39459960 Refrigerated LNG Storage Tank

1. What is the Low temperature Tank?

1.CONTAINMENT TYPE PER BS 7777 Part 1 Section 3 - Definitions

Type of Tank Single Containment Double Containment Full Containment

Definitions Only the inner tank is required to meet the low temperature ductility requirements for storage of the product.

The carbon steel outer tank is primarily for the retention and protection of insulation and to constrain the vapor purge gas pressure, but is not designed to contain refrigerated liquid in the event of leakage from the inner tank.

Both the inner tank and outer tank are capable of independently containing LNG. To minimize the pool of escaping liquid, the PC outer wall is located at a distance not exceeding 6 meters from the carbon steel outer tank.

The inner tank contains the refrigerated liquid under normal operating conditions. The outer tank or wall is intended to contain the refrigerated liquid product leakage from the inner tank, but it is not intended to contain any vapor resulting from product leakage from the inner tank.

A double tank designed and constructed so that both the inner tank and outer tank are capable of independently containing refrigerated liquid stored. The outer tank or wall should be 1 meter to meters distant from the inner tank.

The inner tank contains the refrigerated liquid under normal operating conditions. The outer tank is intended to be capable both of containing LNG and controlled venting of the vapor resulting from product leakage after a credible event.

Refer to the Fig. shown in the next sheet.

1.CONTAINMENT TYPE PER BS 7777 Part 1 Section 3 - Definitions


In the Event of

Leakage from the Inner Tank

Normal Operating Condition

REFRIGERATED LIQUID

VAPOR

REFRIGERATED LIQUID

VAPOR

REFRIGERATED LIQUID

VAPOR VAPOR

BUND WALL

LEAKAGE

REFRIGERATED LIQUID

VAPOR VAPOR

LEAKAGE

REFRIGERATED LIQUID

VAPOR

LEAKAGE

REFRIGERATED LIQUID

VAPOR WEATHER COVER

1.PROGRESSION OF BUND WALL & CONTAINMENT TYPE

Single Containment - 3

BUND WALL


BUND WALL


BUND WALL

Providing the taller bund wall to reduce area required.

Providing the tallest

bund wall at closest

point to the tank.

Double Containment

RC WALL & EARTH

EMBANKMENT

WEATHER COVER

WEATHER COVER

PC WALL

METAL BUND WALL

(ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID)

WEATHER COVER

Full Containment

RC ROOF PC OUTER WALL

RC WALL & EARTH

EMBANKMENT

Providing the bund

wall integrated

with the tank

METAL OUTER TANK


1.EXAMPLES - SINGLE CONTAINMENT TANKS PER BS 7777

Application to

LNG Storage Not appropriate.

The BOG rate will be extremely high.

Appropriate. Appropriate.

See Fig.-1.1 & 1.2 for Typical Configuration of LNG Storage Tank.

Figure

: METALLIC PARTS

: THERMAL INSULATION

: CONCRETE

BUND WALL

ELEVATED SLAB FOUNDATION OR

RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER

BASE INSULATION

EXTERNAL INSULATION

EXTERNAL WEATHER BARRIER

ROOF

BUND WALL



INNER TANK

BASE INSULATION

LOOSE FILL INSULATION

OUTER TANK

BUND WALL



INNER TANK INNER TANK


SUSPENDED DECK w/INSULATION

BASE INSULATION

OUTER TANK

INNER TANK

1.EXAMPLES - DOUBLE CONTAINMENT TANKS PER BS 7777

Figure

Application to

LNG Storage Not appropriate.

The BOG rate will be extremely high.

Appropriate. Appropriate.

See Fig.-2.1 for Typical Configuration of LNG Storage Tank.

See Fig.-2.2 for Typical Configuration for LNG Storage Tank.

: METALLIC PARTS


: CONCRETE

BASE INSULATION

EXTERNAL INSULATION

EXTERNAL WEATHER BARRIER

ROOF


INNER TANK

WEATHER

COVER

METAL OUTER TANK SHELL



BASE INSULATION

OUTER TANK

INNER TANK


PC OUTER TANK WALL

WEATHER

COVER



BASE INSULATION

OUTER TANK

INNER TANK


RC OUTER TANK WALL WITH EARTH EMBANKMENT

WEATHER

COVER

1.EXAMPLES - FULL CONTAINMENT TANKS PER BS 7777

Figure

Application to

LNG Storage Appropriate. Appropriate. Appropriate.

See Fig.-3.1, 3.2 & 3.3 for Typical Configuration of LNG Storage Tank.


BASE INSULATION

INNER TANK



BASE INSULATION

INNER TANK


LOOSE FILL INSULATION OR EMPTY


BASE INSULATION

METAL OUTER TANK (ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID)

INNER TANK


INSULATION ON INSIDE OF OUTER TANK


PC OUTER WALL (ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID)

INSULATION ON INSIDE OF OUTER WALL


RC OUTER WALL w/EMBANKMENT


INSULATION ON INSIDE OF OUTER WALL

Instead of tｈｉｓ wall insulation, secondary

bottom and corner protection made of 9% Ni

steel are provided in the latest design.

: METALLIC PARTS


: CONCRETE

1.EXAMPLES - TYPE NOT DEFINED IN BS 7777

Application to LNG Storage

Appropriate. Appropriate. Appropriate.

Figure


SS MEMBRANE

ELEVATED OR RAFT FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER

PC WALL

INSULATION

BASE INSULATION


INSULATION ON INSIDE OF OUTER WALL (PUF)

See Fig.- 4.1 & 4.2 for Typical Configuration of LNG Storage Tank.

Note: The outer tank metal dome is not intended to to be capable of controlled venting of the vapor resulting from product leakage after a credible event.

