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3rd Nine Weeks Review
Chapter 8
1. Write the equation for photosynthesis. Circle the
reactants. Put a square around the products.
2. Define an autotroph.
• An organism that produces its own food.
3. Define a heterotroph.
• An organism that needs other organisms for food
4. What type of reaction is photosynthesis?
• endergonic
5. Why are leaves flat?
• So sunlight can penetrate the photosynthetic material
Chapter 9
6. Describe glycolysis.
• The first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
7. What is the relationship of glucose in photosynthesis and
cellular respiration?
• Photosynthesis makes glucose and cellular respiration uses it for energy
8. _______________ is the final electron acceptor in the electron
transport chain.
Oxygen
9. Which requires energy, active transport, osmosis, glycolysis,
or phagocytosis?
• All except osmosis
Chapter 19
10. Define prokaryote.
• A cell without a nucleus
11. Draw and label a T4 bacteriophage.
Describe the lytic and lysogenic cycle.
13. AIDS is a retrovirus. What is a retrovirus?
• A virus that has RNA as its genetic information
14. How do you prevent spread of viruses?
• Prevention– Using vaccines
15. What instrument would you use to see a virus?
• Because they are so small, an electron microscope is needed
16. Evaluate the medical and economic importance of viruses. Be sure to list some diseases caused
by viruses.
• Possibly used for gene therapy
• Diseases– Chicken pox– polio
17. List the two bacteria kingdoms. Describe the characteristics of
each kingdom • Archaebacteria
– Do not contain peptidoglycan– Like harsh environments
• Eubacteria– Cell wall made of peptidoglycan– larger
18. Label the bacteria.
DNA
Pili
Cell wall
peptidoglycanCell membrane
ribosomes
flagellum
19. List and describe the shapes of bacteria.
• Bacilli-rod shaped
• Cocci-sphere or round shaped
• Spirilla-spiral shaped
20. State the four parts of the Germ Theory. What is the relationship to our current
knowledge?• 1. The microorganism can be found in the diseased
animal.
2. The microorganism can be isolated from the diseased animal and grown in the lab.
3. The cultured microorganism will cause the disease when put in a healthy susceptible animal.
4. The same microorganism can be isolated from the newly infected animal.
21. What are vaccines? How do they work?
• A preparation of weakened or killed pathogen
• Prompts the body to produce immunity to the pathagen
22. Which bacteria works symbiotically to us in our
intestines? What is meant by symbiosis?
• E coli
• Relationship in which two organisms live closely together
23. What is a parasite?
• Where one organism lives in or on another
24. How do bacteria make yogurt and cheese?
• By going through a fermentation process
25. How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
• Because they use conjugation as a means of reproduction, they can take on the characteristics of other bacteria that are resistant
26. How are bacteria economically important to us?
• Foods- yogurts, cheeses
• Medicine-vaccines,
• Agriculture- nitrogen fixation, decompose dead matter
Chapter 20
27. What is a fungi? How do they function in their environment?
• Eukaryotic heterotrophs that have cell walls
• As decomposers, as parasites,
29. How are fungi different from plants?
• They don’t make their own food
• Cell wall of chitin
• Not photosynthetic
30. Describe how yeast reproduces.
• By budding– Which is an outgrowth of the organism
Chapter 21Protists
31. Draw and label an Amoeba, Euglena, and a Paramecium
32. What does a contractile vacuole do?
• Regulates the flow of water in an out of the organism
33. Which protist is animal like, and why are they classified as such?
• Ameoba
• Paramecium
• Plasmodium– They are heterotrophs and move about
34. Which protists are plantlike?
• Euglena
• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates
• Algae
35. Which protist is fungus like?
• Water mold
• Slime mold
36. Which protist causes red tide?
• Dinoflagellates
37. List four diseases caused by protist. How are they passed to
humans?• Malaria-by the Plasmodium carried by the
mosquito• African Sleeping Sickness- by the Trypanasoma
carried by the tse tse fly• Amebic dysentary- carried by the Giarda that is in
water• Toxoplasmosis (toxo) is an infection caused by a
single-celled parasite called Toxoplasma gondii.
38. Explain alternation of generation.
• Where an organisms switches from haploid to diploid in its life process
39. An Euglena can function as a ______________ in the absence
of sunlight Heterotroph
Chapter 26-28
40. Define the three types of symmetry.
• Asymmetrical-not identical on both sides of a central line (Dictionary)
• Bilateral-single imaginary line divides it in half
• Radial- have body parts that repeat around the center
41. Name the 8 phyla of invertebrates and give an example
of each.• Porifera-sponges• Cnidaria-jellyfish• Platyhelminthes(flatworm)-planaria• Nematoda-hookworm• Annelida-earthworm• Mollusks-clam• Arthropod-insects• Echinoderms-starfish
42. What is meant by sessile?
• Attached or fixed; not moving
43. What is meant by motile?
• Moving or having the power to move
44. Define exoskeleton.
• Tough external covering that protects and supports the body of many invertebrates
45. Define hermaphrodite.
• Individual that has both male and female parts
46. Describe how mollusks and crustaceans carry out gas
exchange. • Gills are used to exchange gases. This is
done by a diffusion type process
47. List two common structures for respiration in invertebrates.
• Gills
• Skin
48. What are the characteristics of mammals?
• Hair
• Mammary glands
• Breathe air
• 4 chambered heart
• endotherms
49. Describe a closed circulatory system.
• In a closed circulatory system, blood is contained within a network of blood vessels.
50. Define endothermic.
• Animal that generates its own body heat
51. Define ectothermic.
• Animals that rely on their environment to help control body heat
52. Why do amphibians need water?
• To carry out reproduction
• To aid in respiration
53. Define monotremes, marsupials, and placental animals.
• Monotremes-egg laying mammals• Marsupials-animals that bear live young
that usually complete their development in a pouch
• Placental animals-nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ands wastes are exchanged between the embryo and the mother through a placenta
54. What is a cloaca and what is its relationship to some animals?
• The opening to the outside of some animals.
• Used to eliminate waste and to carry out reproduction
Review from 1st Semester
55. List and describe the process of scientific method.
• Ask a question
• Make a hypothesis
• Conduct an experiment
• Collect data
• Analyze information
• Report results
56. What are lipids?
• Compounds made from carbon and hydrogen, include fats, oils, waxes.
57. What are proteins?
Macromoles that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Made up of amino acids.
58. What is binomial nomenclature?
• A two part naming system, includes the Genus and species
59. List the hierarchy of classification?
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
60. Define artificial selection.
• Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms
61. Define and discuss radioactive dating.
Technique in which scientists calculate the age of a sample based on the remaining radioactive isotopes it contains
62. Define extinction.
• Disappearance of a species from all parts of a geographical range
63. Describe Lamarck’s theory.
• That if an organism used a part more or developed a part of their body, it would be passed down to their offspring
64. What methods do we use to process foods?
• Canning
• Salting
• Drying
65. Practice reading graphs and charts.