3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 11 of 51 of 51

Part IV Principles of Radiation Protection and theInternational Framework

Module 2 The Role of International Organizations inRadiation Protection

Session 2 ICRP and ICRU

Session IV.2.2Session IV.2.2

IAEA Post Graduate Educational CourseIAEA Post Graduate Educational CourseRadiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation SourcesRadiation Protection and Safe Use of Radiation Sources

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 22 of 51 of 51

We will discuss the mission of the We will discuss the mission of the International Commission on Radiological International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)Protection (ICRP)

We will also discuss the mission of the We will also discuss the mission of the International Commission on Radiological International Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements (ICRU)Units and Measurements (ICRU)

OverviewOverview

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 33 of 51 of 51

ICRP MissionICRP Mission

The International Commission on Radiological The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an independent Registered Protection (ICRP) is an independent Registered Charity, established to advance for the public Charity, established to advance for the public benefit the science of radiological protection, benefit the science of radiological protection, in particular by providing recommendations in particular by providing recommendations and guidance on all aspects of protection and guidance on all aspects of protection against ionising radiationagainst ionising radiation

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 44 of 51 of 51

Is an advisory body providing Is an advisory body providing recommendations and guidance on radiation recommendations and guidance on radiation protectionprotection

Was founded in 1928 by the International Was founded in 1928 by the International Society of Radiology (ISR, the professional Society of Radiology (ISR, the professional society of radiologist physicians)society of radiologist physicians)

Was then called the ‘International X‑ray and Was then called the ‘International X‑ray and Radium Protection Committee’Radium Protection Committee’

ICRPICRP

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 55 of 51 of 51

Was restructured to better take account of Was restructured to better take account of uses of radiation outside the medical area, uses of radiation outside the medical area, and given its present name in 1950and given its present name in 1950

Is an Independent Registered Charity (a Is an Independent Registered Charity (a ‘not‑for‑profit organisation’) in the United ‘not‑for‑profit organisation’) in the United Kingdom; and Currently has its small Kingdom; and Currently has its small Scientific Secretariat in SwedenScientific Secretariat in Sweden

ICRPICRP

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ICRPICRP

In preparing recommendations, ICRP considers In preparing recommendations, ICRP considers the fundamental principles and quantitative the fundamental principles and quantitative bases upon which appropriate radiation bases upon which appropriate radiation protection measures can be established, while protection measures can be established, while leaving to the various national protection leaving to the various national protection bodies the responsibility of formulating the bodies the responsibility of formulating the specific advice, codes of practice, or specific advice, codes of practice, or regulations that are best suited to the needs of regulations that are best suited to the needs of their individual countriestheir individual countries

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 77 of 51 of 51

ICRPICRP

ICRP offers its recommendations to ICRP offers its recommendations to regulatory and advisory agencies and regulatory and advisory agencies and provides advice intended to be of help to provides advice intended to be of help to management and professional staff with management and professional staff with responsibilities for radiological protectionresponsibilities for radiological protection

While ICRP has no formal power to impose While ICRP has no formal power to impose its proposals on anyone, legislation in most its proposals on anyone, legislation in most countries adheres closely to ICRP countries adheres closely to ICRP recommendations. recommendations.

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 88 of 51 of 51

ICRPICRP

Originally, ICRP published Originally, ICRP published recommendations and advice as papers in recommendations and advice as papers in various scientific journals in the fields of various scientific journals in the fields of medicine and physicsmedicine and physics

Since 1959, ICRP has its own series of Since 1959, ICRP has its own series of publications (since 1977 they are published publications (since 1977 they are published as the Annals of the ICRP)as the Annals of the ICRP)

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 99 of 51 of 51

ICRPICRP

ICRP is composed of a Main Commission and four ICRP is composed of a Main Commission and four standing Committees:standing Committees:

Radiation effectsRadiation effects Doses from radiation exposureDoses from radiation exposure Protection in medicineProtection in medicine the Application of ICRP recommendationsthe Application of ICRP recommendations

The Main Commission consists of twelve members The Main Commission consists of twelve members and a Chairmanand a Chairman

Committees typically comprise 15‑20 membersCommittees typically comprise 15‑20 members