METAL OR PC OUTER ROOF

INSULATION

FOUNDATION WITH BOTTOM HEATER

METAL DOME ROOF

INNER TANK


PC OUTER WALL (ABLE TO CONTAIN LIQUID)

DOME ROOF OR


SS MEMBRANE

PC WALL w/HEATING SYSTEM METAL ROOF

ABOVE GROUND

- MEMBRANE TANK

IN GROUND

- MEMBRANE TANK

PC OUTER WALL TANK

: METALLIC PARTS


: CONCRETE

1.FIG. OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE

INNER TANK

INNER TANK

Single Containment Double Containment Full Containment Others

Single Metal Tank

Double Metal Tank

Dome Roof Inner Tank

Double Metal Tank

w/Suspended Deck

Metal Outer Wall

PC Outer Wall

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Double Metal Tank

PC Outer Wall Tank

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Above Ground

- Membrane Tank

In Ground

- Membrane Tank

PC Outer wall Tank

in Japan


Single Containment

Double Metal Tank

w/Suspended Deck

Single Metal Tank

INNER TANK

Double Metal Tank


Double Containment Full Containment Others

Metal Outer Wall

PC Outer Wall

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Double Metal Tank

PC Outer Wall Tank

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Above Ground

- Membrane Tank

In Ground

- Membrane Tank

PC Outer wall Tank

in Japan

Single Containment

ESCAPE LADDER

RESILIENT BLANKET

RC SLAB FOUNDATION

9% Ni INNER TANK WALL

ANNULAR SPACE INSULATION

CS ROOF & STRUCTURE

SUSPENDED DECK

DECK INSULATION

ROOF WALKWAY

PRESSURE & VACUUM RELIEF VALVES

PERIFERAL ROOF WALKWAY

DECK VENT

BOTTOM HEATING SYSTEM 9% Ni INNER TANK BOTTOM

INNER LADDER

STAIRCASE

MAIN PLATFORM

CRANE / HOIST FOR IN TANK PUMP

PUMP COLUMN HEAD

PUMP COLUMN

IN TANK PUMP & FOOT VALVE

INNER TANK FOUNDATION RING

COOL DOWN PIPING

BOTTOM INSULATION

Fig. - 1 : SINGLE CONTAINMENT - DOUBLE METAL TANK - TYPICAL

DRYING & PURGING LINE

VENT FOR DOME SPACE

RISER PIPES & SUPPORTS

CS OUTER WALL

BUND WALL

CONCRETE SLAB FOUNDATION Fig. - 1.2 : SINGLE CONTAINMENT - DOUBLE METAL TANK - BOTTOM CORNER - TYPICAL


RESILIENT BLANKET

CS OUTER TANK WALL


CS OUTER TANK BOTTOM

BOTTOM HEATING SYSTEM

9% Ni INNER TANK BOTTOM

FIBERGLASS BLANKET

ANNULAR SPACE

INSULATION

(PERLITE)

RC SLAB FOUNDATION

SAND OR CONCRETE LEVELING LAYER CELLULAR GLASS

ANCHOR STRAP


Single Containment

Double Metal Tank

w/Suspended Deck

Single Metal Tank

INNER TANK

Double Metal Tank



Metal Outer Wall

PC Outer Wall

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Double Metal Tank

PC Outer Wall Tank

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Above Ground

- Membrane Tank

In Ground

- Membrane Tank

PC Outer wall Tank

in Japan

Double Containment

ESCAPE LADDER

RESILIENT BLANKET

RC SLAB FOUNDATION



CS ROOF & STRUCTURE

SUSPENDED DECK

DECK INSULATION

ROOF WALKWAY



DECK VENT


INNER LADDER

STAIRCASE

MAIN PLATFORM


PUMP COLUMN HEAD

PUMP COLUMN



COOL DOWN PIPING

BOTTOM INSULATION

Fig. - 2.1 : DOUBLE CONTAINMENT - PC OUTER WALL - TYPICAL


VENT FOR DOME SPACE


CS OUTER WALL

CS WEATHER COVER

PC OUTER WALL


Single Containment

Double Metal Tank

w/Suspended Deck

Single Metal Tank

INNER TANK

Double Metal Tank



Metal Outer Wall

PC Outer Wall

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Double Metal Tank

PC Outer Wall Tank

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Above Ground

- Membrane Tank

In Ground

- Membrane Tank

PC Outer wall Tank

in Japan

Double Containment

RESILIENT BLANKET

RC SLAB FOUNDATION



CS ROOF & STRUCTURE

SUSPENDED DECK

DECK INSULATION

ROOF WALKWAY



DECK VENT


INNER LADDER

MAIN PLATFORM


PUMP COLUMN HEAD

PUMP COLUMN



COOL DOWN PIPING

BOTTOM INSULATION

Fig. - 2.2 : DOUBLE CONTAINMENT - RC OUTER WALL + EARTH EMBANKMENT - TYPICAL


VENT FOR DOME SPACE

CS OUTER WALL

CS WEATHER COVER

RC WALL

EARTH EMBANKMENT

PIPE BRIDGE


Single Containment

Double Metal Tank

w/Suspended Deck

Single Metal Tank

INNER TANK

Double Metal Tank



Metal Outer Wall

PC Outer Wall

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Double Metal Tank

PC Outer Wall Tank

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Above Ground

- Membrane Tank

In Ground

- Membrane Tank

PC Outer wall Tank

in Japan

Full Containment

ESCAPE LADDER

RESILIENT BLANKET

RC SLAB FOUNDATION



RC ROOF

CS ROOF LINER & STRUCTURE

SUSPENDED DECK

DECK INSULATION

ROOF WALKWAY



DECK VENT


INNER LADDER

STAIRCASE

MAIN PLATFORM


PUMP COLUMN HEAD

PUMP COLUMN

IN TANK PUMP & FOOT VALVE 9% Ni SECONDARY BOTTOM

9% Ni CORNER PROTECTION

CS WALL VAPOR BARRIER


CS BOTTOM VAPOR BARRIER

COOL DOWN PIPING

BOTTOM INSULATION

Fig. - 3.1 : FULL CONTAINMENT - PC OUTER WALL TYPICAL


VENT FOR DOME SPACE


PC OUTER WALL

CELLULAR GLASS

CONCRETE SLAB FOUNDATION Fig. - 3.2 : FULL CONTAINMENT - PC OUTER WALL - BOTTOM CORNER - TYPICAL

PC OUTER WALL

9% Ni CORNER PROTECTION


RESILIENT BLANKET

ANNULAR SPACE

INSULATION

(PERLITE)


RC SLAB FOUNDATION


9% Ni SECONDARY BOTTOM


SAND OR CONCRETE LEVELING LAYER CELLULAR GLASS

9% Ni INNER TANK BOTTOM

FIBERGLASS BLANKET

FIBERGLASS BLANKET

PC DUCT & TENDON

HORIZONTAL

PC DUCT & TENDON

VERTICAL


CONCRETE SLAB FOUNDATION Fig. - 3.3 : FULL CONTAINMENT - PC OUTER WALL - ROOF CORNER - TYPICAL

RC DOME ROOF

CS ROOF LINER

GLASS CLOTH

PERLITE RETAINING WALL

SUSPENDED DECK

INSULATION

(PERLITE OR FIBERGLASS BLANKET)

