33rd Annual Airport Conference NextGen 101: An overview of strategies, technology and concepts

1Federal AviationAdministration

Mid Term Architecture Briefingand NextGen Implementation 1Federal Aviation

AdministrationMid Term Architecture Briefingand NextGen Implementation

Federal AviationAdministration

33rd Annual Airport Conference

NextGen 101: An overview of strategies, technology and concepts

NextGenNext Generation Air Transportation System

Presented by: Pamela Whitley Manager, NextGen Solution Integration Group

NextGen 101: Strategies, Technologies and Concepts 2Federal AviationAdministrationMarch 2010

33rd Annual Airports Conference

NextGen 101: Session Overview

Introduction: What is NextGen? - Why is it so important? And, why is now the right time?

Part 1: Strategies for the implementation of the transformation of the entire national air transportation system

Part 2: What are the major technical components of the transition?

Part 3: NextGen: The Airport View


The Current System is not Performing Adequately

• Demand remains high in already congested markets

• Our air traffic system does not utilize current available technologies to:

– Support aviation’s role in the national economy

– Address aviation’s environmental impact

Airport Delays Worsen

By MATTHEW L. WALDAirport Delays Worsen

By MATTHEW L. WALD

…delays at Newark Liberty and

La Guardia are worse.…delays at Newark Liberty and

La Guardia are worse.

Transportation boss tasked to ensure passengers treated fairly

Travel woes continue: ‘We’ve got a problem’



Gate to Gate video

Gate to Gate video


Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Program Plans and Status2Federal Aviation

AdministrationFebruary 28, 2008

Peak Aircraft Traffic Over The US

More than 750 Million Passengers in 2006

The Need for NextGen… NAS OperationsNAS Operations


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If We Do Nothing… Delays Increase *

Delays projected using ATO Network ForecastsAssumes weather in 2012 and 2016 the same as 2006* Projections assume no capacity improvements


Click to View Video: Gate-to Gate

Aviation’s Impact on the U.S. Economy Drives the Importance of NextGenThe growth of the U.S. economy and civil aviation are vastly interrelated

For calendar year 2007

- $12 billion aviation-related jobs - $1.3 trillion in economic activity - 5.6 percent of Gross Domestic

Product

Current system constraints contribute to continued congestion despite the decrease in traffic.

NextGen will deliver system efficiencies during all phases of flight to address congestion and environmental concerns, while maintaining our focus on safety.


Trends show that environmental impacts from aircraft noise and emissions need to managed or mitigated to increase airspace capacity and flexibility --

Minimize the Environmental ImpactMore efficient aircraft movement will reduce the environmental impact

Increased efficiency with NextGen will

lead to reduced fuel consumption,

resulting in lower carbon emissions.

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NexGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 1

Objective: Provide an overview of FAA Strategies’ for the implementation of the transformation of the national air transportation system

1. Implementation of Portfolio Management2. Strategic Plans includes Research and

Development of concepts and new capabilities3. Alignment: Air Traffic Management, Airports,

The Aircraft4. Partnership: Government and Industry working

together


Portfolio Management FrameworkEnabling Activities: Seven Portfolio’s of activities focused on implementation of capabilities

Trajectory Based

Operations

Investment Decisions, Procedures, Requirements, Programs, Procedures, Benefits Data

Flexible Terminals

and Airports

Reduced Weather Impact

Collaborative Air Traffic

Management

High Density Airports

Facilities

Applied Research System Development Prototypes Demonstration Concept Requirement Definition and more

Acquisition ProgramsAcquisition Programs

NextGen Transformational Programs

Legacy Programs

Acquisition ProgramsAcquisition Programs

NextGen Transformational Programs

Legacy Programs

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Portfolio Management FrameworkAlignment between the NAS Enterprise Architecture and the Project Plan

Service Roadmaps

Functional Allocation

Infrastructure Roadmaps

Supporting Activities

NextGen Work Plan


Air Traffic ControlThe Journey… to 4D Trajectory Based Operations

Surveillance Based Control: Control on Where We Know the

Aircraft Is

Procedural Based Control:

