x}{mkj}x bdx}kq }gk SkqnlqbdjhkOjmohd}lqx) ojhi{moje ~dqol{xblmdio}okx djm ikdqjoje hgdjjkix djm~dqol{x ls}oljx nlq x}{mkj}x }l

mkbljx}qd}k ugd} }gky gd~k ikdqjkm*Kdhg [jo} Sidj sql~omkx nlqMonnkqkj}od}olj) ojhi{moje x}qd}keokx nlqoj}kq~kj}olj lq qkbkmod}olj dx ukii dxkjqohgbkj}* Nlq x}{mkj}x uo}g XskhodiJkkmx) xskhonoh blmonohd}oljx djmdhhlbblmd}oljx dqk ojhi{mkm*

[jo}x }gd} dxx{bk dii x}{mkj}x ikdqjd} }gk xdbk qd}k djm hdj akx{hhkxxn{i {xoje omkj}ohdi dh}o~o}okx){xoje }gk Ulqx} Sqdh}ohk ln ljk xovkno}x dii*

Ay hlj}qdx}) }gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej[jo} Sidjx omkj}ony nlq kdhg dh}o~o}y dAkx} Sqdh}ohkx }kdhgoje x}qd}key djmdj dh}o~k kjedekm qkxsljxk nqlbkdhg x}{mkj}x* ]gk sqolqo}y ox nlq k~kqyx}{mkj} }l hljx}q{h} bkdjoje) djm }gk}kdhgkq qlik ox }l bljo}lq ojmo~om{dix}{mkj} bdx}kqy) k~kj oj eql{s

dh}o~o}okx*

[jo}x }gd} dqk idqekiy ulqàll`"mqo~kj djm,lq }kdhgkq"hkj}kqkm)qkiyoje lj 'd/ d bdflqo}y ln }kdhgkq"}di`) uo}g x}{mkj}x sidyoje sdxxo~kqlikx0 'a/ iobo}oje }gk a{i` ln x}{mkj}dh}o~o}y }l mqoii"djm"sqdh}ohkulq`xgkk}x lq x}{my e{omkx) uo}g~kqy io}}ik lsslq}{jo}y lq qkt{oqkbkj}

}l hljx}q{h} jku bkdjoje0 djm 'h/eql{s dh}o~o}okx oj ugohgdhhlbsioxgbkj}x dqk d}}qoa{}km }l diix}{mkj} dx bdx}kqy) l~kqillòje}gk qkdio}y }gd} xlbk x}{mkj}x bdyak boxxoje ~o}di xòiix*

]gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej [jo} Sidjxnlh{x lj }qodje{id}olj nqlb }gk ~kqyl{}xk} djm bljo}lq o} }gql{egl{} }gkmk~kilsbkj} sqlhkxx* Hidxx dh}o~o}okxdjm dxxkxxbkj}x dqk hljeq{kj} }luo}g [jo} lafkh}o~kx*

[jo}x oj ugohg }gkqk ox jl hljhkqjnlq }qodje{id}olj 'o*k*) hljeq{kjhk/dblje }gk }kdhgoje"ikdqjojedh}o~o}okx) }gk oj}kjmkm l{}hlbkx)djm }gk bkdjx ln dxxkxxbkj})qkx{i}oje oj x{hg Ulqx} Sqdh}ohkx*

Oj hlbsdqoxlj) }gk Ojx}q{h}oljdi

Mkxoej [jo} Sidjxqkt{oqk }gd} xk~kqdid{}gkj}oh lq skqnlqbdjhkdxxkxxbkj}x ak hlbsik}km ay kdhgx}{mkj} }l mkbljx}qd}k ojmkskjmkj}bdx}kqy ln }gk SkqnlqbdjhkOjmohd}lqx* K~kj }gl{eg xlbk ln}gkxk bdy ak eql{s dh}o~o}okx) }gkydqk hljx}q{h}km }l mk}kqbojk kdhgx}{mkj}x bdx}kqy*

[jo}x }gd} kjm uo}g d sdskq"skjhoi

}kx} djm sql~omk jl qkdiskqnlqbdjhk lq d{}gkj}ohdxxkxxbkj}x) hlbsl{jmoje }gd}kqqlq uo}g dj k~kj ulqxk Ulqx}Sqdh}ohk ln idakioje nqo~lil{xdh}o~o}okx dx skqnlqbdjhkdxxkxxbkj}x* Dblje }gk dh}{dikwdbsikx uk gd~k kjhl{j}kqkm dqkhliidekx) hld}x ln dqbx) nllm ndoqx)obdeojdqy djobdix) djm qds*


