3G Overvew For

PLANNING AND ENGINEERINGNETWORK SERVICES DIVISION

OUTLINEOUTLINEOUTLINE

� RELEASE 99� What is Rel.99 3G

� Network Topology

� Capacity

� Coverage

� Soft Handover

� RELEASE 5 (HSDPA) � What is HSDPA

� Data rate

� Performance

� Coverage

� Resources

RELEASE 99 3GRELEASE 99 3G

WHAT IS REL.99 3G?

� Release 99 3G is based on WCDMA technology, characterized by

use of a wider bandwidth than CDMA, which results to high

transfer rate, increased system capacity and communication

quality

� It is designed for multimedia communication, capable of

delivering different types of services

• Voice

• SMS, MMS

• Video

• Data

NETWORK TOPOLOGYNETWORK TOPOLOGYNETWORK TOPOLOGY

MSC / VLR

BSC

BTS

BTS

BTS

TC

HLR

BSS CIRCUIT SWITCHED CORE

NET WORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PACKET SWITCHED CORE

SGSN

INTERNETGGSN

PSTN

MSSMGW

3G HLR

NODE B

NODE B

NODE B

RNC

3G SGSN IMS

/ RAN

- subscriber profile (temporary)- location information (e.g. LAI)- subscriber identifier (e.g. IMSI, TMSI)

CS-Domain Network

Exchange specific functions:- switching

- signalling evaluation

- operational tasks

(alarms, CDR generation, statistics)

Mobile communication specific functions- Interrogation of HLR

Mobile communication specific functions- mobility management- mobile specific connection management- interaction with HLR and VLR- interaction with GERAN/UTRAN- transcoding (UMTS only)

Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC)Gateway Mobile services Switching Centre (GMSC)

Exchange specific functions:- switching - signalling evaluation- operational tasks (alarms, CDR generation,

statistics)

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

PS-Domain Network

Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

• Network Access Control(authentication, authorisation, admission control, CDR collection, operator determined barring)

• Packet Routing & Transfer(relay, routing, address translation & mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)

• Mobility Management

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

• Network Access Control(CDR collection, screening)

• Packet Routing & Transfer(relay, routing, address translation & mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)

• Mobility Management

Border Gateway (BG)

For secure inter-PLMN connection

Charging Gateway Function (CGF)

intermediate between SGSN/GGSN and billing centre

Radio Network Controller Tasks

& Functions

• WCDMA radio resource managementincl. Radio resource management of

channel configurations,

traffic and control channels, handovers,

power control.

• Telecom functionalityincl. Location & connection management,

ciphering, Iu and Iub channel management,

ATM switching and multiplexing

• Maintenanceincl. Fault localisation and reconfiguration

• Operationincl. RNC and Node B parameter

modification

RNC196/1to5 - RNC Capacity Steps in RAS05 solutions for flexible network building

1 2

3

4

5

R99 – 196Mbit/s

HSDPA – 100 Mbit/s

Config. Connectivity

Iub Mbit/s AMR

Erlangs

Number of

BTSs

supported

Carriers AAL2UP

R99/HSDPA

with max pool

size

R99/HSDPA

with max pool

size

R99/HSDPA

with max pool

size

Mbit/s Max

number

of the

cards

Nbr of int

unprot. /

(Protected)

Max

number

of the

cards

Nbr of int

unprotected

1 48 / 16 1300 128 / 48 384 / 144 400 4 16 / (8+8) 4 64

2 85 / 33 2700 192 / 96 576 / 288 550 4 16 / (8+8) 6 96

3 122 / 50 4000 256 / 144 768 / 432 700 4 16 / (8+8) 8 128

4 159 / 75 5400 320 / 216 960 / 648 850 4 16 / (8+8) 10 160

5 196 / 100 6800 384 / 288 1152 / 864 1000 4 16 / (8+8) 12 192

Iub traffic capacity Interfaces

RNC196

/step

STM-1 /OC-3 E1/ T1

RNC196 / 5 steps

101010010101010001Iub Interface

ATM

Uu InterfaceWCDMA

Cellular Transmission management

Managing ATM switching and multiplexing over the Iub interface. Control of AAL2/AAL5 connections. Control of the physical transmission interfaces – E1, PDH, SDH or

microwave.

Air Interface management. Controlling Uplink and Downlink radio

paths on the Uu Air Interface. Baseband to RF conversion. Antenna multi-coupling.