Control on Where We Think the Aircraft Is

Trajectory Based Control: Control on Where We Know

the Aircraft Will Be

• Landmark Navigation

• Radio Beacons

• Position Reports

• VOR/DME

• RADAR

• Performance Based Navigation

• Aircraft Position Information


AirportsIntegrated Planning to maximize system efficiency

FY10: Integrate FACT Solutions with FAA Plans Complete Airport Action Plans and coordination Incorporate analyses of surface, gates, airspace Previously identified by industry stake holders and others (e.g., GAO) as needing more

detail

Integrate FACT results with broader FAA plans NAS Enterprise Architecture, NextGen Implementation Plan, etc.

Prepare public report on FACT accomplishments Formally completes FACT 1/2 analyses from problem ID to solution integration

Post-FY10: FACT 3 Update the NAS-wide analysis of constrained airports Expanded scope –include taxiways, gates, airspace Integrated assessment of potential bottlenecks and solutions Initial look at curb-to-gate issues


Aircraft EquipageEquipage is a Critical Component of the Implementation


Integrated Planning and Prioritization for DeploymentAirspace and Procedures, Technology and Equipage

JFK

OAK

LAX

SFO

MIA

SEA

ATL


NextGen CollaborationFAA Response to RTCA Task Force Recommendations

• Integrated airspace & procedures

•Parallel runway operations

•Converging runway operations

•Consideration of equipage incentives

• Streamlined procedures, deployment & approvals

Overarching

Cross-Cutting

NAS Access

Surface

Runway Access

Metroplex

• LPV approaches• Low altitude services

•Data Comm• Integrated ATM

• Improved situational awareness

• Shared surface data

• Special Activity Airspace•Time-based meteringCruise

Indicates FAA has published an action plan in response the recommendations in this focus area. Indicates FAA has published an action plan in response the recommendations in this focus area.


Integrated NextGen Portfolio ManagementIn order to integrate an NextGen investment management framework that is applicable to all initiatives

the Solution Set Integration Group is implementing a top down PfM approach.

This approach will:• Identify all Enterprise Architecture and strategic goal

dependencies on NextGen Portfolio investments• Allow for portfolio prioritization based on contribution

to strategy and capability development• Provide a more realistic assessment of investment risk• Allow for robust reporting in context with stakeholder

requirements

NexGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 1 - Summary

1. The FAA has implementation of Portfolio Management Framework that ensures alignment of investments with the NextGen Concept of Operations and optimization of available funding.

2. The FAA is managing seven portfolios of projects called Enabling Activities the focus on evolution concepts, technology and transition planning to support final investment decisions for new technology the enable new operational capabilities.

3. The transition to NextGen aligns planning for Air Traffic Management, Airports, and the Aircraft.

4. Industry recommendations are incorporated in the FAA plans. (RTCA NextGen Mid-Term Task Force Recommendations have been formally addressed http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/nextgen/media/FAA_TASKFORCE_RESPONSE_1-31-2010.pdf).

http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/nextgen/media/FAA_TASKFORCE_RESPONSE_1-31-2010.pdf

http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/nextgen/media/FAA_TASKFORCE_RESPONSE_1-31-2010.pdf

NextGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 2

Objective: Provide an overview of the major technical components of the NextGen

1. What are the Transformational Programs? How is the FAA upgrading an aging infrastructure?

2. What are NextGen capabilities and how are they related to the Transformational Programs

3. What are some key elements of the NextGen Mid-Term?


Transformational Programs

ADS-B


ADS-B

Automatic Periodically transmits information with no pilot or

operator input required

Dependent Position and velocity vector are derived from the

Global Positioning System (GPS)

Surveillance A method of determining position of aircraft,

vehicles, or other asset

Broadcast Transmitted information available to anyone with

the appropriate receiving equipment

Pilot BenefitsTerrain and Moving runway maps

Surface traffic, Weather and Critical flight information Increased Situational Awareness