ANNULAR SPACE

INSULATION

(PERLITE)

PC OUTER WALL

PERLITE FILL NOZZLE

SUSPENDED DECK

ANNULAR SPACE

INSULATION

(PERLITE)

RESILIENT BLANKET

9% NI INNER TANK WALL

CS ROOF STRUCTURE

FIBERGLASS BLANKET

PC DUCT & TENDON

VERTICAL

PC DUCT & TENDON

HORIZONTAL

1. FIG. OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE

Single Containment

Double Metal Tank

w/Suspended Deck

Single Metal Tank

INNER TANK

Double Metal Tank



Metal Outer Wall

PC Outer Wall

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Double Metal Tank

PC Outer Wall Tank

RC Outer Wall

+ Earth Embankment

Above Ground

- Membrane Tank

In Ground

- Membrane Tank

PC Outer wall Tank

in Japan

Others

ESCAPE LADDER

RC SLAB FOUNDATION

WALL INSULATION

RC ROOF

CS ROOF LINER & STRUCTURE

SUSPENDED DECK

DECK INSULATION

ROOF WALKWAY



DECK VENT


INNER LADDER

STAIRCASE

MAIN PLATFORM


PUMP COLUMN HEAD

PUMP COLUMN

IN TANK PUMP & FOOT VALVE STAINLESS BOTTOM MEMBRANE

WALL MOISTURE BARRIER

BOTTOM MOISTURE BARRIER

COOL DOWN PIPING

BOTTOM INSULATION

Fig. - 4.1 : MEMBRANE TANK : ABOVE GROUND - TYPICAL


VENT FOR DOME SPACE


PC OUTER WALL

STAINLESS WALL BEMBRANE

Fig. - 4.2 : MEMBRANE TANK - CONTAINMENT SYSTEM BOTTOM / WALL - TYPICAL

ANGLE PIECE (MEMBRANE)

CORNER PLATE (MEMBRANE)

WALL MEMBRANE

BOTTOM MEMBRANE

PLYWOOD

INSULATION PANEL

CONCRETE TANK WALL

MOISTURE BARRIER

BONDIND MASTIC

CONCRETE SLAB FOUNDATION

MEMBRANE ANCHOR

1.COMPARISON OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE (1/2) DEFINITION OF CONTAINMENT TYPE PER BS 7777


1. Cost (*1)

2. Erection Schedule(*1,*2)

3. Resistance Against Abnormal Condition

(1) Thermal Radiation of Fire

(2) Blast Wave

(3) Flying Projectiles

4. Site Area Required

5. Inner Tank Geo. Capacity Range (m3)

100% *3

100% (Min. 25 months)

Good

Limited

Limited

Large

8,000 ～ 170,000

Approx. 160 Tanks

Indonesia : 127,000m3 x 1 Tanks

Abu Dhabi : 150,000m3 x 2 Tanks

-

150%

125% (Approx. 32 months)

Excellent

Good : Wall

Roof : Limited

Good : Wall

Roof : Limited

Small

85,000

Appreox. 10 Tanks

-

-

180%

140% (Approx. 35 months)

Excellent

Excellent

Excellent

Small

55,000～176,000

Approx. 50 Tanks

Oman : 146,000m3 x 2 Tanks

Qatar : 94,000m3 x 4 Tanks

Qatar : 152,000m3 x 2 Tanks

Sakhalin : 120,000m3 x 2 Tanks

Note : *1 : International Contractor base and for the tank having geometric capacity 100,000m3 and over. *2 : Excluding connection of the pipe, purge and cooldown. *3 : Excluding cost of bund wall.

6. Number of Tanks Ever Built

in the World as of July 2003.

7. Tanks Ever Built by CHIYODA

as of July 2003.

8.Tanks Under Construction /

Engineering by CHIYODA

as of July 2003.

1. COMPARISON OF EACH CONTAINMENT TYPE (2/2) CONTAINMENT TYPE NOT DEFINED IN BS 7777

Type of Tank Membrane - Above & In-ground PC Outer Wall LNG Tank in Japan

1. Cost

2. Erection Schedule)

3. Resistance Against Abnormal Condition

(1) Thermal Radiation of Fire

(2) Blast Wave

(3) Flying Projectiles

4. Site Area Required

5. Inner Tank Geo. Capacity Range (m3)

-

Approx. 5 to 6 Years

Good

Good : Wall

Roof Limited

Good : Wall

Roof : Limited

Small

35,000 ～ 203,000

Approx. 70 Tanks

-

-

-

Approx. 4 Years

Excellent

Good : Wall

Roof : Limited

Good : Wall

Roof : Limited

Small

36,000 ~ 189,000

5 Tanks

-

1 Tank for MZL Project

6. Number of Tanks Ever Built

in the World as of July 2003.

7. Tanks Ever Built by CHIYODA

as of July 2003.

8.Tanks Under Construction /

Engineering by CHIYODA

as of July 2003.

5. MATERIAL SELECTION FOR THE LNG CONTAINER

The material for the LNG container for the large capacity of LNG storage is 9% Ni steel in consideration of the design of -161 ~ -168 oC of the design temperature of LNG as shown in the following sheet “TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR MATERIAL OF CRYOGENIC STORAGE TANKS”. In principle, stainless steel type 304 is used for the tank having small capacity and in case that the use of 9% Ni steel is not economical. The stainless steel type 304 is also used for the membrane of in-ground and above ground tank.

6. TANK SIZING (1/6)

4. TOP DEADWOOD

1. G

EO

ME

TR

IC C

AP

AC

ITY

2. N

ET

WO

RK

ING

CA

PA

CIT

Y

5. BOTTOM DEAD WOOD

3. S

TO

RA

GE

CA

PA

CIT

Y

DEFINITION OF CAPACITY OF CYLINDRICAL TANK DESIGNED AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE

1. GEOMETRIC CAPACITY :

(Inside Diameter)2 x π / 4 x Height

2. NET WORKING CAPACITY

“Geometric Capacity” - “Top Deadwood” - “Bottom Deadwood”

3. STORAGE CAPACITY

Total Volume of Liquid Stored

“Geometric Capacity” - “Top Deadwood”

4. TOP DEADWOOD

Top space for safety to avoid over-fill and spillage due to sloshing

wave by earthquake.