8/22


IHHB Qk~oku

]gk [jo} Sidj hilh` ndhk ox mo~omkm oj}l nl{q t{dmqdj}x dxoii{x}qd}km oj Noe{qk 4*

Noe{qk 4* [jo} Sidj hilh` ndhk*

T{dmqdj} 4) hdiikm Bl}o~d}olj) mqdux }gk x}{mkj}x oj}l }gk[jo}) mk}kqbojoje ugd} }gky diqkdmy `jlu djm mlj} `jlu) xk}}ojekwskh}d}oljx ay sqk~okuoje }gk h{ibojd}oje dh}o~o}okx djm gkisojex}{mkj}x xk} dhdmkboh djm skqxljdi eldix nlq }gk [jo}

T{dmqdj} 1) hdiikm Ojnlqbd}olj) ox d ~dqok}y ln }kdhgoje"ikdqjoje dh}o~o}okx) }gql{eg ugohg x}{mkj}x dqk sql~omkm }gk`jluikmek djm x`oiix }gky jkkm }l bdx}kq }gk SkqnlqbdjhkOjmohd}lqx* Kdhg dh}o~o}y gdx d mkio~kqy x}qd}key djm ikdqjojeHljx}q{h} dssqlsqod}k }l }gk hljhks}x djm omkdx kbakmmkm oj }gkojmohd}lqx djm d x}{mkj} qkxsljxk*

T{dmqdj} 8) hdiikm Dxxkxxbkj}) mkxoejd}kx }kx}x djmlaxkq~d}oljx }gd} bkdx{qk x}{mkj} bdx}kqy ln }gk Ojmohd}lqx oj d}qdmo}oljdi udy* ]gky dqk }kdhgkq"mo~omkm djm mkioakqd}kiyhljx}q{h}km }l yokim modejlx}oh md}d }gd} uoii ojmohd}k }gk jkkm nlqqk}kdhgoje lq l}gkq oj}kq~kj}olj*

Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx6

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T{dmqdj} = T{dmqdj} 4

H{ibojd}olj Bl}o~d}olj

T{dmqdj} 8 T{dmqdj} 1

Dxxkxxbkj} Ojnlqbd}olj

Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx6

\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

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T{dmqdj} = T{dmqdj} 4

H{ibojd}olj Bl}o~d}olj

T{dmqdj} 8 T{dmqdj} 1

Dxxkxxbkj} Ojnlqbd}olj


9/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ ==

IHHB Qk~oku

T{dmqdj} =) ox }gk H{ibojd}olj t{dmqdj}* ]gkxk dh}o~o}okx dqkgliox}oh }dx`x lq skqnlqbdjhkx }gql{eg ugohg x}{mkj}xmkbljx}qd}k ojmkskjmkj} bdx}kqy ln ljk lq blqk SkqnlqbdjhkOjmohd}lqx* X}{mkj}x hqkd}k lq mk~kils d sqlm{h} lq d sqlhkxx)xli~k qkdi"ulqim sqlaikbx) lq k~di{d}k }gk bkqo}x ln hkq}dojhqo}kqod* ]gox udx q{aqoh k~di{d}olj }llix*

[jo} Sidjx qksidhoje mdoiy ikxxlj sidjx*

]gk d{}glqx bkj}oljkm }gd} }gky x}qljeiy {qek xhgllimkhoxoljx"bd`kqx }l hljxomkq }gk [jo} Sidj dx d ak}}kq dssqldhgl~kq mdoiy ikxxlj sidjx* Dhhlqmoje }l }gkb) di}gl{eg blx} [jo}Sidjx ojhi{mk d nku sdekx ln d}}dhgbkj}x x{hg dx gdjm"l{}x)dh}o~o}y e{omk) }kx}x) skqnlqbdjhk dxxkxxbkj}x) sqlbs}x) djm ljklq blqk xhlqoje q{aqohx) }gk kxxkjhk ln kdhg {jo} ox hds}{qkm ljo}x ndhk sdekx) lq }glxk sdekx }gd} qknikh} }gk nl{q t{dmqdj}x*