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 1010 of 51 of 51

ICRPICRP

ICRP uses Task Groups (performing defined tasks) ICRP uses Task Groups (performing defined tasks) and Working Parties (developing ideas) to prepare and Working Parties (developing ideas) to prepare its reportsits reports

A Task Group usually contains a majority of A Task Group usually contains a majority of specialists from outside the ICRP membershipspecialists from outside the ICRP membership

Thus, ICRP is an independent international network Thus, ICRP is an independent international network of specialists in various fields of radiological of specialists in various fields of radiological protectionprotection

At any one time, about one hundred eminent At any one time, about one hundred eminent scientists are actively involved in the work of ICRPscientists are actively involved in the work of ICRP

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 1111 of 51 of 51

8888 Doses to the Embryo and Fetus from Intakes of Doses to the Embryo and Fetus from Intakes of Radionuclides by the Mother, Annals of the ICRP Radionuclides by the Mother, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 31/1‑3, 2001Vol. 31/1‑3, 2001

8787 Managing Patient Dose in Computed Tomography, Managing Patient Dose in Computed Tomography, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 30/4, 2001Annals of the ICRP Vol. 30/4, 2001

8686 Prevention of Accidents to Patients Undergoing Prevention of Accidents to Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 30/3, Radiation Therapy, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 30/3, 20012001

8585 Avoidance of Radiation Injuries from Medical Avoidance of Radiation Injuries from Medical Interventional Procedures, Annals of the ICRP Vol. Interventional Procedures, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 30/2, 200130/2, 2001

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 1212 of 51 of 51

8484 Pregnancy and Medical Radiation, Annals of the Pregnancy and Medical Radiation, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 30/1, 2000ICRP Vol. 30/1, 2000

8383 Risk Estimation for Multifactorial Diseases, Annals Risk Estimation for Multifactorial Diseases, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 29/3‑4, 2000of the ICRP Vol. 29/3‑4, 2000

8282 Protection of the Public in Situations of Prolonged Protection of the Public in Situations of Prolonged Radiation Exposure, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 29/1‑2, Radiation Exposure, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 29/1‑2, 20002000

8181 Radiation Protection Recommendations as Applied Radiation Protection Recommendations as Applied to the Disposal of Long‑lived Solid Radioactive to the Disposal of Long‑lived Solid Radioactive Waste, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 28/4, 2000Waste, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 28/4, 2000

8080 Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 28/3, Radiopharmaceuticals, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 28/3, 19991999

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 1313 of 51 of 51

7979 Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Annals of the ICRP Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 28/1‑2, 1999Vol. 28/1‑2, 1999

7878 Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure of Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure of Workers, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 27/3‑4, 1998Workers, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 27/3‑4, 1998

7777 Radiological Protection Policy for the Disposal of Radiological Protection Policy for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 27 Radioactive Waste, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 27 Supplement, 1998Supplement, 1998

7676 Protection from Potential Exposures: Application to Protection from Potential Exposures: Application to Selected Radiation Sources, Annals of the ICRP Vol. Selected Radiation Sources, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 27/2, 199727/2, 1997

7575 General Principles for the Radiation Protection of General Principles for the Radiation Protection of Workers, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 27/1, 1997Workers, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 27/1, 1997

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 1414 of 51 of 51

7474 Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection against External Radiation, Annals of the Protection against External Radiation, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 26/3, 1996ICRP Vol. 26/3, 1996

7373 Radiological Protection and Safety in Medicine, Radiological Protection and Safety in Medicine, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 26/2, 1996Annals of the ICRP Vol. 26/2, 1996

7272 Age‑dependent Doses to the Members of the Public Age‑dependent Doses to the Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 5, Compilation of from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 5, Compilation of Ingestion and Inhalation Coefficients, 1996Ingestion and Inhalation Coefficients, 1996

7171 Age‑dependent Doses to Members of the Public Age‑dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 4, Inhalation from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 4, Inhalation Dose Coefficients, 1996Dose Coefficients, 1996

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

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7070 Basic Anatomical & Physiological Data for use in Basic Anatomical & Physiological Data for use in Radiological Protection: The Skeleton, 1995Radiological Protection: The Skeleton, 1995

6969 Age‑dependent Doses to Members of the Public Age‑dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 3 Ingestion Dose from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 3 Ingestion Dose Coefficients, 1995Coefficients, 1995