5. BOTTOM DEAD WOOD

Volume not possible to withdraw due to nozzle height, pump

NPSHR, etc


SPECIAL CONSIDERATION TO BE TAKEN FOR THE CAPACITY OF CYLINDRICAL TANK AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURE

The reducing of the tank size due to the contraction at design temperature as show in the following Fig.

shall be considered to maintain net working capacity required at design temperature.

At Ambient Temperature

Typical calculation for the net working capacity of LNG storage tank is shown in the following pages.

At Design Temperature


TYPICAL CALCULATION OF TANK CAPACITY OF LNG STORAGE TANK AT MINIMUM DESIGN TEMPERATURE

Basic Design Parameters

Item UNIT Value

Tank Material - 9% Ni Steel

Ambient Temperature [oC] 38 Maximum Design Temperature

Design Temperature [oC] -167 Minimum Design Temperature

Temp. Diff. [oC] 205

Thermal Expantion Coeff. [/oC] 9.4E-06 For 9% Ni Steel

Inner Tank Capacity Check

AT AMBIENT AT MINIMUM DESIGN

Item Unit TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE Remarks

(CONSTRUCTION PHASE) (UNDER OPERATION

Inside Diameter [m] 63.300 63.178

Height [m] 30.000 29.942

Height of Top Deadwood [m] 0.500 0.500 Height to be kept at Min. Design Temp.

Height of Bottom Dead Wood [m] 2.300 2.300 Height to be kept at Min. Design Temp.

Contraction at Minimum Design Temperature

Inside Diameter [mm] - -122.0

Height [mm] - -57.8

Capacity

Net Working Capacity Required [m3] 85,000 85,000

Geometric Capacity [m3] 94,410 93,865 See Note 1.

Net Working Capacity [m3] 85,599 85,088 See Note 2

Top Deadwood [m3] 1,574 1,567

Bottom Dead Wood [m3] 7,238 7,210

Note:

1. Normally the geometric capacity at ambient temp. is used to specify the geometric capacity of the tank.

2. The calculated net working capacity at minimum design temp. shall not be less than the net working capacity required.

The calculated net working shall include margin for the displacement of internal accessories.

Remarks


NPSHR (@Rated Capacity) of

Submerged Pumps

Margin

Pumpable Minimum LNG

Level at Minimum Flow Rate

Top of Inner Tank Shell at Minimum Design Temperature

Maximum Design LNG Level (HLL)

Minimum Design LNG Level (LLL)

Net Working Capacity

Top Deadwood:

1,000 mm or Sloshing Height + 1 ft Liquid Run-

up whichever Larger.

Top of Inner Tank Shell at Ambient Temperature (Construction Phase)

Bottom

Deadwood

Minimum 150 mm at operation position of

the foot valve.

Top of Inner Tank Bottom

Pump Well

Foot Valve

Submerged Pump

Inner Tank Inside Diameter at Design Temperature

Inner Tank Inside Diameter at Ambient Temperature (Construction Phase)

Inne

r T

ank

Hei

ght a

t Des

ign

Tem

pera

ture

Inne

r T

ank

Hei

ght a

t Am

bien

t Tem

pera

ture

(C

onst

ruct

ion

Pha

se)

TYPICAL CALCULATION OF TANK CAPACITY OF LNG STORAGE TANK AT MINIMUM DESIGN TEMPERATURE


OTHER RESTRICTIONS & LIMITATIONS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE INNER TANK SIZING (1/2)

1. Ratio of HLL/D (High Liquid Level / Tank Inside Diameter)

The ratio of HLL/D shall be thoroughly decided in consideration of stability of the inner tank at seismic

condition to determine the necessity of the anchorage on the inner tank that are preferably to be eliminated

to avoid penetrations into the tank foundation slab.

2. Limit of the Inner Tank Height

(1) Soil Conditions

Survey of the inner tank height limit due to soil conditions shall be thoroughly performed based on the

soil investigation report and preliminary tank foundation design including implementation of the soil

improvement and/or piling shall also be performed simultaneously.

(2) Insulation Material Strength

Limitation of the inner tank height due to the allowable strength of bottom insulation material including

safety factor and seismic load on the inner tank bottom. The inner tank height may be increased up

to 40 m in consideration of design safety factor and allowable compressive load for the insulation

material (cellular glass) and bottom pressure due to earthquake.


OTHER RESTRICTIONS & LIMITATIONS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE INNER TANK SIZING (2/2)

3. Limit of the 9% Ni. Steel Shell Thickness

The maximum inner tank sizes subject to the maximum shall plate thickness permitted are as follows:

BS 7777 : 40 mm (Type V improved 9% Ni steel)*

API 620 /ASTM A553 : 50.8 (2 in.) per ASTM A 553**

* : When material thickness are required in excess of the value,, additional requirements to maintain the

same level of safety are to be agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.

**: The maximum thickness of plates is limited only by the capacity of the material to meet the specified

mechanical property requirements; however, current mill practice normally limits this material to 2 in. max.

Rev.

LNG STORAGE TANK DATA SHEET

Owner : A COMPANY

Project Title : X PROJECT

Location : -

CHIYODA Job No. : XXXXXX

Consortium Doc. No. :

CHIYODA Doc. No. :

Abbreviation :

Tank No. : T-0001, & T-0002 TBD = To be determined/verified by Subcontractor

Service : LNG Required Nos. : 2 tanks

1. Design Code API STD 620 9TH ED ADDENDUM 3 , APPENDIX Q for Inner Tank Design

2. BS 7777 Part 3 as guidance for Outer Tank Design

3. Design Condition INNER TANK OUTER TANK

4. Type of Foundation --- Stone Column

5. Type of Roof Suspended Deck Dome

6. Type of Bottom Flat ---

7. Min. Working Capacity 140,000 m3 See Note 1. ---

8. Tank Diameter (I.D) 76,000 mm TBD 78,000 mm TBD

9. Tank Height 35,300 mm TBD 39,000 mm TBD

10. Design Pressure --- +290 mbarg / -5 mbarg

11. Max .Design Liquid Level 34,700 mm TBD ---

12. Hydrotest Water Level 21,000 mm TBD ---

13. Operating Pressure --- From +80 mbarg to +240 mbarg

14. Design Temperature -165 0C 38.5 0C

15. Operating Temperature (Later) 0C --- 0C

16. Design Amb. Temp.(Max./Min.) --- 38.5 0C / 6 0C

17. Design Spec. Gravity 483 kg/m3 ---

18. Corrosion Allowance 0 mm 0 mm

19. Filling Rate 11,500 m3/h ---

20. Emptying Rate 1,707 m3/h ---

21. Design Wind Velocity --- See sheet 2 of 4.

22. Snow Load None None

23. Seismic Load See sheet 2 of 4. See sheet 2 of 4.

24.

