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Workshop #5 - Water Quality
I. Introduction
II. Pre-project Susitna River Water Quality
A. D~ainage Basin Morphology
B. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Susitna
C. Inorganic Entities
D. Organic Entities
E. Metals, Pesticides
F. Miscellaneous
G. Gas Supersaturation
DISCUSSION
III. Dam Designs and Operations
A. Watana Dam
1 . Basic Design
a. Hydraulic Features b. Hydraulic Operations
2 . Mid-level Outlet Works
a. Detailed Design b. Detailed Operation
B. Devil Canyon Dam
1 . Basic Design
a. Hydraulic Features b. Hydraulic Operations
2. Mid-level Outlet Works
a. Detailed Design b . Detailed Operations
C. Avoidance of Gas Supersaturation by Mechanical Designs and Discharge Operations
1. Annual Hydrographs
2. Spilling Di scharges
C (continued)
3. Floods - Handled Without Spillways for up to 1 in 50 year flood event
DISCUSSION
IV. Limnological Characteristics of Reservoir
A. Morphological and Hydrological Features of Reservoirs
1. Watana
2. Devil Canyon
B. Reservoir Valley
C. Riverine Inflow
1 . Overflow,Underflows and Interflows
2. Photographic Examples
D. Key Limnological Factors Contributing to Reservoir Water Quality
E. Some Estimated Limnological Characteristics and Trophic Status of reservoirs
F . Comparison to Other Glacial Lakes of South Central Alaska
G. Brief Discussion of Potential for Reservoir Fishery
DISCUSSION
Lunch Break - 1 hr. 15 min.
1:30 P. M.
V. Estimated Trends in Downstream Water Quality With-project vs . Pre-project.
A. Estimated Changes in Downstream Nutrients and Primary Productivity
1. Factors Affecting Primary Productivity
2. Summary of Expectations
DISCUSSION
B. Estimated Changes in Total Suspended Sediments and Turbidity
1. Pre - project TSS and Turbidity in Susitna River
2. Eklutna Lake Stud ies
3. Current Estimates for With - project TSS
4. Future Study Efforts Planned to Refine Estimates of TSS and Turbidity
5. Mineralogy of TSS in Glacial Lakes
6. Preliminary Estimates of Turbidity vs. TSS Relationships
7. Preliminary Estimates of Turbidity vs. Euphotic Zone Depth
8. P=eliminary Estimates of Fisheries vs. Chronic Exposure to Glacial Flour
DISCUSSION
C. Estimated Potential for Project-induced Mercury Bioaccumulation
1. Chemistry
2. Bioaccumulation Mechanism
3. Summary of Expectations for Susitna
4. Future Plans for Study
DISCUSSION
VI. Brief Discussion of Coordination with State and Federal Agencies
1. Permits Required
2. Best Practices Management Manuals
DISCUSSION
VII. "Open Forum": Question and Answer Session on Water Quality Topics
TABLE E,2,2: P£RIOOS Of REC(R) F<Jt GMING STATIONS
U5GS liege susltne Dt"elnege Periods of Record
River Mile 2 str .. flow CCont I nuous)
1 Weter 0ua II tv z Stetlon ..._ Nu.ber ArM C•l ) Aaencv
Susltne River nr, Denell 15291000 290,8 950 5151-9/66, 11/68-Pr .. ent 1957-66, 1968-69, (6/30/82)
1974-Pr .. ent USGS
Susltne River nr, Centwell (VM Cenyon) 15291500 221,1 4,140 5/61-9172, 5/80-Pr .. ent 1962-72, 1980-Pr .. ent(7/27/82) USGS
Susltne River nr, Centwell - 221,1 4,140 - 198o-81 RIM CVN Cenyon) Consult,
jSusltne River nr, Metene O...lte - 182,21
5,180 6/80-Pr .. ent 10!8o-12!81 RIM Consult,
' )s usltne River et Gold CrNk 15292o0o 136,6 6,160 8/49-Pr .. ent 1949-58, 1962, 1967-68, 1974-Pr .. ent USGS
Susltne River et ~ld CrNk
S~osl tne R I ver et SunshIne
)S
)
)c
)
)
)
usltne River et Susltna Stetlon
Mecleren River nr, Pew son
hulltne Rl ver nr, TelkMtne
TelkMtne River nr, Telkeetne
Skwentne River nr, Skwentne
Yentne River nr, Susttne Stetlon
Not .. :
- 136,6
15292780 81,9
1529050 25,8
15291200 259,84
15292400 98,0 4
15291500 ~7.04
1529000 28,o5
1529045 4
28,0
(9/16/82)
6,160 - 1980-Pr .. entCI0/14/82)
11,100 5/8 I ..Present 1971, 1975, 1977, 1981-Present (10/11/82)
19,400 10/74-Present 19'~• 1970, 1975-Pr .. entC10/5/82)
280 6158-Present 1958-61, 1967-68, 1975
2,570 2/58-9172, 5/80-Present 1958-59, 1967-72, 1980-Present (6/3/82)
2,006 6/64-Present 1954, 1966-Pr .. entCI0/14/82)
2,250 10/59-Present 1959, 1961, 1967-68, 1974-75, 198o-81
6,180 1 0!80-Present 1981-Present (8/ll/82)
t, All str .. flow gage stetlons ere currently ectlve, however, flow dete Included In this doc~~~~~ent Is thr·ough S.ptMber 1981, 2, -Present• In periods of record tndlett" stetton Is ecttve •• of Jenuery 1981, A dete efter -Present• lndleetes the
.ast recent date evetleble, 3, .. ten• oontlnuous weter quality .anltor was Installed •t river •lie 183,0, 4, River •lie •t tributary's oonfluenee with Susltne River, 5, Rl ver •lie •t Yentne-susltne confluence,
Source: USGS •nd R.-.
- - - - - ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. - - .. -
RIM
USGS
USGS
USGS
USGS
USGS
USGS
.. ..
I \ \
\ \
• <;;/ \
u... ' I I
't I 0 I
) li'~ 0 J
,. ... --""' ..-"'
f.. ,,. .... --------"'. ........ .,., -----
'"''
SUSITNA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN
' • 'l- ... o, • ..., "" f' '• "'' f• t ' f ., . · - ,.,,. .._ .. - • • - o t ' • fo ....... .. \ _,., ... ... ..... I
' • • • 0 • ' ', , • • ' • · '
TABLE E.2.16: DETECTION LIMITS AND CRITERIA F~ WATER quALITY PNWETERS
T....,.-atur"e, -c Total Suspended S.dl-.nts<2l
Turbidity (NTUl DIs so I ved Oxygen D.o. P.,.c:ent S.tur"atlon Nltr'ate Nltr"ogen Total Phosphorus Or'tho-f>hosphate Total Dissolved Sollds(Jl Conductivity, UBhos/~ e 25-c
Slyjlflcant Ions Sui ate ChiOr"lde Ca, Ca ICIUIII Mg, Mltgnes I""' Na, Sod I Ulll
K, Potass I"' Total Har"dness pH, pH Units Total Alkalinity, as CaC03 F,. .. Cer"bon Dioxide Ch•lcal Oxygen O...nd Total Or'ganlc Car"bon T,.ue ColOr', PlatlnUIII Cobalt UnIts
Metals Ag';""'ST I ver AI, AIUIIIInUIII As, .Vsen I c Au, Gold B, 8or"on Ba, Bar' I 1M1 8 I, 81 111111th Cd, Cad• I U111 Co, Cobalt Cr', Chr'OIIII U111
Cu, CopPer" Fe, lr"on Hg, M.r"cury Mn, Manganese Mo, Mo lybdeniMI Nl, Nickel Pb, L.ad Pt, PlatlniMI Sb, Antl~~ony S., S.lenlu.. SI,SIIIcon Sn, Tin Sr', Str"ont I 1M1 TJ, Tltanlu.. W, Tungsten Y, Vaned I u.. Zn, Zinc z,., Z I r"con I u..
o,.~enlc C~lcels (ug/11 - ndr'in - Lindane - Nethoxych I Or' - Toxaphene - 2, 4-D - 2, 4, 5-TP Sllvex Gross Alpha (Picocur"le/llt.,.l
RIA Detection
Lllllt
o.1 I
o.o5 0.1 1 o.1 0.01 o.o1 1 1
0.2 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 1
+ o.o1 -2
1 1 1.0 1
0.05 o.o5 o.1o o.o5 0.05 0.05 0.05 o.ot 0.05 0.05 0.05 o.o5 o.1 0.05 0.05 o.o5 0.05 0.05 o.1o o.1o 0.05 o.to 0.05 0.05 1.0 o.o5 o.o5 0.05
0.0002 0.004 o.1 0.005 0.1 o.ot 3
USGS Detection
Lllllt'41
0.01 o.ot o.ot 1
0.05 o.ot o.o1 o.t o.1 o.t
o.oo1 o.ot o.oot o.o1 0.1
o.oot o.oot o.oot o.oot o.ot o.ooo1 o.oo1 o.oot o.oo1 o.oot o.oot o.oot O~t
o.ot
0.01
0.00001 o.oooo1 o.oooot o.oo1 o.oooo1 o.oooo1
Criteria ,
Levels
20, 15(M), 13(Sp)
no .... sur"able Ina .. .. 25 NTU lna .. se 1 end 17 110 10 o.o1
1, 500
200 200
3.0 (S) 50
o.o5 o.on <S, 0.440 0.043 1.0 o.oo35 <Sl o.oot 2, o.ooo4 o.1 o.ot t.o 0.00005 0.05 o.o1 0.025 o.o3 9 o.o1
0.001 ($) o.o3
0.004 o.ot o.oJ 0.013 100 10 15
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p . 2 .(' 2
TABLE £.2.16 CCont'dl
A81 USGS Detection Detection CrIterIa
Per-ters111 Lh11lt Llt~~lt(C) Levels
Others Settleable Solids, 1111/1 0.1 AIM!on Ia NItrogen 0.05 o.o1 0.02 Organic Nitrogen 0.1 Kheldahl Nitrogen 0.1 0.1 Hltr Ita Nitrogen o.o1 o.o1 Tote I HI trogen 0.1 0.01 Total InorganIc Carbon 1.0
c 1) A 1 1 per-tars end ve I ues ere ••pressed In ~~~g/1 un I ass other• I se noted.
(2) TSS- Cnonflltereblel t~~eterlal on a standerd fiber filter after filtration of a WiTI -1111 xed sa.., Ia.
(3) TDS- (flltereblal .aterlel that passes through e standard glass tiber filter end ,. ... Ins after evaporation.
(C) USGS detection llt11lts are taken USGS Open-file Report 81-1016. test available.