O&M Processing.Interfacing with NMS and RNC for alarm

and control (Operations and Maintenance) functions.

Radio Channel functions.Logical to physical channel

mappings. Encoding/Decoding – Spreading/Despreading user

traffic and signalling.

RNC

Node B Tasks & Functions

Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS

Supreme Indoor

AXUx = ATMc cross conn. unit (1pcs)

WSCA = System Clock (1 pcs)

WSPC= Signal Processing Unit WPSE = Power Supply DC UnitWAMA = Application Magnager UnitWSMB = Summing & Multiplexing Unit

WPSE = Power Supply DC Unit (3pcs)

WSMB = Summing & Multiplexing Unit (3pcs)

WTRB = WCDMA Transmitter and Receiver (3pcs)

WAMA = Application Manager Unit (3-6 pcs)

WSPC = Signal Processing Unit(1-18pcs) IFUx = Transm. interface (1-5 pcs)

WINB cabinet WIFB = Input filter DC (one per cabinet)

WICA= Input Combiner (3pcs)

WAFA= Antenna Filter Unit (3pcs)

WPAJ= Linear Power Amplifier (3pcs)

3G COVERAGE3G COVERAGE3G COVERAGE

� CELL RANGE

NODE B

Voice Call = 410m

Video Call & PS-64Kbps Data = 360m

PS-128Kbps Data = 310m

PS-384Kbps Data = 220m

0

Central Business Districts

RAB CBDDense

UrbanUrban

Voice Call 410 m 650 m 1050 m

Video Call 360 m 580 m 930 m

64Kbps Data 360 m 580 m 930 m

128Kbps Data 310 m 490 m 800 m

384Kbps Data 220 m 360 m 580 m

510m

0%

420m

50%

3G COVERAGE3G COVERAGE3G COVERAGE

� CELL BREATHING

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0.14

0.23

0.27

0.30

0.33

0.35

0.36

0.38

0.39

0.40

0.42

0.43

0.44

0.45

0.46

0.47

0.47

0.48

0.49

0.50

-

3.00

6.00

9.00

12.00

15.00

18.00

21.00

24.00Loading Interference Margin

Sample of Cell Loading vs. Cell Range Graph Using Voice Call Traffic

340m

75%

NODE B

meters

Interference Margin (dB)Cell Loading

3G SITE CAPACITY3G SITE CAPACITY3G SITE CAPACITY

� BASIC 3G CAPACITY

� CE = Channel Element

� NODE B CAPACITY

� Nokia Processing Card = WSPC

� 1 WSPC = 64 Channel Elements

� Required CE for Control Channels = 16 CE

RAB ThroughputRequired CE

(Nokia Equipment)

Voice Call 12.2 Kbps (CS) 1

Video Call 64 Kbps (CS) 4

64Kbps Data 64 Kbps (PS) 4



3G SITE CAPACITY3G SITE CAPACITY3G SITE CAPACITY

� SIMULTANEOUS CAPACITY

No. of

Carriers

Approx.

No. of

WSPC

Channel

Elements (Incremental)

Channel

Elements (Cummulative)

1 48 48

2 64 112

3 64 176

4 48 224

5 64 288

6 64 352

7 48 400

8 64 464

9 64 528

3

2

1

Simultaneous

Voice Call

48

112

176

224

288

352

400

464

528

Simultaneous Video Call /

64kbps Data /

128kbps Data

12

28

44

56

72

88

100

116

132

Simultaneous

384kbps Data

3

7

11

14

18

22

25

29

33

� Simultaneous Calls possible with No Soft Handover

� Default Config for a new Node B is (1) WSPC

SOFT HANDOVERSOFT HANDOVERSOFT HANDOVER

CORE

NODE B

RNC

NODE BNODE B

During a 3G Call

CARRIER 1 CARRIER 1 CARRIER 2

� Same Carrier = Soft Handover


NODE B

RNC

NODE BNODE B


During a 3G Call

� Same Carrier = Soft HandoverCORE


NODE B

RNC

NODE BNODE B


During a 3G Call

� Same Carrier = Soft HandoverCORE


NODE B

RNC

NODE BNODE B


During a 3G Call

� Same Carrier = Soft Handover� Different Carrier = Hard Handover

CORE


NODE B

RNC

NODE B


During a 3G Call


CORE

NODE B


NODE B

RNC

NODE B NODE B


CORE

During a 3G Call


INTER SYSTEM HANDOVERINTER SYSTEM HANDOVERINTER SYSTEM HANDOVER

2G

3G

� 3G TO 2G COVERAGE

During a Call� Voice Call = Handover to 2G� Video Call = No Handover� PS-Data = Cell Reselection to 2G

2G

� 2G TO 3G COVERAGE

During a Call� Voice Call = Handover to 3G� PS-Data = Cell Reselection to 2G

2G

3G

2G

RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)

WHAT IS HSDPA?

