Essential Question: Why did the English settle in North
America?
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Main Idea After defeating the Spanish Armada, England became
more and more interested in establishing colonies in North
America.
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1584 Sir Walter Raleigh claims Roanoke Island for Queen
Elizabeth 1587 Raleigh sends John White, 91 men, 17 women and 9
children to Roanoke When English ships return 3 years later, all
Colonists have disappeared
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For a time, the failure of the Roanoke colony discouraged
others from planning English colonies in North America However, the
idea emerged again in 1606. Several groups of merchants sought
charters, documents granting the right to organize settlements in
an area, from King James I.
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Joint Stock Company Investors bought stock, or part ownership,
in the company in return for a share of its future Settlers in
America were to search for gold and establish trade in fish and
furs 1607 144 settlers entered Chesapeake Bay and name their new
settlement Jamestown
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Colonists faced hardships of disease and hunger Colony survives
the first 2 years because of 27 year old Captain John Smith
Experienced explorer Forced settlers to work Sought corn from
Native Americans led by chief Powahatan
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dd
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Winter of 1606-1610 known as the starving time Fighting breaks
out with Native Americans Finally, colonists begin to make money
for investors by growing tobacco Relations with Native Americas
improve when John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, daughter of Chief
Powahatan
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Virginia Colony government Burgesses meet to make local laws
for the colony 1619 First meeting of the House of Burgesses 1624
King James cancels the Virginia Company charter and makes Jamestown
the first royal colony in America.
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Why did the English settle in North America? They hoped to
profit from resources found in America
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Essential Question: Why did the Separatists and Puritans leave
England and settle in North America? Read passage in notes!
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Some Separatists in the Netherlands made an arrangement with
the Virginia Company Separatists could settle in Virginia and
practice their religion freely In return, they would give the
company a share of their profits Only 35 of 102 passengers on board
the Mayflower in 1620 were Pilgrims
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Colonists on Mayflower drop anchor in Cape Cod Bay Before going
ashore, the Pilgrims drew up a formal document Pledged their
loyalty to England Necessary step in the development of
representative government in the new American colonies
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Read and complete questions that follow.
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First winter in America Nearly the Pilgrims die of
malnutrition, disease and cold Spring the befriend two Native
Americans (Squanto and Samoset) Showed pilgrims how to grow corn,
beans and pumpkins Helped them to make peace with Wampanoag The two
groups lived in harmony
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In 1625, Charles I became the king of England. Charles objected
to the Puritans calls for reform in the Anglican Church.
Persecution of Puritans within the country increased. As a result,
some Puritans wanted to leave England.
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Founded by Massachusetts Bay Company Governor John Winthrop
Puritans chance to create a new society based on the Bible
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1630s more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to
escape religious persecution and economic hard times in England At
first, John Winthrop and the colonys stock holders known as The
General Court made the laws
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1634 Settlers demanded a bigger role in government The General
Court became an elected assembly Adult male church members were
allowed to vote for the governor and for representatives What does
this tell you about their society?
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Puritans came to America to put their religious beliefs into
practice. However, they had littler toleration for other religious
beliefs. They criticized and persecuted people of other faiths.
This lack of toleration led people to form new colonies in
neighboring areas.
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Dissatisfied with the way the Massachusetts Colony was run, the
towns of Hartford, Windsor and Wethersfield were established in the
Connecticut wilderness They adopted a plan called the Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut First written constitution in America
Described the organization of representative government in
detail
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Founded by Roger Williams who believed in religious toleration
and believed it was wrong to take land from Native Americans
Received charter for Rhode Island in 1644 First place in America
where people of all faiths could worship freely (including
Jews!)
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Settlers move onto Native American land without payment or
permission English settlers and the Native Americans compete
fiercely for land throughout entire period Eventually, settlers and
their Native Americans allies defeat the Wampanoag Now the
colonists are free to expand their settlements
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What did the Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut have in common? Both provided organization in the form
of govt Why did the Separatists and Puritans leave England and
settle in N. America? Separatists: Escape persecution but maintain
their religious values and English way of life Puritans: Escape
persecution and establish a new society based on their religious
beliefs.
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Essential Question How did the Middle Colonies develop?