04) -Migration Aoutas
CSpl -Spawning Areas
CSl -Suggested Crltarle
Source: USGS and RM
frc. "1982 Water Quality LAboratory Services Catalog" The ll•lts used are the ll•lts tor the IIIOSt precise
TABLE E,2,17: PARAMETERS EliCEEDING CRITERIA BY STATION AND SEASON
f'er .. ter Station -s-.. son CrIterIa
0,0, J Seturetlon G s L
Phospllot'us, Tote I (d) v, G, T, S, SS s, w. 8 E
pH T s L v, s w G, T B
Total Organic Carbon G, SS s s v, G, ss w ss B
True Color v, G, T, S s L
A h11ln111 (d) v, G S, w s Al111ln111 <t> G, T, s s s BIMUth (d) v, G s s
G w Cedlll111 (d) G, T, ss s E Ced•llll (t) G, T, s, ss s E
T, ss w Copper (d) ss s A
T w T, ss B
Copper (t) G, T, S, ss s A T, ss w. 8
Iron (t) G, T, s, ss s E T, SS B
Le.cl (t) G, T, S, ss s A ss 8
"-ngenese (d) G, s E "-ntenHe (t) G, T, S, ss s E
T, ss B
Mercury (d) G, T, S, 55 5 E T, 5 w
"-rcury (t) G, T, s. ss s E T, S, ss w T, 55 8
Nickel (t) G, s. 55 s A
Zinc (d) 5 w A T 8
Zinc (t) a, T. s, ss s A T, SS w. B
Notes:
Stetlons s .. sons Crlterle
(cf) dissolved D - Denali S - 5.-r L - Estebllshed by lew es per Aleske Weter Qu!ll!y Stenderds, 1979, (t) tote I V - v .. Canyon W - WInter
rec:overeb le G - Go I d Cr•k B - Br .. kup C - Chu lltnl T - Tllk•tna S -Sunshine SS - Susltne Stetlon
Source: USGS AND IUI4
E - Established by lew es per EPA Ouell!y Crlterle for Water, 1976,
S - Crlterle thet heve been suggested but ere not lew, or levels which neturel weters usually do not e•ceed,
A - Alternete level to 0,01 of the 96-hour LC50 det.,..lned ttlrough bloes .. y (EPA 1976),
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SEASON DEFINITIONS FOR WATER QUALITY SUMMARY
Breakup - from the time ice begins to break up until recession of spring runoff.
Summer - from the end of breakup until the water temperature drops t o --- essentially 0° C in the fall.
Winter - from the end of summer until breakup begins.
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II II Ill I I I Ill I II I 111111111111111
I .A.__.I5.0
IA. ---..13.0
u ~ ..... a: ;:)
~ a: ..... A.
~ ....
SOUIICE : USGS
10.0
-
5.0
0 .0
49 49 ~4 21 65 9 25 3 5 17 5 27 D v c T s So:~ D v a c T
I I I
SUMMER WINTER
3 22 6 4 10 2 12 s ss D v a c T
I
BREAKUP
I 7 s ss
e MAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
D-DENALI V-VEE CANYON Q-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S ·SUNSHINE SS ·SUS I TNA STATION
NOTES• I. A . CRITERIA : SHALL NOT EXCEED 20°C AT ANY TIME . THE
FOLLOWING MAXIMUM TEWP£RATURE SHALL NOT BE EXCEEDED WHERE APPLICABLE : MIGRATION ROUTES AND REARING AREAS--15°C, SPAWNING AREAS AND EGG AND FRY INCUBATION-- 13°C (ADEC, 1979) .
I. B. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT SENSITIVE IMPORTANT FISH SPECIESLAND FOR THE SUCCESSFUL MIGRATION.! SPAWNING.a. EGG-INC BATION1.FRY-REARING_. AND OTHER REt"RODUCTIVt. FUNCTIONS OF IMPORTANT SPt.CIES .
2 . MAXIMUM VALUES OF 12°C AT DENALI ON JUNE 4 AND 5, 1980; 15.0 0C AT GOLD CREEK ON JULY 3 AND 4, 1979 i AND 16.5 °C AT SUSITNA STATION ON JULY 9,1976 HAVE BEEN RECORDED BY USGS CONTINUOUS RECORDING EQUIPMENT, HOWEVER THESE WERE NOT INCLUDED IN THE ABOVE COMPILATION. ONLY DISCRETE OBSERVATIONS WERE UTILIZED SINCE CONTINUOUS RECORDERS ARE NOT PRESENT AT EACH STATION THROUGHOUT THE BASIN.
DATA SUM MARY- TEMPERATURE FIGURE E.2.71
·- ... ·- ·- ·- ·- ·-
........ ..
6000
! 4000 ., .... z w 2 0 w ., Q i 2000 w ~ ;) ., g .... 0
45 41 0 v
72 20 54 5 21 G c T s S;,
SUMMER
- ·- - -
2 IS II I 24 2 It • 3 15 3 12 I 5 0 v 8 c T s .. D v G c T s ss
I I
WINTER BREAKUP
D-'>EMALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITMA T-TALKEETNA S-SUNSHINE SS-SUSITNA STATION
NOTE. I. A. CRITERION : NO MEASURABLE INCREASE ABOVE NATURAL
CONDITIONS IAOEC 1979). I. B ESTABLISHED TO PREVENT OEl..ETERIOUS EFFECTS ON AQUATIC
ANIMAL AND PLANT LIFE, THEIR REPRODUCTION AND HABITAT.
2 AT GOLD CREEK , 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT OF 1.0 "'9·11
DATA SUMMARY-TOTAL SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS SOUIICl . USGS AHD 11&1011
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
MO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E.2 . 78
1500
'5 1000 r z
0
0 II D v
ltlb
27 13 15 G c T
SUMMER
-
.
21 II 0 4 s Sl:l D v
T
- -
5 0 0 3 13 0 I ' 0 0 0 I G c T s ss D v a c T s ss
IT I
WINTER BREAKUP
0-DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-80LD CREEk C-CHULITNA T- TALkEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUS I TNA STATION
NOTES : I.A. CRtTERION :S~All NOT EXQ£ED 25 NTU ABOVE NATURAL
CONDITIONS (ADEC 1979) . .
I. B. ESTABUSHED TO HtEVENT THE REDUCTION OF THE COMPENSATION POINT FOR PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY, WHICH MAY HAVE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON AQUATIC LIFE.
DATA SUMMARY - ·ruRBIDift
SOURCl • USGS AND Ra II
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of 08SERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E. 2 . I I
~ ,... ~ .... , ... . . ,... ..- -------' 1~. 8 -
.
14.0
-
12.0
- -.
-IQO
-
-8.0
I.A.
0 1 19 0 29 ~ 13 0 4 8 0 15 3 14 0 I 3 0 4 0 4 0 v G c T s S::i 0 v 0 c T s ss 0 v G c T s ss
I I
r sUMMER -•WINTER BREAKUP
0 - DENALI V-VEE CANYON 0-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S - SUNSHINE SS- SUS I TNA STATION
NOTES: '• I. A. CRfTEfiA• GREATER THAN 7mo"./l. ,BUT IN NO CASE SHALL DISSOLVED
OXYGEN EXCEED 17 mo /I .(ADEC 1979). I. B. ESTABLISHED FOR n.E PROTECTION OF ANADROMOUS AND
RESIDENT FISH.
DATA SUMMARY- DISSOLVED OXYGEN
so.AICl · USGS ANO II aM
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E.2 .83
·- ·- ....... -- .... .- .... .... .- .- ... .- .- .... ... ... .- ~ ..
120
I.A.--•
z 100 0 i= .. a::
-I
:::> .... .. I
en "' ~ 0 80
'
z w ~ >-)(
0
0 w ~ 0 60 en en 0
0 7 15 0 8 2 9 0 4 8 0 6 3 7 0 I 3 0 I 0 2 D v G c T s S;, D v G c T s ss D v G c T s ss
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SUMMER WINTER BREAKUP
0-0ENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T - TALI<EETNA S-SUNSHINE SS - SUSITNA STATION
NOTES: , I . A. CAllER ION: THE CONCENTRATION bF TOTAL DISSOLVED GAS SHALL NOT
EXCEED 110% SATURATION AT ANY POINT. tADEC, 1979 ). I . 8 . ESTABLISHED FOR THE PROTECTION OF ANADROMOUS AND
RESIDENT FISH.
DATA SUMMARY- DISSOLVED OXYGEN % SATURATION SOUIIC[ • UIGI AIIO 11• Ill
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E. 2 .84
·- ·- ....... -- .... .- .... .... .- .- ... .- .- .... ... ... .- ~ ..
120
I.A.--•
z 100 0 i= .. a::
-I
:::> .... .. I
en "' ~ 0 80
'
z w ~ >-)(
0
0 w ~ 0 60 en en 0
0 7 15 0 8 2 9 0 4 8 0 6 3 7 0 I 3 0 I 0 2 D v G c T s S;, D v G c T s ss D v G c T s ss
I I I I I I I
SUMMER WINTER BREAKUP
0-0ENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T - TALI<EETNA S-SUNSHINE SS - SUSITNA STATION
NOTES: , I . A. CAllER ION: THE CONCENTRATION bF TOTAL DISSOLVED GAS SHALL NOT
EXCEED 110% SATURATION AT ANY POINT. tADEC, 1979 ). I . 8 . ESTABLISHED FOR THE PROTECTION OF ANADROMOUS AND
RESIDENT FISH.
DATA SUMMARY- DISSOLVED OXYGEN % SATURATION SOUIIC[ • UIGI AIIO 11• Ill
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E. 2 .84
- . .- . .- ·- - .. --
1.1
0.6
""":
' 0 .4 0 e
ll.
~ 0 %
5I 0 0 .2
f ..J
~ 0 ~
I.A. --o1f
g 10 2: g 23 6 23 0 4 y_ T 8
·~ 0 v
I I I
SUMMER
-
~ 0 17 4 20 ig c T 8 8S
I
WINTER
I 3 0 6 v ' c T
I I I I
BREAKUP
0 7 s saH-
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of 088E:AVATIONS
LOCATION
0-0E:NALI V-VE:E: CANYON 8-GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUS I TNA STATION
NOTES:
•• &YUh &AU *WSSI - 80-11 1811 ..,.,.,., I.B. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS.
2 . AT VEE CANYON_1
4 SUMMER 08SERVATIONS,2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS, AND THE I BREA~UP OBSERVATION WERE LESS THAN 0 .0!5 lftg./1.
5 . AT GOLD CREEK,tl SUMMER 08SERVATIONS,3 WINTER OBSERVATIONS, AHO I BAEAKUP OBSERVATION WERE LESS THAN 0 .05 mg./ I.