Xojhk }gk lqoeojdi oj}kj} ln ikxxlj sidjx udx }l gkis }kdhgkqx

lqedjovk }gkoq ojx}q{h}oljdi mkio~kqy) }gd} s{qslxk ox xkq~km k~kjblqk hlbsqkgkjxo~kiy ay }gk [jo} Sidj* Djm xojhk d xkhljmdqyqkdxlj nlq ikxxlj sidjx udx }l `kks }gk a{oimoje sqojhosdiojnlqbkm) }gk hlbaojd}olj ln H{qqoh{i{b Bdsx djm [jo} Sidj ox ndqblqk n{jh}oljdi }gdj d hliikh}olj ln sokhkbkdi* Oj `jluoje glu }loj}kqsqk} }gk H{qqoh{i{b Bdsx) }gk sqojhosdi gdx dj obbkmod}kuomk"djeik ~oku ln }gk ykdqx h{qqoh{i{b) glu }gk SkqnlqbdjhkOjmohd}lqx gd~k akkj dxxoejkm }l [jo} Sidjx djm glu }gkxk {jo}xgd~k akkj xkt{kjhkm }gk uglik ykdq }gql{eg*

]gk }gqkk"ykdq }obk nqdbk*

]gk sqlhkxx ln mk~kilsoje djm soil}oje }gk [jo} Sidj ox ndoqiyhlbsikw* A{} o} ox jljk}gkikxx d hqo}ohdi x}ks oj }gk ojx}q{h}oljdiMkxoej Sqlhkxx) xojhk }gk [jo} Sidjx e{omk }gk mkio~kqy djmdxxkxxbkj} ln hidxxqllb ojx}q{h}olj* Djm }gky dqk ojmkkm }gkhl{qxk }lli nlq bd`oje o} slxxoaik nlq x}{mkj}x }l mkbljx}qd}kbdx}kqy ln }gk Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx* ]gk xdbsik }obk iojk oj]daik 1 xglux glu [jo} Sidjjoje no}x oj}l }gk aoe soh}{qk ln }gkkj}oqk sqlhkxx*


10/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ =;

IHHB Qk~oku

]daik 1[jo} Sidjjoje Sqlhkxx oj ]gqkk"_kdq ]obk Nqdbk

Akx} Sqdh}ohkx oj [jo} Sidjjoje djm Mkio~kqy

Bl}o~d}olj djm Ojnlqbd}olj*

]gk Bl}o~d}olj dh}o~o}okx dqk }gk kxxkj}odi noqx} x}ksx oj }gk}kdhgoje, ikdqjoje sqlhkxx* Gkqk) }kdhgkqx gkis x}{mkj}x jl} ljiy}l akhlbk ndboiodq uo}g }gk {jo} hlj}kj} akx} dixl }l dj}ohosd}kugd} uoii ak kwskh}km ay }gk kjm ln }gk kjhl{j}kq* Oj }gkxk ojo}odidh}o~o}okx) ellm }kdhgkqx oii{x}qd}k djm qkojnlqhk d hidxxqllb

h{i}{qk }gd} ~di{kx goeg ik~ki skqnlqbdjhk djm sqomk ojulq`bdjxgos) jl} jkhkxxdqoiy skqnkh}olj*

O} ox jl} jkhkxxdqy }l gd~k d Bl}o~d}olj dh}o~o}y nlq kdhgOjmohd}lqa{} qd}gkq }l mkxoej }ul lq }gqkk dh}o~o}okx }gd} hds}{qk}gk aoe soh}{qk ln }gk [jo}* ]gk x}{mkj}x dqk hilxkiy e{omkm}gql{eg }gkxk dh}o~o}okx) jl} ljiy }l kjx{qk }gkoq qkdmojkxx nlq }gkqkbdojmkq ln }gk [jo} a{} dixl }l eo~k }gk }kdhgkq dx l~kqdii omkdln }gkoq ik~ki ln oj}kqkx} oj djm `jluikmek ln }gk }lsohx }l akdmmqkxxkm*

_kdq 4 _kdq 1 _kdq 8

SkqnlqbdjhkOjmohd}lqx

'SOx/

Mk~kils) Soil}Hqo}ohdi Nqokjmx

Qk~oxk)Obsikbkj}

Hlj}oj{k'djj{diqk~oku/

H{qqoh{i{bBdsx


Qk~oxk)Obsikbkj}

Hlj}oj{k'djj{diqk~oku/

[jo} Sidjx Mk~kils) Soil}Hqo}ohdi Nqokjmx

Qk~oxk)Obsikbkj}

Hlj}oj{l{xBljo}lqoje

[jlnnohodiiy`kks }qdh` lnx}{mkj} bdx}kqy


Qk~oxk)Obsikbkj}

Akjhgbdq`Dxxkxxbkj}x

Hliikh}hidxxqllb}kx}x bkdx{qojeSOx


Qk~oxk)Obsikbkj}


11/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ =>

IHHB Qk~oku

]gk hqo}kqod nlq knnkh}o~k bl}o~d}olj dqk6 '4/ Dh}o~kiy oj~li~kx}{mkj}x oj d moqkh} kwskqokjhk0 '1/ Mk}kqbojk ugd} x}{mkj}x `jludjm mlj} `jlu0 '8/ Bd`k hljjkh}oljx }l sqolq djm x{axkt{kj}ikdqjoje0 '=/ Sot{k x}{mkj}x oj}kqkx}0 ';/ Xk} kwskh}d}oljx nlqhlbsik}oje }gk {jo}0 djm '>/ Gkis x}{mkj}x xk} skqxljdi ikdqjojeeldix*

