3d Printing(Final Ppt)

7/22/2019 3d Printing(Final Ppt)

1/22

Group Members

Abdul RafayHassaan Khan

Ammar Majid

Waqas Anjum


2/22

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is a process of

making a three-dimensional solid object of virtually any

shape from a digital model.

3D printing is achieved using an additive process, where

successive layers of material are laid down in different

shapes.

It is distinct from traditional machining which rely on

material removal.

The technology is used for

both prototyping and distributed manufacturing in jewelry,

footwear, industrial design, architecture, engineering and

construction (AEC).


3/22


4/22

Additive manufacturing takes virtual blueprints

from computer aided design (CAD)

or animation modeling software and "slices" them into

digital cross-sections for the machine to successively use

as a guideline for printing.

A standard data interface between CAD software and the

machines is the STL file format. An STL file approximates

the shape of a part or assembly using triangular facets.

PLY is a scanner generated input file format,

and VRML (or WRL) files are often used as input for 3D

printing technologies that are able to print in full color.


5/22

To perform a print

1. the machine reads the design from an .stl file and

2. lays down successive layers of liquid, powder, paper orsheet material to build the model from a series of cross

sections.


6/22

After each layer, the part is heated to a desired

temperature for a definite time.

The heating time obviously depends upon the nature of

material, geometry, finish et6c.

When heated the polymer layer fuses into the previous

layer making a whole solid shape.

Layers of different colors and materials are also used

when desired.

It is generally most time consuming process of the

process.


7/22

Printer resolution describes layer thickness and X-Y

resolution in dpi(dots per inch), or micrometers.

Typical layer thickness is around

100 micrometers (0.1 mm), although some machines

such as the Objet Connexseries and 3D

Systems' ProJetseries can print layers as thin as 16

micrometers

The particles (3D dots) are around 50 to 100 micrometers

(0.050.1 mm) in diameter.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dots_per_inchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dots_per_inch


8/22

Construction of a model with contemporary methods can

take anywhere from several hours to several days.

Depending upon the size and complexity.

Additive systems can typically reduce this time to a few

hours, although it varies widely depending on the type of

machine used and the size and number of models being

produced simultaneously.


9/22

Though the printer-produced resolution is sufficient for

many applications, printing a slightly over sized version of

the desired object in standard resolution.

Traditional machining processes are generally used to

finish.


10/22


11/22

Colors:

Different color material are also used where desired.

Different materials:

Printers also use different materials for the process.

Supports:

Some printers utilize supports for complex geometries.

Supports are generally removable or dissolvable.


12/22

A number of additive processes are now available. They differ

in the way layers are deposited to create parts and in the

materials that can be used.

Some methods melt or soften material to produce the layers,

e.g. selective laser sintering (SLS) and fused depositionmodeling (FDM), while others cure liquid materials using

different sophisticated technologies,

e.g. stereolithography (SLA).

With laminated object manufacturing (LOM), thin layers are cut

to shape and joined together (e.g. paper, polymer, metal).

The main considerations in choosing a machine are generally

speed, cost of the 3D printer, cost of the printed prototype, and

cost and choice of materials and color capabilities.


13/22

Type

Technologies

Materials

Extrusion Fused deposition modeling(FDM) Thermoplastics(e.g. PLA,ABS),HDPE, eutecticmetals, ediblematerials

Wire Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication(EBF) Almost any metal alloy

Granular

Direct metal laser sintering(DMLS) Almost any metal alloyElectron beam melting(EBM) Titanium alloysSelective heat sintering(SHS) Thermoplastic powderSelective laser sintering(SLS) Thermoplastics, metal

powders, ceramic powdersPowder bed and inkjet head 3d printing,Plaster-based 3D printing (PP) Plaster

Laminated Laminated object manufacturing(LOM) Paper, metal foil, plastic film

Light polymerised Stereolithography(SLA) photopolymerDigital Light Processing(DLP) Photopolymer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_deposition_modelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplasticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDPEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_beam_freeform_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alloyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_metal_laser_sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alloyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_beam_meltinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_alloyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selective_heat_sintering&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_laser_sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_bed_and_inkjet_head_3d_printinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminated_object_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_foilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereolithographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photopolymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Light_Processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Light_Processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photopolymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereolithographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_foilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminated_object_manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_bed_and_inkjet_head_3d_printinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_laser_sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selective_heat_sintering&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_alloyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_beam_meltinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alloyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_metal_laser_sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_alloyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_beam_freeform_fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutectichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDPEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoplasticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_deposition_modeling


14/22

Developed by S. Scott Crump in the late1980s,commercialized in 1990 by Stratasys.