4 . AT SUNSHINE, 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .01 lftg./1 .
5. AT SUSITNA STATION, 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .01 mg./ I.
DATA SUMMARY -'TOTAL PHOSPHORus· FIGURE E . 2 .86
SOUIIC£ USGS AND II a M
0.6
..-.
....... 0 -.! a.. 1/) 0 . 4 cf -· - .. -..... ... cf % 0..
- --
1/) 0
f 0 .2 0 ::r too a:: 0 -
- -- I• f• H -
0 .0
0 9 27 0 II 3 I - 0
0 v G c T s s~ 0
SUMMER
-
-
-
~ - ~· - t~J -'
- -.
4 8 0 4 I 2 v G c T s ss
WINTER
-
- -
-- -
0 I 3 0 0 0 v (J c T
BREAKUP
0 I s ss
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
0-0EN.\LI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS -SUSITNA STATION
NOTES•
I . NO CRITERION ESTABLISHED. ' . 2. AT VEE CANYON, 7 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .05 mg./1.
2 WINTER OBSERvATIONS AND THE I BREAKUP OBSERVATION WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT OF 0 .01 mg./ I.
3. AT GOLD CREEK, 13 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .02mg./l. 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS AND 2 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT Of 0 . 01 r~~g./ I.
4 . AT SUSITNA STATION, THE 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0.02 mg./1.
DATA SUMMARY- ORTHOPHOSPHATE
FIGURE E.2 .87 SOUIIIC[ ' USGS AND lila M .
0.6
..-.
....... 0 -.! a.. 1/) 0 . 4 cf -· - .. -..... ... cf % 0..
- --
1/) 0
f 0 .2 0 ::r too a:: 0 -
- -- I• f• H -
0 .0
0 9 27 0 II 3 I - 0
0 v G c T s s~ 0
SUMMER
-
-
-
~ - ~· - t~J -'
- -.
4 8 0 4 I 2 v G c T s ss
WINTER
-
- -
-- -
0 I 3 0 0 0 v (J c T
BREAKUP
0 I s ss
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
0-0EN.\LI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS -SUSITNA STATION
NOTES•
I . NO CRITERION ESTABLISHED. ' . 2. AT VEE CANYON, 7 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .05 mg./1.
2 WINTER OBSERvATIONS AND THE I BREAKUP OBSERVATION WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT OF 0 .01 mg./ I.
3. AT GOLD CREEK, 13 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .02mg./l. 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS AND 2 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT Of 0 . 01 r~~g./ I.
4 . AT SUSITNA STATION, THE 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0.02 mg./1.
DATA SUMMARY- ORTHOPHOSPHATE
FIGURE E.2 .87 SOUIIIC[ ' USGS AND lila M .
- - - - - ..• - - - - - - - - - .. - - -- --·--------------------------------------------------------------------~
._ -1-
..... -
-- - -~ - - - - -........ - - - - -0 -e - - -
2 z IJ)
Cl
z w (!) 0 a: .....
I. z 0
w ..... Cl a: ..... z
J - - -0.0
I
II 19 71 6 31 0 I D v G c T s ss
SUMMER
t- t-· - - -
-
--
I~ - - .
3 4 30 4 II 0 I D v 0 c T s ss
WINTER
.._
-
-
-
I 2 • 0 10 0 v (J c T
I
BREAKUP
0 0 s ss
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OIS£RVATIONS
LOCATION
0-DENALI V-VEE CANYON 0 - GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S · SUNSHINE SS- SUS I TNA STATION
NOTES:
LA. CRITERION : LESS THAN IOm9./l. (EPA 19 6).
I.B. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT WATER SUPPLIES.
2. AT VEE CANYON, 5 SUMMER OOSERVATIONS, 3 WINTER OBSERVATIONS, AND I BREAKUP OBSERVATION WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT OF 0 . 10 m9./1:
3. AT GOLD CREEK, 6 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS, 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS AND 2 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT OF 0 .10 m9. /l.
DATA SUMMARY- NITRATE NITROGEN
FIGURE E.2 .II SOUHCE · USGS AND R a lot
~
' 0 ~ en 0 ::i 0 Cl)
0
"' > ..J 0 cn Cl)
0 ..J
~ 0 ...
r-
.. - -- - - --
300 - -
. -- -- - - - - -
- - - - - -20 0
- . - . - r. f-o - - --
- -- -.
100 t.i ' ..
-.
-. ..
0 -. -
-0 10 59 0 39 8 24 - 0 4 23 0 19 4 20 0 I 8 0 10 0 7
0 v 0 c lrrfr~:»e 0 YTT~· r-rfui,, ~ 99 0 v G c T s ss
_L
SUMMER WINTER 8REAICUP
0 - DENALI V-VE.E CANYON G- GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALI<EE TNA S- SUNSHINE SS - SUS I TNA STATION
NOTES : ·, I. A . CRITERION• 1,500 1119./l. (AOEC 1979).
I. 8 . ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT NATURAL CONDITIONS OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS (500 me./ I. IS THE CRITERION fOR WATER SUPPLIES ).
DATA SUMMARY- TOTAL DISSOLVED SOllDS
SOURCE • USGS ANO R e ..
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE £ .2 .11
- ·- ·- ·- ·- ·-
0 0 on N
400
~ 300
e ~ .. 0 ~
E ~
>-t: 200 2:: ..... 0 :::> 0 z 0 0
100
1-t •.
18 29 D v I
.
-
-
32 81 14 73 9 G c T s
SUMMER
-
27 3 s D
467
- -
-
.. -
. ' .
.
5 37 !5 31 3 22 I J 9 2 18 0 7 v G c T s ss D v G c T s ss
WINTER BREAKUP
D- DENALI V-VEE CANYON G- OOLD CREEK C- CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUSITNA STATION
NOTES :
I. NO CRITERION ESTABLISHED.
DATA SUMMARY- CONDUCTIVITY
SOURCE • USGS AND II aM
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E.2 . 90
l- ~ ....... - .. - - - - - - - - - - - ~
1- -
1 .0
II)
!::: ~lA
% A
% 1.0 A
•
I 2 9 0 II 0 1 0 V G C T S 85
1-+-jf+iH II It 74 6 15 1 2!6t-t-t-t-t- 5 4 54 4 29 5 20 1-+-jf+iH 0 V Q C T S S;, 0 V G C T S SS
I I I I I
SUMMER WINTER BREAKUP
0-0ENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALkEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUSITNA STATION
NOTES•
I. A. CRITERIA: NOT LESS THAN' 6 .5 OR GREATER THAN 9.0 pH UN ITS . SHALL NOT VARY MORE THAN 0 .5 pH UNITS FROM NATURAL CONDITION ( AOEC 1979 ).
I. B. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER A.QUATIC ORGANISMS.
DATA SUMMARY- pH
SOUI'Cl : Ulll AND II all
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E. 2 .91
. --- • ..• ----------- ~ ..
175
........ ~ 125 E
, 0 u ;1
~
~ 75 z :; c ¥ ..J c
II 16 D v
-
- -
- --
-
- - -
-
67 6 6 0 6 21 3 G c T s S:s D
SUMMER
- -
-- - -. - -
- [.!!~
3 33 4 29 2 19 I I 7 0 14 0 6 v G c T s ss D v 0 c T s ss
WINTER BREAKUP
D-DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUSITNA STATION
NOTES• .,
I. A. CRITERION : 20mQ./I. OR MORE EXCEPT WHERE NATURAL CONDITIONS ARE LESS (EPA 1976).
1. B. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FHESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS .
DATA SUMMARY- ALKALINITY
OURC£ : UIGI ANO II alii
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E.2 . 99
----~ .. • -a. ..................... ..
z 0 ., ~
30
20
10
0
-- - - - -
-
-
-
. -
' . ~ - - - . -
-
~ 0 10 0 3 2 7 0 I 4 0 2 2 9 0 0 2 0 I 0 4 v G c T s h 0 v 0 c T s ss 0 v 0 c T s as
I I I I I I T I ~
SUMMER WINTER BREAKUP
O- D£NALI \1-VU: CANYON G-GOLO CRUK C- CHULITNA T - TALkEETNA S-SUNSHINE SS - SUSITNA STATION
NOTES:
I. NO CRITERION ESTAILISHEO.
2. WATERS CONTAINING LESS •THAN 3.0 mt/1. HAVE BEEN O&SERVED TO BE RELATIVELY CLEAN (McNEELY et ol. l97i) .
- -DATA SUMMARY-TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
SOIMct: • Ulll AND II a M
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
fiGURE E. 2.101
-- ·- ·- ·- ,_ .. ·-
a: 9 0 0 w ;::) .% 1-
150
0
-
.
'
14j. -~
14 17 0 v
-
-
' I
.
62 6 30 3 G c T s I
SUMMER
- - .
-
-
. · i~t
.. 3 4 ss 0 v
-
-
. -
- - - . . . .
- -
. . -
-
I• . -
-25 4 13 I 4 I 2 8 0 8 0 0 G c T s ss 0 v G c T s ss
I
WINTER BREAKUP
0 - 0ENALI V-VEE CANYON 0 - GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T-TALI<EETNA S-SUNSHINE SS - SUSITNA STATION
NOTES:
e MAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
I A. CRITERION: SHALL NOT EXCEED 50 UNITS (AOEC 1979). 4. AT TALKEETNA, I WINTER OI!SERVATION WAS LESS THAN 5 UNITS.
1.8. ESTA&LISHEO TO PREVENT THE REDUcTION Of PHOTOSYNTHEliC ACTIVITY WHICH MAY HAVE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS ON AQUATIC LIFE.
2. AT OENALI,I SUMMER OaSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 5 UNITS. ONE SUMMER OBSERVATION WAS GREATER THAN 5 UNITS.
3 ATSUSITNA STATION,2 SUMMER 08S£RVATIONS AND 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 5 UNITS.
DATA SUMMARY-TRUE COLOR SOUIICf• USGS AND II a It
FIGURE E.2. 103
-
' t ..... ..J Ill C( a: ..... ~ (,) ..... a: ..J
~ 0 1-
60
40
20
z 0 ~ LA.-.(j
I
-
0 0 D v
-
6 0 15 6 13 0 G c T s s~ D
SUMMER
-- - . - -
i'o
0 . ... 1 . 0 & I 10 0 0 0 0 4 0 6
v G c T 5 ss D v G c T s 88
' -,
WINTER BREAKUP
0-0ENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T ·TALKEETNA S · SUNSHINE SS- SUS I rNA STATION
NOTES: I.A. CftiTERION • LESS THAN I.OmQ./1. (EPA 1971; SITTIG 11811.
1.8. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHW~TER AQUATIC ORGANISMS .