25. TANK MATERIAL

26. Wall 9 % Ni Steel Prestressed Concrete (PC)

27. Bottom 9 % Ni Steel Reinforced Concrete (RC)

28. Annular Bottom 9 % Ni Steel ---

29. Roof Plate/Structure --- C.S + Reinforced Concrete (RC)

30. Suspended Deck Aluminum Alloy or equivalent. ---

31. Wall Vapor Barrier --- C.S

32. Bottom Vapor Barrier --- C.S

33. Secondary Bottom --- 9 % Ni Steel

34. Corner Protection --- 9 % Ni Steel

35. Nozzle Neck/Internal Piping 304 SS See Note 2. CS

36. Nozzle Flange 304 SS CS

37. Flange/Bolting 304 SS CS

38. PAINTING

39. Temporary Rust Prevention Yes. See Specification.

40. Permanent

41. External See Specification.

42. Wall --- Bituminous coats See Note 5.

43. Roof --- ---

44. Underside of Bottom --- ---

45. Appurtenances --- Yes See Note 3 & 4.

46. Internal --- ---

47. Notes :

48. 1. At design temperature. See Appendix-3.

49. 2. Alternatively 9% Ni Steel for Pump Columns.

50. 3. Stainless steel bolt and nut such as type 304 and 316 except those of type 316L shall be coated.

51. 4. Including metallic surface for materials of stainless steel, carbon steel, galvanized steel except insulated surface.

52. 5. Side face of buried bottom slab only.

Sheet 1 of 4

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS DOCUMENT AND ANY DATA AND INFORMATION CONTAINED

THEREIN ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND THE PROPERTY OF CHIYODA CORPORATION (CHIYODA) AND

THE COPYRIGHT THEREIN IS VESTED IN CHIYODA. NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT, DATA, OR

INFORMATION SHALL BE DISCLOSED TO OTHERS OR REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER OR USED

FOR ANY PURPOSE WHATSOEVER, EXCEPT WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF CHIYODA.

7. DESIGN PARAMETERS & REQUIREMENTS (1/5)

Requirements Apply to the Inner Tank

Requirements Apply to the Outer Tank

Design Code Requirements

Basic Design Data

- Minimum Working

Capacity

- Tank Size

- Hydrotest Water Level

- Internal Pressure, etc.

Material Requirements

Painting & Coating

Requirements


Seismic Design Condition

Wind Velocity & Pressure

Design Against Flying Object

Design of Spill Protection

Design Against Heat Radiation

Design Against Blast Wave

OBE : Operating Basis Earthquake

SSE : Safety Shutdown Earthquake

See next sheet for detail per NFPA 59A.


OBE ( Operating Basis Earthquake ) and SSE (Safety Shutdown Earthquake) per NFPA 59A

OBE (Operating Basis Earthquake):

The LNG container shall be designed to remain operable during and after an OBE.

SSE (Safety Shutdown Earthquake):

Similarly, the design shall be such that during and after an SSE there shall be no loss of containment

capability, and it shall be possible to isolate and maintain the LNG container.

After the SSE event, the container shall be emptied and inspected prior to resumption of container-

filling operation


Pump Column Design Data

BOG Requirements

BOG Performance Test

Requirements

Rev.


Owner : A COMPANY


Location : -

CTCI Job No.



CHIYODA Doc. No. :

Abbreviation :



1. PUMP COLUMN DESIGN DATA (See Note 1.)

2. - Quantity Normal operation : 2 sets, Spare : 1 set for one tank

3. - Column Diameter 34"

4. - Design Flow Rate 569 m3/hr pump

5. - Design Pressure 15.0 barg

6. - Foot Valve Required (Supplied by Contractor)

7. - Filter Box Required.

8. - Weight of Pump 2,500 kg / one pump (maximum load to be lifted by hoist /crane)

9. - Weight of Foot Valve 1,300 kg / one foot valve

10. BOG RATE

11. - Maximum BOG Rate 0.075 vol.% per day

12. - Design Condition LNG latent heat of : 122 kcal/kg

13. pure methane

14. Normal Internal pressure : 240 mbarg

15. LNG temperature : -165 ℃

16. Ambient temperature : 38.5 ℃

17. Solar radiation : Roof : 48 ℃ / Shell : 43 ℃

18. equilibrium temperature (Minimum)

19. Liquid density of : 423 kg/m3

20. pure methane

21. Liquid level : Maximum allowable liquid level (See Appendix-3.)

22. Wind speed : None

23. Relative Humidity : 93% average

24. Tank Condition : Stable

25.

26. BOG PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE TEST

27. - Test Required for each tank.

28. - Guarantee BOG Rate BOG rate (0.075 vol.% per day) shall be guaranteed under the following conditions:

29. - An ambient temperature of 30.0 ℃

30. - High liquid level

31. - Stable condition

32. - LNG tank normal operating pressure

33. - Constant barometric pressure

34. - No ship loading

35. - No cold circulation

36. - No gas send-out

37. - Test Method BOG rate guarantee test shall be done after heat stable condition is attained

38. under the constant pressure with no unloading, no cold circulation, and no

39. LNG send-out conditions. After confirmation of the tank conditions mentioned

40. in the "Guarantee BOG Rate", BOG rate measurement shall be carried out.

41. BOG rate shall be measured by the flow instrument with temperature and pressure

42. compensation which will be installed on BOG line from LNG tank.

44. The flow instrument will be provided by Contractor.

45. Storage tank concrete surface temperatures and bottom temperatures shall be measured

46. during the performance test.

47. The test result shall be corrected in consideration of the following factors:

48. - Barometric pressure change

49. - The difference between estimated heat ingress, which will be derived from

50. the tank surface temperatures, bottom temperatures and other measured

51. values during performance test and design heat ingress at the guarantee

52. conditions specified above.

53.

Sheet 3 of 4







Tank Appurtenances

Rev.


ACCESSORY LIST OF REFRIGERATED STORAGE TANK Owner : A COMPANY


Location : -

CTCI Job No.



CHIYODA Doc. No. :

Abbreviation :



1.

