Esse

ntial

Que

stion

• How did the Middle Colonies develop?

How did the Middle Colonies develop?

What were the beliefs of the Quakers that were

democratic ideals. How were they similar or

different from the Puritans.

OBJ: Identify the

unique economic,

political and social

characteristics of the

Middle colonies by

completing a graphic

organizer with 70%

accuracy.

3.3 Middle Colonies

3.3 – Middle Colonies life / religion / experiences

QUAKERS vs. PURITANS

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

S

e

c

t

i

o

n

3

-

P

o

l

l

i

n

g

Q

u

e

s

t

i

o

n

If you were given the gift of a large sum of money, how likely would you be to share it with your friends and family?

A. Very likely

B. Somewhat likely

C. Somewhat unlikely

D. Very unlikely

A B C D

0% 0%0%0%

Struggle for power in England • The Puritan’s controlled Parliament

– They struggled for power against King Charles I

– 1642 a Civil War began

– Led by Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan, the

Parliamentary forces defeated the king

• Many Puritans returned to England to join the

struggle

• Charles I was beheaded in 1649 on charges

of treason – Colonization ceased in North America!

• A new government was created with Cromwell

as Protector

• When Cromwell died, Parliament restored the

monarchy, but limited the kings power

• Charles II became king in 1660, his reign was

known as the Restoration – Colonization resumed – “The Restoration Colonies

(NY, PENN, DEL, NJ) Oliver Cromwell

King Charles I

English Colonies in America • 1660- England had two

clusters of colonies in what is now the United States

• In the North were Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

• In the South were Maryland and Virginia

• Between the two groups of English colonies were lands the Dutch controlled

Dutch Colonies • Called New Netherland

• Main settlement was New Amsterdam, located on Manhattan Island

• Had a good seaport

• Became a center of shipping to and from the Americas

• Dutch West India Company wanted more settlers

• Offered large estates to anyone who could bring 50 settlers to work the land

• The landowners who acquired these estates were called patroons

• Patroons ruled like kings

• Had their own courts and laws

• Settlers owed the patroon labor and a share of their crops

England Takes Over

• England wanted to acquire the Dutch Colony

• Because of its harbor and trade

• 1664- England sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam

• Peter Stuyvesant was the governor

• He was unprepared for battle and surrendered the colony to the English

• King Charles II gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York, who renamed it…

New York

• It was a proprietary colony

• A colony in which the owner, or proprietor, owned all the land and controlled the government

• Different from the New England colonies, where voters elected the governor and an assembly

• Not until 1691 did the English government allow citizens of New York elect their legislature

The Population of New York • New York continued to

prosper under English control

• Had a diverse population

• Dutch, German, Swedish, and Native American

• Brazilian Jews, the first Jews to settle in North America

• 1664- New York had about 8,000 inhabitants

• Including at least 300 enslaved Africans

• 1683- Population was about 12,000 people

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

S

e

c

t

i

o

n

3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

In which colony did the first Jews settle in America?

A. New Jersey

B. Virginia

C. Maryland

D. New York

New Jersey • Duke of York gave the southern

part of his colony to Lord John Berkeley and Sir John Carteret

• Named it New Jersey after the island of Jersey in the English Channel (Carteret was born there)

• To attract settlers, thy offered large areas of land and freedom of religion

• Also trial by jury and representative assembly

• The Assembly would make the local laws and set tax rates

The Population of New Jersey • A place of ethnic and religious

diversity

• Had no natural harbors so it did not develop a major port or city like New York

• The proprietors made few profits

• Both proprietors eventually sold their shares in the colony

• By 1702 New Jersey had returned to the king, becoming a royal colony

• Colonists continued to make local laws

Pennsylvania • King Charles II gave land to

William Penn to pay off a debt – Named it Pennsylvania and was

nearly as large England

– Penn saw this as a “holy experiment” (social)

– A chance to put his Quaker ideals into practice

• The Quakers, or Society of Friends believed that everyone was equal – People could follow their “inner light”

to salvation

– They did not need a clergy to guide them

– were pacifists, people who refuse to use force or to fight in wars

• They were persecuted in England

Penn in Pennsylvania • 1682- Penn supervised

the building of Philadelphia, the “city of brotherly love”

• Penn designed the city and wrote their first constitution

• Penn believed the land belonged to the Native Americans and that settlers should pay for it

• He negotiated several treaties with local Native Americans

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

S

e

c

t

i

o

n

3

A B

C

D

0% 0%0%0%

Whom did William Penn believe rightfully owned the land where he planned to build Philadelphia?

A. The English

B. The Dutch

C. The Native Americans

D. The Swedes

The Population of Pennsylvania • Penn advertised the colony

throughout Europe

• 1683- There were more than 3,000 English, Welsh, Dutch, and German settlers – 1701, Charter of Liberties

allowed colonists to elect representatives to the legislature

• Swedes settled southern Pennsylvania – Charter of Privileges allowed

them to form their own legislature

– They then functioned, or operated, as a separate colony known as Delaware under Pennsylvania’s governor

CLICK FOR CLIP ON ANABAPTISTS

READ 3.3: p. 82-85 Complete the Matrix for the Middle Colonies – G - SERP

G is for Geography: Identify the individual colonies in the region

Where are they located? What are their geographic features? Land use, land division,

natives, natural resources, imported and exported resources impacting geography.

S is for Social

What is the social class structure like? Women, families, education, diversity,

ethnicities

E is for economy

Trade, crops, resources, tariffs

R is for Religion

Religious beliefs and institutions, diversity, tolerance, degree of influence over

government and society

P is for Political

Political institutions, type of colony, important political leaders, relations with foreign

nations and England

I is for Intellectual

Culture, Ideology, cultural influences, art, literature, music

T is for Technology

Innovations, transportation infrastructure, towns, cities

E

s

s

e

n

t

i

a

l

Q

u

e

s

t

i

o

n

• H

o

w

di

d

th

e

M

id

dl

e

C

ol

o

ni

e

s

d

e

v

el

o

p

?

How did the Middle Colonies develop?

New York: Thriving Dutch colony seized by English; major port, proprietary colony; diverse population

New Jersey: piece of New York given to other proprietors; land and freedoms offered to attract settlers; diverse population; lacked major port so less profitable; became a royal colony

Pennsylvania: established under Quaker ideals; welcomed diverse immigrants; constitution; elected legislature

Delaware: lower part of Pennsylvania settled by the Swedes; allowed to function as a separate colony