2 . (t)• TOTAL RECOVERABLE.
DATA SUMMARY- IRON (t)
SOUIICE· UIGI
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
fiGURE E.2 . Ill
>-Ct: ~
0 Ct: .... :1
.. .. .• .• ·- ·- ·- ·- ·- ... ·- --
I.A
l
0 .00 00 -·~++++
~ ..._+--+-+++-+.J+o "-'~o~ ... '3~~l-o"-'-.L3~~3 L~ 3 o o - 1 o 2 0 V G C T S S;,ci-t-+-t-t 0 V G C T
SUMMER WINTER
2 9 s ss
0 0 0 0 0 0 6 D V G C T S SS
BREAKUP
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
0-DENALI V-VEE CANYON G- GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T - TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS - SUSITNA STATION
NOTES: I. A CRITERION: LESS THAN 0 .00005 mCJ./1. (EPA 1976) .
I.B. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS.
2. AT GOLD CREEK , I SUMMER OBSERVATION AND THE I WINTER OBSERVATION WERE LESS THAN 0 .001 mQ./ I.
3. AT SUSITNA STATION, B SUMMER OBSERVATIONS, 7 WINTER OBSERVATIONS, AND THE 6 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0.0005 m9./ I.
4 . (d): DISSOLVED
DATA SUMMARY- MERCURY (d) f iGURE E.2 . 115
SOUIIC£ • USGS
....... D ~ w
0 .0 006
~ 0 . c( cr:
0004
w ~ u w cr: ..J
g 0 .00 02 ....
>cr: ::;) u cr: w 2
.-I. A
0 .0000
0 0 0 v
·6.'obo8'
-
I
. -- . -
6 0 9 6 13 0 0 o · c T s ss - 0 v
SUMMER
-
.
I 0 5 I 9 0 0
G c T s ss 0 v
WINTER
0 0 3 0 0 c T s
I
BREAKUP
-
6 ss
- -
e MAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
0 - 0ENALI V-VEE CANYON 0-GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS • SUSITNA STATION
NOTES :
I.A. CRITERION• LESS THAN 0 .00005mQ./I. (EPA 1976).
I.B. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS.
2 . AT TALKEETNA,! SUMMER OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 00005 me./1.
3. AT SUSITNA STATION, 7 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS, 7 WINTER OBSERVATIONS AND 4 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .0005 m9. / I.
4 . AT GOLD CREEK 1 THE I WINTER OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 0 .0005 mQ. I I .
5. (I): TOTAL RECOVERABLE.
-DATA SUMMARY- MERCURY (t)
IOU~CE USGS FIGURE E.Z . 116
·-·- ·- .... - ......... .-.- ..........
60
~ 0 e 40 a z cC 2 loJ a z loJ Cl >-)( a 20 ...J cC (.)
i loJ X: (.)
0
~0\JIIC( Ill a Ill
-
- -
-
. -0 8 16 0 0 0 0 0 4 !5 0 0 0 0 0 I 2 0 0 0 0
D v G c T s s~ D v G c T s ss D v G c T s ss ~ I r I I
SUUUER WINTER BREAKUP
0 - DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C- CHULITNA T - TALKEETNA S - SUNSHINE SS - SUSITNA STATION
NOTES:
I. NO CRITERION ESTABLISHED.
2 . AT GOLD CREEK, 2 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 1.0 mg./ I.
DATA SUMMARY-CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
e MAXIMUM
- MUN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
--
FIGURE E.2 102
- -
30
-- -- - .
-20
- -. ~ .
- - -~ ...... ~ e w 10
e a: 0 ..J :J: u
. 0
II 19 74 6 62 9 24 3 4 33 4 29 4 21 I 2 9 0 16 0 7
0 v G c T s S:.~ 0 v G c T s ss 0 v G c T s ss I I
SUMMER WINTER BREAKUP
0-DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLO CREEl< C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUS I TNA STATION NOTES.
I. A. CRITERION·. LESS THAN 200 mq / 1 (ADEC 19791.
I. B ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT WATER SUPPLIES
2 AT VEE CANYON , 3 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT OF IOmQ / I
3 AT GOLD CREEK, 2 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT OF I 0 "'9 I I .
DATA SUMMARY -CHLDRIDE
SOURCE USGS ANO RaM
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E.2.92
-50 -
- -
-...: 20 ~ 01 -E -w 0 x -0 -0 z 0 10 CD a: .. ' (.)
w w a: "- -
I ~ - [j
0
II 16 62 ' 6 &!S ! I!S ·' ! 2t 4 24 0 I& b I • 0 14 0 !S
0 v a c T 8 5lii D v G c T s ss v ' c T 8 ss I I I I I I I
SUMMER WINTER BREAKUP
0 - DEHALI V-VEE CANYON G- GOLD CREEK C- CHULITNA T - TALKEETNA S - SUNSHINE SS -SUSITNA STATI ON
NOTE:
I. NO CRITERION ESTABLISHED.
DATA SUMMARY - FREE CARBON DIOXIDE S()(JAC£ USGS ANO A6 M
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E.2 .100
-
2A
- - .. - -
3.0
-~ E
2.0 -0 .....
d If) If)
0 --;; 1.0 -
~ ::::> z i ::::> ..J ~
O.v
0 10 6 0 0 0 0 0 3 D v G c T s Sll D v
I
SUMMER
- - -
--
- - -
3 0 0 0 0 G c T s ss
I
WINTER
-
-
0 I 2 0 0 D v G c T
BREAKUP
0 0 s as
• MAXIMUM
e MINIMUM
NO. OF 018£R~TIONS
LOCATION
0 - DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS - SUSITNA STATION NOTES. I NO CRITERION ESTABLISHED.
2 A A LIMIT OF 0.073 mr:,/ I HAS BEEN SUGGESTED BY EPA !SITIIG 1981) .
2.8 THIS SUGGESTED LIMIT IS BASED ON THE EFFECTS~ ALUMINUM ON HUMAN HEALTH.
3 AT VEE CANYON, 7 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 10 mq./ I T~O WINTER OBSERIIATIONS AND THE ONE SUMMER OBSERVATION WERE LESS THAN THE DEl ECTION LIMIT OF 005 mr,/ I.
4 AT GOLD CREEK, 4 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS,2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS AND THE 2 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN THE DETECTION LIMIT OF 005"'9 / I.
5 (d) : DISSOLVED.
DATA SUMMARY- ALUMINUM (d) SOU,.f"( • II a II FIGURE E..2 . 104
-.-.---~~ --
30
~
' . ..
! - -"' ...I
. lD c tt 20 ~ 0 0
I!
-
..J
~ 10 -
~ 2 ::l ~ 2 3 4 -
2.A. 0
-0 0 3 0 I 3 0 0 v 0 c T s h
I
SUMMER
----.&----
- -- -.
-.
- - -- -- - -. -.
-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 v G c T ~I ss 0
WINTER
- --
0 0 0 0 v G c T
BREAKUP
0 s
---------
0 sa
I I
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of 08SERVATIONS
LOCATION
0-0ENALI V-VE£ CANYON G-GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T · TALkEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS -SUSITNA STATION
NOTES:
I . NO CRITERION ESTAILISHED.
2.A. A LIMIT OF 0.073 mt./1. ltAS BEEN SUGGESTED BY EPA (SITTIG 1981 ) .
2.8. THIS SUGGESTED LIMIT IS BASED ON THE EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM ON HUMAN HEALTH .
3. (I): TOTAL RECOVERABLE.
DATA SUMMARY- ALUMINUM (t)
SOUIICf• Ul401 FIGURE E. 2 . I 00
..
,.._..._.,
0 .30
-....... co 0 .20 E
0 w > ...J 0 C/) C/)
5 ...:
0 .10 Cll
X ... :::> 2 en ii
2.A.~0
0 10 7 0 0 0 0 0 3 D v G c T s Sll D v
SUMMER
3 0 0 0 0 0 I G c T s ss D v
WINTER
-
2 0 0 e c T
BREAKUP
0 0 s ss
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. M 081ERYATION8
LOCATION
0-DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUS I TNA STATION
NOTES:
I. NO CRITERION ESTABLISHED.
2.A. EPA HAS SUGGESTED AN AMBIENT LIMIT OF 0 .0035 1110./1. (SITTIG I HI).
2.8. THIS SUGGESTED LIMIT FOR BISMUTH IS BASED ON HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS.
3. AT VEE CANYON, 9 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS, THE 3 WINTER OBSERVATIONS, AND THE I BREAKUP OBSERVATION WERE LESS THAN 0 .05 me./ I.
4. AT GOLD CREEK, 6 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS, 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS, AND THE 2 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .05 •e./1.
5. (d): DISSOLVED.
SOUIICE • 11• M DATA SUMMARY-BISMUTH (d) FIGURE E. 2.106
I ---0 .003 0
' 0 0 .0020 E .
0 w ~ 0 1/'1
~ I._..
~ 0 . 0010
::1 ::>
~ I.~ C(
u 2.--
0 .0000
0
-
-0 0 D v
- - -
...
-
-
3 0 4 3 13 G c T s ss I
SUMMER
-
-
.. -
0
-
0 0 I 0 ~ I 9 D v G c T s ss
I
WINTER
---
0 0 0 0 2 0 v G c T
BREAKUP
0 6 s as
e MAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSfRVATK>NS
LOCATION
0 - DENALI V-VEE CANYON G- GOLD CREEK C- CHULITNA T ·TALKEETNA S - SUNSHINE SS - SUSITNA STATION NOTES:
I CRITERIA = 0 .0012 mQ / 1 IN HARD WATER AND0.0004 SOFT WATER (EPA 1976).
2. CRITERION LESS THAN 0 .0002 1ft9./ l. (McNEELY et ol. 1979).
3. THE ABOVE CRITERIA ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS.
4. AT GOLD CREEK, I SUMMER OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 0.001 mQ./ I. THE I WINTER OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 0.003 IIIIJ /I .
5 . AT TALKEETNA, 2 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS AND 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS
WERE LESS THAN 0 .001 miJ. /1.
6 . AT SUNSHINE, 2 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS AND THE I WINTER OBSERVATION WERE LESS THAN O.OOimiJ./1.
7. Al SUSITNA STATION,I2 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0.002 IIIIJ./1. THE 9 WINTER OBSERVATIONS AND THE 6 BREAKUP OISERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 003m1J / 1.
8 . (d) : DISSOLVED
DATA SUMMARY- CADMIUM (d) FIGURE f . 2 . I D7 SOUIIC£ USGS
) .0030
00020
00010
. - .......