Ojnlqbd}olj ox }gk sqobdqy }kdhgoje slq}olj ln }gk [jo}* ]gkOjnlqbd}olj t{dmqdj} qknikh}x }gk n{ii oj}kj} ln }gk SkqnlqbdjhkOjmohd}lqx oj }gk [jo} ay mk}doioje ugd} jkkmx }l ak }d{eg} djmglu o} ox akx} sqkxkj}km }l gkis k~kqy x}{mkj} dhgok~k bdx}kqy* Ojknnkh}) }gk hljhks}x) x`oiix) djm omkdx }gd} {jmkqiok }gk Ojmohd}lqxdqk dmmqkxxkm oj }gk [jo} Sidj* ]gk hqo}kqod nlq knnkh}o~kojnlqbd}olj dh}o~o}okx dqk6 '4/ Mkio~kqy X}qd}keokx djm X}{mkj}Qkxsljxkx Bd}hg }gk Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx0 '1/ X}{mkj}x gd~kdj dh}o~k) hljx}q{h}o~k qlik0 '8/ Eql{soje0 '=/ Ojmohd}k glu diiskqnlqbdjhk ojmohd}lqx uoii ak }d{eg}0 djm ';/ Qkt{oqk b{i}osikhlj}oj{di dxxkxxbkj} djm x{ax}dj}o~k nkkmadh`*

]gk all` dixl sql~omkm d moxh{xxolj ln Aillb djm }gk {xk ln}gk ]dwljlby }l gkis }kdhgkqx mox}oje{oxg dblje ik~kix ln}goj`oje djm }l kx}daioxg d qkdmojkxx nlq Monnkqkj}od}olj*

Ikdqjoje Hljx}q{h}x*

]gk all` gdx d}}kbs}km }l sql~omk d aqokn a{} {xkn{i ill` d}}gk koeg} blx} sqk~dikj} Ikdqjoje Hljx}q{h}x }gd} uk akiok~k dqkljk ln }gk }ul soiidqx }gd} x{sslq} }gk Akx} Sqdh}ohk bk}glmxkxxkj}odi }l k~kqy hidxxqllb* Dx d xyjlsxox) x}{mkj}x ugl bdx}kq}gk kj}oqk dqqdy ln dii koeg} uoii ak daik }l6 '4/ djdiyvk }gk

Lqedjovd}oljdi Sd}}kqjxln uqo}kq djm xsl`kj }kw} lj }gkoq luj0 '1/}d`k Jl}kx {xoje }gk Lqedjovd}oljdi Sd}}kqjx0 '8/ djdiyvk Bd}gsqlaikbx }l mk}kqbojk ugd} ox jkkmkm djm dssiy }gk hlqqkh} Bd}gSqlaikb"Djdiyxoxdjm Xli~ojex}qd}key uo}gl{} }kdhgkq sqlbs}oje0'=/ sqkmoh} }gk bkdjoje ln monnoh{i} ^lhda{idqy ulqmx nqlbXyj}dh}ohdi) X}q{h}{qdi) lq Hlj}kw} Hi{kx dx ukii dx omkj}ony }gk}ysk ln hi{k }gky {xkm djm ugk}gkq }gk ulqm gdx d slxo}o~k)jked}o~k lq jk{}qdi hljjl}d}olj0 ';/ oj}kqsqk} d Eqdsgoh Lqedjovkqx{ssiokm ay }gk }kdhgkq) a{} dixl mk~oxk }gkoq luj dssqlsqod}kEqdsgoh Lqedjovkq }l mkbljx}qd}k hlbsqkgkjxolj0 '>/ djxukqt{kx}oljx d} ~dqyoje ik~kix ln monnoh{i}y) a{} dixl mk~kils }gkoq luj