6868 Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, 1995Workers, 1995

6767 Age‑dependent Doses to Members of the Public Age‑dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 2 Ingestion Dose from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 2 Ingestion Dose Coefficients, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 23/3‑4, 1994Coefficients, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 23/3‑4, 1994

6666 Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 24/1‑3, 1994Protection, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 24/1‑3, 1994

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 1616 of 51 of 51

6565 Protection Against Radon‑222 at Home and at Work, Protection Against Radon‑222 at Home and at Work, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 23/2, 1994Annals of the ICRP Vol. 23/2, 1994

6464 Protection from Potential Exposure: A Conceptual Protection from Potential Exposure: A Conceptual Framework, 1993Framework, 1993

6363 Principles for Intervention for Protection of the Principles for Intervention for Protection of the Public in a Radiological Emergency, 1993Public in a Radiological Emergency, 1993

6262 Radiological Protection in Biomedical Research Radiological Protection in Biomedical Research (Also includes Addendum 1 to ICRP Publication 53, (Also includes Addendum 1 to ICRP Publication 53, Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals, and a Summary of the Radiopharmaceuticals, and a Summary of the current ICRP Principles for Protection of the Patient current ICRP Principles for Protection of the Patient in Diagnostic Radiology), 1993in Diagnostic Radiology), 1993

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

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6060 Recommandations ICRP (French Edition of ICRP 60, Recommandations ICRP (French Edition of ICRP 60, 1990 Recommendations), Annals of the ICRP Vol. 1990 Recommendations), Annals of the ICRP Vol. 20/1, 199320/1, 1993

6060 1990 Recommendations of the International 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection ‑ Users' Commission on Radiological Protection ‑ Users' Edition, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 21/1‑3, 1992Edition, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 21/1‑3, 1992

6060 1990 Recommendations of the International 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, Annals of Commission on Radiological Protection, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 21/1‑3, 1991the ICRP Vol. 21/1‑3, 1991

5959 The Biological Basis for Dose Limitation in the Skin, The Biological Basis for Dose Limitation in the Skin, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 22/2, 1992Annals of the ICRP Vol. 22/2, 1992

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

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5858 RBE for Deterministic Effects, Annals of the ICRP RBE for Deterministic Effects, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 20/4, 1990Vol. 20/4, 1990

5656 Age‑dependent Doses to Members of the Public Age‑dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 1, Annals of the from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 1, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 20/2, 1990ICRP Vol. 20/2, 1990

5555 Optimization and Decision‑Making in Radiological Optimization and Decision‑Making in Radiological Protection, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 20/1, 1989Protection, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 20/1, 1989

5454 Individual Monitoring for Intakes of Radionuclides Individual Monitoring for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers: Design and Interpretation, Annals of the by Workers: Design and Interpretation, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 19/1‑3, 1989ICRP Vol. 19/1‑3, 1989

5353 Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiation Dose to Patients from Radiopharmaceuticals, Annals of the ICRP Vol. Radiopharmaceuticals, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 18/1‑4, 198818/1‑4, 1988

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

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5252 Protection of the Patient in Nuclear Medicine, Protection of the Patient in Nuclear Medicine, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 17/4. 1988Annals of the ICRP Vol. 17/4. 1988

5151 Data for Use in Protection Against External Data for Use in Protection Against External Radiation, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 17/2‑3, 1988Radiation, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 17/2‑3, 1988

4949 Developmental Effects of Irradiation on the Brain of Developmental Effects of Irradiation on the Brain of the Embryo and Fetus, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 16/4, the Embryo and Fetus, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 16/4, 19871987

4747 Radiation Protection of Workers in Mines, Annals of Radiation Protection of Workers in Mines, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 16/1, 1986the ICRP Vol. 16/1, 1986

4646 Radiation Protection Principles for the Disposal of Radiation Protection Principles for the Disposal of Solid Radioactive Waste, Annals of the ICRP Vol Solid Radioactive Waste, Annals of the ICRP Vol 15/4, 198615/4, 1986

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 2020 of 51 of 51

4545 Quantitative Bases for Developing a Unified Index Quantitative Bases for Developing a Unified Index of Harm, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 15/3, 1986of Harm, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 15/3, 1986