2
0 .0000
0 0 0 v
0005 0010
~ 0 10 6 13 0 0 c T s s~ 0 v
I
SUMMER
I 0 5 I 9 0 0 0 c T s 8S 0 v
I I
WINTER
0 0 3 G c T
8REAKUP
0 6 s 88
e MAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OIIERVATIONS
LOCATION
0-DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-OOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUSITNA STATION
TES
CRITERIA 0.0012 IN HARD WATER AND 0.0004 m9/ I IN SOFT WATER IEPA 1976).
CRITERION- LESS THAN 0 .0002 mQ./1. (McNEELY 11 at. 1979).
ABOVE CRITERIA ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS.
AT GOLD CREEK , 3 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN OOIOm9/l. THE I WINTER OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 0 001 mQ./1 .
5 AT TAU<EETNA,5 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS , I WINTER OBSERVATION AND 2 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .010 IIIQ. /I .
6 AT SUNSHINE,4 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0010 m~/ 1
7 AT SUSITNA STATION, 7 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS, 7 WINTER OBSERVATIONS AND 5 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .020 m9/ I
8 (I) : TOTAL RECOVERABLE
DATA SUMMARY -CADMIUM (t)
USGS fiGURE E.2 .I 01
0 .0030
' do ! w ..J ID <I a:
~ u w a: _, I ~ 0 ..... '0 u ::E I ::l
00020
00010
- -~ 2 <I u 0 .0000
0 0
0005 0010
0 ~
0 10 6 13 0 0 v c T s Sa 0 v
SUMMER
I 0 5 I 9 0 0 0 c T s ss 0 v
I I
WINTER
0 0 3 G c T
I
BREAKUP
0 6 s as
e WAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
0 -DENALI V-VEE CANYON G- OOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T - TALKEETNA S - SUNSHINE SS - SUSITNA STATION
NOTES I CRITERIA 0.0012 IN HARD WATER AND 0.0004 "'II I I IN SOFT WATER (EPA 1976).
2 CRITERION: LESS THAN 0 .0002 "'II· /1. (McNEELY tl ol. 1979).
3 ABOVE CRITERIA ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS.
4 AT GOLD CREEK, 3 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN OOIOmQII. THE I WINTER OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 0 001 m11./1 .
5 AT TALKEETNA,5 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS,! WINTER OBSERVATION AND 2 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0.010 11111./l.
6 AT 5UNSHINE,4 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0010 m~ll
7 AT SUSITNA STATION, 7 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS, 7 WINTER OBSERVATIONS AND 5 BREAK UP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0.020 "'II I I
8 (t) : TOTAL RECOVERABLE
DATA SUMMARY -CADMIUM (t)
SOURCE· USGS FIGURE E .2 . 1 01
.030 0
t 0 .
15 2 . 0.. 0.. 0 u
0 .
020
.010
000 -
0 0 0 v
-
3 0 3 3 13 0 0 G c T s S::~ 0 v
SUMMER
-
I 0 5 I • 0 0 G c T s ss 0 v
WINTER
0 0 2 8 c T
BREAKUP
0 6 s II
e MAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of DeHRYATIONS
LOCATION
0- DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUIITNA STATION NOTES
I CRITERoON : 0.01 OF THE 96·HOUH LC50 DETERMINED THROUGH BIOASSAY (EPA 1976).
2 CRITERION 0.005 mQ/1 (McNEEL'Y tl ol. 1979).
3 THE ABOIIE CRITERIA E.STABLISHED TO PROTECT fRESH'MATt:R AQUATIC ORGANISMS
4 AT TALKEETNA, TI1E 3 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .010 mg/1.
5 AT SUSITNA STATION, 6 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS,2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS AND 2 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .002 mQ / I .
6 (CS) : DISSOLVED
DATA SUMMARY COPPER (d)
I SOUR CE . usos FIGURE E.2. I Ot
.. -- - - -
-
0 .30
...,
' 0 E
w _, II) 0 .20
"' a: w > 0 u w a: _, ~ 0 1-_
o.;o ::J u
a: w 11. 11. 0 u 2. ~
0 0 6 0 II 6 0 v G c T 5
l
SUMMER
-
13 0 0 I 0 s I t 5::. 0 v G c T s ss
WINTER
0 0 0 0 l 0 v G c T
BREAKUP
0 t s as
e MAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. Of 088ERVATIONS
LOCATION
0-DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE 55 -SUSITNA STATION
NOTES :
I. CRITERION: 0 .01 Of THE 96 ·HOUR LCso DETERMINED THROOGH BIOASSAY (EPA 1976)
2. CRITERION· 0 005 miJ /1 (McNEELY et ol.l979).
3 THE ABOVE CRITERIA ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS
4. AT GOLD CREEK, I SUMMER OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 0 .010 m9 /1.
5. AT SUSITNA STATION, I SUMMER OBSERVATION AHD 2 WINTER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .020 m9 . /I.
6 . AT TALKEETNA, I BREAKUP OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 0 .020 "'f./ I. 7. (t) : TOTAL RECOVERABLE.
SOURCE USGS DATA SUMMARY-COPPER (t) FIGURE E.2 .110
•• •• ••
w ...J Ill
"" a:: w
8 w a:: ...J
t! 0 1-
~ IL
0 . 30
0 .20
0 .10
-;; I.__.
"" ~ 0.00
•
0 0
• • • •
6 0 10 6 13 0 0
• • - - - - .. - - -
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
I 0 5 I 9 0 0 0 0 2 0 6 D v G c T s S111 0 v G c T s ss 0 v G c T s ss
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
SUMMER WINTER BREAKUP
0 - DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE 55- SUS I TNA STATION
NOTES
I. CRITERION : LESS THAN 0 .03 mQ./ I. (McNEELY et ol. 1979).
2 . CRITERION: 0.01 OF THE 96 · HOUR LC50 DETERMINED BY BIOASSAY (EPA 1976).
3. ABOVE CRITERIA ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS.
4 . AT GOLD CREEK, 3 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THANO.IOOmQ./ 1.
5 . AT TALKEETNA, 6 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS AND I WINTER OBSERVATION
WERE LESS THAN O.IOOmg./1.
6 . AT SUNSHINE, 2 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .100 1119./l.
7. 4T SUSITNA STATION, 5 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS, 3 WINTER OBSERVATIONS, AND 2 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .200 mg./ I.
8 . (t): TOTAL RECOVERABLE.
-
DATA SUMMARY- LEAD (t) FIGURE E.2 .112 SOURCE USGS
• ••••
....... 0. E 0
~ 11'1 !a 0
c ll
w 11'1
~ I .A c C) z c ll
0 .30
0 . 20
0 . 10
0 . 00
'
-
0 0 0 v
• • • •
- .
I•
I 7 0 13 s 13 0 0 G c T s S;, 0 v
SUMMER
• • • • • - -
.
~~ ..
I 0 7 2 9 0 0 0 0 I 0 I G c T s ss 0 v G c T s ss
T -I
WINTER BREAKUP
0-DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T-TALKEETNA S-SUNSHINE SS-SUSITNA STATION
NOTES :
I. A CRITERION 1 LESS THAN 0.05 mQ./1. (EPA 1976)
1.8. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT WATER SUPPLIES .
2 . AT SUSITNA STATION, 6 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS, I WINTER OBSERVATION AND 6 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .010 mo./ I.
3. (d)•OISSOLVEO
DATA SUMMARY- MANGANESE (d)
SOUIIC[ • UIGS
- - -
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
-
FIGURE E.2.113
.II .II II .II :II II :• • • • • • --
- - -1 . ~0
- -
-. --
j Ill C( 1.00 cr: w ~
~
-
..J
~ 0 1- 0 .50 ..: c 2
w Cl) w z C(
" lA z C( 0.00 2
0 0 I 0 12 I 13 0 0 I 0 5 I 9 0 0 0 0 4 0 I D v G c T s s~ D v G c T s ss D v G c T s ss
SUMMER WINTER BREAKUP
0 - DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-OOLD CRE~K C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUSITNA STATION
NOTES:
I.A. CRITERION : LESS THAN 0 .05 me./ I. (EPA 1976).
I.B. ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT WATER SUPPLIES .
2. AT SUSITNA STATION, I BREAKUP OBSERVATION WAS LESS THANO.Oimv./1.
3. (tl=TOTAL RECOVERABLE .
DATA SUMMARY- MANGANESE (t) SOUIIC[ USGS
- - -
e MAXIMUM
- MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
FIGURE E. 2 . 114
(. .. ..
II .II II .II II II II II Ill
0 . 1~0
.100
-
.060
~~
.000
-0 0 -; 0 I 6 5 0 0 I 0 0 D v G c T s s~ D v G c T
SUMMER WINTER
II II II
-
-
t
I 3 0 0 s ss D v
II •
0 0 0 0 G c T s
BREAKUP
•
I ss
• • •
e MAXIMUM
-MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
0 - DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T - TALKEETNA S - SUNSHINE SS- SUSITNA STATION
NOTES:
I. CRITERION: LESS THAN 0 .025 mg./1. (McNEELY et ol. 1979) .
2. CRITERION· 0 .01 OF THE 96- HOUR LC~ DETERMINED THROUGH BIOASSAY (EPA 1976).
3 . THE ABOVE CRITERIA ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS .
4 . AT GOLD CREEK, 2 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .05 mg./1 .
5. AT TALKEETNA, THE I SUMMER OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 0 .06 mg./ I.
6 . AT SUNSHINE ,2 SUMMER OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0.0~ mg. /1. 1. (t) =TOTAL RECOVERABLE .
•
SOUIICE ' U!>GS DATA SUMMARY- NICKEL (t) FIGURE £ .2 . 117
.ra .• .• •• • • • •
0 .30
' 0 0 .20 .! 0 .., > ...J 0 Cl)
!!!
010 ~ c
N
0 z N
I.
-- . 0 .00
0 0 3 0 3 3 13 0 0 0 v G c T s Sll 0 v
SUMMER
.. -
I 0 5 I 9 0 0 G c T s ss 0 v
WINTER
- -
0 0 2 0 0 c T s
BREAKUP
-
6 ss
- -·-
e MAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
0-0ENALI V-VEE CANYON 0-GOLO CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS- SUS I TNA STATION
NOTES :
I. CRITERION • LESS THAN 0 .03 m9./l. (McNEELY tl al. 1979).
2. CRITERION • 0 .01 OF THE 96-HOUR LC 50 DETERMINED THROUGH BIOASSY (EPA 1976).
3. THE ABOVE CRITERIA BASED ON HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS.
4 . AT SUSITNA STATION ,8 SUMM~R OBSERVATIONS, 8 WINTER
OBSERVATIONS AND 4 BREAKUP OBSERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .020 "'9 · /1.