Pilot BenefitsTerrain and Moving runway maps

Surface traffic, Weather and Critical flight information Increased Situational Awareness


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Today’s ATC Surveillance System

Air Route Surveillance Radar(ARSR-1E, 2, 3, 4)Beacon Interrogator

(BI-5, 6)

Airport Surface DetectionEquipment(ASDE-X)

Airport Surveillance Radar(ASR-7, 8, 9, 11)

Beacon Interrogator(BI-5, 6, Mode-S)

1030 MHz1090 MHz

1030 MHz1090 MHz

1030 MHz

1090 MHz

Traffic Alert & CollisionAvoidance System

(TCAS)

170 sites 35 sites 249 sites

1030 MHz

USG(FAA, DOD, DHS) USG(FAA, DOD, DHS)FAA


ADS-B and Uplink Broadcast Services

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ADS-B “Out” Messages

ADS-B “In”And “Out”

SatNav UsingGPS/WAAS

SBS Radio Stations(~ 800 sites)

SurveillanceData From

MultipleSources

Weather and NAS Status

Data Sources

SBS Service Provider

USG(FAA, DOD, DHS, etc.)

Uplink Broadcasts:- FIS-B Flight Information Service- TIS-B Traffic Information Service- ADS-R ADS Rebroadcast (cross-link)

ReceiveADS-B



DATA Communications (DATA COMM)


HostWARP

IDS/ERIDS

ATOP

CIWS

TFMTMA

STARS/ARTS/TAMR

ERAM

ASDE-X

ETMS

Inter-Agency

Today

- Existing point-to-point, hardwired NAS- Unique interfaces, custom designs

Business as Usual(NextGen without SWIM)

- More unique, point-to-point interfaces- Costly development, test, maintenance, CM- New decisions linked to old data constructs- Cumbersome data access outside of NAS

Enterprise Management

FAA Systems

FTIFTI SWIM

Compliant Government

System

SWIM Compliant

Government System

SWIM Compliant

Non-Government

System

SWIM Compliant

Non-Government

System

SWIM Core Services and

Standards


System Wide Information Management (SWIM)



NextGen Network Enabled Weather (NNEW)

Establishes the Framework to integrate Weather Information for ATMEstablishes the Framework to integrate Weather Information for ATM



NAS Voice Switch (NVS) Provides networked voice communications that supports the

evolution to NextGen operations

Replaces existing voice switches at En Route, Terminal, and support facilities with network-capable switches to enable flexible voice communications

Linkages support sharing of airspace within and across facility boundaries

VOICE VOICEVOICE

High Performance AirspaceUniversal High Altitude Airspace (UHAA)

Mixed Performance AirspaceTraditional Airspace

UAS Pilots

UAS Pilots

UnderlyingCommunications

NetworkNetwork Management Ops Center Air Traffic Center


Some High-lights Improved operations for all users Increased situational awareness Improved flight planning with common access to

real-time information More opportunities to accommodate operator

preferences Pre-departure clearances as well as en route

information will be available via Data Comm Increase use of simultaneous operation on closely

spaced parallel runways Optimize flight profiles including precise arrival

and departure paths will improve safety, capacity, and efficiency

Improved surface data sharing supports safe aircraft and vehicle movement

NextGen 2018Operating in the Mid-Term

More information available at www.faa.gov

NextGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 2 - Summary

1. The FAA is currently upgrading an aging infrastructure. Transformational Programs include: ADS-B, Data Communications, System-wide information management, NextGen Networked Enabled Weather, NAS Voice Switch, and Collaborative Air Traffic Management.

2. NextGen capabilities are increments of operational improvements the build on the infrastructure improvement provided by the Transformational Programs.

3. Some key elements of the NextGen Mid-Term include installation of the ADS-B ground infrastructure, initial Data Communications, improved surface traffic management and more efficient use of the ground resources (ie. runways)

NexGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 3

Objective: Provide an overview of NextGen elements the are inherent to Airports.

