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D3 Analis Kesehatan

Mata Kuliah Sitohistoteknologi

Tahun ajaran 2015/2016

Connective

Tissue

Capaian Pembelajaran Khusus

Setelah mengikuti kuliah ini, mahasiswadiharapkan mampu :

• Memahami dan menjelaskan struktur, fungsidan tipe-tipe jaringan ikat (penghubung)

SUBJECTS

• Definition of the connective tissue

• Cell of connective tissue

• Fibers of connective tissue

• Ground substance of connective tissue

• Type of connective tissue

2. CONNECTIVE TISSUETissue maintain the form of organs throughout the body

Functions of connective tissues :1. Connect and bind to cells and tissues in organs.2. Support the diffusion of nutrients and waste products

to cells.

Figure 3.1: Difiores Atlas Of Histology

Connective tissue consists : Cells and

extracellular material called matrix

1.Cells:a. Fibroblasts

b. Adipocytes

c. Macrophages & the Mononuclear Phagocyte System

d. Mast Cells

e. Plasma Cells

f. Leukocytes

2. Extracellular material (matrix) :

a. Protein fibers (collagens, reticular and elastic fibers)

b. Ground substance (proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and multiadhesive glycoproteins)

Figure 3: Difiores Atlas Of Histology

Cells of connective tissueCell Type Major Product or Activity Function

Fibroblasts (fibrocytes) Synthesis of extracellular fibers and ground substance

Structural

Plasma cells Production of antibodies Imunological (defense)

Lymphocytes (several types) Production of various immune Imunological (defense)

Eosinophilic leukocytes Modulate allergic/vasoactivereactions and defenseagainst parasites

Imunological (defense)

Neutrophilic leukocytes Phagocytosis of bacteria Imunological (defense)

Macrophages Phagocytosis of ECM components and debris; antigen processing andpresentation to immune cells; secretion of growth factors, cytokines, and other agents

Imunological (defense)

Mast cells and basophilicleukocytes

The release of pharmacologically active molecules (eg, histamine)

Participation in allergic reactions

Adipocytes Storage of neutral fats Energy reserves

Extracellular material (matrix)a. Fibers

Formed by proteins of the collagen family.

Not elastic, very strong, and easy to tear when pulled to the length.

Tough, thick, fibrous proteins that do not branch.

1. Collagen fibers

Ability to form a variety of extracellular structures.

a. Protein Fibers1. Collagen Fibers

Fiber is found in tendons that serves to connect themuscles, bones and skin .

Most abundant fibers and are found in almost allconnective tissue of all organs (30%).

a. Protein Fibers1. Collagen Fibers

Catagories of colagen fibers :a. Type I collagen fibers. Found in the dermis of skin, tendons, ligaments, and bone.Very strong and offer great resistance to tensil stresses.

b. Type II collagen fibers. Present in hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage. The fibers provide resistance to pressure.

c. Type III collagen fibers. The thin, branching reticular fibers Form the delicate supporting meshwork in such organs as the lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.

d. Type IV collagen fibers.Present in the basal lamina of the basement membrane, to

which the basal regions of the cells attach.

a. Protein Fibers

2. Reticular Fibers Formed by proteins of

the collagen family.

• low elasticity, thinner than collagen fibers.

• Function is to connect the of connective tissue with other networks .

• Fiber is found in liver , spleen , and lymph nodes .

• Reticular fibers consist mainly of collagen type III.

a. Protein Fibers

3. Elastic Fibers

Elastic fibers are composed mainly of the protein elastin.Thinner than collagen fibers.Have highly elastic properties and a

high degree of flexibility . Elastic fibers found in blood vessels ,

ligaments , membranes and cartilage of the larynx .

Extracellular material (matrix)

b. Ground substance• Space between cells and fibers in connective tissue

• A lubricant and a barrier to the penetration of invaders

1. Proteoglycans

Composed of a core protein to which are covalently attached various numbers and combinations of the sulfated GAGs.

Function: As structural compoents of the ECM.Protein binding and storing the signal

coductor.

2. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) /mucopolysaccharides

Long polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units

Structure of glycosaminoglycans

GAGs are intensely hydrophilic.Polyanions, binding a great number of cations (usually sodium).The largest, almost unique, and most ubiquitous GAG is hyaluronic acid (HA or hyaluronan)

3. Multiadhesive glycoproteins

• The adhesive glycoproteins are very large molecules. • Branched oligosaccharide chains • Have important roles in the adhesion of cells to their substrate.

Have multiple binding sites for cell surface receptors (integrins) and for other matrix macromolecules.

Type of connective tissue

Connection Tissue Proper

Loose connective tissue (L) of a gland, dense ireguler (D)

L

D

dense regular connective tissue in a tendon

Embryonic Connective Tissue

Mucoid (or mucous) connective tissue

Spesialised Connective Tissue

Reticular Connective Tissue

D3 Analis Kesehatan

Mata Kuliah Sitohistoteknologi

Tahun ajaran 2015/2016

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