12/22


IHHB Qk~oku

Ik~ki O) OO) djm OOO T{kx}oljx0 '5/hd}kelqovk ojnlqbd}olj djm hqkd}k}gkoq luj Hd}kelqokx nqlb jljhd}kelqohdi dx ukii dx hd}kelqohdibd}kqodi0 '7/ oj}kqsqk} djm ekjkqd}k ]"hgdq}x) ^kjj Modeqdbx djmhlbsdqoxlj Bd}qohkx }l mkbljx}qd}k sqlnohokjhy oj Hlbsdqoje djmHlj}qdx}oje0 '?/ omkj}ony }gk mox}oje{oxgoje lq Hqo}ohdi D}}qoa{}kxln dhljhks} djm mox}oje{oxg o} nqlb l}gkqx0 '43/ oj}kqsqk} Bk}dsglqx

djm mk~kils }gkoq luj0 djm '44/ oj}kqsqk} Djdileokx djm mk~oxk}gkoq luj*

]gox bkdjx }gd} x}{mkj}x gd~k }d`kj dii }gk xdbsikx sql~omkmay }gkoq }kdhgkqx djm }kw}all`x djm oj}kqjdiovkm }gkb }l }gk sloj}}gd} }gky hdj hljx}q{h} }gk Hljx}q{h}) djm o} mlkxj} ek} djy ak}}kq}gdj }gd}*

Mkio~kqy X}qd}keokx*

]lek}gkq) }gk Ikdqjoje Hljx}q{h} djm Mkio~kqy X}qd}keokx dqk}gk }ul soiidqx }gd} akdq }gk ukoeg} ln hidxxqllb qknlqb oj }gk

Ojx}q{h}oljdi Mkxoej sqlhkxx*

Xojhk }gkqk dqk mlvkjx ln x}qd}keokx) }gk }kdhgkqx }l{egkx}mkhoxolj ox }l xkikh} }glxk }gd} dqk hljeq{kj} uo}g }gkSkqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx oj }gk [jo}* A{} }gkqk dqk xlbk goj}x* Ojblx} hdxkx) }gk }kdbx ugl mk~kilskm }gk Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqxxgl{im gd~k moxh{xxkm glu akx} }l }kdhg kdhg ojmohd}lq) djm }gk}kdb ugl s{} }lek}gkq kdhg H{qqoh{i{b Bdsb{x} moxh{xx ugd}}kdhgoje"ikdqjoje dh}o~o}okx ul{im el akx} uo}g kdhg [jo}*

]gk all` }glql{egiy moxh{xxkm xk~kqdi Mkio~kqy X}qd}keokx dxiox}km akilu djm nlq kdhg Mkio~kqy X}qd}key) }gk nliiluoje nlqbd} ox{xkm6

4* ]gk Mknojo}olj6 ojhi{moje o}x `ky d}}qoa{}kx djm glu }gkX}qd}key mkio~kqx ojnlqbd}olj*

1* Ugkj }l [xk O}ugd} hljhks}x djm x`oiix ikjm }gkbxki~kx}l }gox x}qd}key

8* Glu"]l{xk o}) xskhonyoje }gk qlik ln al}g }gk }kdhgkq djm}gk x}{mkj}*

=* Xlbk Hd{}oljdqy Jl}kx dal{} }gk X}qd}key0 }glxk }gojexikdqjkm }gk gdqm udy*


13/22


IHHB Qk~oku

]gk Mkio~kqy X}qd}keokx dqk dx nliilux6 '4/ Kwsidjd}olj0'1/ Mkbljx}qd}olj0 '8/ E{omkm Moxh{xxolj0 '=/ Ojt{oqy lq'Gysl}gkxox"]kx}oje/0 ';/ Ikdqjoje Hoqhikx0 '>/ ]gk Xlhqd}ohXkbojdq0 '5/ Dh}olj Qkxkdqhg0 djm '7/ ]gk Dm~djhk Lqedjovkq*

Mkio~kqy X}qd}keokx b{x} ak x}q{h}{qkm }l no} johkiy oj}l }gkBl}o~d}olj djm,lq }gk Ojnlqbd}olj t{dmqdj}x ln }gk [jo} Sidj*Djl}gkq Obslq}dj} }goje oj {xoje djy Akx} Sqdh}ohk ox }l `jluugohg ljkx djm oj ugd} hlbaojd}olj) akx} gkis x}{mkj}x bdx}kq}gk sdq}oh{idq hi{x}kq ln Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx oj ugohg [jo} oxadxkm*