1. What are some of the key challenges for the Airport Community?

2. What are some of the efforts underway or planned in the near future?

3. The FAA leveraging the existing infrastructure where appropriate, such as approach lighting, ASDX, aircraft avionics, etc.


Improved Surface OperationsSupports system efficiency and helps balance system capacity and demand

Operational Improvement planned (2010-2015) Improve Runway Safety Situational Awareness for Controllers (OI 103207) Improve Runway Safety Situational Awareness for Pilots (OI 103208) Enhanced Surface Traffic Operations (OI 104207) Initial Surface Traffic Operations (OI 104209)

Benefits – Increases Efficiency: Sequencing and Scheduling Taxi Routing Runway Assignments Airport Configuration Management Departure Routing External Data Exchange Safety


Improve situational awareness for Controllers

• ADS-B/Traffic Information Service Broadcast (TIS-B)

• ASDE-X or Low Cost Ground Surveillance

Improve situational awareness for Pilots

• Moving Map with Own ship information• Runway Status Lights (RWSL)• Enhanced Flight Visions Systems for Taxi &

Surface Movement

Improving Situational Awareness Pilots and Controllers benefit from data sharing and improved aircraft location information


Improving Situational Awareness ADS-B Traffic Information Service (TIS-B)

Advisory information only - provides surveillance information derived from ground-based sensors to aircraft/vehicles equipped with ADS-B avionics

Provides data on non-ADS-B aircraft and aircraft with dissimilar links (UAT and 1090ES) Conserves data link bandwidth

Eliminates need for avionics to identify and suppress ownship “radar shadow”

Multi-sensor fusion tracker does radar/ADS-B association Multiple different sensors

Seamless overlapping coverage

Smooth track and high update rate

Also used to validate ADS-B reported state data

TIS-B messages broadcast to ADS-B transmitting aircraft Below FL250

Within 15 nm and +/3500 ft


Improving Situational Awareness ASDE-X – Airport Surface Detection Equipment

ASDE-X enables air traffic controllers to detect potential runway conflicts by providing detailed coverage of movement on runways and taxiways. By collecting data from a variety of sources, ASDE-X is able to track vehicles and aircraft on the airport movement area and obtain identification information from aircraft transponders.

Sites: All 35 Major Airports before FY10

Benefits: Increases Safety and Efficiency


Improving Situational Awareness Low Cost Ground Surveillance (Prototype)

LCGS is being evaluated as a low cost ground surveillance alternative to ASDE-X to improve situational awareness at airports where deployment of surface surveillance equipment is not currently planned.

Pilot Sites: – Manchester, NH (MHT)

– San Jose , CA (SJC)

– Reno, NV (RNO)

– Long Beach, CA (LGB)

Benefits- Increases Safety and Efficiency


PICTURE OF MOVING MAPHERE

PICTURE OF MOVING MAPHERE

Improving Situational Awareness Surface Moving Maps (R&D)

Electronic Flight Bag with Moving Map with Own ship Augmented GPS technology provides the capability for the

surface moving map (SMM) to show pilots their actual positions (own ship) on the airport surface


Improving Situational Awareness Runway Status Lights (RWSL)

The RWSL system is an array of red lights deployed at taxiway/runway intersections, runway/runway intersections and runway takeoff and hold positions that are automatically driven by airport surface surveillance sensors (ASDE-X, ASDE-3, and ASR-9) to warn pilots and vehicle operators that a runway is unsafe to enter or cross or that it is unsafe to depart.

The RWSL system is an array of red lights deployed at taxiway/runway intersections, runway/runway intersections and runway takeoff and hold positions that are automatically driven by airport surface surveillance sensors (ASDE-X, ASDE-3, and ASR-9) to warn pilots and vehicle operators that a runway is unsafe to enter or cross or that it is unsafe to depart.