5 . AT GOLD CREEK THE I WINTER OBSERVATION WAS LESS THAN 0 .012 mg./ I.
6 . (d): DISSOLVED
DATA SUMMARY- ZINC (d) FIGURE E.2 . 118 SOUIICE USGS
' ~ ~ w ...J CD
"" Ct: w > 0 u w Ct:
...J
"" ..... 0 ..... ~
c: N
u z N
.II .II .II II II II • II - - - -
0 .30
0 .20
0.10
1.--
- 4 0.00
0 0 6 0 II 6 ~~
0 0 I 0 5 D v G c T s D v G c T
SUMMER WINTER
II II II II
- --
-
-
I 9 0 0 0 0 3 s ss 0 v G c T
BREAKUP
II
0 6 s ss
II II II
fl MAXIMUM
MEAN
e MINIMUM
NO. OF OBSERVATIONS
LOCATION
0- DENALI V-VEE CANYON G-GOLD CREEK C-CHULITNA T- TALKEETNA S- SUNSHINE SS -SUSITNA STATION
NOTES:
I. CRITERION : LESS THAN 0 .03 mv./ I. (McNEELY et ol. 1979).
2. CRITERION: 0 .01 OF THE 96-HOUR LC 50 DETERMINED THROUGH BIOASSAY (EPA 1976).
3. THE ABOVE CRITERIA ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT FRESHWATER AQUATIC ORGANISMS .
4 . AT SUSITNA STATION, I SUMMER OBSERVATION AND 2 WINTER 08SERVATIONS WERE LESS THAN 0 .020 mv./1.
5. (!)=TOTAL RECOVERABLE.
DATA SUMMARY- ZINC (t)
II
OUIIC£ ' USGS FIGUitf E. 2 . 111
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'I 1952 Auc ll-19 Set•t J-9 6'156 119H 19S2 Au~ 20-26 S.. )lt )-9 6100 91111 ( 195) Auc 6-U Sept )-9 r.n72 Rn~ 1?53 Aur, 13-19 Sf! pt J-9 (,016 978l
1'154 Aua 13-19 Auc 20-26 II 'Jill 112(1\ I 'J ~I, Aut: ll- 19 Aug 20-26 11194 11?1111 1955 Auc 6-12 . Auc 27-5e 11t Z 22931 111117 1955 Au.: 20-26 Auc 27-St!Jit 2 2:!126 9192 I 'J5(• July 29-Aua S Aug 6-12 l5'1R2 11212 1956 Ju I y 29-Auc S Aug r1-l2 1Sl95 9000 1957 Auc 27-5ept 2 Sel>t 10- 16 84)0 U929 19S7 Au1: 27-Sept 2 Sept 10-16 7S7l 9706 1958 ""• lJ-19 Aul: 20-26 5HO 81115 19SA Aug 13-19 Aug 20-26 49U 11971) 1959 Aua 6-12 Aut: 2 7-5e pt 2 24000 113'.15 1'.15'.1 Alit: 20-26 Aug 27-St•tlt 2 24000 'JZOI 1960 Auc 13-19 S..j>t 10-16 153119 U91o9 1960 Sl!)lt 3-9 St!l•t 10-16 14530 9~011
1961 Oct l-7 Aua 20-26 9524 Ill ~1 5 1961 Auc 13-19 o\uc 20-Uo IS7 J 8 11'11' l 1962 July 29-Aua 5 July 29-Aua S 13600 11101 1962 Ju I y 29-Aua S Aug 2 7 -St!t•t 2 105/ol .. I••" 1963 July 29-Aull 5 Auc 6-12 12'139 U21llo 1963 July 29-Auc 5 Auc 6-12 UIH 11 '1'11 1964 Aug 6-12 Aug 27-!ie)>t 2 3\00 llJJ6 196/o Aua ll- 19 s,,,,t 10-16 740 911111 19115 Auc 6-12 lil!11t 24-JO 10910 10 l lo9 191.5 Aut: 20-26 Se)lt 24-30 9'1)6 lt11, 191i6 ~t 1-7 So!Jil l-9 70/o 3 11911 l91i(. Oct 1-7 Aug 27-!'oc!t•t 2 6242 ') 11·1 1'.1117 Auc 6-12 Auc ll-19 21o000 11252 1%1 Aut: 6-12 Auu 13-19 21,0(10 'HII, /1
1968 Aug 6•12 Aua 27-:;.opt 2 2'157 11)36 1968 Aul: 1)-19 o\ua: 21-fJo, pt 2 711 'J I '• l 1969 Auc 6-12 Aul: 20-26 2401 IIMS 1969 Aur. 6-12 Auc 2U-2f• l.'oO') .,,,n 1910 Au& ll-H Aur. 10-1 6 llti'J 9305 19 70 Auu 27-Sept 2 Sl!pt 10-16 2?6 11)19:1 1971 Auc 13-19 Ani: ll-19 21'·25 UH4 l ?71 Aur, ll-19 Aut: I 3-19 l911l'f '"l lJ ;. 1972 Au11 1>-12 Aut: 20-26 9 12') 8194 1972 Auc 20-2'1 Au11 2(•-211 H64 11'1 /9 197) Aua 6-12 Sc)ot 10-16 ISH ?020 I ')7) Auc IJ-1' So.')•f I 0-16 (,')~ 61 , . ~! .,
1974 Aug 6-12 Au.: 20-26 1612 U376 1974 Aug 13-19 Aul: 20-211 ISO? ~11'1
197S Aut: fl-12 Se l't 10-16 7536 11927 1'1H Au~; I J-19 Sell[ 10-16 6(.111 'J/114 1976 Au" 13-19 !;o!JI[ )0- 16 1'.1711 9015 1976 Auc 20-26 Sl!tlt 10-16 1114 9"!1•) 1971 Auc 6-12 Aut: 20-26 671J) 8 191 1\171 Ant: 77-Srpt 2 !;.! pt 11-23 2000 9 71o? 1978 Aua 6-12 Aut: 2 7-~!jlt 2 11110 8511 1978 Ant: 20-u. An~; 27- !loqot 2 962 ') )JH
1919 Auc ll-19 Alit: 13-19 (,')1,1, Ill 'J2 I 'J7'.1 A111: IJ-19 '"'I! 21•-26 5372 H'l11 1980 July 29-Aua ~ Aul: 6-\2 II 310 112110 19111) Ano: (o-\2 Aut: 1 J-1'1 9H7 11 '111)
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WEEl<l.. Y RESERVOIR OPERATION
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MAY 1 WATER WEEK NUMBER 11A)( (I'U1 C:~E VAL YE RELEASE I CFS I
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wEEt<L Y RESERVOIR OPERC:H tON
5U6lTIIA OENE~T I~ - ~TANA
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WATER WEEK NUMBER 11~)( I MUI1 CCI-IE VALVE REt. t::ASE I CFS I ·
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15 20 25
CASE C - INSTRt:nt1 FL~ RED .
WEEKLY RESERVOJH OPERIH tON
SUS I HJA CENt:: RAT I ()-l - ~AT~IA
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WATER WEEK NUMBER 11AXINUM CCJ-IE V~LVE RELEASE I CFS I·
CONE V~VE RELEASE <CrS>-WET YEAR
CO"-E Vf:\...VE HELEASE <CFS>-IWERAJE YEAR
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CASE C - Il-lS T Rf.:nt1 FLO~ RE Q.
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SUSllt~A OENERAT iCI" - ~IATANA
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Morphological and Hydrological Features - Watana Reservoir
Elevation (maximum surcharge level) (normal maximum level) (minimum operating level)
Normal Drawdown
Live Storage
Maximum Surface Area
Maximum Length
Maximum Depth
Mean Depth
Gross Storage (total volume)
Shoreline Length
Mean Hydr.tulic Residence Time
Drainage Basin
Mean Riv~r Inflow
Peak Flood Inflows
PMF
10,000 yr.
50 yr.
25 yr.
Tailwater Elevation
2201 MSL (671 m) 2185 MSL (666 m) 2065 MSL (630 m)
120 feet (36.6 m)
3.7 X 106 acre-ft. (4.6 X 109 m3)
38,000 acres (60 mi 2)
approx. 48 miles (77 km)
735 ft. (223 m)
250 ft. (76 m)
9 . 5 X 106 acre-ft. (11 . 7 X 109m3)
183 miles (295 km)
1. 65 years
5,180 mi . 2 (13,416 km2)
326,000 CFS (9,226 mJs-1)
156,000 CFS (4,415 mJs-1)
87,000 CFS (2,462 mJs-1)
76,000 CFS (2,151 m3 s-l)
1455 ft. MSL (443.5 m)
Morphological and Hydrolog_ical Features - Devil Canyon Reservoir
Elevation (maximum surcharge level) (normal maximum level) (minimum operating level)
Normal Drawdown
Live Storage
Maximum Surface Area
Maximum Length
Maximum Depth
Mean Depth
Gross Storage (total volume)
Shoreline Length
Mean Hydraulic Residence Time
Drainage Basin
Mean River In f low
Peak Flood Inflows
PMF
10 , 000 yr .
50 yr .
25 yr .
Tailwater Elevation
1466 MSL (446 . 8 m) 1455 MSL (443.5 m) 1405 MSL (428.2 m)
50 ft. (15.2 m)
350,000 acre-ft. (432 X 106m3)
7,800 acres (12 mi. 2)
26 mi. (42 km)
565 ft. (171 m)
140 ft. (42 m)
76 mi. 023 km)
approx. 60 days
345,000 CFS (w/Watana)
165,000 CFS (w/Watana)
39,000 CFS (w/Watana)
37,800 CFS (w/Watana)
850 ft. MSL
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1 ,. ..... , .
..
fipre 7-11 Types of inflow into lakes and reservoirs. (From Wunderlich, W. 0 .: The dynamics of density-stratified reservoirs. In Hall, G. E ., ed., Reservoir Fisheries and Limnology. W>~shington,
D.C .. American Fisheries Society, 1971.)
Table
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
Key Limnological Limitations for Water Quality
Temperature
Turbidity
Depth
Large Volume vs. Small Surface Area
Large Volume for Dilution of Leachates
Short Average Hydraulic Residence Time
Surface Withdrawal of Water (Predominately)
Long and Narrow with Small Surface for Wind Circulation -better sedimentation of particulates
Sediment "Blanket" Effect
Very Small Littoral Zone
Little or no Human Induced Nutrient Additions
Table
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
Estimated Water Quality Characteristics of Susitna Hydroelectric Project Reservoirs
Trophic Status
Phytoplankton Standing Crop Phytoplankton Density Chlorophyll a
Dominant Phytoplankton
Euphotic Zone (1% PAR)
Total Organic Carbon
Total Biologically Available P
Total Nitrate Nitrogen
Total Suspended Solids
pH
Alkalinity
Conductivity
Dissolved Oxygen
Ultraoligotrophic-to-Oligotrophic (slight upsurge for@ 10 yrs.)
