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3D Printing Based on Imaging Data: Medical ApplicationsMichael Twardowski
6 Nov 2013
Michael Twardowski
6 Nov 2013
3D Printing
Uses 3D CAD data to produce physical models
Also known as rapid prototyping, solid free form, computer automated or layered manufacturing
In medical use standard DICOM-based data from CAT and MRI scans is converted to Standard Triangular Language (STL) format.
Rapid Prototyping
Additive fabrication
Production time based on complexity
Types:Stereolithography (SLA)
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)
Inkjet Printing techniques
Two-Photon polymerization (2PP)
Typical Materials Used
Bio-ceramics – hydroxyapatite
Biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone
Metals like titanium
Medical Applications
Individual patient care:Tool to improve patient understanding
Facilitate diagnostic quality
Pre-surgical planningSimulate complex steps in advance
Can reduce operating time
Exceptional useful for planning maxillofacial surgeries
Radiotherapy planning
Medical Applications
Implant and tissue designingCustomized prostheses
Bone implants for patients outside of normal ranges
Could improve surgical outcomes by individual fittings
Repair of skull defects
Medical Applications
ResearchComplex morphologies may be better depicted on 3D solid models in hand rather than on 2D or 3D visualizations.
Medical Education and TrainingConventional training on cadavers
Possibility to simulate in vivo conditions and real tissues
Train to variations of physiology
Disadvantages
Commercially available implants are suitable for most patients
Models are often fragile
Limited by printer dimensions
Model detail depending on imaging slice thickness
iLab // Haiti
The Issue:Inefficient and corrupt import system greatly increases the price of many goods.
Importing umbilical cord clamps is to costly.
A solution:Using rapid prototyping to produce umbilical cord clamps.
Sterilize used clamps and recover plastic filament using a reclaiming system. (e.g. Filabot™ Reclaimer).
In the future:Develop ways to recycle other plastics into plastic filament to use in rapid prototyping.
References
http://www.ajronline.org/doi/full/10.2214/AJR.10.5681
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11548-010-0476-x
http://www.medgadget.com/2013/02/cornell-bioengineers-3d-print-living-replacement-ears.html
http://makezine.com/2013/10/18/3d-printing-umbilical-cord-clamps-in-haiti/
http://www.filabot.com/collections/filabot-core/products/filabot-reclaimer
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207384/