Improving Situational Awareness Enhanced Vision Systems (EVS) for Taxi

EVS is being examined for taxi in low visibility conditions

The technology enhances safety and situational awareness in most low-visibility conditions, including night and poor weather, providing the pilot with a significantly enhanced view over that of the human eye

Enhances safety and situational awareness in low-visibility conditions, including night and poor weather, providing the pilot with a significantly enhanced view over that of the human eye.

Enhances safety and situational awareness in low-visibility conditions, including night and poor weather, providing the pilot with a significantly enhanced view over that of the human eye.


Improving Surface Traffic Operations Enhanced Surface Traffic Management

In the mid-term timeframe STM will enable pre-departure clearance via DataComm to include routing revisions, not just initial departure clearances

Benefits - Increased Efficiency

Demonstrations of STM are currently being conducted at Memphis and Orlando (includes initial build of airline data sharing for collaboration capabilities)

Surface Traffic Management (STM) provides situational awareness information to and data exchange among airport stakeholders (ATCT, TRACON, ARTCC, ramp towers, and airline operational control centers). STM displays aircraft surveillance and flight plan information, and generates predictions to provide decision support to the user. Collaborative STM is a critical first step toward Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) on the airport surface

Surface Traffic Management (STM) provides situational awareness information to and data exchange among airport stakeholders (ATCT, TRACON, ARTCC, ramp towers, and airline operational control centers). STM displays aircraft surveillance and flight plan information, and generates predictions to provide decision support to the user. Collaborative STM is a critical first step toward Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) on the airport surface


Surface TBO DemonstrationImproves situational awareness on the airport surface

Dynamic Graphical Display of: Aircraft Positions Departure Queues Arrival Demand Holding Flights (Surface and

Airborne) Closed Taxiways Scheduled Flights

Useful information for ATC: Planning Runway Configurations Runway Assignments Sequencing Gate/Ramp Congestion

Management Taxiway Management

Useful information for Flight Ops: Inbound Arrival Time Prediction Outbound Staging of Flights


Surface TBO Demonstration Enables local sharing of surface data between Flight Operators and ATC

From Flight Operator ATC Parking Gate

Assignment/Spot Scheduled Push-back Time Pre-push-back Status Acceptable CDRs Local Slot Substitutions Gate/Ramp Conflict

Resolution

From ATC Flight Operator Assigned Off Times Predicted On and In Times Runway Assignments Traffic Management

Initiatives Gate/Ramp Conflict Alert


Improve Closely Spaced Parallel Runway OperationsConverging and Intersecting Runway

Current Action Plan

Conduct Analysis to explore expanded use of SATNAV and/or ILS to support CSPO

Conduct analysis of airports to identify additional airports that may meet the published criteria in FAA Order 7110.308 (dependent staggered approaches < 2500’)

Conduct additional engineering studies to evaluate approving additional aircraft for staggered approaches

Benefits- Increase Capacity

Operational Improvement planned (2010-2015)

Improve Closely Spaced Parallel Runway Operations (OI 102141)

NextGen 101: Strategies, Technologies and Concepts 43Federal AviationAdministrationMarch 2010 43

Closely Spaced High-level Objective


Improve Closely Spaced Parallel Runway OperationsConverging and Intersecting Runway

Improvements using SATNAV and wake mitigation procedures (current action plan)

Expands capability for Required Navigation Performance (RNP), Localizer performance with vertical guidance (LPV), and ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) landing system (GLS) for parallel approach applications

Update FAA Order to allow RNAV/RNP/LPV/GLS or ILS for independent operations to 3000 ft

Pending results of the current action plan - SATNAV may provides more options for ATC and operators during instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). These additional options increase the chance of maintaining higher throughput when needed to support the demand


Improved Approaches and Low-Visibility Operations

Benefits Increase access Capacity Efficiency

Operational Improvement planned (2010-2015) GBAS Precision Approaches (OI 107107) EFVS below Decision Altitude to 100 Feet (OI 107117) LPV Approaches (OI 107117) RNP and RNP AR Approaches (OI 107117) Expanded Low-Visibility Operations Using Lower RVR Minima (OI 107119)