<l.Omg m- 3
<1.0 cm3 m- 3
<0.25mg m- 3
Bacillariophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceae O.lm ---> 4.0m
l0-200mgC m- 2
day- 1
Slight Increase (5-10 yrs) --->then Decrease
( 20 ugl- 1
<250 ugl- 1
0-300 mgl-' (at present estimate)
7.0+
65 mg CaCO,s
150 umhos cm- 2
8 . 0+ ; 50-100% saturation
.-----------------------------------------------·-SURFACE WATERS EXHIBIT-E
.-----------------------------------------------------·~
Paint-
.,
lAKES Rivers
.... ../ I
I -/
-/
I / •
Yen1"•-
BELUGA-
--.- \
....., _.~ -
EKLUTNA
.._.. _ . /
CHAKACHAMNA
' -Belup INNER GEORGE
UPPER GEORGE KENIBUNA- -Chakach•tne
-McArthur --Kustetan- -Chichloon Swan10n
- -Big _Placer
. CRESCENT HIDDEN . ;::::::=UPPER TRAIL
• -; J I/ ,.---GRANT I . PTARMIGAN
SKI~K ~"--KENAI . _ ~COOPER _ TU~TUMENA . UPPER RUSSIAN
Crescent Kenei
CRESCENT-Kasilof-
Ninilchll-
·'' Foa- ----
Anchor- - - ·-BRAOLEY · -.
. ·. .. . . .; ... _:._:
I . . . .... ·-. .: ·-..:._-
13
' c
!:
• r
I '
Table
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
Some Estimated Downstream Water Quality Trends :
Settleable Solids
TSS
Turbidity
Nutrients:
1. Phosphorus Total BAP-Organic BAP-Inorg .
2. Organic Carbon Labile Refractory
3. Oxygen
4. Nitrogen
Most Metals
Conductivity
SuDDDer May - September
Much Less
Much lower
Lower
Much Less More Little Change
Less More Less
Little Change
Less
Much Less
Higher
With - Project vs. Natural
Winter October - April
More
Much Higher
Much Higher
Much More More Little Change
Higher More More
Little Change
More
More
Lower
Total Dissolved Solids (slight increase during trophic upsurge, then more seasonally stabilized)
FACTORS AFFECTING PRIMARY PRODUCTION
NUTRIENTS
HEAVY METALS
TURBIDITY/LIGHT PENETRATION
VELOCITY
SUBSTRATE STABILITY
TEMPERATURE
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT LOAD
CONCLUSIONS
NUrRIENTS WILL REMAIN ABUNDANT
PRIMARY PRODUCTION IS PRESENTLY LIMITED BY LIGHT AND VELOCITY
PRIMARY PRODUCTION MAY INCREASE UNDER POST-PROJECT CONDITIONS BECAUSE OF LOWER, MORE STABLE FL~S AND DECREASED TURBIDITIES
TABLE 1. 1
Watana Reservoir Eklutna Lake
Surface Area 37, 800 acres 3427 acres
Maximum Dept h 860 feet 208 feet
Drainage Area 5, 180 sq . mi. 111 sq. mi .
Average Annual Inflow 5, 880,000 acre-ft 234, 300 acre-ft
Average Residence Time 1. 65 years 1. 77 years
% Glaciated Drainage Area 5 .9% 5 . 2%
"'""') I -« .
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U~WU•H .. flU
EKLUTNA LAKE PROFIL'E FIGURE 4
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT 18 JUNE 82 SOURCE: RAM CONSULT ANTS, INC. ( 1982b)
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t•ousa••• ., "u EKLUTNA LAKE PROFILE FIGURE 8
(o4)
~ ....... , ... , , •• • l fl
. (.;)
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SUSPENDED SEDIMENT 14 OCT 82 SOURCE: RAM CONSULT ANTS. INC. ( 1982b)
PAt I • ' I " t 6) t •1u t r l +'l .. o• f \0* - -- ----- '" I'
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~--------------------------------------------------------~
~----------------- 2.0 --------------------------------------------~
,, 3 .0
--- TEMPERATURE oc u.L.!j.\ .. , 00 ·;.
~ it I 1- 3.2
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"
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EKLUTNA LAKE PROFILE FIGURE 8
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT 11 JAN 83 SOURCE: RAM CONSULTANTS. INC. ( 1882b)
....
Mineral Species
Augite
Quartz
Diatoms
Muscovite
Mixed Feldspars
Iron Oxides
I Ilmenite
Calcite
Zircon
Pyri te
. s5/ y
TABLE 4 . 2
PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
0o of Total Sediment
Susitna River at
Gold Greek
5 - 10
15 - 20
5 19 - 20 25 - 30
10 - 15
5
- 2
3 - 5
4 - 9
Eklutna Lake
Compos ite
5 15 - 20
1 - 2 15 - 20 30 - 35
4 - 8
3
2 - 3
HI til·: Sl'l'f.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
J3
l4
1':::s n~.J/1
0 IIWR
'l'Urb tfttl
t ·' .
~~ ;(''
'.1':'5 n·,j/1
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SETI'LlK; OOUJt.t-1 TI::SIS
6 IIC\JR 12 IKX.IR 24 IIOUR 48 amn
·rurb !?.s TSS '1\tcb ~n'U '1' • allj/1 !Ifill
TSS 'fo rb n•j/1 tli\J
·rss 'lurb nq/ 1 Nl't l
6,280 1,200 .sa 2 , 3:to 2,900 v> 2,060 2,2oo 1."'' 1,260 1,900 ,.(' 1,2.:10 1,5oo 1.11
72 anm
TSS '1\Jrb llllj/1 NN
~~ ~,
780 1 , 50fl ,,11'1
53,8oo 14,200 , , ,. 1s,3oo 1,100 o·"~ 4,1oo 5,4oo , .~ 1 1,8oo 2, 9oo u' 800 1 1 700 ;.1. .\ I 620 1,200 \.'1'1
11,200 6,700 .~o 3,410
33,500 !0,700 ,!>,.. 5,310
5,480
8,100
17,200
)) , 700
12,700
18,100
3,030
5,300 . "1 3,990
3,100 · '' 4,250
6,300 . 31 2,760
6,100 . of) 2,900
7,900 .I.'J 2,710
7 ,400 .'II 4,950
2,700 l, 1,7UO
20,700 8,500 ,'\\ 6,550
27,901) 10,200 .1" 1,-170
6,500 \ ·' 4,000
6,800 ,.~· 2,691)
4,200 ,,.s 3,260
2,300 ,.s" 1,850
2,800 \ . ,, 1, 730
3,600 \.1~ 2,290
4,800 t.'l'\ 1,130
5,600 , .• ~ 3,770
2,400 ,,.,~ 1,470
6,800 J,fl'\ 4,180
1,800 1.'-" 490
25,6oo 11 ,1oo : •1 10,4oo 6,8no •. "s 534
5,300 J. ~~ 3,600
4,000 J.'l1 1,430
' 1 2,900 o., 1,840
1,600 ,)} 1' 1,410
2,200 1.71 1,320
2,500 1.01 1 , 850
2,100 ,., (, 700
5,1oo t. }r 3,480
1, 700 j.l L 1,2110
5,300 ). 1'} 2,180
690 , .~, 200
630 j.Jl 232
5,200 I·'''' 3,400
2,300 j. ~ D 540
2,900 • • 1 1,280
1,100 o.V· 1,no
2,000 ,.o. 1,030
2,500 ,, }l 1,590
1,280 •. ~.:s 330
5,100 ...... 2,430
2,000 t.r• 1,350
4,300 l.'l'l 1,840
330 ,, ,f 52.3
4,700 i. J .. 2,800
1,300 !·''' 190
2,300 /.'11 1,000
1,100 11 .'1'1 810
1,6oo ,,._c 1,16o
1,900 /. II 1,ll0
600 J,l ') 100
3,600 ,,.,, 2 , 290
2,600 "' ~ 1 ,170
3,100 /.t.i. 1,110
180 $.'' '1 ~2 .9
370 1.0 611. 8 no 1. ,.~ 35 .2
3,700
1 , 400
1 ,700
1,200
1 , 980
1 , 200
420
3,000
2,(11'10
2 , 4r.o
110
45
I. 'J~
•p1-
J.10 , ... ~ I. '11 , .. ~ t·'~
t.SI '·1.' J . .l L
1·· Sl.
/. 1.1
jl()(CIJ- 8,610 4,300 ~~/'2,830 2,800 O_j~.~,6J0 2,30~ !..'11 · 873 1,500 J .~! ? 740 1,400 /. f'J- I 651 1,300 ~, p1ne ,. • ro I - :1. {, • I r r -· \
t1 "h1::. ·' · •3f ~ l . ll l ;f= \. \1"· ' ' J'l1' ' ......:~~ · --·-· --- -- -- -·- -- ' ,1 • \ ~ / l-l•le : '1'1 ..:: va l l!('!: l1:.;t·i~d ul <•ve <.1..: d \''" "<J': v;ol•tcs of t t., Cf,)p;,., I-Orl f: t:<•••·J"l •<l. " ' 'r , ,.
twc c;.g.; \ :liUf:S f<Jr l'orL:•·l,jn;. Cro.;::!: li s ted uoclf. l 6 l.our a 11d 17. l.ot1c :I~·(C ::,.,.,::.l c. i a L 4 au:l 7 1'101 . s , re:o1:ec:ti ·:~~ t y.
'l'f,tal SW-if"~uc.kcl Soli• 1~ drd Turhi d i t y value!' f or. J>(".ro..llpjnc Cr E-•:k a Her 5'28 i.ours ( 2:! clit~·sl ar~ 1 :!0 111'1'1 and 39(1 tiiU, CCllilCCLive1y. N'tV/ _ r
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t t [
1,000 l I
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100 l ' i
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TU~81DITY
1 " / N )f;~
- l --
1.000 (T), NTU
. -.,
~AM CQNCfULT""NTD,INC.
~ . . ~s I , ~'S
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10,000
s::::L~TiC~SHl? :::~7'~~iE:~N 11J:;;S~OITY t~r·,~D TOTAL SUSP:::i\lDID ~OL!DS l
., _"'~
6-6 -62
SETTLING POND DC: ~A ONSTRATI ON PROJ ECT
· : r:A ~c AS St-'OWN
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Table 1
Mercury Physical and Chemical Characteristics
Item
Atomic weight
Melting point
Boiling point
Solubility in water
Specific gravity @ 20° C
Vapor pressure @ 20° C
Oxidation states
43011 2
200.59
-38.87° c 356-358° c
practically insoluble, 25 ppb as Hg
13.546
0.0012 mm Rg
H0, Hg+, Hg++
. ~ ......