Dxxkxxbkj} djm H{ibojd}olj

]gk L{}s{} xomk ln }gk [jo} Sidj) }gk Dxxkxxbkj} djmH{ibojd}olj) ox }gk sdylnn nlq dii }gk gdqm ulq` djm knnlq} }gd} gdxeljk oj}l }gk mkxoej djm mkio~kqy ln }gk {jo}* Nlq bdjy mk~kilsoje}kdbx) }gk l{}s{} xomk ox }gk akx} sidhk }l akeoj sidjjoje djm }gkj

bl~k adh`udqmx& }l dhgok~k }glxk Bl}o~d}olj djm Ojnlqbd}oljdh}o~o}okx blx} io`kiy }l yokim }gk oj}kjmkm qkx{i}x*

Dxxkxxbkj} nkd}{qkx ugd} dqk sqobdqoiy }qdmo}oljdi bkdx{qkxln x}{mkj} bdx}kqy) }gk akx} `jluj ln ugohg ox }gk lim ndboiodqsdskq"skjhoi }kx}* Ikxx"ln}kj bkj}oljkm a{} kt{diiy ~odaik dqk }gk}kdhgkq"laxkq~d}olj hgkh`iox}) sdekx nqlb d fl{qjdi lq ile) djmxkikh}km glbkulq` dxxoejbkj}x* Dxxkxxbkj} hl{im ak dxnliilux6

4* Sqleqkxxo~k " mk~kilskm hlj}oj{diiy }gql{egl{} }gk [jo}djm dqk h{b{id}o~k dx }gk [jo} sqleqkxxkx*Oj gkqk) x}{mkj}x xgl{im ak sql~omkm uo}gqke{idq nkkmadh` dilje }gk udy }l e{omk}gkoq sqleqkxx djm gkis }gkb xkin"hlqqkh}*

1* Nlqbd}o~k " bkdx{qkx sqleqkxx d} oj}kq~dix }l gkis }gk}kdhgkq mk}kqbojk bdx}kqy* ]gkxkbkdx{qkx ojnlqbd}olj }gk }kdhgkq dx }l ugljkkmx ugd} oj }kqbx ln qk}kdhgoje)qkbkmod}olj) lq k~kj kjqohgbkj}* ]gkh{qqkj} }qkjmy }kqb ox dxxkxxbkj} nlqikdqjoje*


14/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ =?

IHHB Qk~oku

8* X{bbd}o~k " }gk nojdi }kx} mlkx jl} lhh{q {j}oi }gk kjm ln}gk [jo} ugkj x}{mkj}x dqk kwskh}km }l`jlu }gk bd}kqodi) djm }gk hidxx ox qkdmy }lbl~k lj* ]gox ox hljxomkqkm }gk nojdi lqx{bbd}o~k dxxkxxbkj}) dixl `jluj ay o}x}qkjmokq }kqb dxxkxxbkj} ln ikdqjoje*

]gk hqo}kqod nlq dxxkxxbkj} dqk }gk nliiluoje6

4* ]gky dqk }qdmo}oljdi }kx}x }l mk}kqbojk bdx}kqy 'sdskq"skjhoi lq }kdhgkq laxkq~d}olj/* ]gkxk ojhi{mk b{i}osik"hglohk o}kbx '~diomiy hljx}q{h}km0 bd}hg }gk SkqnlqbdjhkOjmohd}lqx0hljeq{kj} uo}g }kdhgoje"ikdqjoje dh}o~o}okx/ djmhljx}q{h}km qkxsljxk o}kbx*

1* ]gky dqk modejlx}oh}l omkj}ony jkkmkm oj}kq~kj}olj*

8* ]gky dqk xkikh}o~k }l ojnkq bdx}kqy nqlb d xdbsioje}kx},t{ovvkx }gd} sdqdiiki goeg"x}d`kx }kx}x) x{hg dxb{i}osik"hglohk o}kbx 'uo}g hglohkx }gd} dqk modejlx}oh{slj djdiyxox/ djm xglq} djxukq o}kbx }gd} oj~li~ksqlaikb"xli~oje) bdòje ojnkqkjhkx) k~di{d}oje) bdòje

f{mekbkj}x djm kwsidojoje*

=* Bdy dixl ojhi{mk laxkq~d}olj hgkhìox}x) fl{qjdi kj}qokx)bdsx) md}d hlbsoid}olj) glbkulq` djm xl lj*


15/22

MKXOEJOJE OJX]Q[H]OLJ ;3

IHHB Qk~oku

]daik 8Hlbsdqoxlj ln Dxxkxxbkj} uo}g H{ibojd}oje Dh}o~o}okx

Dxxkxxbkj}x H{ibojd}oje dh}o~o}okx

'4/ xkikh}o~k djm qksqkxkj}d}o~k)bkdx{qoje `ky o}kbx dmmqkxxkm

oj }gk [jo}ugohg obsiyd uomkqbdx}kqy0 x}{mkj}x qkxsljm }l}gkxk o}kbx oj udyx }gd} boboh lqhilxkiy sdqdiiki hidxxqllbsqdh}ohk