Uses a plastic filament or metal wire that is wound on a coiland unreeled to supply material.

Extrusion nozzle heats to melt the material,can be moved in

horizontal and vertical directions by a numerically controlledmechanism

Stepper or servo motors are typically employed .

Various polymers are used, including acrylonitrile butadienestyrene (ABS), polycarbonate(PC), polylactic acid(PLA), high

density polyethylene(HDPE), PC/ABS,and polyphenylsulfone(PPSU). Polymer is in the form ofa filament; fabricated from virgin resins.

FDM has some restrictions on the shapes to be fabricated. Forexample, FDM usually cannot produce stalactite-likestructures, since they would be unsupported during the build.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarbonatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_density_polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_density_polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenylsulfonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenylsulfonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_density_polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_density_polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycarbonate


15/22

Selective fusing of materials in a granular bed.Fuses

parts of the layer, and moves the working area

downwards, is repeated several times.

Uses the un fused media to support overhangs and thin

walls in the part.

Uses laser to sinter the medium in solid.

Eg. selective laser sintering(SLS), with both metals and

polymers (e.g. PA, PA-GF, Rigid GF, PEEK, PS,Alumide,

Carbonmide, elastomers), and direct metal laser

sintering(DMLS).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_laser_sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alumide&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_metal_laser_sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_metal_laser_sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_metal_laser_sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_metal_laser_sinteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alumide&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_laser_sintering


16/22

Uses paper as a build material

During 1990s, companies could cut cross sections out of

special adhesive coated paper by a carbon dioxide laser,

and laminate them together.

In 2005 by Mcor tech: process used a Tungsten carbide

blade to cut the shape, and selective deposition of

adhesive and pressure to bond the prototype.


17/22

Was patented in 1987 by Chuck Hull.

Photopolymerization is primarily used in

stereolithography (STL) to produce a solid part from a

liquid.

In digital light processing(DLP), a vat of liquid polymer is

exposed to light from a DLP projector

under safelightconditions. The exposed liquid polymer

hardens.

The build plate then moves down and process isrepeated.

The remaining liquid is then removed leaving a solidified

part.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Hullhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_light_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safelighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safelighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_light_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Hull


18/22

RepRap: Which is capable of replicating itself by printing

many of its own (plastic) parts to create more machines.

The least expensive assembled machine available is the

Solidoodle 2, while the RepRapPro's Huxley DIY kit is

reputedly one of the more reliable of the lower-priced

machines


19/22

Rapid prototyping: Generally larger machines; uses proprietary

powdered metals, casting media (e.g. sand), plastics etc

Rapid manufacturing: Is a new method of manufacturing and many

of its processes remain unproven. 3D printing is now entering the

field of rapid manufacturing and was identified as a "next level"

technology by many experts in a 2009 report.

Mass production: Used to mass produce, print in colors,different

polymers, or make multiple prints simultaneously. This increases

their overall print speed with less capital cost since they share a

single controller.

Domestic and hobbyist uses: Has mainly captivated hobbyists and

enthusiasts and has not quite gained recognition for practical

household applications.


20/22

Shorten design cycles

Less waste

Cheaper running cost (high initial cost though)

Superior products on the market ahead of thecompetition

Hollow parts

Improve accuracy

Eliminate costly mistakes


21/22

Current 3D printing materials for investment casting tend

to yield sporadically rough surfaces.

Sometimes encourages informal design methods which

may cause more problems to fix.

It may not be suitable for large sized applications.

3-D printers are still expensive.


22/22

Documents

3d Printing(Final Ppt)