� High Speed Downlink Packet Access

� HSDPA is an improvement on Release99 3G, through the use of

new modulation and coding scheme, efficient packet scheduling

and fast retransmission technique

� It is designed to deliver high speed data services of up to 10Mbps

Higher data performanceHigher data performance– Downlink data rate: 1.8 … 10 Mbps

– Low latency: 50 ms

HSDPAHSDPA

Higher network efficiencyHigher network efficiency– Higher spectral efficiency

– Higher Iub efficiency than R99

– Higher Baseband efficiency

Customer Confidential

EfficientEfficient

NewNew FastFast

Newadaptive modulation

and coding

Newadaptive modulation

and coding Efficientschedulingin BTS

Efficientschedulingin BTS

Fastretransmission

in BTS

Fastretransmission

in BTS

RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)

Retransmission HandlingRetransmission Handling

Terminal

BTS

Rel’99 DCHNokia RAN 1.5.2

Rel’5 HS-DSCHNokia RAN05

Packet

Retransmission

RLC ACK/NACK

Retransmission

L1 ACK/NACK

Packet

Terminal

BTS

RNC RNC

Dataflow

Downlink Control moved

to BTS

Customer ConfidentialCustomer Confidential

HSDPA GENERAL PRINCIPLEHSDPA GENERAL PRINCIPLE

• Fast scheduling is done directly in Node-B based on feedback

information from UE and knowledge of current traffic state.

UE2

Channel quality(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)

Channel quality(CQI, Ack/Nack, TPC)

Data

Data

Users may be time and/or code multiplexed

New base station functions

• HARQ retransmissions

• Modulation/coding selection

• Packet data scheduling (short TTI)

New base station functions

• HARQ retransmissions

• Modulation/coding selection

• Packet data scheduling (short TTI)

UE1

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160-2

0246810121416

Time [number of TTIs]

QPSK1/4

QPSK2/4

QPSK3/4

16QAM2/4

16QAM3/4

Instantaneous EsNo [dB]

ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODINGADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODING

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160-2

0246810121416

Time [number of TTIs]

QPSK1/4

QPSK2/4

QPSK3/4

16QAM2/4

16QAM3/4

Instantaneous EsNo [dB]

HSDPA PEAK DATA RATESHSDPA PEAK DATA RATES

Modulation Code rateSFThroughput(10 codes)

Throughput(15 codes)

Throughput(5 codes)

QPSK

1/4

2/4

3/4

16

16

16

1.2 Mbps

2.4 Mbps

3.6 Mbps

1.8 Mbps

3.6 Mbps

5.3 Mbps

600 kbps

1.2 Mbps

1.8 Mbps

16QAM

1/4

2/4

3/4

16

16

16

2.4 Mbps

4.8 Mbps

7.2 Mbps

3.6 Mbps

7.2 Mbps

10.7 Mbps

1.2 Mbps

2.4 Mbps

3.6 Mbps

HSDPA DATA PERFORMANCEHSDPA DATA PERFORMANCE

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Distance from BTS [relative to cell radius, 1=cell edge]

kbps

3.6 Mbps close to cell center

Approx 300 kbps at the cell edge

Median data rate 770 kbps

(at 0.7x distance)


