8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

1/19

FOR MUSLIM : Do everything because of Allah & not for gain praises from othersFOR NON MUSLIM : Be brave to face challenges & work hard to overcome it

ASSALAMUALAIKUM & GOOD MORNING

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

2/19

IRON

CAST IRONWROUGHT IRON

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

3/19

FERROUS METAL?????

all forms of iron and steel

manufactured to meet wide variety of

specification

chemical composition & internal structure

is highly controlled during manufacturing

Good strength and hard Fabricated in shops to desired size & shape

good quality control during manufacturing

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

4/19

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

5/19

It can be produced into 3 commercial

forms that is:a) wrought iron

b) steel

c) cast iron

Increase in the amount of carbon decreases

the melting point of the metal.

Carbon exerts the most significant effects

on the microstructure and properties of ironproducts.

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

6/19

WROUGHT IRON

Manufactured by melting & refining iron to a

high degree of purity.

Then, molten metal is poured into a ladle andmixed with hot slag.

The fluxing action of the slag causes a spongy

mass to form which is processed by rolling &

pressing.

It is only iron-bearing material containing slag.

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

7/19

Its a low carbon steel (less than 0.1% carbon by

weight) containing a small amount of slag,

usually less than 3%.

It contains small amount of manganese (less than

0.1%) and silicon (0.2%).

Its ductility is lower than steel.

Its tensile strength is lower.

It can be molded easily and has good resistance

to corrosion.

It is used to make pipes, corrugated sheets, grills,

bars, chains and other products.

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

8/19

It can be cold worked, forged and welded like

steel.

Forging is working a metal to predetermined

shape by one or more processes such as

hammering, pressing and rolling at a temperature

above the recrystallization temperature.

Cold working is the process of working at a

temperature that doesnt alter the structural

changes caused by the work or that is below therecrystallization temperature.

Wrought iron is used extensively where

corrosion resistance is needed.

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

9/19

Wrought Iron Gate & Wrought Iron Fence

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

10/19

Wrought Iron Rack

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

11/19

CAST IRON

Manufactured by reheating pig iron (in a cupola) and

blending it with other material of known composition.

Alternate layers of pig iron (with or without scrap

steel) and coke are charged into furnace. Limestone is added to flux the ash from the coke.

Heat necessary for the smelting is supplied by the

combustion of coke and air supplied by the blast.

Cupola function to purify iron and produce a moreuniform product.

When sufficient metal is accumulated at the bottom of

the furnace, it is tapped.

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

12/19

Composed primarily of iron, carbon and silicon

Shaped by being cast in a mold

It has the greatest amount of carbon

Basically, the amount and form of carbon

could affect the strength, hardness, brittleness

and stiffness of cast iron. Adding carbon to iron increases its hardness and

strength but lowers the ductility.

Cast iron has high compressive strength but itstensile strength is low.

There are 2 types of cast iron that is:a) Gray Cast Iron b) White Cast Iron

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

13/19

Cast Iron Teapot

Cast Iron Pots

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

14/19

Cast Iron Bench

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

15/19

GRAY CAST IRON

Gray Cast Iron also known as ordinarycast iron owing to the color of fracture.

It contains free carbon (graphite flakes) thatmakes the metal weak and soft.

Contains high carbon content and largenumbers of graphite flakes

The flakes gives a gray appearance to a

fractured surface most widely used cast iron

Have poor ductility

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

16/19

Advantages of cast iron are as follows:

a) Cheapb) Low melting point

c) Fluid easy to cast, especially advantageous

into large complex shapes

d) Excellent machinabilitye) Excellent bearing properties

f) Excellent damping properties

(ability to absorb noise and vibration)g) Can be heat threatened

h) Can be alloyed

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

17/19

White Cast Iron

White Cast Iron is called in such name due to

the fracture surface that has a silvery white

metallic color.

Carbon is combined chemically with iron in the

form of cementite that makes this metal strong,hard and brittle.

harder and more resistant to wear from abrasion

compared to gray iron. Excellent wear resistance

High compressive stress

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

18/19

White Cast Iron Daybed

8/3/2019 3.1 Iron

19/19

SET GOAL, PLAN AND WORK HARD TOWARDS THE GOAL

IFYOU WISH PEOPLE TO RESPECT YOU

THEN LEARN TO GIVE RESPECT TO OTHERS