4444 Protection of the Patient in Radiation Therapy, Protection of the Patient in Radiation Therapy, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 15/2, 1985Annals of the ICRP Vol. 15/2, 1985

4343 Principles of Monitoring for the Radiation Principles of Monitoring for the Radiation Protection of the Public, Annals of the ICRP Vol. Protection of the Public, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 15/1, 198415/1, 1984

4141 Nonstochastic Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Annals Nonstochastic Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 14/3, 1984of the ICRP Vol. 14/3, 1984

3838 Radionuclide Transformations: Energy and Radionuclide Transformations: Energy and Intensity of Emissions, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 11 ‑ Intensity of Emissions, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 11 ‑ 13, 198313, 1983

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 2121 of 51 of 51

3636 Protection Against Ionizing Radiation in the Protection Against Ionizing Radiation in the Teaching of Science, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 10/1, Teaching of Science, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 10/1, 19831983

3434 Protection of the Patient in Diagnostic Radiology, Protection of the Patient in Diagnostic Radiology, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 9/2, 1983Annals of the ICRP Vol. 9/2, 1983

3030 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers: Part Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers: Part 4 (An Addendum), Annals of the ICRP Vol. 19/4, 19894 (An Addendum), Annals of the ICRP Vol. 19/4, 1989

3030 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers: Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers: Index, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 8/4, 1982Index, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 8/4, 1982

3030 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, Supplements A & B to Part 3, Annals of the ICRP, Supplements A & B to Part 3, Annals of the ICRP, SUPP A Vol. 7/1‑3 & SUPP B Vol. 8/1‑3, 1982SUPP A Vol. 7/1‑3 & SUPP B Vol. 8/1‑3, 1982

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

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3030 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, Part Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, Part 3, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 6/2‑3, 19823, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 6/2‑3, 1982

3030 Limits for Intake of Radionuclides by Workers, Limits for Intake of Radionuclides by Workers, Supplement to Part 2, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 5/1‑6, Supplement to Part 2, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 5/1‑6, 19801980

3030 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, Part Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers, Part 2, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 4/3‑4, 19802, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 4/3‑4, 1980

3030 Limits for the Intake of Radionuclides by Workers, Limits for the Intake of Radionuclides by Workers, Part 1, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 2/3‑4, 1979Part 1, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 2/3‑4, 1979

2828 The Principles and General Procedures for Handling The Principles and General Procedures for Handling Emergency and Accidental Exposure of Workers, Emergency and Accidental Exposure of Workers, 19781978

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

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2323 Reference Man: Anatomical, Physiological and Reference Man: Anatomical, Physiological and Metabolic Characteristics, 1975Metabolic Characteristics, 1975

2222 Risks Associated with Ionising Radiations, Annals Risks Associated with Ionising Radiations, Annals of the ICRP Vol. 22/1, 1992of the ICRP Vol. 22/1, 1992

1818 The RBE for High‑LET Radiations with Respect to The RBE for High‑LET Radiations with Respect to Mutagenesis, 1972Mutagenesis, 1972

ICRP ReportsICRP Reports

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ICRUICRU

The International Commission on Radiation The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) was Units and Measurements (ICRU) was established in 1925 by the International established in 1925 by the International Congress of RadiologyCongress of Radiology

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ICRUICRU

Since its inception, it has had as its principal Since its inception, it has had as its principal objective the development of internationally objective the development of internationally acceptable recommendations regarding:acceptable recommendations regarding:

quantities and units of radiation and radioactivityquantities and units of radiation and radioactivity procedures suitable for the measurement and procedures suitable for the measurement and

application of these quantities in diagnostic application of these quantities in diagnostic radiology, radiation therapy, radiation biology, radiology, radiation therapy, radiation biology, and industrial operationsand industrial operations

physical data needed in the application of these physical data needed in the application of these procedures, the use of which tends to assure procedures, the use of which tends to assure uniformity in reportinguniformity in reporting

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The ICRU endeavors to collect and evaluate The ICRU endeavors to collect and evaluate the latest data and information pertinent to the latest data and information pertinent to the problems of radiation measurement and the problems of radiation measurement and dosimetry, and to recommend in its dosimetry, and to recommend in its publications the most acceptable values and publications the most acceptable values and techniques for current usetechniques for current use