Improved Approaches and Low-Visibility Operations GBAS

In September the FAA approved the Honeywell GBAS SLS-4000 design was approved by FAA for use in the NAS, for non-fed Category I

GBAS Cat I Path to implementation includes government industry partnerships to procure ground equipment, site survey and preparation, installation & checkout, facility approval, instrument approach design, flight inspection, avionics integration and user equipage, controller and maintainer training, safety risk management approval, and coordination with all applicable authorities

Currently under demonstration at Newark and Memphis. (Other sites are being examined)

Provides local corrections to GPS in order to improve accuracy, integrity and availability of the navigation service for Category I, and eventually to Category II/III, including those not served by ILS, perhaps due to siting constraints.

Provides local corrections to GPS in order to improve accuracy, integrity and availability of the navigation service for Category I, and eventually to Category II/III, including those not served by ILS, perhaps due to siting constraints.


Improved Approaches and Low-Visibility Operations Enhanced Flight Visual Systems Decision Altitude to 100 Feet

Infrared sensor technology is currently used in EFVS to provide a pilot with an enhanced visual image and allow him/her to see, in certain low visibility conditions, the visual references necessary to continue an instrument approach to 100 feet above the airport surface.

Will further increase access to runways in low visibility conditions when pilots would otherwise be unable to discern the required visual references.


Improved Approaches and Low-Visibility Operations LPV Approaches/ RNP and RNP AR Approaches

Localizer Performance with Vertical GuidanceProviding airports with approaches with vertical guidance capabilities provides significantly increases in access, predictability, and efficiency for aircraft that operate in those locations

RNP and RNP AR ApproachesRNP and RNP AR approaches are performance-based operations that are design to meet the needs of the airspace or airport in terms of efficiency and safety


Total 1800 RVR Approaches/Airports Affected

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

RVR Added

Immediate

Current

370 Additional 1800 RVR Airports

168 + 44

212

202 168+ 44

41444 Total

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

RVRAdded

Immediate

Current

449 Additional 1800 RVR Approaches

224 + 73

297

225 224 + 73

52273 Total

NexGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsPart 3 - Summary

Objective: Provide an overview of NextGen elements the are inherent to Airports.

1. The FAA is addressing many of the challenges faced by the Airport community through the use of new and existing technology.

2. The FAA is working with many stakeholders to implement operational improvements that will improve efficiency and system capacity. Concepts and technology that improve access to airports are essential to the implementation of NextGen.

3. The FAA is leveraging the existing infrastructure where appropriate, such as approach lighting, ASDX, aircraft avionics, etc.


TechnologyDemonstrations LocationsTechnologyDemonstrations Locations

SFO .LAX .

NextGen Test Beds

Surface Management

MEM, JFK,MCO

Tailored ArrivalMIA, LAX, SFO

3D PAMDEN

OceanicMIA

4D FMSTBD

UASKSC

Staffed NextGen TowerDFW

GBASEWR, TEB

CDAMIA, CHS, ATL

Flight ObjectDAB

NexGen 101: Strategies, Technology and ConceptsQuiz

Objective: Increase knowledge of NextGen.

1. What are the Transformational Programs?

2. What are some key elements of the NextGen Mid-Term?

3. Is NextGen only about new technology?

4. Will NextGen happen in one step or will there be improvement made overtime as research results determine that the improvements are operationally beneficial and safe.

5. Partnership is important to NextGen. Name three stakeholders that are important to the implementation to NextGen.


www.faa.gov/nextgenwww.faa.gov/nextgen

• Current version of the NextGenImplementation Plan

• NextGen news and updates

• NextGen videos

• Links to the Enterprise Architecture

• Partnerships

• Career Opportunities

• Business Opportunities

Comments and Questions

Documents

33rd Annual Airport Conference NextGen 101: An overview of strategies, technology and concepts