'4/ gliox}oh sqlfkh}x lq }dx`x sql~omojemoqkh}bkdx{qkx ln bdx}kqy0

x}{mkj}x dssiy x`oiix djm hljhks}xikdqjkm m{qoje }gk [jo}}l xli~ksqlaikbx) hlbsik}k sqlfkh}x)hqkd}k lqoeojdi sqlm{h}x akyljm}glxk mljk oj }gk hidxxqllb

'1/ al}g nlqbd}o~kdjm x{bbd}o~k0}gk nlqbd}o~k bkdx{qkx hgkh` nlq{jmkqx}djmoje m{qoje }gk [jo}0}gkx{bbd}o~k bkdx{qkx 'd`d }gk[jo} ]kx}/ mk}kqbojk bdx}kqy d}}gk kjm ln }gk [jo}

'1/ blqk x{bbd}o~k}gdj nlqbd}o~k0}gky dqk oj}kjmkm }l xgluojmkskjmkj} bdx}kqy ln }gkSkqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqxdjm }gkdaoio}y }l dssiy ugd} udx ikdqjkmoj d monnkqkj} hlj}kw}

'8/ }kdhgkq"mk~kilskm sqlbs}x uo}gkwdh} 'lq iobo}km qdjek ln

dhhks}daik/ djxukq'x/ }gd}hlqqkxsljm }l d xhlqoje `ky0kw}kjmkm qkxsljxkx bdy akhqkd}o~k a{} dqk x}oii ndoqiyhlj~kqekj}) djm }gk sqlm{h} ox}ysohdiiy sdskq"skjhoi 'di}gl{eglaxkq~d}olj ulq`x ukii) }ll$/

'8/ x}{mkj}"hljx}q{h}km sqlm{h}x uo}gd uomk qdjek ln ls}oljx }l

hlbsik}k djm blqk }gdj ljk qoeg}djxukqdiako} uo}goj e{omkiojkx0k~di{d}km uo}g d q{aqoh }gd}qknikh}x }gk SkqnlqbdjhkOjmohd}lqxakoje dxxkxxkm djm}ysohdiiy qkx{i} oj d hljhqk}kmoxsidy lq sqlm{h}

'=/ mkxoej }l dssqlwobd}k goeg"x}d`kx }kx}oje 'k*e* Olud) XD])}kx}x {xkm nlq JHIA/ ay ojhi{mojeb{i}osik"hglohk djm kw}kjmkmqkxsljxk o}kbx djm ay akoje}obkm

'=/ mkxoej }l dssqlwobd}k qkdi"ionkxo}{d}oljx 'o*k*) kj}oqk sqlaikbx }lxli~k) sqlm{h}x }l mk~kils)sqlhkxxkx }l hlbsik}k) k}h*/)ojhi{moje blqk nikwoaik }obknqdbkx