ICRUICRU

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 2727 of 51 of 51

Measurement of radiation is a complex Measurement of radiation is a complex subject and is a science in itselfsubject and is a science in itself

Users of radiation who need to make Users of radiation who need to make radiation measurements cannot be expected radiation measurements cannot be expected to become experts in this particular fieldto become experts in this particular field

The ICRU provides authoritative guidance on The ICRU provides authoritative guidance on how to deal with the measurement problems how to deal with the measurement problems connected with their particular use of connected with their particular use of radiationradiation

ICRUICRU

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Guidance on measurements as diverse as Guidance on measurements as diverse as those involved in measuring the radiations those involved in measuring the radiations used in medical practice and the exotic used in medical practice and the exotic radiations found in space has been provided radiations found in space has been provided by the ICRUby the ICRU

The ICRU is recognized as a source of The ICRU is recognized as a source of authoritative recommendations on all types authoritative recommendations on all types of radiation measurement problemsof radiation measurement problems

ICRUICRU

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The Commission utilizes the freely The Commission utilizes the freely volunteered services of physicians, volunteered services of physicians, scientists and engineers who participate in scientists and engineers who participate in its program through service on the its program through service on the Commission or on working groups engaged Commission or on working groups engaged in the development of guidance and in the development of guidance and recommendationrecommendation

They are drawn from the leading They are drawn from the leading universities, laboratories and agencies universities, laboratories and agencies throughout the worldthroughout the world

ICRUICRU

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These individuals, because of their training, These individuals, because of their training, talent and experience in radiation matters, talent and experience in radiation matters, constitute a resource of inestimable valueconstitute a resource of inestimable value

Their abilities are brought to bear on current Their abilities are brought to bear on current problems in service of the public interestproblems in service of the public interest

ICRUICRU

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The first task of the ICRU on its founding in The first task of the ICRU on its founding in 1925 was to devise a unit of radiation that 1925 was to devise a unit of radiation that would make it possible to develop cancer would make it possible to develop cancer treatmenttreatment

The ICRU provided a set of quantities and The ICRU provided a set of quantities and concepts that met the need and facilitated concepts that met the need and facilitated development in medical applicationsdevelopment in medical applications

ICRUICRU

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In recent times, the Commission has addressed In recent times, the Commission has addressed the complex problems of assessing radiation the complex problems of assessing radiation exposure for protection purposes developing a exposure for protection purposes developing a set of quantities and units which facilitates set of quantities and units which facilitates comparison of exposures with established comparison of exposures with established limitslimits

ICRUICRU

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The Commission consists of thirteen The Commission consists of thirteen Members and is assisted by some twenty Members and is assisted by some twenty Report CommitteesReport Committees

These committees of four to eight members These committees of four to eight members produce draft reports on specific subjects produce draft reports on specific subjects which are then reviewed by the Commissionwhich are then reviewed by the Commission

The non‑profit operation of the ICRU The non‑profit operation of the ICRU strengthens the Commission’s position as strengthens the Commission’s position as an independent bodyan independent body

ICRUICRU

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Current Program Current Program

Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine:Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine:

Radiation is essential in modern medicine for Radiation is essential in modern medicine for diagnosis and clinical management of many kinds of diagnosis and clinical management of many kinds of illnessillness

Diagnostic imaging has become increasingly Diagnostic imaging has become increasingly complex, and manipulation of image information complex, and manipulation of image information requires common concepts, terminology, and requires common concepts, terminology, and measurement methodology essential for the benefit measurement methodology essential for the benefit of the patient to assure maximum diagnostic of the patient to assure maximum diagnostic information with minimum potential riskinformation with minimum potential risk

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Current Program Current Program

Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine:Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine:

Currently activities involve the preparation of new Currently activities involve the preparation of new reports on ROC analysis in medical imaging, image reports on ROC analysis in medical imaging, image quality assessment in nuclear medicine, bone quality assessment in nuclear medicine, bone densitometry, image quality assessment in chest densitometry, image quality assessment in chest radiography, assessment of image quality in radiography, assessment of image quality in mammography, dosimetric procedures in diagnostic mammography, dosimetric procedures in diagnostic radiology, and dose specification in nuclear radiology, and dose specification in nuclear medicinemedicine