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1660 England has two clusters of colonies in America North:
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island South:
Maryland and Virginia Between the two groups was land controlled by
the Dutch
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Main settlement of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island Center of
trade and shipping due to its seaport Dutch East India Company
offers large estates to anyone bringing at least 50 settlers to New
Netherland Why do you think New Netherland, later New York, was a
valuable colony?
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English want to acquire the valuable Dutch colony of New
Netherland 1664 English fleet attacks New Amsterdam Unprepared
Dutch governor surrenders the colony quickly English King Charles
II gives colony to the Duke of York
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Proprietary Colony Proprietor owns all land Proprietor controls
government New York has a diverse population German, Dutch,
Swedish, Native American, Jewish
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Proprietors Lord John Berkley and Sir George Cateret wanted to
attract settlers. They offered Large tracts of land Freedom of
religion Trial by jury Representative Assembly Ethnically and
religiously diverse With no major ports, it was difficult for
proprietors to make money
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If given a choice, would you take land or money for a debt that
someone owed you? Why? 1681 William Penn, a wealthy English Quaker,
received land as payment for a debt owed by King Charles II William
Penn saw Pennsylvania as a chance to put his Quaker ideals into
practice
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Society of Friends Believed everyone was equal People could
follow their own inner light to salvation Pacifists Considered a
threat in England and were persecuted
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Swedes had settled in Southern Pennsylvania before English took
over Charter of Privileges allowed these lower counties to form
their own legislature These counties operated as a separate colony
under Pennsylvanias governor
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Answer the Essential Question How did the Middle Colonies
develop? NY: Thriving Dutch colony seized by the English; Major
port; Proprietary Colony, Diverse population NJ: Land and freedom
offered to attract settlers; Diverse population; lacked major port
so less profitable; Became royal colony PA: Established under
Quaker ideals; Welcomed diverse immigrants; Constitution; elected
legislature Delaware: lower part of VA; settled by Swedes; Allowed
to function as separate colony
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Essential Question How and why did the Southern Colonies
grow?
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Sir George Calavert, Lord Baltimore wanted a safe place for his
fellow Catholics King Charles I gave him a proprietary colony north
of Virginia Calavert dies, his son Cecilius inherits the colony and
sends his two brothers to Maryland in 1634
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Cecilius gave large estates to English aristocrats As the
number of plantations grew, more workers were needed The colony
imported indentured servants and enslaved Africans Enslaved people
in the Colonies YearNorthSouthTotal 16508807201600
16701,1253,4104,535 16903,34013,38916,729 17108,30336,56344,866
Enslaved People in the Colonies
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While other colonies were being founded, Virginia continued to
grow Settlers moved west and settled Native American lands 1640s
Virginia governor, William Berkley made a pledge with the Native
Americans to avoid conflict Native Americans gave Berkley large
piece of land Berkley would keep settlers from pushing farther into
their territory Showed that settlers would not be limited to the
coast.
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Some western Virginians resent Berkleys agreement to stay out.
1676: Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter in western Virginia, led
attacks on Native American villages Bacons army marches to
Jamestown and drives Berkley into exile 1640s: Berkley makes pledge
with Native Americans to avoid conflict October 1676: Bacon dies
suddenly England recalled Berkley and sent troops to Virginia to
restore order
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In 1633, King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of
Virginia called Carolina. The king gave the colony to eight nobles
who had helped him regain his throne. The proprietors set up
estates and sold or rented land to settlers brought from
England.
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Grew tobacco, sold timber and tar Lacked a good harbor Used
Virginias ports to conduct trade
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Fertile farmland Harbor at Charles Town (Charleston) Trade in
deerskin, lumber and beef thrived
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Two crops came to dominate Carolina agriculture Rice Indigo
1719 Settlers in Southern Carolina seized control from its
proprietors 1729 Carolina became two royal colonies North and South
Carolina
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Founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe Intended as a colony where
debtors or poor people could make a fresh start Also set up as a
barrier to Spanish Florida Settled by hundreds of poor British,
religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of Jews
Oglethorpe give colony to king in 1751
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Who was John Locke and what did he do for Carolina? English
philosopher who wrote Carolinas constitution Why did demand for
enslaved workers increase in the Southern colonies? The number of
plantations increased as more settlers arrived, increasing the need
for a cheap source of permanent labor
Slide 50
How and why did the Southern colonies grow? Use chart in
notes