Release ’99 DCH

HSDPA


Single User Bit Rate in Macro Cell

HIGHER DATA PERFORMANCEHIGHER DATA PERFORMANCE

Round trip time of 32-Byte packet

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Today HSDPA HSDPA+HSUPA

ms

Release 99 200 ms

HSDPA <100 ms

HSUPA 50 ms

Internet

Iu + core

RNC

Iub

Node B

AI

UE


HIGHER NETWORK EFFICIENCYHIGHER NETWORK EFFICIENCY

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Macro cell Small cell

WCDMA Release 99 dedicated channelHSDPA with round robin schedulerHSDPA with proportional fair schedulerHSDPA terminals with rx diversity and equalizer

kbps

Advanced mobilesgive substancial

gains

Advanced scheduling improves throughput


HSDPA Cell Throughput

CO-EXISTENCE OF REL’99 AND HSDPACO-EXISTENCE OF REL’99 AND HSDPA

• Carrier shared between HSDPA and R99

• Operator definable or dynamic resource sharing

between HSDPA and R99

f1f1

f1f1

f2f2 • Dedicated HSDPA carrier

• HSDPA UE directed to HSDPA carrier based on

3GPP Release or UE capability and QoS

request

= R5 HSDPA

= R99 DCH• Nokia HSDPA can be introduced to the network

with shared or with dedicated frequency

Flexibleintroduction


Common Channel Allocation in Nokia WSPCCommon Channel Allocation in Nokia WSPC

• WSPC handles common channels for 3 carriers and user data

according to baseband processing capacity tables

• Soft Handover overhead not included

Common chs

E.g. 48 AMR calls

Carrier 1Carrier 1Common channels

Carrier 1Carrier 1

Carrier 1Carrier 1

Traffic channels

1. WSPC 2. WSPC Nth WSPC

E.g. 64 AMR calls

E.g 64 AMRcalls

Common channel allocation & HSDPACommon channel allocation & HSDPA

• Single WSPC can handle common channels for 3 carriers and HSDPA

• HSDPA block is reserved by RRM

• Remaining capacity for traffic 16 CE (i.e. 16 AMR calls)


Common chs

capacity16 CE


Carrier 1Carrier 1

Carrier 1Carrier 1

Traffic channels

1. WSPC

HSDPA BLOCK (5codes)Reserved by RRM

(5 codes, 16QAM)


• WSPC can handle common channels for 3 carriers and user data

according to baseband processing capacity tables

• HSDPA block is able to handle up to 3 cells (time multiplexed)

and is allocated to 1WSPC card


Common chs

remainingcapacity 48 CE


Carrier 1Carrier 1

Carrier 1Carrier 1

….

Traffic channels

1. WSPC 2. WSPC Nth WSPC

remainingcapacity32 CE

capacity64 CE

HSDPA BLOCK(5codes)Reserved by RRM


Common chs

capacity48 CE


Carrier 1Carrier 1

Carrier 1Carrier 1

Traffic channels

1. WSPC

• WSPC can handle common channels for 3 carriers and user data according to

baseband processing capacity tables

• HSDPA block is reserved by RRM

– Dedicated HSDPA Block per cell or timemultiplexing


….

Nth WSPC

capacity64 CE

3. WSPC

capacity64 CE

2. WSPC

HSDPA BLOCK(10 codes)Reserved by RRM

(10 codes)

• WSPC handles common channels for 3 carriers and user data according to baseband

processing capacity tables

• HSDPA blocks are allocated to 3 WSPC cards, dedicated HSDPA block per cell


Common chs

remainingcapacity48CE

i.e. 48 AMR calls


Carrier 1Carrier 1

Carrier 1Carrier 1

Traffic channels

1. WSPC 2. WSPC

remaining capacity32 CE


3. WSPC

remaining capacity32 CE


4. WSPC

remainingcapacity32 CE


Nth WSPC

capacity64 CE

capacity64 CE

capacity64 CE



• WSPC handles common channels for 3 carriers and user data according to baseband

processing capacity tables

• HSDPA blocks are allocated to 3 WSPC cards, dedicated HSDPA block per cell


Common chs

remainingcapacity 48 CE


Carrier 1Carrier 1

Carrier 1Carrier 1

Traffic channels

1. WSPC 2. WSPC


3. WSPC


4. WSPC


Nth WSPC

capacity64 CE

capacity64 CE

capacity64 CE*10 codes

3G / HSDPA ROLLOUT3G / HSDPA ROLLOUT

� 3G Rollout

� Total of 1030 sites for Phase 1

� Completed sites = 998

� Priority on Metro Manila area and key provincial areas

� HSDPA Rollout

� Currently HSDPA activated sites = 110

� Priority on CBDs, Malls, Hotels and corporate accounts

� Unit Costs

� Node B = $30,000 (PHP 1.5M)

� RNC Upgrade = $200,000 (PHP 10M)

� HSDPA Upgrade = $7,000 (PHP 350K)

THANK

YOU!

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3G Overvew For