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Radiation Therapy:Radiation Therapy:

The successful radiation treatment of cancer The successful radiation treatment of cancer depends on knowledge of the precise amount and depends on knowledge of the precise amount and location of radiation given to a patient and the location of radiation given to a patient and the opportunity for therapists to exchange information opportunity for therapists to exchange information on the results attainedon the results attained

The ability to compare clinical results achieved in The ability to compare clinical results achieved in different centers using different radiation modalities different centers using different radiation modalities and protocols necessitates a common language for and protocols necessitates a common language for reporting fractionation schedules, doses, and reporting fractionation schedules, doses, and techniquestechniques

Current Program Current Program

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Radiation Protection: Radiation Protection:

Protection of personnel working with radiation relies Protection of personnel working with radiation relies on careful measurement as does the protection of on careful measurement as does the protection of the public and the environmentthe public and the environment

Because of diversity in exposures in both routine Because of diversity in exposures in both routine and accident conditions, internationally accepted and accident conditions, internationally accepted measurement conventions are required for measurement conventions are required for assessment of irradiation of individuals and for assessment of irradiation of individuals and for monitoring of the environmentmonitoring of the environment

Current Program Current Program

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Radiation Protection: Radiation Protection:

Specialized quantities and reference data are needed Specialized quantities and reference data are needed for correlation of individual exposures and for correlation of individual exposures and associated riskassociated risk

The ICRU developed a conceptual basis for the The ICRU developed a conceptual basis for the definition of operational quantities for area and definition of operational quantities for area and individual monitoring used in the assessment of individual monitoring used in the assessment of compliance with exposure limitationscompliance with exposure limitations

Current Program Current Program

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Radiation Protection: Radiation Protection:

Work is underway on reports forWork is underway on reports for

determination of body burdens for radionuclidesdetermination of body burdens for radionuclides measurement of operational quantities for measurement of operational quantities for

neutronsneutrons requirements for radioecological samplingrequirements for radioecological sampling retrospective assessment of exposure to ionizing retrospective assessment of exposure to ionizing

radiationradiation

Current Program Current Program

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Radiation in Science:Radiation in Science:

Three fundamental areas for basic science:Three fundamental areas for basic science:

quantities and units of radiation and radioactivity quantities and units of radiation and radioactivity should be defined clearly and sensibly for should be defined clearly and sensibly for effective communicationeffective communication

techniques and instruments for radiation techniques and instruments for radiation measurements need to be standardized for measurements need to be standardized for optimal performanceoptimal performance

basic physical data concerning interactions of basic physical data concerning interactions of radiation with matter must be established radiation with matter must be established optimally in the light of the latest scientific optimally in the light of the latest scientific results and updated continuouslyresults and updated continuously

Current Program Current Program

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Radiation in Science:Radiation in Science:

These data are necessary in research on mechanisms These data are necessary in research on mechanisms of physical, chemical, and biological changes induced of physical, chemical, and biological changes induced by radiation, as well as in application to medicine, by radiation, as well as in application to medicine, industry, and radiation risk assessmentindustry, and radiation risk assessment

Currently, work is underway on reports treating Currently, work is underway on reports treating quantities, units and terms in radioecology, absorbed quantities, units and terms in radioecology, absorbed dose standards for photon irradiation, stopping powers dose standards for photon irradiation, stopping powers for heavy ions, dosimetry systems for radiation for heavy ions, dosimetry systems for radiation processing, elastic scattering of electrons and processing, elastic scattering of electrons and positrons, and measurement quality assurance for positrons, and measurement quality assurance for ionizing radiationionizing radiation

Current Program Current Program

3/2003 Rev 13/2003 Rev 1 IV.2.2 – slide IV.2.2 – slide 4242 of 51 of 51

6767 Absorbed‑Dose Specification in Nuclear Medicine Absorbed‑Dose Specification in Nuclear Medicine (2002), Journal of the ICRU, vol.2 no.1 (2002), Journal of the ICRU, vol.2 no.1