2. Item Q'ty-Size Remarks Item Q'ty-Size Remarks

3. Skin Temp Detector per P&ID For shell plate Roof Circumferential All around

4. for cooldown per P&ID For bottom plate Walkway

5. Stairway

6. Inner Ladder along pump 1 Top Platform

7. column with cage & PSV Platform

8. intermediate landings VRV Platform

9. Platform/ladder below roof 2 Emergency ladder w/cage Opposite side of

10. manway & platform stairway

11. Deck Walkway 1 Lift

12. Annular Space Monorail (TBD) External Monorail for

13. Wall Maintenance

14. Deck Manhole 2

15. Deck Vent Yes (TBD) PRV

16. VRV

17. Deck Support Yes (TBD) Nozzle and Manholes Per Appendix-2.

18. Monorail/Hoist or Crane For intank pump.

19. Pipe Supports Yes Pipe Support

20. Internal Piping Yes

21. Pressure Gage

22. Anchor Strap (TBD) Pressure Transmitter

23. Earth lugs Yes Tank Gage with Transmitter Capacitance type

24. Grounding Yes To be connected to Tank Gage with Transmitter Radar type

25. the outer tank Temperature Element Multi element

26. Instruments for Piping

27. Leak Detection System

28. Annular Space Horizontal 32 Incl. 16 spares Lighting

29. Annular Space Vertical 2 Lightning Protection

30. Grounding

31. Junction Box Including

32. Support & Foundation

33. Cable Tray/Support

34. Settlement Measur't System

35. Bottom Heating System Yes See Data Sheet. Process Piping

36. and Temperature Sensor Utility piping

37. Valves for Piping

38. Settlement Measurem't Clip 12 Periphery Pressure Relief Valve

39. Settlement Measurem't Yes Inclinometer for for Piping

40. System for Found'n Slab construction use only Spectacle Blinds

41. for Piping

42. Fire Protection System See Note 1.

43. Spill Protection

44. Cathodic Protection

45. Pump Column Head See Note 4.

46. Plate Stand

47. Temporary Pot for Intank See Note 4.

48. Pump

49. Note :

50. 1. The following fire protection shall be provided per Appendix-8.

51. -1. Water spray system

52. -2. Fire extinguishing system for PRV tail pipe.

53. -3. Gas detectors for flange connections of LNG lines larger than 2" on roof main platform

54. -4. To be located on the top platform.

55.

Yes

Yes

1

1

1

Yes (TBD)

Yes

Yes

No

2

1

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

TANK FOUNDATION

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

INNER TANK OUTER TANK

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

1

1

1

Sheet 4 of 4






8. FILING AND WITHDRAWAL OF LNG (1/2)

Recently in-tank (submerged) pumps and pump columns are provided with not only full containment tanks but also single containment tanks instead of wall and bottom connections and penetrations as shown below, since the leakage of LNG to the atmosphere can be minimized by avoiding all connections and penetrations on the tank below the maximum LNG level

Conventional Design with Penetrations below the LNG Level

Since all stored LNG above the wall penetration will be flown out to the atmosphere when the leakage of LNG occurs from the

potential leak sources shown in the above, BS 7777 requires to provide emergency remote control and/or automatic fail safe

shut-off valves as shown in the above.

Emergency remote control

and/or automatic fail safe

shut off valve

LNG

Relatively vulnerable points (Potential leak source).

LNG


Emergency remote control

and/or automatic fail safe

shut off valve

LNG


8. FILLING & WITHDRAWAL OF LNG (2/2) USING OF SUBMERGED PUMPS & PUMP WELL (OVER-THE -TOP FILLING & WITHDRAWAL)

FROM

LIQUEFICATION

PLANT AND/OR

LOADING FACILITIES

FILLING LINE WITH INTERNAL

PIPING DOWN TO BOTTOM

FILLING LINE WITH

BAFFLE PLATE

POWER SUPPLY TO SUBMERGED PUMP

PUMP COLUMN

SUBMERGED PUMP & FOOT VALVE

TO VAPORIZATION,

SEND-OUT PLANT

AND/OR

LOADING FACILITIES

9. MAJOR SAFETY DEVICES FOR LNG TANK

Rollover Protection

Overfill Protection

VACUUM RELIEF VALVE (VRV)

Protection against excessive vacuum

Protection against excessive pressure

Tail pipe fire protection

(Dry Chemical CO2, N2 Injection, etc.)

SPILL PROTECTION

TANK GAUGE SYSTEM

WITH DENSITY MEASUREMENT

LNG spill correction & protection of roof

SLAB HEATING SYSTEM

GAS DETECTOR

FIRE DETECTOR

HIGH LIQUID LEVEL ALARM

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE (PRV)

FIRE EXTINGUISHER FOR PRV

TAIL PIPE

WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

Protection against the frost of soil

Protection against adjacent fire

LNG leak & fire detection

LNG leak detection

10. DESIGN OF DOUBLE METAL TANK

The typical basic concepts for design of double metal refrigerated tank is shown in the following pages.

(1) Double Metal Wall Tank Design - Suspended Deck - Typical

(2) Double Metal Wall Tank Design - Double Dome Roof - Typical

(1) DOUBLE METAL WALL TANK DESIGN - SUSUPENDED DECK - TYPICAL

Earthquake

Wind

Blast Wave

Heat Radiation from

Adjacent Fire

Heat Radiation from PRV

Tail Pipe Fire

Outer Tank Roof, Live

Load, Roof Accessories

& Suspended

Deck/Insulation

Insulation & Live Load

Pressure due to Earthquake

Product

Load exerted by Perlite


Product*

Internal Pressure

Internal Vacuum

Internal Vacuum

Inner Tank Shell, Insulation (Resilient Blanket) and Accessories. Load due to moment caused by Earthquake.

Flying Object

Outer Tank Roof, Suspended Deck, Shell, Insulation (PUF) and Accessories. Load due to moment caused by Wind or Earthquake.

Hydrotest Water

Inner Tank Anchor

Outer Tank Anchor

Base Share Due to Earthquake

Overturning Moment Due to

Earthquake or Wind

Hydrotest Water*

Internal Pressure

Hydrotest Water*

Product* & Annular Space

Insulation

*: If outer tank to be designed to store product and to be hydrostatic tested.

Up Lift due to Earthquake

Overturning Moment.

Up Lift due to Internal

Pressure, Wind/Earthquake

Overturning Moment.

Factor such as solar radiation, ambient

temp. and subsoil temp. etc. for BOG &

insulation design are not shown.

