By By Dr. Oladokun Sulaiman Dr. Oladokun Sulaiman

OlanrewajuOlanrewaju

CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIESSOCIETIES

The term ‘Classification’ comes from the The term ‘Classification’ comes from the fact that we sort out ships categories fact that we sort out ships categories according to the level of confidence we according to the level of confidence we assign them, further to the results of assign them, further to the results of the assessment carried out thereon.the assessment carried out thereon.

The class is granted generally for a term The class is granted generally for a term of 5 years during which it’s validity is of 5 years during which it’s validity is subject to compulsory periodical subject to compulsory periodical surveyssurveys

What is CLASS ?What is CLASS ?

What is CLASS ?What is CLASS ? It defines technical and safety It defines technical and safety

standards of a ship, which standards of a ship, which reflects the risk of insuring a reflects the risk of insuring a shipship

Reason to CLASS a shipReason to CLASS a ship Determination of FitnessDetermination of Fitness Meet Requirement of jurisdictionsMeet Requirement of jurisdictions Possible lower insurance premiumsPossible lower insurance premiums Indicates due negligenceIndicates due negligence Indicates proper maintenance in Indicates proper maintenance in

performedperformed Assures that capital investment is Assures that capital investment is

protectedprotected Owner satisfactionOwner satisfaction

Classification of the Classification of the ship enables :-ship enables :-

The insurers to assess the premium relative to the The insurers to assess the premium relative to the ship (hull insurance) and that relative to the cargo ship (hull insurance) and that relative to the cargo (cargo insurance)(cargo insurance)

Hence, the owner to find an insurer who accepts to Hence, the owner to find an insurer who accepts to cover the risk incurred by the shipcover the risk incurred by the ship

Then, the owner to charter his shipThen, the owner to charter his ship The charterer to select advisedly the ship whom he The charterer to select advisedly the ship whom he

will entrust with his cargowill entrust with his cargo A future owner to assess the quality of the ship A future owner to assess the quality of the ship

prior to the purchaseprior to the purchase The flag authorities to trust the ship and, therefore, The flag authorities to trust the ship and, therefore,

to register her into their fleetto register her into their fleet

What is What is CLASSIFICATION CLASSIFICATION SOCIETYSOCIETY

A body that ensures that class of a A body that ensures that class of a ship, however, with increasing ship, however, with increasing demands from all quarters of the demands from all quarters of the industry and the continuous industry and the continuous development of ship technology, development of ship technology, the societies have changed in form the societies have changed in form as a consequences of accepting as a consequences of accepting the additional responsibilitiesthe additional responsibilities

Present Role of Present Role of Classification SocietiesClassification Societies

To assign a Class To assign a Class notationnotation

Maintenance of classMaintenance of class Relevant research Relevant research

workwork Statutory surveys Statutory surveys

(marine (marine administration)administration)

Charter surveysCharter surveys Profitability advice (to Profitability advice (to

owner)owner)

Development of Development of computer softwarecomputer software

Set up worldwide Set up worldwide networksnetworks

Carry out surveysCarry out surveys CertificationCertification Emergency Emergency

technical servicestechnical services

Classification Classification ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities

To ensure that merchant ships and To ensure that merchant ships and marine structure presented to it comply marine structure presented to it comply with rules that the society had with rules that the society had established for design, construction and established for design, construction and periodic surveyperiodic survey

Trough it classification survey Trough it classification survey procedure it is the intent of the society procedure it is the intent of the society to prevent vessel from falling into a to prevent vessel from falling into a substandard condition.substandard condition.

Major Classification Major Classification Societies in the worldSocieties in the world

Lloyd's Register (LR) (LR) American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)(ABS) Bureau Veritas (BV)(BV) Det Norske Veritas (DNV)(DNV) Registro Italiano Navale (RINA)(RINA) Class NK Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK)Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK) Germanischer Lloyd (GL)(GL) Russian Maritime Register of Shipping ( (RS)RS) China Classification Society (CCS)(CCS) Türk Loydu Turkish Register of ShippingTurkish Register of Shipping (TL) (TL) Indian Register of Shipping (IRS)Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) Polski Rejestr Statków (PRS)Polski Rejestr Statków (PRS) Korean Register of Shipping (KR)Korean Register of Shipping (KR) Hellenic Register of Shipping (HRS)Hellenic Register of Shipping (HRS)

                      

   

Surveys Areas for Surveys Areas for Container ShipsContainer Ships

LWL

Bow flare impact pressure

High stress at hatch corners in forward hold

Watertight bulkheads

Large distortion of hatch opening for hatch cover design

High stress at hatch corners forward of machinery room

Cross deck structure Hatch brackets

Connection of cross deck beam to longitudinal girder

Connection of cross deck beam to upper deck

Pillar bulkhead

Bottom slamming impact pressure

Transverse strength & fatigue of longitudinal frame

One year survey after One year survey after constructionconstruction

Deck features and Deck features and integrityintegrity

Overboard discharge Overboard discharge arrangementarrangement

Vent pipingVent piping Bilge level detection Bilge level detection

(UMS)(UMS) Anchoring / mooring Anchoring / mooring

equipmentequipment Water-tight doors and Water-tight doors and

bulkhead penetrationsbulkhead penetrations

Steering testSteering test Emergency escape Emergency escape

routesroutes Bilge pumping systemBilge pumping system General conditions – General conditions –

hull and machineryhull and machinery Satutory surveysSatutory surveys Surveys of continuous Surveys of continuous

survey itemssurvey items

Testing of tanks (FO, Testing of tanks (FO, LO, FW & DB tank)LO, FW & DB tank)- Pressure test- Pressure test- Internal condition- Internal condition- Stagger (tankers)- Stagger (tankers)- Transverse webs - Transverse webs (cargo tank)(cargo tank)

* Can be done in a float * Can be done in a float conditioncondition

Annual surveysAnnual surveys Statutory surveysStatutory surveys Continuous Continuous

surveyssurveys Hull gauging – Hull gauging –

where necessarywhere necessary

Ten years survey after Ten years survey after constructionconstruction