6666 Determination of Operational Dose Equivalent Determination of Operational Dose Equivalent Quantities for Neutrons (2001), Journal of the ICRU, Quantities for Neutrons (2001), Journal of the ICRU, vol.1 no.3 vol.1 no.3

6565 Quantities, Units and Terms in Radioecology (2001), Quantities, Units and Terms in Radioecology (2001), Journal of the ICRU, vol.1 no.2 Journal of the ICRU, vol.1 no.2

6464 Dosimetry of High‑Energy Photon Beams Based on Dosimetry of High‑Energy Photon Beams Based on Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water (2001), Standards of Absorbed Dose to Water (2001), Journal of the ICRU, vol.1 no.1Journal of the ICRU, vol.1 no.1

6363 Nuclear Data for Neutron and Proton Radiotherapy Nuclear Data for Neutron and Proton Radiotherapy and for Radiation Protection with Data CD (2000)and for Radiation Protection with Data CD (2000)

ICRU ReportsICRU Reports

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6262 Prescribing, Recording and Reporting Photon Beam Prescribing, Recording and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy (Supplement to ICRU Report 50) (1999) Therapy (Supplement to ICRU Report 50) (1999)

6161 Tissues Substitutes, Phantoms and Computation Tissues Substitutes, Phantoms and Computation Modelling in Medical Ultrasound (1999) Modelling in Medical Ultrasound (1999)

6060 Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation (1998)Radiation (1998)

5959 Clinical Proton Dosimetry – Part I: Beam Clinical Proton Dosimetry – Part I: Beam Production, Beam Delivery and Measurement of Production, Beam Delivery and Measurement of Absorbed Dose (1998)Absorbed Dose (1998)

5858 Dose and Volume Specification for Reporting Dose and Volume Specification for Reporting Interstitial Therapy (1997)Interstitial Therapy (1997)

5757 Conversion Coefficients for Use in Radiological Conversion Coefficients for Use in Radiological Protection Against External Radiation (1998)Protection Against External Radiation (1998)

ICRU ReportsICRU Reports

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5656 Dosimetry of External Beta Rays for Radiation Dosimetry of External Beta Rays for Radiation Protection (1997)Protection (1997)

5555 Secondary Electron Spectra from Charged Particle Secondary Electron Spectra from Charged Particle Interactions (1996)Interactions (1996)

5454 Medical Imaging ‑ The Assessment of Image Quality Medical Imaging ‑ The Assessment of Image Quality (1996)(1996)

5353 Gamma‑Ray Spectrometry in the Environment Gamma‑Ray Spectrometry in the Environment (1995) (1995)

5252 Particle Counting in Radioactivity Measurements Particle Counting in Radioactivity Measurements (1994)(1994)

5151 Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry (1993)Dosimetry (1993)

ICRU ReportsICRU Reports

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5050 Prescribing, Recording and Reporting Photon Beam Prescribing, Recording and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy (1993)Therapy (1993)

4949 Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles (1993)Particles (1993)

49D49D Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles, with Data Disk of Tabulated Values Alpha Particles, with Data Disk of Tabulated Values (1993)(1993)

4848 Phantoms and Computational Models in Therapy, Phantoms and Computational Models in Therapy, Diagnosis and Protection (1993) Diagnosis and Protection (1993)

4747 Measurement of Dose Equivalents from External Measurement of Dose Equivalents from External Photon and Electron Radiations (1992)Photon and Electron Radiations (1992)

ICRU ReportsICRU Reports

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4646 Photon, Electron, Proton and Neutron Interaction Photon, Electron, Proton and Neutron Interaction Data for Body Tissues (1992)Data for Body Tissues (1992)

46D46D Photon, Electron, Proton and Neutron Photon, Electron, Proton and Neutron Interaction Data for Body Tissues, with Data Disk of Interaction Data for Body Tissues, with Data Disk of Tabulated Values (1992)Tabulated Values (1992)

4545 Clinical Neutron Dosimetry ‑ Part 1: Determination Clinical Neutron Dosimetry ‑ Part 1: Determination of Absorbed Dose in a Patient treated by External of Absorbed Dose in a Patient treated by External Beams of Fast Neutrons (1989)Beams of Fast Neutrons (1989)

4444 Tissue Substitutes in Radiation Dosimetry and Tissue Substitutes in Radiation Dosimetry and Measurement (1989)Measurement (1989)