(2) DOUBLE METAL WALL TANK DESIGN - DOUBLE DOME ROOF - TYPICAL

Earthquake

Wind

Blast Wave

Heat Radiation from

Adjacent Fire

Heat Radiation from PRV

Tail Pipe Fire

Outer Tank Roof,

Live Load, Roof

Accessories

Pressure due to Earthquake

Product



Product*

Internal Pressure

Internal Vacuum

Internal Vacuum

Inner Tank Shell, Insulation (Resilient Blanket) and Accessories. Load due to moment caused by Earthquake.

Flying Object

Outer Tank Roof, Suspended Deck, Shell, Insulation (PUF) and Accessories. Load due to moment caused by Wind or Earthquake.

Hydrotest Water

Inner Tank Anchor

Outer Tank Anchor

Base Share Due to Earthquake

Overturning Moment Due to

Earthquake or Wind

Hydrotest Water*

Internal Pressure

Hydrotest Water*

Product* & Annular Space

Insulation


Pressure, Earthquake

Overturning Moment.


Pressure, Wind/Earthquake

Overturning Moment.

Internal Pressure

Factor such as solar radiation, ambient

temp. and subsoil temp. etc. for BOG &

insulation design are not shown.

Internal Vacuum,

Insulation, Live

Load

*: If outer tank to be designed to store product and to be hydrostatic tested.

11. ROLLOVER PROTECTION (1/4)

1. What is Rollover?

Since the LNG stored in the refrigerated tank is naturally mixed by the convection at top surface due to the boiling off

of LNG as shown in the following fig., the rollover will not occur unless receiving LNG having different density into

same tank especially receiving heavier density of LNG into bottom level of the tank or leaving the stored LNG long time.

LNG

LNG VAPOR VAPORIZING LIGHT PARTS

OF LNG

NORMAL CONDITION IN THE LNG OF EVEN DENSITY

HEAVIER LNG WILL GO DOWN

TO THE BOTTOM (CONVECTION)

LNG VAPOR

NATURAL MIXING

BY CONVECTION


In consequence of the operation that receiving different density LNG into same tank especially receiving heavier

density of LNG into bottom level of the tank or leaving stored LNG long time without mixing and/or circulation;

(1) Light parts of LNG at upper layer will boil off due to heat transfer from the lower layer to upper layer of LNG

(2) Density of upper layer will be heavier gradually due to the vaporization of light parts of LNG

(1) (2)

LNG VAPOR

HEAT TRANSFER

BOILING OFF OF LNG

LNG VAPOR

HEAT TRANSFER

BOILING OFF OF LNG


(3) In case that the density of upper LNG layer become equal to or more that that of lower layer, the boiling off

of LNG stored at lower layer will occur due to the rollover suddenly

(4) The excessive boil-off gas caused by the rollover energy will be danger of damage the storage tank

LNG VAPOR

(3) (4)

EXCESSIVE LNG VAPOR

ROLL OVER OF LNG BOILING OFF OF LNG


2. How to Protect Rollover

(1) Measurement of Density of LNG Stored at Every Level

To detect the phenomena of stratiform of LNG having different density, the LNG tank shall be equipped with the level

gauging systems that are able to measure the density of LNG stored at any level of LNG.

(2) To avoid the stratiform of LNG, the following counter measure(operation) shall be taken.

- Restriction of the receiving of LNG having different density into same tank

- *Mixing of LNG stored using of jet nozzle

- *Receiving of heavier LNG from top part of the tank and lighter LNG from bottom part of the tank

- *Circulation of LNG stored to mix lower layer and top layer

*: See Fig. below.

FROM

LIQUEFACTION

PLANT AND/OR

LOADING FACILITIES

Receiving of heavier LNG from

top part of the tank

PUMP COLUMN

SUBMERGED PUMP

TO VAPORIZATION,

SEND-OUT PLANT

AND/OR

LOADING FACILITIES

Mixing of LNG stored using jet nozzle

Receiving of lighter LNG from

bottom part of the tank

Circulation of LNG stored to mix

lower layer and top layer

12. BASIC DESIGN CONCEPT OF PC (PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE) (1/2)

1. General

The concept of LNG storage tank for Full Containment Type is that the outer tank is intended to be capable both of

containing LNG and controlled venting of the vapor resulting from product leakage after a credible event. The pre-stressed

concrete outer tank wall instead of the RC (Reinforced Concrete) outer tank wall with the earth embankment is introduced

in 1990th to minimize tank area and construction cost.

The Pre-Stressing Concrete is common design technology and generally used for construction of superstructures such as

bridges, etc.

2. Concept of Pre-stressing

The outer tank wall (reinforced concrete) is reinforced by by the Pre-stress Tendon against internal pressure as shown

in the following model.

DUCT

ANCHOR

PRE-STRESSING

TENDON

PRE-STRESSING ON

TENDON REINFORCED

CONCRETE OUTER

WALL

BUTTRESS

HORIZONTAL

PRE-STRESSING

ON OUTER WALL

VERTICAL

PRE-STRESSING ON

TENDON

DUCT

PRE-STRESSING

ON OUTER WALL

PRE-STRESSING

ON OUTER WALL

TOP OF

PC WALL

PRE-STRESSING

TENDON

12. BASIC DESIGN CONCEPT OF PC (PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE) (2/2)

3. Design Concept of Pre-stressed Concrete Outer Tank Wall

(1) Permeation of LNG Vapor

For the above corner protection, the carbon steel liner is used to provide and impervious barrier against permeation by

LNG vapor at the normal operation condition. Since the carbon steel liner is not intended to contain LNG leakage from

the inner tank, in principle, the PC outer wall shall be designed considering that the width of a crack on PC wall shall

not be more than 0.2 mm in case of LNG leakage.

Because of ice formation in pores the permeability is reduced at minimum design temperature of LNG as compared

to normal temperature and it is planned to utilize this self-blocking effect.

(2) Residual Compressive Stress

In addition to the aforesaid allowable crack width on the PC outer wall, the residual compressive stress zone shall be

15% of wall thickness, but not less than 80mm in case of LNG leakage as shown in the following fig.

The value of the minimum residual compression stress to be with discussed and agreed by the client for the project.