16/22


IHHB Qk~oku

]gk Hqo}kqod nlq H{ibojd}oje Dh}o~o}okxH{ibojd}olj 'Hljhqk}k " Sqlm{h}olj/

4* gliox}oh) ionk"qkid}km }dx`x kw}kjmoje akyljm }gk hidxxqllb

1* mqdu }lek}gkq }gk [jo}ikdqjoje kwskqokjhkx

8* diilu x}{mkj}x ls}oljx nlq hlbsik}oje }gkxk }dx`x

=* gkis x}{mkj}x bkdx{qk }gkoq luj eldix

;* xhlqkm uo}g d q{aqoh adxkm lj }gk Skqnlqbdjhk Ojmohd}lqx

>* uqo}oje dj lqoeojdi sokhk ln io}kqd}{qk lq d hlbslxo}olj

5* mk~oxoje d }qkd}y lq d hlj}qdh} ak}ukkj }ul sdq}okx

7* hliikh}oje) moxsidyoje) djm djdiyvoje md}d

?* mkxoejoje djm hljm{h}oje dj lqoeojdi kwskqobkj}

43* djdiyvoje kqqlq sd}}kqjx oj d xkqokx ln xli~km sqlaikbx

44* mk~kilsoje lqoeojdi sqlaikbx }l xli~k

41* sqksdqoje d xhqos} nlq d ]^ }di` xglu lq jkuxhdx}

48* nlqb{id}oje dqe{bkj}x

Hdsdho}y A{oimoje d} d Eidjhk

On }gk qknlqbx }gd} d x}dnn gdx ulq`km xl gdqm }l dhhlbsioxgdqk }l x{q~o~k djm yokim xoejonohdj} djm idx}oje edojx oj x}{mkj}skqnlqbdjhk) }gk hgdjekx b{x} akhlbk n{iiy oj}keqd}km oj}l kdhgxhgllix mkks h{i}{qk* ]gky b{x} akhlbk }gk udy a{xojkxx oxmljk }gkqk k~kqy mdy* ]l bd`k }gox d qkdio}y) }gk dmbojox}qd}o~kdjm }kdhgoje x}dnn b{x} akeoj mk~kilsoje }gk hdsdho}y }l x{x}doj

}gkoq qknlqbx nqlb }gk ~kqy l{}xk} ln }gk sqlfkh}* ]gox ojhi{mkx }gkhlj}oj{di {xk ln md}d }l sql~omk blqk knnkh}o~k hidxxqllbojx}q{h}olj djm }l ojnlqb }gk mox}qoh}x x}qd}keoh sidjjoje) }gkmk~kilsbkj} djm x{sslq} ln }kdhgkq"ikdmkqx }l gkis obsikbkj}}gk qknlqbx }gql{egl{} }gk a{oimoje) }gk moqkh} oj~li~kbkj} djmdhhl{j}daoio}y ln kdhg mox}qoh} dmbojox}qd}lq oj }gk qknlqb sqlhkxx)djm }gk {xk ln Hliidalqd}o~k Laxkq~d}olj }l gkis }kdhgkqx djmdmbojox}qd}lqx ulq` dx sdq}jkqx oj }gk obsikbkj}d}olj ln }gkxskhonoh hl{qxk }llix djm sqlhkxxkx oj kdhg hidxxqllb* Noe{qk 8qksqkxkj}x }gkxk hdsdho}y"a{oimoje kikbkj}x nlq dhhlbsioxgoje }gkeldi ln obsql~km x}{mkj} dhgok~kbkj}*


17/22


IHHB Qk~oku

Noe{qk 8*Hdsdho}y"a{oimoje kikbkj}x nlq dhhlbsioxgoje }gk eldiln obsql~km x}{mkj} dhgok~kbkj}*

A{oimojeIkdmkqxgos

]kdbx

Hliidalqd}o~kLaxkq~d}olj

AKJHGBDQ@OJE [XOJE MD]D

DH]OLJSIDJ

Obsql~km X}{mkj}Dhgok~kbkj}

]gql{egOjx}q{h}oljdi

Mkxoej

X}kudqmxgos


18/22


IHHB Qk~oku

IHHB Adxoh Km{hd}olj Mksdq}bkj} Dh}olj Sidj

D h{qqoh{i{b mk~kilsx }gql{eg d myjdboh sqlhkxx djm oxx{afkh} }l skqolmoh k~di{d}olj) ugohg sqlm{hkx qkhlbbkjmd}oljxnlq blmonohd}oljx lq k~kj bdflq hgdjekx* ]gk sgoilxlsgy lnkm{hd}olj) ugohg xgl{im ak }gk {i}obd}k adxox ln djy h{qqoh{i{bmkxoej lq qknlqb) gdx }l ak qkik~dj} djm qkxsljxo~k }l }gk qdsomiyhgdjeoje ulqim* ]l dh}{diovk d eqdhol{x ionk oj }gox hgdjeoje ulqim)Noiosojl ikdqjkqx jkkm dj km{hd}oljdi xyx}kb }gd} kbslukqx }gkbnlq ionkilje ikdqjoje lq kjdaikx }gkb }l ak hlbsk}kj} oj ikdqjojeglu }l ikdqj djyugkqk) k~kj ugkj }gky dqk ikn} }l }gkbxki~kx*Ionkilje ikdqjoje bkk}x }gk hgdiikjekx slxkm ay d qdsomiyhgdjeoje ulqim a{} o} ox jkdqiy obslxxoaik }lmdy nlq djyalmyuo}gl{} n{jh}oljdi io}kqdhy ugohg ojhi{mkx kxxkj}odi x`oiix io`kioje{ox}oh ni{kjhy djm xhokj}onoh"j{bkqohdi hlbsk}kjhk* ]g{x) o}xgl{im ak dx`km6 Dqk IHHB"AKM ikdqjkqx d}}dojoje n{jh}oljdiio}kqdhy

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4 Designing Instruction