4343 Determination of Dose Equivalents from External Determination of Dose Equivalents from External Radiation Sources ‑ Part 2 (1988)Radiation Sources ‑ Part 2 (1988)

ICRU ReportsICRU Reports

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4242 Use of Computers in External Beam Radiotherapy Use of Computers in External Beam Radiotherapy Procedures with High‑Energy Photons and Procedures with High‑Energy Photons and Electrons (1987)Electrons (1987)

4141 Modulation Transfer Function of Screen‑Film Modulation Transfer Function of Screen‑Film Systems (1986)Systems (1986)

4040 The Quality Factor in Radiation Protection (1986)The Quality Factor in Radiation Protection (1986)3939 Determination of Dose Equivalents Resulting from Determination of Dose Equivalents Resulting from

External Radiation Sources (1985) External Radiation Sources (1985) 3737 Stopping Powers for Electrons and Positrons (1984)Stopping Powers for Electrons and Positrons (1984)3434 The Dosimetry of Pulsed Radiation (1982)The Dosimetry of Pulsed Radiation (1982)3232 Methods of Assessment of Absorbed Dose in Methods of Assessment of Absorbed Dose in

Clinical Use of Radionuclides (1979)Clinical Use of Radionuclides (1979)

ICRU ReportsICRU Reports

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3131 Average Energy Required to Produce an Ion Pair Average Energy Required to Produce an Ion Pair (1979) (1979)

3030 Quantitative Concepts and Dosimetry in Quantitative Concepts and Dosimetry in Radiobiology (1979) Radiobiology (1979)

2828 Basic Aspects of High Energy Particle Interactions Basic Aspects of High Energy Particle Interactions and Radiation Dosimetry (1978) and Radiation Dosimetry (1978)

2727 An International Neutron Dosimetry An International Neutron Dosimetry Intercomparison (1978) Intercomparison (1978)

2626 Neutron Dosimetry for Biology and Medicine (1977) Neutron Dosimetry for Biology and Medicine (1977) 2525 Conceptual Basis for the Determination of Dose Conceptual Basis for the Determination of Dose

Equivalent (1976) Equivalent (1976)

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2424 Determination of Absorbed Dose in a Patient Determination of Absorbed Dose in a Patient Irradiated by Beams of X or Gamma Rays in Irradiated by Beams of X or Gamma Rays in Radiotherapy Proce‑dures (1976) Radiotherapy Proce‑dures (1976)

2323 Measurement of Absorbed Dose in a Phantom Measurement of Absorbed Dose in a Phantom Irradiated by a Single Beam of X or Gamma Rays Irradiated by a Single Beam of X or Gamma Rays (1973) (1973)

2222 Measurement of Low‑Level Radioactivity (1972) Measurement of Low‑Level Radioactivity (1972) 2020 Radiation Protection Instrumentation and Its Radiation Protection Instrumentation and Its

Application (1971) Application (1971) 1818 Specification on High Activity Gamma‑Ray Sources Specification on High Activity Gamma‑Ray Sources

(1970) (1970)

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1717 Radiation Dosimetry: X Rays Generated at Radiation Dosimetry: X Rays Generated at Potentials of 5 to 150 kV (1970) Potentials of 5 to 150 kV (1970)

1616 Linear Energy Transfer (1970)Linear Energy Transfer (1970)1515 Cameras for Image Intensifier Fluorography (1969)Cameras for Image Intensifier Fluorography (1969)1313 Neutron Fluence, Neutron Spectra and Kerma (1969) Neutron Fluence, Neutron Spectra and Kerma (1969) 1212 Certification of Standardized Radioactive Sources Certification of Standardized Radioactive Sources

(1968) (1968) 10b10b Physical Aspects of Irradiation (1964) Physical Aspects of Irradiation (1964)

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Where to Get More InformationWhere to Get More Information

International Atomic Energy Agency, The Safe Use International Atomic Energy Agency, The Safe Use of Radiation Sources, Training Course Series No. 6, of Radiation Sources, Training Course Series No. 6, IAEA, Vienna (1995)IAEA, Vienna (1995)

www.icrp.org www.icrp.org

www.icru.org www.icru.org