OU

TS

IDE

LNG LEAK LEVEL

“T”: THICKNESS OF PC OUTER WALL

RESIDUAL COMPRESSION STRESS ZONE

“T” X 0.15 OR 80 mm WHICHEVER LARGER

PC OUTER WALL

INS

IDE

2.Basic Design Data of Low Temperature

3.1 Applicable Code

3.1. APPLICABLE DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS (1/9)

DOMESTIC (IN JAPAN)

高圧ガス保安法 (High Press. Gas Control Low)

LNG 地上式貯槽指針

高圧ガス保安法(High Press. Gas Control Low)

LNG 地下式貯槽指針

消防法プラント

安全規準

その他関連

法規・規準

BS 7777

OVERSEAS

EEMUA 147

EN 1473

API Std 620

Europe USA

NFPA 59A NFPA 15


BS 7777

OVERSEAS

EEMUA 147

EN 1473

API Std 620

Europe USA

NFPA 59A NFPA 15

BS 7777


Design Codes &

Standards Description Notes

BS 7777

British Standard 7777

Flat-bottomed, vertical, cylindrical storage tanks for low temperature

service

Consists of:

Part -1:

Guide to the general provisions applying for design, construction,

installation and operation

Part-2:

Specification for the design and construction of single, double and full

containment metal tanks for storage of liquefied gas at temperature

down to -165 oC

Part 3:

Recommendations for the design and construction of prestressed

and reinforced concrete tanks and tank foundations, and the design

andb installation of tank insulation, tank liners and tank coatings

Part-4:

Specification for the design and construction of single containment

tanks for the storage of liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen or liquid argon

Including definition of single, double and full containment & prestressed outer tank design requirements in part 3.


BS 7777

OVERSEAS

EEMUA 147

EN 1473

API Std 620

Europe USA

NFPA 59A NFPA 15

EEMUA 147

EN 1473

API Std 620


Design Codes &


EEMUA 147 The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association

Publication No. 147

Recommendations for the Design and Construction of Refrigerated

Liquefied Gas Storage Tanks

Including definition of single, double and full containment that are same as defined in BS 7777.

EN 1473 Including definition of single, double and full containment that are same as defined in BS 7777.

Adopted European Standard

Installation and Equipment for Liquefied Natural Gas - design od

Onshore Installation

API Std 620

American Petroleum Institute

API Standard 620

Design and Construction of large, Welded, Low - Pressure Storage

Tanks

Definitions of single, double and full containment that are not included.

Applicable to the cylindrical inner tank of each containment type defined in BS 7777, and double metal single and full containment tank.


BS 7777

OVERSEAS

EEMUA 147

EN 1473

API Std 620

Europe USA

NFPA 59A NFPA 15

NFPA 59A NFPA 15


Design Codes &


NFPA 59A

NFPA 15

National Fire Protection Association

NFPA 59 A

Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied natural Gas (LNG)

Applicable to the spacing, bund wall design, fire protection, safety and security.

National Fire Protection Association

NFPA 15

Standard for Water Spray Fixed System for Fire Protection

Applicable to the water spray system.


DOMESTIC (IN JAPAN)

高圧ガス保安法

LNG 地上式貯槽指針

高圧ガス保安法

LNG 地下式貯槽指針

消防法プラント

安全規準

その他関連

法規・規準

高圧ガス保安法 High Press. Gas Control Low LNG 地上式貯槽指針 LNG Aboveground Tank

高圧ガス保安法 High Press. Gas Control Low LNG 地下式貯槽指針 LNG Underground Tank


Design Codes &


高圧ガス保安法 LNG 地上式貯槽指針

経済産業省

社団法人日本ガス協会

Applicable to the above ground LNG storage tank in Japan

高圧ガス保安法 LNG 地下式貯槽指針

Applicable to the under ground and/or in-ground LNG storage tank in Japan

経済産業省

社団法人日本ガス協会

3.2 Seismic Load

3.2 Seismic Load

①OBE : 10% probability of exceedance within a 50-year period(=500years)

LNG Tanks shall be designed for two levels of seismic ground motion

②SSE : 1% probability of exceedance within a 50-year period(=500years)

OBE

SSE

Operating basis earthquake

Safe shutdown earthquake

( NFPA 59A, Para.4.1.3.2)

3.3 Liquid Temperature

3.3. TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR MATERIAL OF CRYOGENIC STORAGE TANKS

- 200

- 190

- 180

- 170

- 160

- 150

- 140

- 130

- 120

- 110

- 100

- 90

- 80

- 70

- 60

- 50

- 40

- 30

- 20

- 10

0

10

20

30

oＦ oC

30

- 330

40 50 60 70 80

20 10

0 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 70 - 80 - 90

- 110 - 120 - 130 - 140 - 150 - 160 - 170 - 180 - 190

- 210 - 220 - 230 - 240 - 250 - 260 - 270 - 280 - 290

- 320 - 310

- 100

- 200

- 300

Boiling Temperature of Liquefied Gases

Classification of

Low temperature Service Steel

Ammonia : - 33.4oC ( - 28.1oF)

Propane : - 42.1oC ( - 43.8oF) Propylene : - 47.7oC ( - 53.9oF)

Hydrogen Sulfide : - 61.0oC ( - 77.8oF)

Radon : - 65.0oC ( - 85.0oF)

Carbon Dioxide : - 78.5oC ( -109.3oF) Acetylene : - 84.0oC ( -119.2oF)

- 46.0oC ( - 50.8oF)

Ethylene : -103.5oC ( -154.3oF)

Xenon : -108.0oC ( -162.4oF)

Krypton : -151.7oC ( -241.1oF)

Oxygen : -183.0oC ( -297.4oF)

Argon : -185.5oC ( -301.9oF)

Nitrogen : -195.8oC ( -320.4oF)

Low-Carbon Steel

0.20～0.35% C

0.15～0.30% Si

<0.90% Mn

Low-Alloy Steel (2.5% Ni Steel)

2.20～2.60% Ni

Low-Alloy Steel (3.5% Ni Steel or

Cr-Ni-Cu-Al Steel)

3.25～3.70% Ni or

0.75% Cr, 0.75% Ni

0.55% Cu, 0.15% Al

- 60.0oC ( - 76.0oF)

-101.0oC ( -149.8oF)

-196.0oC ( -320.8oF)

9% Ni Steel

8.50～9.50% Ni

Ethane : - 88.6oC ( -127.5oF)

Neon : -246.0oC ( -410.8oF), Hydrogen : -252.8oC ( -423.0oF), Helium : -269.0oC ( -452.2oF) Stainless Steel Type 304 or 304L

Methane : -161.5oC ( -258.7oF)

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

Documents

39459960 Refrigerated LNG Storage Tank