\*~0 ..
Selected Thoughts about Possible Limited Potential for Susitna Induced Mercury Bioccumulation
1. Limited Fishery in Reservoirs
2. Limited primarily to resident fish - Downstream
3. Other "problem" reservoirs are:
Shallower
Warmer
Richer Trophic Status
- Inund.3ting much organic debris
- Accelerates microbial metabolism
More light and labile organic material for microbial metabolism to cycle and possibly for CH
3llg
SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
Status of Construction Permits Water Quality Protection
July 30, 1984
Applications Submitted
Hydroelectric License FERC NPDES EPA Determination of Consistency
w/Coastal Mgt. Program OMB-DGC Section 401, Cert. of Reas. Assurance
w/Water Quality ADEC
Apolications Pending
Section 10, Rivers & Harbor Act Section 404, Clean Water Act Solid Waste Management
Wastewater Disposal
AS 16.10.010, Work in Anad. Streams AS 16.10.020, " " " AS 16.05.87G, " " " Approval to Construct/Operate
(Potable Water) Toxic & Hazardous Waste Mgt., incl.
Contingency Planning
Material Acquisition
COE COE ADEC MSB EPA ADEC MSB EPA ADEC ADHSS ADF&G
ADEC
EPA ADEC BLM ADNR CIRI
TASKS
I . COMMENTS ON DEIS AND FEIS
2. WORKSHOPS I SETTLEMENT PROCESS
a. ~2¥~XN;:ft"6aA0:M •A. riL!'..,~r.,~w
STUD!ES 48 . FLOW AELATIONS-S
COMPOSITING
I &A. ~~tn=~~~~L MP AISOHS
59. POWER ANALYSIS
8. RECOMMENDED FLOW AEGIM£S REPORT
1. AQUATIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT
8. FLOW NEGOTIATIONS i. FEAC HEARINGS PAEPAAA TION
:E . UACES
A TAT
13A. MIDDL~ RIVER SPAWNING SURVEYS
138. LOWER AlYEA SPAW- SURVEYS
14. ~!f:~.E~ ~J fi~ sruoy
15A. LOWER AlYEA SALMON ESCAPEMENT
~ JU ~ FROM
II . ~ ;t~:'l,S FROM A AIV A
11. ~v JMOUE":8Y
18. SUSPENOED SEo.IENT TURBIDITY STUOIES
li. *n~~"""'&' 20. LOAD FOLLOWING
AL TEANATIVE 21 .~~
..,.., ,._f"\, ~ f"Hurn u •erY•••
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FY 85 AQUATIC
PROGRAM WORK PLAN AND ISSUES
~>- ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ '/J J' ~ ~>-R., '/J~ ~"'
~~,J !§.~~~~~~ - ~ /1' /1' R/ "' ... • l "' I ,t /1' ~~I /1' >-._o~ /J'~~~t ,_>- a '.! /-~ f ~ ~~ ... /"0~ I_/~ fl"-~ lrf~'<IJJ::.;~I&~~~~~~ i ~~ ~1
J'l~ Z~l~~~~~ .. I.~~J~~.r lijiJ/ 7 1(,' (j t...'"',. ~(,,.. 0, "':0 "'~.c.'., ,.~ t.t:"' "'1(:0 CJ.""'l(· ""'~c.'' 0 tc.' I{
• • -. • • • • • ~ • • • • --.-~ t • ~ • • • -4 r 4 • l J 4 • • 4 • • • 4 ~ 4 • • 4 • • • • • I • -.- l ~ • ~ • ~ • ~ • ~ t 4 • ~ ~ • • • .-• • • ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ • 4 • 4 • ~ ~
4 • 4 t • • 4 ~ ~ ~
4 • 4 • • ~ • 4 t ~ • 4 • ~ ~ ~ • 4 ~ ~ ~ • • ~ • J r 4 t ~ r J • ~
4 t 4 I 4 • 4 t 4 ~ • 4 • ~ • 4 4 ~ • ~ I 4 • 4 • 4 • • • 4 • • ~ ~
• 4 • • 4 • • l t 4 t ~ • ~ t ~ • ..
I '· D£18'A..O'~e'ia' 2
. SETTL£MEHT ~"CESS • • • • • • • • 3· ~2Yt.,Tri.,:"OoR'fw
.A. =r ~ ~ • • • • S' UOIES
•B. ~~C:OSITINO ~ t • OA. ~ • • 4 ~ ~ I ~ ~
e . R:OIWES REPOA~LOW ~ • 4 •• • ~ ~ 7. A~~!~C ~~ACT te I •• • • • • • • 4 ~- • a . FLOW~- ·~·~ I ~ I t 4 ~ a. F~fiCHE~s
~ ~ ~ I •• -• •-• • • • 4 ~ 4 10.
~c I ' ~ ~ I ~ 4 t [TI."
4 t ~ ~ • • ~ ~ 4 t 12.
1!\.\fi.V~~BITAT 4 ~ 4 ~ • I ~ o3A. :'!~!OO:v:i:..vm 4 ~ I ~ 4 ' IJ!. ~~:::,o:~V~VEYS ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ o•. ~fe:u~ STOOY ~ ~ • • ~ ~ ~ t 15A. ~~~R RIVER 4 ' I ~ ~ ~ 15B. lli~ ~OVER
4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~w
4 ~ 4 ~ • ~ ~ I ~ ;~t..S FROW 4 ~ 4 ~ • I ~ ~ ~ . ~=: -~!';;~~- 4 ~ I ~ • • 1
e . TURBIDITY STUDIES I ~ • ~ 1V. ~alt~nt>lr.AI ~ ~ ~ t • ~ • 20. L~~:.~+.2:-" t 4 ~ ' 21.~~ t 4 ~ 22. :'A~RIV.:~:IIITIA1 t 4 ~ 23- :co::~~ • 2• . ~~~!'-~·~.~~. 4 ~ • 25
' AVA~~ITY STUOIEB ~ t ~ ~ 2e . R!,':!!'!_~~ STUDIES ~ t 4 ~ • 4 t 2 ~-IU!!!o:~ AT
~ ~ ~ ~ • ~
4 t ~ ~
~ t • • • ~ t • 30. =-=~u~o 4 ~ 4 ~ 3 I. •~ ..... T~"M PLAN • 32- ~~ATUR£ • • 33- ~~~EAW 4 ~ • I ao. fffBit 4 ~ • • I 35
. ACt;EIIS ~ 4 ~ • l 3e. ~~;~T~~s~:O 4 ~ • • I 37 ....nciA T10H ST\JOES • 31. ::::"'-ACT • • • • 38. ~~·~-· "~~- "-" • • • • • l4o.: 1 rra1 -• • r-rr.' ~!.¥1.~._ .... • 42. [~':!.!!~ !li • • 43. • ... QF • • .cilir'Eitl.\ . v"~ <7 . ~~_!IL~ ~~~:~AIIII.In • • 5
I. ~::~~.=~~\ENTIAl • 52. ~~~~c'JT.~UE • I
SUSITNA HYDRO AQUATIC STUDIES
Pr~SE II BASIC DATA REPORT
Volume 4 : Aquatic Habitat and I n s t r e am F 1 ow S t u d i e s , 1 9 8 2 .
Parts I and II
ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies
2207 Spenard Road Anchorage, Alaska 99503
1983
..
(/)
w (/)
IZO
ct 115 (!)
0 w > _, 0 (/)
(/) 110 0 1&.. 0
z 0 i= ct a: :::1 1-<l (/)
1-z
105
w 100 u a: w (l.
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"' \ _,.,·, / \
· .. /
' ' ' \ \
\ \
\ \
Gold Creek Discharge=32 . 3
.. - .- .- .- ·,- .- .- .- . - .-,.,.·- --..-< -
- ·- - ·:--- -Gold Cree:.
9 5 I ( I I l I l I ( I 'l I I I ~ I I l l l l ( I <a I ; I { l I l I f...L..---r----,
Total gas saturation Nitrogen saturation Oaygen saturation • Hashmarks indicate
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13
-and . . . .. . MILES ABOVE MOUTH OF PORTAGE CREEK
areas of rapids .
Figure 41-3-55 . Concentrations of dissolved gases in Devil Canyon rapids complex .
14
120
c: 110 0
109 -0 108 ~
:II - 107 0 Cl)
106 -c: ., 105 u ~ .,
104 a.
103
102 5
Figure 41-3-54.
I.
•.
2 - 98 r - .
-b= .Q54 r2 : . 96
L=7 -b= . 082 , 2 =.97
I I I I I 10 15 20 25 30 35 miles be low Devil Canyon
Percent concentration of total dissolved gas versus distance below the Devil Canyon proposed dam site.
'·'~.:
85o I r2 = 0 .711 linear
; 8401 ~ r2 =0.713 log
0 > >- 830 0 0 c 0 .. ~ 820
lit 0 (!)
-0 810 -0 ....
II
:>-... ;;)
u :; 800 :I -0
E
E 790
.•t.
780 ' 10,000 12,500 15,000 17,500 20.000 22,500 25.000 Z7,500 30,000 32,500
Mean Doily Discharge ot Gold Creek { CFS)
Figure 41-3-56. Mean daily discharge versus saturometer readings below Devil Canyon.
Dissolved Gas below Devil Canyon Gold Creek Discharge Versus Olss. Gas
11~ -----------------
113
112
c: 110 0 - ""' -e; - -~-G~· :I .. 1j : 108 en~
II~ 107 0 •
""" ~ ( 108 c:~ ~ ~ 105
:. 10 ...
103
1 02·
101
100;.------~-----.------~------.-----~~-----.------~~
200 400 600 BOO 1000 1200 1400
.) :ss . Gcs 11me (Hours from B/1 0/83) -- Discharge · - - Temoer-at....Jre
:1
,, \ 16 ()'
If
ll.
/0
9
jL 1' 1
·1, ..
,
* Dissolved Gas near Gold Creek Gold Creek Dl•charge Versus Dfaa. Gas .. ! . ;
· It '
128---
1'1- I " 1 ~4 ·. 122 .\l,~- I I ' 120
" .! • 'r
" ' f t
\.!.
6
~
fi = e :J ~
0 en 1: ~ u
D.
118
118
114
112
110
108
108
104
..
,, 102~----------~------------~----------~------------~--24tl 480 720 960
He~ura (Since 1 600 Hra. - 6/5/84) Disch . -- D . Gas -- Temp.
~
" ~
'' 1 ~ ~J
'" ~ ~
I
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