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8/8/2019 314 AttractionLove
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Attraction and Love
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Attraction: The Force That Binds?
Physical Attractiveness
± Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?
Cultural standards for physical attractiveness exist.
± Can lead to taking measures to meet cultural expectations
» Anorexia nervosa: Potentially life-threatening eating
disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy
body weight; intense fear of being overweight; a distorted
body image; and, in females, lack of menstruation
(amenorrhea).
± Men prefer women to be somewhat heavier than women think
men do.
± Women prefer men to be somewhat leaner than men think
women do.
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Attraction: The Force That Binds?
Lesbians physical preferences:
± Prefer heavier women than men
±Reject excessive slenderness as attractive
Nonphysical traits
± Perceived beauty may be enhanced by such traits
as familiarity, liking, respect, and sharing of values
and goals
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Attraction: The Force That Binds?
Some facial features associated with beauty appear
to be the same across cultures.
Gender-role expectations affect perceptions of physical attractiveness.
± People who act consistent with gender-role expectations
typically are viewed as more attractive.
Peoples names affect perceptions of attractiveness.
± Matthew versus Sylvester
± Christine versus Gertrude
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Symmetry of Facial Features
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/25265-prescribing-beauty-evolving-beauty-
video.htm
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/35976-science-of-sex-appeal-facial-
symmetry-importance-video.htm
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/35975-science-of-sex-appeal-attractive-
facial-features-video.htm
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Attraction: The Force That Binds?
Men report valuing the physical attractiveness of
prospective partners more than women do.
Women report valuing the earning potential of
prospective partners more than men do. ± Although some evidence may support an evolutionary
explanation for attractiveness preferences, it does not fit all
the data.
Both men and women report that personal characteristics (e.g.,
honesty) matter more than physical features do when considering
long-term partners.
And many women also prefer physically attractive partners.
Cultural influences can explain the findings, as well.
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Attraction: The Force That Binds?
Attraction-Similarity Hypothesis
± People tend to develop romantic relationships
with people who are similar to themselves inattractiveness and other traits.
Exceptions to this hypothesis happen when a lack of
attractiveness is compensated for by other factors.
±Matching can apply to similarity in ethnicity,age, educational level, and religion.
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Attraction: The Force That Binds?
Attitudes: Do Opposites Attract or Do Birds of
a Feather Flock Together?
± Similarity in attitudes is an important factor inattraction.
± Propinquity (nearness) we tend to live near those
who are similar to us in many ways
± Similarity is more important to women than to men
Reciprocity
± Mutual exchange
People like those who they think like them.
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Is it Biological? ± Bodily changes occur when we feel love:
Chemicals in the brains pleasure system
Hormones Increased nerve growth factor
Is it Psychological lodged in the individual?
Is it Cultural a function of shared beliefs?
What is Love?
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Love and Greek Heritage Philia
± Friendship love
± Based on liking and respect rather than sexual desire
Eros
± The kind of love that is closest in meaning to the modern-day concept of passion
Storge
± Loving attachment and nonsexual affection
± The type of love that binds parents to children
Agape
± Selfless love
± A kind of loving that is similar to generosity and charity
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Romantic Love in
Contemporary Western Culture
Western culture idealizes the concept of
romantic love. In the U.S., most people believe romantic love is a
prerequisite for marriage or other kinds of long-termor permanent relationships.
Romantic love involves emotional highs and lows.
Women justify sexual activity with love, but men donot need to attribute love to sexual urges and behavior
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Love Vs InfatuationInfatuation
± A state of intense absorption in or focus on another person
± Usually involves sexual desire, elation, general
physiological arousal or excitement; passion
± If relationship develops, it typically is enforced by feelings
of attachment and caring.
± Often a passing fancy, but may develop into deeper
feelings and an enduring relationship
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Contemporary Models of Love
± Love as appraisal of arousal (Berscheid & Hatfield)
Romantic love ± A kind of love characterized by feelings of passion and
intimacy
» Physiological arousal that is attributed to feelings of love
» Culture that idealizes romantic love
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Copyright2008 Allyn & Bacon 16
Love: The Morning and the
Evening Star? Sternbergs triangular theory of love
IntimacyIntimacy
PassionPassion CommitmentCommitment
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Love: The Morning and the
Evening Star? Sternbergs triangular theory of love
± Types of love
Nonlove
± All components of love are absent.
Liking
± Intimacy is present.
± Passion and commitment are absent.
Infatuation ± Love at first sight
± Passion is present.
± Intimacy and commitment are absent.
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Sternbergs triangular theory of love
±Types of love Empty love
± Commitment is present.
± Passion and intimacy are absent.
Romantic love
± Passion and intimacy are present. ± Commitment is absent.
Companionate love
± Intimacy and commitment are present.
± Passion is absent.
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Sternbergs triangular theory of love
± Types of love
Fatuous love
± Passion and commitment are present.
± Intimacy is absent.
Consummate love ± Full or complete measure of love
± Combination of passion, intimacy, and commitment
± An ideal type of love
± Harder to maintain than to achieve
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Sternbergs triangular theory of love
IntimacyIntimacyIntimacyIntimacy
PassionPassion CommitmentCommitment
Romantic
Love
Romantic
Love
Companionate
Love
Companionate
Love
ConsummateLove
Fatuous
Love
Fatuous
Love
Infatuation
Liking
Empty Love
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